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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,315 Documents
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Diversity and conservation status of avifauna in Mount Lantoy Key Biodiversity Areas (KBA) in Cebu Island, Philippines ARCHIEBALD BALTAZAR B. MALAKI; STEVE MICHAEL T. ALCAZAR; EDGARDO P. LILLO; RAAMAH C. ROSALES; BERNARDO R. REDOBLADO; JOHN LOU DIAZ
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230208

Abstract

Abstract. Malaki ABB, Alcazar SMT, LILLO EP, Rosales RC, Redoblado BR, DIAZ JL. 2021. Diversity and conservation status of avifauna in Mount Lantoy Key Biodiversity Areas (KBA) in Cebu Island, Philippines. Biodiversitas 23: 671-678. A study on the bird community in Mount (Mt.) Lantoy Key Biodiversity Areas (KBA) was carried out to determine its diversity and conservation status to conserve, protect, and rehabilitate forest habitat within the KBA. The study was conducted across three sampling sites. By using the transect, point count, and mist nets, we found 1,340 individuals belonging to 31 orders, 32 families, and 44 species within the study sites. There were five dominant bird species, i.e., Hypsipetes philippinus (J.R.Forster, 1795), Phapitreron leucotis (Temminck, 1823), Psilopogon haemacephalus (P.L.S.Müller, 1776), Nectarinia jugularis (Linnaeus, 1766), and the endangered Kittacincla cebuensis (Steere, 1890). We also found rare bird species within the study site, such as Haliastur indus (Boddaert, 1783), Geopelia striata (Linnaeus, 1766), Monticola solitarius (Linnaeus, 1758), Oriolus chinensis (Linnaeus, 1766), Dendrocopos maculatus (Scopoli, 1786), Pycnonotus goiavier (Scopoli, 1786), and Rallina eurizonoides (Lafresnaye, 1845). We also found six Philippine endemics, including K. cebuensis, Ninox rumseyi (Rasmussen et al. 2012), H. philippinus, D. maculatus, Loriculus philippensis (Statius Muller, 1776), and Caprimulgus manillensis (Walden, 1875). Based on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, two species are Endangered, and 42 species are Least Concern (LC). Using the "Checklist of the Birds of the Philippines," we found two species are Endangered, two species are Near Threatened, and 40 species are LC. The diversity of birds in Mt. Lantoy KBA was moderate. We considered that this KBA is highly exposed to various forest or habitat disturbances such as land-use conversion, charcoal making, firewood gathering, slash-and-burn method of cultivation, and infrastructure development. There is a need to strictly implement the policies governing the utilization of forest resources to augment the diversity of the study site.
Agronomic characteristics and genetic relationship of putative transgenic rice lines of cv. Fatmawati with the Glu-1Dx5 transgene Nono Carsono; GIGIH IBNU PRAYOGA; SANTIKA SARI; MEDDY RACHMADI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230135

Abstract

Abstract. Carsono N, Prayoga GI, Sari S, Rachmadi M. 2021. Agronomic characteristics and genetic relationship of putative transgenic rice lines of cv. Fatmawati with the Glu-1Dx5 transgene. Biodiversitas 23: 291-298. Transgenic rice lines cv. Fatmawati with the Glu-1Dx5 transgene (encoding high molecular weight glutenin sub-unit Dx5 from bread wheat) has been produced in order to improve dough functionality of rice flour. These lines have reached T1 (transformant-1) dan T2 (transformant-2) generations. Some transgenic rice plants obtained from in vitro culture and transformation events frequently show phenotypic and genotypic variations from the original plants, thus evaluation of agronomic traits of these transgenic rice is highly important in order to obtain rice genotypes with the best agronomic traits that will be integrated into rice breeding program. Nine transgenic rice lines and two check lines, i.e. seed-derived and callus-derived rice lines, were used in this experiment. A comparison between transgenic rice traits with those of non-transgenic checks was done by student’s t-test and relationship among transgenic rice lines was evaluated by UPGMA (Unweighted Pair Group Method with Mean Arithmetic) method using NT Sys (Numerical Taxonomy and Multivariate Analysis System). Results indicated that agronomic traits of transgenic rice lines were similar to those of non-transgenic check except for number of productive tillers (T2-11, T2-12, T2-20), the maximum number of tillers (T2-7, T2-11, T2-12, T2-20), number of filled grains (T1-45) and days to maturity (all T2 lines). It suggests that somaclonal variations, gene insertional effect, genetic and epigenetic mutations might occur. Genetic relationship between putative transgenic and non-transgenic checks was closely related, although somaclonal variants were found. The selected transgenic rice lines will be incorporated into rice breeding programs.
Short Communication: Molecular study of bacteria isolated from meat and chicken frozen from Misan Governorate market in Iraq DUAA ALI HUSAIN; ZAHID SA'DOON AZIZ
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230111

