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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,315 Documents
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Influence of land cover types on soil quality and carbon storage in Moramo Education Estate, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia SYAMSU ALAM; SAHTA GINTING; M. TUFAILA HEMON; SITTI LEOMO; LAODE MUHAMMAD HARJONI KILOWASID; JUFRI KARIM KARIM; YUSANTO NUGROHO; JERIELS MATATULA; PANDU YUDHA ADI PUTRA WIRABUANA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 9 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230901

Abstract

Abstract. Alam S, Ginting S, Hemon MT, Leomo S, Kilowasid LMH, Karim J, Nugroho Y, Matatula J, Wirabuana PYAP. 2022. Influence of land cover types on soil quality and carbon storage in Moramo Education Estate, Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 4371-4376. This study investigated the influence of different land cover types on soil quality and carbon storage in Moramo Education Estate (MEE). Information is required as fundamental consideration to determine the best landscape management strategies for supporting soil conservation and climate change mitigation. Data were collected from three types of land cover generally found in this area, including forests, shrubs, and savannas. Three permanent sampling plots were randomly placed in every land cover as replicates with a size of 20 m × 20 m. Six parameters were used to describe the soil quality, i.e., soil acidity, soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus, exchangeable potassium, and cation exchange capacity. The above and belowground carbon storage from every plot was quantified. The soil quality and carbon storage among land cover types were compared using analysis of variance and Tukey’s honestly significant difference. Pearson’s correlation analysis was also applied to evaluate the relationship between soil quality and carbon storage. The results show that soil quality significantly differed in the exchangeable potassium and cation exchange capacity. A similar trend was also demonstrated in aboveground carbon storage. The highest average carbon storage was recorded in forests (150.50 ± 27.79 t ha?1), followed by shrubs (52.50 ± 15.02 t ha?1) and savannas (45.97 ± 4.42 t ha?1). The total carbon storage at different land covers was significantly correlated to soil acidity, available phosphorus, and cation exchange capacity. Carbon storage improved with the increased available phosphorus and cation exchange capacity. In contrast, carbon storage was negatively correlated with soil acidity. Overall, the land cover types significantly influenced soil quality and carbon storage in MEE.
In situ conservation challenges of Brackenridgea zanguebarica Oliv.: A South African case study MARULA TRIUMPH RASETHE
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 8 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230803

Abstract

Abstract. Rasethe MT. 2022. In situ conservation challenges of Brackenridgea zanguebarica Oliv.: A South African case study. Biodiversitas 23: 3876-3883. This qualitative study probed the factors that are hindering the successful management of Brackenridgea zanguebarica Oliv, a South African plant that is listed as Critically Endangered on the South African Red Data List. The plant is restricted to one state-owned nature reserve in the Limpopo province, South Africa. Brackenridgea zanguebarica is a threatened medicinal plant sought after by laypeople and traditional healers and often found in muthi markets across South Africa. In this country, this species is confined to the Thengwe village in the Vhembe district of the Limpopo province. Information on this species was collected using semi-structured questionnaires and focus group discussions during face-to-face interviews with all conservationists employed in the state-owned nature reserve. The interviews were complemented by extensive field observation on the population status of B. zanguebarica across the reserve. The results showed that B. zanguebarica is mainly being managed using environmental regulations and patrols in reserve to arrest and charge persons found in the reserve harvesting B. zanguebarica. The reserve only has seven permanent officials. They do their work without firearms to protect themselves from poachers and no cars are used during patrols due to the lack of proper roads in the mountainous area. The conservation officers mentioned that there is always new evidence of illegal harvesting of B. zanguebarica across the nature reserve. Field observation of the harvested populations indicated high levels of unsustainable harvesting. The harvesting reported by conservation officials and observed is of concern and will increase the risk of extinction of this species. The implementation of regulations as the sole management tool for this species in the Brackenridgea Nature Reserve is not enough, resulting in a situation where the current management of B. zanguebarica in reserve is not effective.
Farmers' lives and adaptation strategies toward the forest and peatland fires in Indonesia: Evidence from Central and South Kalimantan, Indonesia ZUHUD ROZAKI; ETI DEWI NOPEMBERENI; LESTARI RAHAYU; NUR RAHMAWATI; MAHARANI LULU MURHIDAYAH; TRISTYA MEIRANI REJEKI; AHMAD SHABUDIN ARIFFIN; SOFA NUR AZIZAH; MALOSE MOSES TJALE
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 5 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230515

