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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,315 Documents
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Morphology, biology, and damage behaviors of nutsedge borer (Bactra venosana Zeller) in Tra Vinh Province, Vietnam HONG-UNG NGUYEN; QUOC-NAM PHAN; HOA-THAI DANG; THI-THANH-NGA SON; HONG-NUONG NGUYEN; THI-HONG-THUY NGUYEN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230218

Abstract

Abstract. Nguyen HU, Phan QN, Dang HT, Son TTN, Nguyen HN, Nguyen THT. 2021. Morphology, biology, and damage behaviors of nutsedge borer (Bactra venosana Zeller) in Tra Vinh Province, Vietnam. Biodiversitas 23: 733-741. Nutsedge borer, Bactra venosana Zeller (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), is a common pest of sedge in Tra Vinh Province. To control this species, its morphology, biology, and behaviors were investigated in Tra Vinh Province. The study was conducted with the aim of determining the information related to the Bactra venosana, as a basis for developing a strategy to manage this species by means of safety solutions. The study was carried out by surveying the behavior of nutsedge borer in sedge fields and determining their morphological and biological characteristics under laboratory conditions. The results showed that the eggs were 1.06 ± 0.17 mm (in length), 0.84 ± 0.16 (in width), oval, and white after turning pale yellow. Larvae progressed through 5 instars with body length and width of 1.20 ± 0.18 mm to 11.3 ± 1.23 mm and from 0.25 ± 0.05 to 1.05 ± 0.25 mm, respectively. Newly hatched larvae were dark yellow, and pupae were pale green. The male pupa was 7.75 ± 0.68 mm long, while the female was 8.46 ± 0.93 mm long, light green, and dark brown about to mature. The male adult of B. venosana was usually gray-brown and 7.70 ± 0.60 mm in body length, whereas the female adult was silver-gray, 8.41 ± 0.86 mm. The life cycle passed 35.9 ± 2.55 days in laboratory conditions. Under field conditions, eggs were laid scattered on the surface of the host plants. Larvae bored inside the stems of sedge. Newly damaged sedge plants had no symptoms at first whose bodies got soft, turned from light green to pale yellow, and gradually wilted and died.
Several local food plants with the potential as hosts for Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) Novri Nelly; Hasmiandy Hamid; Eka Candra Lina; Yunisman Yunisman; Hidrayani Hidrayani; Dwi Monica Widya Sari
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230361

Abstract

Abstract. Nelly N, Hamid H, Lina EC, Yunisman, Hidrayani, Widyasari DM. 2022. Several local food plants with the potential as hosts for Spodoptera frugiperda (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae). Biodiversitas 23: 1693-1699. Fall armyworm (Spodoptera frugiperda) or abbreviated as FAW is a major invasive pest of corn crops in America, its native country. Therefore, this study aims to examine the effect of several plant types as hosts on FAW biology and reproduction. It was conducted at the Insect Bioecology Laboratory, Department of Plant Protection, Andalas University using a completely randomized design (CRD) with 3 treatments and 4 replications. The FAW larvae from the field were fed with different plant leaves, namely corn (Zea mays), rice (Oryza sativa), soybeans (Glycine max), and reared until the second generation. Meanwhile, the larvae in the second generation were used as test insects with different feed treatments. Observations were made on the morphology and life parameters of FAW, including the length of the stadia, egg, larvae, pupae, and adult, as well as the laying time and pattern, with the number of eggs produced. The results showed that there were no morphological differences in S. frugiperda, except for the size. Moreover, the body size of the adult-derived from larvae fed with soybean leaves, namely 25.95 mm, was the smallest compared to corn and rice, while the shortest time for larvae development from instar I to VI was obtained with corn leaf feed for 13.55 days. The life span of females derived from larvae fed on soybean leaves was shorter than the others. Larvae fed on soybeans, female life span was 26.00, rice was 34.00 and corn was 31.44 days. Adult females of larvae given soybean leaves produced the highest number of eggs (879.44 eggs) compared to rice (505.00 eggs) and maize (546.33 eggs). Local food crops other than corn, namely rice and soybeans, can be potential hosts for S. frugiperda.
Documentation of the traditional Gayo food in Lokop Village, East Aceh, Indonesia RAMAIDANI RAMAIDANI; ZIDNI ILMAN NAVIA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 4 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230437