Abstract

Abstract. Husain DA, Aziz ZS. 2021. Short Communication: Molecular study of bacteria isolated from meat and chicken frozen from Misan Governorate market in Iraq. Biodiversitas 23: 81-86. Food contamination is frequently defined as spoiled or tainted foods because they contain microorganisms, such as fungi, bacteria, parasites, or toxic substances that make them unfit for consumption. In this study, one hundred meat and chicken Frozen products samples were collected randomly from the commercial markets in Misan Governorate, Iraq from November 2020 to April 2021, included: (burger – sausage – kebab – shawarma – minced meat) of meat and (chest-thigh-liver-burger-kebab) of Chicken. The results of aerobic plate count showed that all meat and chicken products were contaminated with bacteria, but the imported products were more contaminated than the local products. Our study included the isolation and diagnosis of eighteen bacterial species by using routine and standard bacteriological tests. The results showed that Gram-negative bacteria were common in meat products (52%) and Gram-positive bacteria represented 48%. In chicken samples, the Gram-positive bacteria was most dominant (59%) while the percentage of Gram-negative bacteria was 41%. Monoplex PCR was used to identify eighteen bacterial strains using a universal 16S rRNA primer that gave 1500 bp amplification product, nucleotide sequences were studied at the National Center for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (Nucleotide BLAST). The diagnosed bacteria were Aeromonas veronii, Pseudomonas plecoglossicida, Acinetobacter lwofii, Aeromonas veronii, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pseudomonas japonica, Pseudomonas songnenensis, Klebsiella pneumoniae subsp. ozaenae, Psychrobacter sanguinis, Klebsiella pneumoniae strain, Acinetobacter lwofii, Lysinibacillus boronitolerans, Bacillus licheniformis, Enterobacter hormaechei, Pseudomonas putida strain, Serratia liquefaciens strain, Comamonas testosterone strain, and Methylogaea oryzae strain which recorded in the Gene Bank belong to different accession numbers.
Short communication: The preference and functional response of Sycanus aurantiacus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) on three prey types in laboratory conditions Ketut Ayu Yuliadhi; I Wayan Supartha; I Nyoman Wijaya; Pudjianto Pudjianto; Ali Nurmansyah; I Wayan Susila; I Kadek Wisma Yudha; I Wayan Eka Karya Utama; Putu Angga Wiradana
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 12 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221252

