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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,315 Documents
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Diversity, composition and important tree species for Cenderawasih bird activities in Rhepang Muaif ecotourism forest, Jayapura, Papua, Indonesia WEHELMINA LAHALLO; ROSYE H.R. TANJUNG; SUHARNO SUHARNO; PUGUH SUJARTA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230219

Abstract

Abstract. Lahallo W, Tanjung RHR, Suharno, Sujarta P. 2022. Diversity, composition and important tree species for Cenderawasih bird activities in Rhepang Muaif ecotourism forest, Jayapura, Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 742-749. Trees, the major component of a forest, affect the interaction between flora and fauna contained in the forest. Among them, birds are the group of fauna that are highly dependent on trees in the forest. The inter-relationship between birds and trees is particularly important in forests utilized for bird-watching ecotourism and endemic birds such as Birds of Paradise, or locally named Cenderawasih. This study aimed to determine the diversity and floristic composition of tree species in the Rhepang Muaif ecotourism forest, Jayapura District, Papua and identify important tree species that support the activities Cenderawasih birds. A survey was employed using a line-transect method to record species diversity and vegetation structure of trees diameter> 20 cm. A total of 62 observation plots were established, representing around 51 hectares of ecotourism forest, with each plot measuring 20 x 20 m. The findings revealed that there were around 63 tree species belonging to 23 different families recorded in the observation plots. Based on the stand structure, it can be stated that the ecotourism forest in Rhepang Muaif was a secondary forest with a density of roughly 20 trees per hectare (diameter > 20 cm). Species with the highest Important Value Index were Intsia bijuga, Areca sp., Syzygium versteegii, and Pometia pinnata. Important tree species used for the activities of Cenderawasih birds included I. bijuga (perching, chirping), P. pinnata (playing), Teijsmanniodendron hollrungii (perching, chirping), P. pinnata (eating, perching) and Macaranga sp (playing). Macaranga sp., F. benjamina, and T. hollrungii had a limited population whereas I. bijuga, and P. pinnata were more abundant. Our study implies that to ensure the survival of Cenderawasih birds in the ecotourism areas, the carrying capacity of tree species for bird activities must be maintained so that these birds do not migrate to other locations.
Distribution, occurrence and molecular characterization of Bacillus related species isolated from different soil in Basrah Province, Iraq NASSIR ABDULLAH ALYOUSIF
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230209

Abstract

Abstract. Alyousif NA. 2021. Distribution, occurrence and molecular characterization of Bacillus related species isolated from different soil in Basrah Province, Iraq. Biodiversitas 23: 679-686. Bacillus related species are widely predominant in various environments such as soil with diverse environmental conditions. These bacteria are one of the most explored groups of bacteria in industrial biotechnology due to their enzymes. The present study was aimed to isolate, screen and determine the distribution of Bacillus related species from soil samples. The total Bacillus related species counts in one gram of each soil sample ranged between 3.2 X 103 cfu/g and 4 X 103 cfu/g. A total of 43 isolates with different morphologies were isolated from the soil samples out of ten different habitats and the number of morphotypes recovered from each habitat varied from 2 to 7. The molecular identification of isolates by PCR technique and sequencing of 16S rDNA gene indicated that 43 isolates belonged to the genera Bacillus, Cytobacillus, Priestia and Peribacillus. The species Bacillus licheniformis and Bacillus subtilis were the most distributed species in the habitats. The bacterial isolates were showed 100% similarity, except 8 isolates were showed 99% similarity were identified as new strains and their sequences were deposited at the National Center for Biotechnical Information (NCBI). The phylogenetic tree was constructed by MEGA X software based on 16S rDNA gene sequences of Bacillus related species to evaluate their close relationship and evolution. The study revealed the higher diversity and distribution of Bacillus related species in the soil samples and the molecular technique was the best method for identifying Bacillus related species.
Phytochemical and antioxidant properties of Syzygium zollingerianum leaves extract PUTU KRISNA WIDYANTARA SUJANA; NASTITI WIJAYANTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230233