Abstract

Abstract. Ramaidani, Navia ZI. 2022. Documentation of the traditional Gayo food in Lokop Village, East Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 2017-2024. The Gayo Tribe community in Lokop Village, Serbajadi Sub-district, East Aceh, Indonesia, has known the traditional use of plants to meet food needs for a long time. However, this knowledge has not been widely documented. Therefore, it is necessary to conduct a study to document the typical food of the Gayo Tribe in Lokop Village, Serbajadi Sub-district, East Aceh, Indonesia. This study was conducted using the Snowball sampling method and semi-structured interviews involving 37 respondents. A total of 14 types of traditional Gayo food were documented, namely Cecah bajik, Cecah kekulit, Cecah ries, Jurung pengat, Masam jing, Apam, Berteh, Brahrum, Gutal, Lepat, Pulut berkerabu, Pulut manis, Pulut semplah, and Tumpi. In contrast, 52 plant species belonging to 46 genera and 31 families were used in traditional Gayo food. The most widely used family was Zingiberaceae with 5 species, the most widely used growth form was herb at 39%, and the most widely used plant parts were leaves and fruit, with 21% each. The frequency of using plants as the food was 100% for the species of Diplazium esculentum (Retz.) Sw. and Colocasia esculenta (L) Schott. The Gayo Tribe uses plants in their traditional food to contribute to economic value, health maintenance, and conservation efforts.
Screening of endophytic fungi as potential antagonistic agents of Pyricularia oryzae and evaluation of their ability in producing hydrolytic enzymes NOVIA DWI PUTRI; LILIEK SULISTYOWATI; LUQMAN QURATA AINI; ANTON MUHIBUDDIN; IRISA TRIANTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230248

Abstract

Abstract. Putri ND, Sulistyowati L, Aini LQ, Muhibuddin A, Trianti I. 2022. Screening of endophytic fungi as potential antagonistic agents of Pyricularia oryzae and evaluation of their ability in producing hydrolytic enzymes. Biodiversitas 23: 1048-1057. One of the most important phytopathogenic fungi is Pyricularia oryzae, as it is the causative agent of rice blast diseases, which is the most destructive and detrimental disease in rice. Biological control using endophytic fungi can be an alternative to control blast diseases. Endophytic fungi are fungi that colonize internal plant tissues without apparently damaging the host. The aim of this study was to isolate endophytic fungi that produce hydrolytic enzymes and to investigate their ability to suppress blast disease. In this study, fifty strains of endophytic fungi were successfully obtained from rice leaves. Three fungi with the highest inhibition against P. oryzae were identified as Trichoderma asperellum, Curvularia chiangmaiensis, and Fusarium solani by analyzing fungal ITS sequence. They can produce chitinase ranging from 1.43 to 151 ?g/mL and cellulase ranging from 1.83 to 4.09 ?g/mL, which were hydrolytic enzymes that account for the lysis of phytopathogens. This enzymatic activity can cause damage and degradation of cell walls. SEM results revealed that these endophytic fungi probably excreted wall lytic enzymes or antifungal substances, inflicting wrinkles and disintegrating P. oryzae mycelium.
Type and size of pollen collected by Tetragonula laeviceps at various altitudes Muachiroh Abbas; Sukarsa Sukarsa
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230347

Abstract

Abstract. Abbas M, Sukarsa. 2022. Type and size of pollen collected by Tetragonula laeviceps at various altitudes. Biodiversitas 23: 1567-1575. Pollen’s type and size are affected by altitude. No study about pollen types and sizes collected Tetragonula laeviceps at various altitudes in Banyumas District, Central Java, Indonesia. This study was aimed to analyze pollen types and sizes collected at various altitudes in Banyumas District. The pollen samples were collected using a random sampling technique at each altitude, namely 46.7 m asl, 317 m asl, and 912 m asl. The pollen samples were collected from flowers around and inside the nest, then prepared using acetolysis. The parameters include pollen morphology, pollen’s polar (P) diameter, and the pollen's equatorial (E) diameter. The morphological characteristics and pollen diameter were analyzed statistically using analysis of variance. Pollens’ type was not affected by altitudes. However, pollen’s diameter was significantly different among altitudes, with the largest pollen size was observed at the highest altitude and the smallest were observed at the lowest altitude. The data are vital for meliponid culture at various altitudes.
The oleaginous yeast Pichia manshurica isolated from Lansium domesticum fruit in Thailand and its fatty acid composition of single cell oil SONGSAK PLANONTH; AIYA CHANTARASIRI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230226