Abstract

Abstract. Yuliadhi KA, Supartha IW, Wijaya IN, Pudjianto, Nurmansyah A, Susila IW, Yudha IKW, Utama IWEK, Wiradana PA. 2021. Short communication: The preference and functional response of Sycanus aurantiacus (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Reduviidae) on three prey types in laboratory conditions. Biodiversitas 22: 5662-5667. Sycanus aurantiacus Ishikawa et Okajima (Hemiptera: Heteroptera) is a valuable predatory insect that can be cultivated in biological pest control programs, particularly in vegetable crops. The research aimed to investigate the preferences and functional responses of the predator Sycanus aurantiacus to three different prey species in the laboratory conditions, included Plutella xylostella (Linnaeus), Crocidolomia pavonana (Fabricius), and Tenebrio molitor (Linnaeus). The preference experiment was carried out by monitoring the prey on which S. aurantiacus preyed the most. The functional responsiveness of S. aurantiacus was determined by measuring the time it took to detect and prey on various kinds of prey, as well as the number of prey that were successfully preyed upon when the quantity of prey was increased. The predatory S. aurantiacus preferred P. xylostella over C. pavonana and T. molitor. S. aurantiacus functional response to three kinds of prey, including type II, is shown. In P. xylostella, the instantaneous prey search rate (a) was 0.2/hour, with a handling time (Th) of 1 hour 40 minutes/prey, which was quicker than the other two kinds of prey. As a result of our findings, the predator S. aurantiacus can be maintained in the lab and has the potential to be developed as an efficient biocontrol agent, particularly against the cabbage leaf caterpillar P. xylostella.
Novel microbial transformation of Andrographis paniculata by Aspergillus oryzae K1A RINI HANDAYANI; ACHMAD DINOTO; MARIA BINTANG
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230114

Abstract

Abstract. Handayani R, Dinoto A, Bintang M. 2021. Novel microbial transformation of Andrographis paniculata by Aspergillus oryzae K1A. Biodiversitas 23: 110-117. Microbial transformation is a powerful technique for altering organic substances with complex chemical structures. Aspergillus has been found to produce secondary metabolites from biotransformation products of various medicinal plants. Andrographis paniculata Nees. or sambiloto is an Asian traditional medicinal plant. This study aimed to investigate the microbial transformation of A. paniculata by Aspergillus oryzae K1A. The leaf of A. paniculata was fermented by A. oryzae K1A. Microorganisms were transferred into the ?asks from the slants. The ?asks were placed on rotary shakers, operating at 120 rpm at 37°C. 0.2ml of the substrate solution was added into the fermentation ?asks and these ?asks were maintained under the same conditions and sampling was carried out each day of 0, 1, 3, 7 and 14. The samples were analyzed by TLC, HPLC, and the LC-MS/MS method to evaluate the biotransformation products. The TLC analysis showed different spots of A. paniculata fermented and non-fermented on days of 7 to 14 th and the Rf value was disappeared. The peaks of A. paniculata fermented and non-fermented were relatively similar on days of 0 to 1 incubation and the concentrations of A. paniculata fermented and non-fermented were increased during incubation time in the HPLC analysis. The chromatograms LC-MS/MS study showed different peaks between A. paniculata fermentation and non-fermentation on 3 to 14 days of incubation, and new secondary metabolites picrasidine K (C18H23N3O2); bufotalinin (C24H30O6); and ?-carboline were shown in the table of A. paniculata fermented.
Molecular characterization of a 42 kDa subunit pili protein of Salmonella typhi causes typhoid fever SRI DARMAWATI; STALIS NORMA ETHICA; MUHAMMAD EVY PRASTIYANTO; SULAIMAN NGONGU DEPAMEDE; ELEVENTI OKTARINA PUTRI; MUDYAWATI KAMARUDDIN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230239

Abstract

Abstract. Darmawati S, Ethica SN, Prastiyanto ME, Depamede SN, Putri EO, Kamaruddin M. 2022. Molecular characterization of a 42 kDa subunit pili protein of Salmonella typhi causes typhoid fever. Biodiversitas 23: 962-968. Blood culture is the gold standard for diagnosing typhoid fever, but it has limitations such as media and laboratory equipment, specimen volume, and examination time. However, the Academy of Pediatrics does not recommend serology due to its low sensitivity.The purpose of this study was to determine the molecular properties of the protein pilli of Salmonella typhi(S. typhi) that the findings can be used to develop a typhoid fever diagnostic reagent. The SDS-PAGE method was used, as well sequence analysis with ProtParam, ProtScale, and PSIPRED. The SDS-PAGE profile reveals one major protein (42 kDa) and fourteen minor proteins. The pili protein subunit 42 kDa had an amino acid (AA) sequence with a length of 390 AA, according to bioinformatics analysis. According to the ProtParam results, the pili protein subunit 42 kDa has good stability with a value of 40 and is a hydrophilic protein with an average GRAVY value of -0.950. PSIPRED results show that among the secondary structural elements, coil strand predominates, followed by -helix and -strand. It is concluded that this protein is immunogenic and that it can be used to develop a more specific and sensitive diagnostic reagent for typhoid fever.
Sensory profiles of cocoa genotypes in Indonesia INDAH ANITA SARI; RUDI HARI MURTI MURTI; MISNAWI MISNAWI; EKA TARWACA SUSILA PUTRA PUTRA; AGUNG WAHYU SUSILO SUSILO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230205