Abstract

Abstract. Sujana PKW, Wijayanti N. 2022. Phytochemical and antioxidant properties of Syzygium zollingerianum leaves extract. Biodiversitas 23: 916-921. The genus Syzygiumis known as a medicinal plant that has broad bioactive properties due to the abundance of bioactive compounds. Syzygium zollingerianum (Miq.) Amshoff could be considered as one of the important species to study because recent reports indicate that this species only grows in Indonesia and studies on its health benefits are still very limited. This study aimed to determine the phytochemical content of the ethanolic extract of S. zollingeranumleaves and to evaluate its antioxidant activity and cytotoxic effects on Vero cell lines. Phytochemical content was analyzed using spectrophotometry, DPPH assay was used to determine antioxidant activity and MTT assay was carried out to determine its cytotoxicity. The results of the spectrophotometric test showed the presence of phenolic, flavonoids, alkaloids, and tannins in the ethanolic extract of S. zollingeranum leaves. The ability to inhibit free radicals was very strong with antioxidant activity index (AAI) of 68.75 ± 31.386 and IC50 of 0.57 ± 0.211 µg/mL. The results of cytotoxicity examination showed that S. zollingerianumleaves extract has moderate cytotoxicity against Vero cells (101.42 ± 6.823 µg/mL). This study showed that S. zollingerianum leaves extract has great potential as a source of natural exogenous antioxidants and conservation for the sustainability of this plant needs to be considered.
Vetiver root cohesion at different growth sites in Bogor, Indonesia YULIA AMIRUL FATA; HENDRAYANTO HENDRAYANTO; ERIZAL ERIZAL; SURIA DARMA TARIGAN; CAHYO WIBOWO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230360

Abstract

Abstract. Fata YA, Hendrayanto, Erizal, Tarigan SD, Wibowo C. 2022. Vetiver root cohesion at different growth sites in Bogor, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 1683-1692.The plant root system, including the root system of vetiver grass, plays a critical role in enhancing soil cohesion, shear strength, and vegetated slope stability. Numerous studies on mechanical reinforcement of vetiver grass-roots have been conducted, with the majority of studies focusing on ground-planted vetiver with good maintainedor naturally grown vetiver, while mechanical reinforcement of vetiver grass roots planted in landslide areas at various growth sites with less maintenance is still uncommon.The purpose of this study was to examine the vetiver grass-roots cohesion that grew in the different growth sites that had been affected by landslides. Vetiver grass root samples were collected in January 2021, at the age of 8 months. Vetiver grass roots were collected from vetiver plants growing in the affected landslide areas of (a) bareland, (b) shrubland, and (c) bushland. The root tensile strength of root samples was determined using a Universal Testing Machine (UTM) with a capacity of 3 tons, and the measurement accuracy of the load cell was 1/10000. The test was conducted in accordance with ASTM D638-14 guidelines. Three repetitions were performed on roots representing the root length class of 10 cm. The results indicated that the growth sites influenced the morphological and architectural properties of the vetiver grass-roots. The vetiver grass that grew in bushland exhibited a higher root density than bareland or shrubland. The roots were denser and had a greater range of lengths. Short roots less than 10 cm in length were the most prevalent, and the majority of them were found near the soil surface. The greater the soil depth, the less the quantity of roots.The tensile strength (TR) tends to get smaller with longer roots, and vetiver grass rootsgrew in bareland have the highestTR(15-59 MPa) relative to their growth in bushland (9-37 MPa) and shrubland (16-29 MPa). The ratio of root fiber area to root growth area (RAR) also tends to get smaller with deeper roots. Likewise, is the tensile strength increasing caused by roots (tR) and root cohesion (CR) which are a function of RAR. The CR??of vetiver roots growing in bushland (0.015-0.275 kPa) were relatively higher than those growing in bareland (0.02-0.168 kPa) and shrubland (0.002-0.028 kPa) in the same root length class, at the same depth.
Natural distribution of the genus Dacrydium Lamb. (Podocarpaceae) in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia SITI MAIMUNAH; PAUL J.A. KESSLER; SAPTO INDRIOKO; MUHAMMAD NAIEM
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 6 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230605

Abstract

Abstract. Maimunah S, Kessler PJA, Indrioko S, Naiem M. 2022. Natural distribution of the genus Dacrydium Lamb. (Podocarpaceae) in Central Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 2816-2822. The tropical coniferous genus Dacrydium is widespread in Kalimantan, Indonesia. It is estimated that four species still exist in Borneo, locally known as Alau. This genus thrives in a range of habitats, from heath to deep-peat forests in Central Kalimantan. This genus is currently threatened by logging, fire, and forest conversion to plantations. The objectives of this study were: 1) to know the distribution and abundance of Dacrydium, and 2) to describe the Dacrydium’s habitat. The research was conducted in a heath forest located in PT Taiyoung Engreen (PTTE) in Gunung Mas District and PT Dasa Intiga (PTDI) in Kapuas and North Barito District, and in deep-peat swamp forest located in Sebangau National Park (SNP) in Palangka Raya and Pulang Pisau District. Data were collected in plots, each measuring 50 x 80 m, and the collected data were analyzed using a biodiversity calculator device created by MSU in USAID Lestari 2019. The identified specimens of alau found were sent to Herbarium Bogoriense for validation. The results of the analysis showed that we could identify three species of alau from the four species that are suspected to exist in Kalimantan. namely Dacrydium beccarii Parl. (alau bakam (B)); Dacrydium pectinatum de Laub. (alau kelangkang (K)), and Dacrydium elatum (Roxb.) Wall. ex Hook. (alau tombak (T)) with various abundance. Depending on the conditions of habitat, Alau could be found only in some parts of heath to deep-peat swamp forest. The finding of D. pectinatum in the study areas is a new discovery because it was previously reported that this species was not found in Central Kalimantan.
The antioxidant and antibacterial activities of chitosan extract from white shrimp shell (Penaeus indicus) in the waters north of Brebes, Indonesia kusnadi kusnadi; PURGIYANTI PURGIYANTI; ANDRI CAHYO KUMORO; ANANG MOHAMAD LEGOWO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230310