Abstract

Abstract. Planonth S, Chantarasiri A. 2022. The oleaginous yeast Pichia manshurica isolated from Lansium domesticum fruit in Thailand and its fatty acid composition of single cell oil. Biodiversitas 23: 801-809. Oleaginous microbes can accumulate intracellular lipids or single cell oils (SCOs) in quantities higher than 20% of their biomass. They can be a sustainable alternative to fossil fuels, biofuels, and oleochemicals. Studies concerning efficient oleaginous yeasts isolated from the natural environments remain scarce. Therefore, this study isolated and screened for efficient oleaginous yeasts from the surfaces of longkong fruit (Lansium domesticum) samples in Thailand. Their intracellular SCOs were extracted using an ultrasonic-assisted extraction (UAE) method and quantitatively analyzed. The SCO-accumulating yeasts (produce the amount of SCOs <20 % of their biomass) genetically identified were Candida jaroonii, Meyerozyma caribbica, Kodamaea ohmeri, and Pichia sp., while the oleaginous yeasts (produce the amount of SCOs >20% of their biomass) identified were Pichia manshurica and Hanseniaspora opuntiae. Several isolated yeasts were designated as rare oleaginous microbes. The P. manshurica strain Y2 was considered as the most effective oleaginous yeast with a SCO content of 43.03% (w/w). The fatty acids in the accumulated SCO of this strain were analyzed by gas chromatography (GC) that consisted of palmitic, stearic, oleic, linoleic, and palmitoleic acids. These fatty acids could be further applied in the production of third-generation biodiesel, cocoa butter equivalents, and related high-value oleochemicals.
Short Communication: Diversity and distribution of epiphytic orchid Dendrobium section Spatulata on the host plants in the Cycloop Mountain Nature Reserve of Papua, Indonesia AGUSTINA YOHANA SETYARINI AROBAYA; ERVIZAL A.M. ZUHUD; ISKANDAR Z. SIREGAR; IRAWATI IRAWATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 4 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230438

Abstract

Abstract. Arobaya AYS, Zuhud EAM, Siregar IZ, Irawati. 2022. Short Communication: Diversity and distribution of epiphytic orchid Dendrobium section Spatulata on the host plants in the Cycloop Mountain Nature Reserve of Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 2025-2034. Knowledge of species diversity and distribution is indispensable to assist in formulating a sound conservation strategy. This is truly significant for epiphytic orchids that grow on tree surfaces or phorophyte. The data and information are still limited despite their important role as biological indicators in forest ecosystems. The aim of the study was to carry out an inventory of epiphytic orchids and the phorophytes (host tress) in the Tropical Rain Forest of Cycloop Mountain Nature Reserve. The study took place in four sites located in the regency and city of Jayapura. Exploratory and sampling strip methods of 20x100 square meters were employed during the fieldwork. Orchids were observed and samples were collected based on their distribution in the host plants divided into five zones (Stem zone I and II; Crown zone III to V). The habitat's vegetation profiles were described using computer-aided design (CAD) verse 2018. Plant samples were identified in herbarium Manokwariense and the identified species were incorporated into CAD. Nineteen species of Dendrobium section Spatulata were identified as living as an epiphyte on the 12 phorophytes. These orchids and the host plants were described, determined and analyzed using PATN software. Most orchids are growing abundant in zone II and III. The phorophytes hosting the orchids in the lowland are mainly Syzygium and Intsia, while in the highland are Agathis and Podocarpus. Two types of vegetation profiles were described as savannah woodland in the low land area and coniferous trees vegetation in the highland above 650 m above sea level.
Genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of Khiew-Phalee chickens based on mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene sequences Siriwadee Phromnoi; Preeda Lertwatcharasarakul; Sakuna Phattanakunanan
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230220