Abstract

Abstract. Sari IA, Murti RH, Misnawi, Putra ETS, Susilo AW. 2021. Sensory profiles of cocoa genotypes in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 648-654. The Cocoa flavor is influenced by genetic factors and has an important role in increasing the added value of beans as specialty products. For this reason, superior genotypes with specific and unique flavors should be identified as fine flavor cocoa (FFC) products. This study was conducted to obtain genotypes with sensory quality and specific profiles. Ten clones under three groups were used: Forastero (KW 516 and KEE 2), Trinitario with purple beans (ICCRI 03, ICCRI 07, ICCRI 09, MCC 02, Sulawesi 1, Sulawesi 2, and TSH 858), and Trinitario with white beans (DR 2). Genotypes were assigned using a completely randomized block design with three replications. A sensory test was performed by three trained and certified panelists using the Indonesian Coffee and Cocoa Research Institute (ICCRI) and Guittard Chocolate Company standards. The attributes, acidity, bitterness, astringency, fresh fruit, browned fruit, floral aroma, woody aroma, spicy, nutty taste, and browned/roasted appearance of cocoa were evaluated on a scale of 1-10. Data were examined through ANOVA, flavor character profiling, PCA Biplot, and dendrogram analysis in STAR 2.0.1, Microsoft Excel 2019, and R Studio. Results showed that the genotypes significantly influenced the chemical content of the beans, and each genotype had a specific flavor character. The genotypes were classified into three groups based on flavor characters via PCA biplot and dendrogram analysis. Two groups of aromatic genotypes had the potential to develop FFC products with weak (DR 2) and strong cocoa taste (ICCRI 09, ICCRI 03, ICCRI 07, MCC 02, and TSH 858). Conversely, the nonaromatic cocoa groups with strong taste were KEE 02, KW 516, Sulawesi 1, and Sulawesi 2. Therefore, the intensity of floral and nutty aromas significantly affected the overall quality of cocoa flavor.
Production and characterization of biosurfactant produced by Lactobacillus lactis grown in media containing Crude Palm Oil (CPO) VENTY SURYANTI; ABU MASYKUR; HILDA ALFIYANI SETYONO; SANTI RAMADANI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 22 No. 12 (2021)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d221234

Abstract

Biosurfactants are surface-active compounds produced by a wide variety of diverse microorganisms. The structural diversity of biosurfactants depends on microorganisms and growth conditions (such as substrate and pH). The unique structure of biosurfactants provides unique properties for specific applications. Biosurfactant production still needs to be explored using a variety of microorganisms and growth conditions for producing the diversity of biosurfactant structures. Production and characterization of biosurfactant by Lactobacillus lactis using Crude Palm Oil (CPO) as an additional carbon source has been conducted. The optimization condition of biosurfactant production by L. lactis using media containing various concentrations of CPO was evaluated. Optical density, surface tension, and emulsification index were observed daily for 12 days. Optimal biosurfactant production condition was achieved when L. lactis was grown on media Nutrient Broth containing 10% (v/v) of CPO and incubated for 8 days. Biosurfactants were obtained for 80 mg/L media. Based on Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) analysis and Fourier Transform Infra-Red (FT-IR) Spectroscopy, produced biosurfactant was identified as a glycolipid biosurfactant containing functional groups of hydroxyl, ester, carboxylic, methyl, and methylene. Produced biosurfactants exhibited the Critical Micelle Concentration (CMC) value of 1 g/L with a surface tension value of 49.46 mN/m. The emulsion system of produced biosurfactant was water in oil (w/o). The produced biosurfactant showed an emulsification index of 41-71% with soybean oil, palm oil, sunflower oil, olive oil, and lubricant oil. The stable emulsion was reached up to 30 days when soybean oil, olive oil, and lubricant oil were used as the water-immiscible compound.
Ethnobotanical study of traditional steam bath bafufu in Lako Akediri Village, West Halmahera, Indonesia ANISATU Z. WAKHIDAH; M. SILALAHI; YUDIYANTO YUDIYANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230222