Abstract

Abstract. Kusnadi, Purgiyanti, Kumoro AK, Legowo AM. 2022. The antioxidant and antibacterial activities of chitosan extract from white shrimp shell (Penaeus indicus) in the waters north of Brebes, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 1267-1272. Chitosan is an oligosaccharide compound produced by deacetylation of basic chitin at high temperatures. This research aimed to extract chitosan from white shrimp (Penaeus indicus) in the waters north of Brebes, Indonesia and determine its antioxidant and antibacterial activity compared to commercial chitosan. The functional structure of chitosan was carried out through Fourier Transformation-Infrared Spectroscopy. Determination of antioxidant activity using the DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) radical scavenging method and its antibacterial activity was tested on Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli bacterial strains. The chitosan extract was also tested for its average molecular weight. The degree of deacetylation of chitosan extract was higher 78.60% than that of commercial chitosan 73.46%. The IC50 of chitosan extract and commercial chitosan on DPPH radicals was 4.25 mg/mL and 5.2 mg/mL, respectively. The chitosan extract produced largest inhibition zone found at 1000 g/mL on S. aureus (14.40 ± 0.03 mm) and E. coli (13.78 ± 0.01 mm). The result of DPPH radical scavenging activity was directly proportional to the value of the degree of deacetylation produced by the chitosan extract from white shrimp (P. indicus), the greater the degree of deacetylation, the greater the antioxidant and antibacterial activity.
Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) human-oriented behavior at the Lamandau Wildlife Reserve, Indonesia Novita Amalia; Dyah Perwitasari Farajallah; Sri Suci Utami Atmoko
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230141

Abstract

Abstract. Amalia N, Fajarallah DP, Atmoko SSU. 2021. Orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) human-oriented behavior at the Lamandau Wildlife Reserve, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 396-402. Unlike other conservation efforts, rehabilitation and reintroduction face different challenges due to humans' role in developing orphaned orangutans. Long-term interactions between orangutans and humans in captivity will gradually encourage orangutans to shape and increase human-oriented behavior (interest in humans). The Lamandau Wildlife Reserve (Lamandau WR) applies the soft-release method for the orangutan release process. Additional feed is provided every day. The correlation between animal-human interactions as part of the conservation efforts evaluation is essential to study. This study aimed to analyze the human-oriented behavior of the orangutan population in the Lamandau WR based on the observation sites (camp, feeding site, and forest) and the age-sex class of orangutans. This study also identified the factors that affected them. The study was conducted for five months (July-November 2019). During the observation, the factor of current age was suspected to affect human-oriented behavior. Human-oriented behavior is divided into three categories based on the orangutans' response: approaching, avoidance, and no response. The highest rates of human-oriented behavior in orangutans were approaching category. The highest promoting behavior was noticed at the camp and feeding site, especially young orangutans and mothers. Interest in humans can be explained by the 'captive effect' phenomenon where captive orangutans are more likely to independently explore the novelty (unfamiliar objects/foods) than their wild counterparts.
Occurrence of soil-inhabiting entomopathogenic fungi within a conventional and organic farm and their virulence against Spodoptera litura AMINUDIN AFANDHI; FERY ABDUL CHOLIQ; ITO FERNANDO; YOSEP MINAR ALBERT NANDUS MARPAUNG; YOGO SETIAWAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230263