Abstract

Abstract. Phromnoi S, Lertwatcharasarakul P, Phattanakunanan S. 2021. Genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of Khiew-Phalee chickens based on mitochondrial DNA cytochrome b gene sequences. Biodiversitas 23: 750-756. Khiew-Phalee Chickens (Gallus gallus) is a Thai indigenous breed, locally recognized for its economic value as an important source of revenue generation. As the Khiew-Phalee chicken cannot be accurately identified by morphological characterization, molecular methods for species identification are generally thought to be complementary and more effective than relying on the method alone. Molecular characterization of Khiew-Phalee Chickens was investigated using mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) cytochrome b (Cyt b) gene analysis. Partial sequences of the 1,037 bp Cyt b gene were determined on 55 specimens of Khiew-Phalee chickens. The breed's genetic diversity was assessed based on the number of polymorphic sites, number of haplotypes, haplotype diversity, nucleotide diversity, and average number of differences. In addition, a neighbor-joining (NJ) haplotype tree was constructed based on Kimura's two-parameter model. Haplotype and nucleotide diversity of Khiew-Phalee chickens were 0.597 and 0.00068, respectively. Five haplotypes were identified from 4 polymorphic sites with polymorphism at nucleotides 501, 507, 543, and 1,095. Phylogenetic analysis with the inclusion of the Cyt b gene nucleotide sequences from Khiew-Phalee chickens and native chickens from the GenBank database showed that Khiew-Phalee chickens belonged to Gallus gallus. It was closest to the indigenous chicken in South East Asia. The phylogenetic tree indicated the genetic variability of the investigated Khiew-Phalee chicken populations. This study may help future researchers and livestock breeders to design a breeding program based on a better understanding of the genetic diversity and history of indigenous breeds.
Performance of tomato M7 mutant lines and their similarities to the parents based on SSR markers PUTRI NUR ARRUFITASARI; SURJONO HADI SUTJAHJO; DESTA WIRNAS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 3 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230307

Abstract

Abstract. Arrufitasari PN, Sutjahjo SH, Wirnas D. 2022. Performance of tomato M7 mutant lines and their similarities to the parents based on SSR markers. Biodiversitas 23: 1239-1245. Tomato cultivation in the lowlands can be an alternative to increase tomato production so that high-yielding and lowland adaptive varieties are required. This study was aiming at determining the performance of  M7 mutant lines and their similarities to the parents based on SSR markers. The experiments were conducted at KP Leuwikopo (250 m asl) and Plant Molecular Biology Laboratory, IPB University, Indonesia. The results showed that the G4 line had the highest productivity among the tested genotypes (36.72 ton ha-1) and significantly differed from all check varieties. The highest number of fruit per plant was 51.67 in the G7 line. On the other hand, G2, G3, G7, G8, and G10 lines had the lowest percentage weight and the number of fruits cracking and were not significantly different from the check varieties (Tora and Mawar). A total of 7 SSR primers detected 87 alleles with a range of 7-15 alleles per locus. The similarity between mutant lines and their parents ranged from 44-69%. The mutant most closely resembled the parent was the G3 line, while the most different based on molecular markers was the G9 line.
Genetic diversity of commercial sea cucumbers Stichopus (Echinoderm: Stichopodidae) based on DNA Barcoding in Karimunjawa, Indonesia Bambang Sulardiono; Agus Hartoko; Arifah Nur Aini; Dyah Wulandari; Anto Budiharjo
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 2 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230234

Abstract

Abstract. Sulardiono B, Hartoko A, Aini AN, Wulandari D, Budiharjo A. 2021. Genetic diversity of commercial sea cucumbers Stichopus (Echinoderm: Stichopodidae) based on DNA Barcoding in Karimunjawa, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 922-927. DNA barcoding has proven a sufficient tool for species identification in varied groups of marine invertebrates, including crustaceans, mollusks, polychaetes, and echinoderms. The outdated system of morphological identification of the Stichopus spp. group is generally based on color patterns, causing confusion in identification. This study aimed to investigate genetic diversity, confirm the species identification, and examine phylogenetic relationships of the Stichopus genus (Echinoderm: Stichopodae) in the Karimunjawa Sea, by analyzing DNA sequence variation at cytochrome C oxidase subunit I (COI) in mitochondrial DNA and internal transcribed spacers (ITS). This genetic information is very helpful in inventorying and mapping commercial sea cucumber resources in Karimunjawa to support conservation efforts. Three types of sea cucumbers from the genus Stichopus were found, with different local names, namely Crengek gamete, Pace gamete, and Kuning gamete. The results of DNA extraction from the three samples showed that the DNA from soft bone tissue had a better level of purity and concentration than body tissue. The COI phylogenetic tree analysis showed that these samples with different local names were closely related to Stichopus monotuberculatus. Therefore, it is necessary to conserve the resources of the S. monotuberculatus in the management of Karimunjawa sea.

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