Abstract

Abstract. Wakhidah AZ, Silalahi M, Yudiyanto. 2021. Ethnobotanical study of traditional steam bath bafufu in Lako Akediri Village, West Halmahera, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 765-774. Indonesia's high biological and cultural diversity has resulted in various plant uses for medicinal purposes, including for health steam bath or spa. Bafufu is a traditional steam bath performed by Lako Akediri villagers in West Halmahera, Indonesia which uses concoctions made from various plant species. It is usually used to maintain women's bodies after postpartum and treat menstrual pain. This study was conducted to study the local knowledge of Lako Akediri villagers about bafufu spa concoction, including the diversity of plant and plant parts used to make the concoction and the community's management of such plants, and the efficacy of the concoction. We conducted semi-structured interviews with 30 respondents, comprised of indigenous medical practitioners and local women. Additionally, we collected and identified the specimens of plants used in bafufu. We recorded 20 plant species used in bafufu with the most used parts of plants being leaves and fruits. The local community obtained plants from 3 sources, i.e., cultivation, semi-wild, or wild. As many as 7 species were cited more than 6 times with kananga [Cananga odorata (Lam.) Hook.f. & Thomson] is the most cited (10 citation). Those plants have been well studied regarding their phytochemical content in maintaining women's reproduction health. Such most used plants have chemical compounds including liriodenine, punicalagins, curcumin, myristic acid, eugenol and citral a-citral b. The bafufu spa concoction has various benefits, such as maintaining the health of the reproductive organs reducing menstrual pain and body odor.
Genetic diversity analysis of Puan Kalianda kopyor coconuts (Cocos nucifera) from South Lampung, Indonesia based on SSR markers Megayani Sri Rahayu; Asep Setiawan; Ismail Maskromo; Agus Purwito; Sudarsono Sudarsono
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230126

Abstract

Abstract. Rahayu MS, Setiawan A, Maskromo I, Purwito A, Sudarsono. 2021. Genetic diversity analysis of Puan Kalianda kopyor coconuts (Cocos nucifera) from South Lampung, Indonesia based on SSR markers. Biodiversitas 23: 205-211. Puan Kalianda kopyor coconut (Cocos nucifera L.) is a newly released tall kopyor coconut from Kalianda, South Lampung, Indonesia. The kopyor coconut is an exotic, highly economic value coconut mutant with an abnormal endosperm. This study aimed to analyze the genetic diversity of Puan Kalianda kopyor coconut from South Lampung, Indonesia using SSR markers. As many as 91 Puan Kalianda kopyor coconut accessions were genotyped using 10 SSR marker loci, and the generated data were used to evaluate their genetic diversity and population structure. The results showed a high degree of SSR marker polymorphism (PIC value = 67%), indicating the SSR marker loci are informative for revealing the genetic diversity within the evaluated Puan Kalianda kopyor coconut population. The Puan Kalianda coconut population showed a 70% expected heterozygosity (He) and 60% observed heterozygosity. The phylogenetic analysis formed two main clusters, and each cluster consisted of three sub-clusters. The Genetic structure analysis showed that the population most probably derived from two ancestral origins (K = 2) and can further be clustered into six sub-clusters (K = 6). Therefore, since genetic diversity within the population is relatively high, the Puan Kalianda tall kopyor coconut population can be considered an essential genetic resource for future kopyor coconut development.

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