Abstract

Abstract. Afandhi A, Choliq FA, Fernando I, Marpaung YMAN, Setiawan Y. 2022. Occurrence of soil-inhabiting entomopathogenic fungi within a conventional and organic farm and their virulence against Spodoptera litura. Biodiversitas 23: 1172-1180. Naturally occurring entomopathogenic fungi (EPF) are important components in agroecosystems as they serve as biocontrol agents of insect and mite pests. However, some cultivation practices may have deleterious effects on EPF. In this study, the occurrence of soil-inhabiting EPF was investigated between a conventional and organic farm. EPF was baited using Tenebrio molitor larvae, and their virulence was tested against Spodoptera litura larvae. The results showed a higher occurrence of EPF in the organic farm than the conventional farm, with Aspergillus sp., Beauveria sp., and Gliocladium sp. were exclusively found in organic soils. Among the twenty-five EPF isolates obtained, only four isolates were avirulent against S. litura larvae. Isolates belonging to Beauveria, Metarhizium, and Paecilomyces genera caused high mortality of S. litura larvae ranging from 40 to 65%. There was a significant positive relationship between the conidial viability of EPF and larval mortality. Since virulent isolates were found in conventional soils, efforts in preserving EPF prevalence are needed through the implementation of appropriate cultivation practices. The synthetic agrochemicals exclusion, organic fertilizers application, and crop rotation practiced in the organic farm should be integrated into any other agroecosystems as a form of conservation biological control strategies to strengthen the pest control service provided by EPF.
Short Communication: Evaluation of F6 generation of upland rice promising lines for drought stress tolerance ERIES DYAH MUSTIKARINI; TRI LESTARI; RATNA SANTI; GIGIH IBNU PRAYOGA; ZIKRI CAHYA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 7 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230712

Abstract

Abstract. Mustikarini ED, Lestari T, Santi R, Prayoga GI, Cahya Z. 2022. Short Communication: Evaluation of F6 generation of upland rice promising lines for drought stress tolerance. Biodiversitas 23: 3401-3406. Water is important in metabolic processes affecting rice crop growth and development. Drought stress can decrease rice production, necessitating the development ofdrought-tolerant varieties. Selection of drought-tolerant can be done during the critical period plant booting phase. Thisresearch aimed to determine promising linesof upland rice tolerant to drought stress. This research was conducted from December 2019 toMay 2020 at the experimental farmofthe Faculty of Agriculture, Fisheries and Biology, Universitas Bangka Belitung. The research was laid out in a completely randomized design with a single-factortreatment. The treatment was rice genotypes consisting of 10 lines and 2 checkvarieties; each was 3 replicates. The results showed that the droughtstressin the plant booting phase of rice plants significantly affected the plant heigh character of the plant, grains number per panicle, the weight of grain per panicle, the age of flowering, and harvest time, but gave no significant effect on the number of leaves, the number of productive tillers, roots length. The upland rice lines 23A-56-30-25-1, 23A-56-30-25-12, and 23A-56-30-25-13 showed good drought stress tolerance based on leaf rolling, leaf drying, crop yield, and plant growth percentage.
Identification of poisonous plants and their solutions for traditional livestock in Bojonegoro District, East Java, Indonesia ANGGI MUHTAR PRATAMA; OKTI HERAWATI; NURI RAHMA NURANISA; NURUL HANIFAH; AGUSTINA DWI WIJAYANTI; SATYAGUNA RAHMATULLAH; ELFIA NURAINI; AGUNG BUDIYANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 1 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230147

Abstract

Abstract. Pratama AM, Herawati O, Nuranisa NR, Hanifah N, Wijayanti AD, Rahmatullah S, Nurani E, Budiyanto A. 2021. Identification of poisonous plants and their solutions for traditional livestock in Bojonegoro District, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 446-452. Local farmers in Bojonegoro District use plants as the main food source and to treat several diseases for their livestock. However, they also comprise a large variety of poisonous plants known by a secondary chemical compound that causes death in the livestock. This study aims to identify the potentially poisonous plants to livestock and their veterinary importance. The study was conducted by interviewing local farmers as we require data as a source of information to provide an overview of their knowledge and experience about poisonous plants that can endanger livestock health. Respondents consisted of 40 local farmers from more than 20 livestock groups in Bojonegoro District. Data were analyzed by Frequency of Citation (Fic), Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), Frequency of Plant Part (FPP), Symptoms of Poisonous Plants Frequency (SPPF), Livestock Affected Frequency (LAF). A total of nine plants were identified and documented to have poisonous effects on livestock animals, namely leaf of lophatheri (Lophatherum gracile), leaf and tuber skin of cassava (Manihot esculenta), leaf of jack bean (Canavalia ensiformis), leaf of sorghum (Sorghum bicolor), leaf of Chinese albizia (Albizia chinensis), leaf of sweet potato (Ipomoea batatas), leaf of peanut (Arachis hypogaea), rotten fruit of (jackfruit Artocarpus heterophyllus), and leaf of winged bean (Psophocarpus tetragonolobus). Leaf of Lophatherum gracile was the most poisonous plant part for livestock. Furthermore, the leaves of plants are frequently poisonous. Bloating, hypersalivation, frothy mouth, death, and inappetence were among the frequently manifested signs by poisoned livestock. Moreover, this study showed that ruminants species were the most susceptible to poisoned animals. Improper handling of plants for animal feed is thought to trigger poisoning. Therefore a proper feeding preparation is needed before being given as forage. Although those plants can cause toxic effects on livestock, they have tremendous potential to become herbal medicine with the proper formulation.

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