Abstract

Abstract. Rozaki Z, Nopembereni ED, Rahayu L, Rahmawati N, Murhidayah ML, Rejeki TM, Ariffin AS, Azizah SN, Tjale MM. 2022. Farmers' lives and adaptation strategies toward the forest and peatland fires in Indonesia: Evidence from Central and South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 2379-2388. The frequency of forest and peatland fires in Kalimantan is high yearly, impacting many farmers’ agricultural activities and the environment, especially in the dry season. Farmers conduct agricultural activities in this vulnerable area. This study aimed to analyze farmers’ livelihood and adaptation strategies in Central and South Kalimantan, an area prone to forest and peatland fires. The sample comprised 200 farmers as respondents while the data were collected using a semi-structured questionnaire and analyzed using descriptive and rank spearman analysis. The results showed that the willingness to adapt, community resilience, and government support play important roles in dealing with forest and peatland fires. Therefore, inter-stakeholder coordination should be conducted appropriately for effective risk management to benefit farmers and all impacted parties.
Interspecific and intraspecific cross-compatibility of Durio kutejensis and hybrid Durio zibethinus x kutejensis Rudarmono Rudarmono; NOER RAHMI ARDIARINI; BUDI WALUYO; SUMERU ASHARI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 4 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230416

Abstract

Abstract. Rudarmono, Ardiarini NR, Waluyo B, Ashari S. 2022. Interspecific and Intraspecific cross-compatibility of Durio kutejensis and hybrid Durio zibethinus x kutejensis. Biodiversitas 23: 1837-1843. Lai (Durio kutejensis) and Mandong (Durio zibethinus x kutejensis) fruits that have advantages and high consumer preference values. Fruit productivity and development of Lai and Mandong plant varieties are still not optimal. The aim of this study was to analyze the level of incompatibility of interspecific and intraspecific crosses between Lai (D. kutejensis) and Mandong (D. zibethinus x kutejensis hybrid) plants. Artificial crosses were made utilizing flower samples from Mahakam, Kutai, and Batuah types of Lai plants, as well as Mandong varieties of Mandong, employing a scheme of 20 crossings that included a combination of these varieties (12 treatments), as well as each variety from the same flower and tree (8 treatments). The intensity level and incompatibility classification were determined according to Wang's (1963) method, which was based on the number of fruits formed from artificial crosses, and the pollen incompatibility intensity level (IIL) was determined according to the ratio of flowers that produced fruit from the cross to the total number of flowers crossed. The results showed that overall crosses of the same flower (selfing) from three varieties of Lai and one variety of Mandong were incompatible. Lai Mahakam x Lai Batuah crosses yielded 14.28 % harvested fruit, Lai Mahakam x Lai Mahakam crosses yielded 18.75 % harvested fruit, Lai Kutai x Lai Kutai crossings yielded 14.81 % harvested fruit, while a cross of Durian Mandong x Lai Batuah yielded 16.67 % harvested fruit. It shows partially compatible. The complete compatibility value showed the number of harvested fruit ranged from 23.44 to 46.77%, with the most significant being obtained from a Lai Mahakam x Durian Mandong cross. The Mahakam, Kutai, Batuah, and Mandong varieties are compatible with all pollen sources.
Cassava starch/bacterial cellulose-based bioplastics with Zanthoxylum acanthopodium SAHARMAN GEA; KHATARINA MELDAWATI PASARIBU; APPEALWAN ALTRUISTIS SARUMAHA; SRI RAHAYU
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 5 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230542

Abstract

Abstract. Gea S, Pasaribu KM, Sarumaha AA, Rahayu S. 2022. Cassava starch/bacterial cellulose-based bioplastics with Zanthoxylum acanthopodium. Biodiversitas 23: 2601-2608. The use of conventional plastics has become one of the biggest environmental problems because of their difficulties in decomposing. Bioplastics are plastics that are decompose easily in nature as they are naturally sourced. The purpose of this research was to create antimicrobial bioplastics from cassava starch with the addition of bacterial cellulose (BC) as a reinforcement material and Zanthoxylum acanthopodium (andaliman) as an antibacterial agent. Furthermore, this study determines the optimal concentration of BC and the antibacterial effect of Z. acanthopodium extract in bioplastics produced by the solution casting method. The addition of BC to bioplastics changed the properties of bioplastics, according to FTIR, XRD, TGA, SEM, and tensile strength analysis. Mechanical analysis showed an increase in tensile strength with higher amount of BC. The best tensile strength was observed in CS2BCA sample (2.34 MPa). The antibacterial test of bioplastic samples showed good inhibition zone (10.8 mm) against Bacillus cereus.
The potential of Lactobacillus buchneri isolated from spontaneous rabbit meat fermented - bekasam against Salmonella typhimurium by in vivo evaluation EKA WULANDARI; HUSMY YURMIATI; TOTO SUBROTO; OKTA WISMANDANU; SHAFIA KHAIRANI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 5 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230508

Abstract

Abstract. Wulandari E, Yurmiati H, Subroto T, Wismandanu O, Khairani S. 2022. The potential of Lactobacillus buchneri isolated from spontaneous rabbit meat fermented - bekasam against Salmonella typhimurium by in vivo evaluation. Biodiversitas 23: 2304-2310. Rabbit meat bekasam is a traditional fermented food and is considered a healthy and functional food due to its nutrient content and microorganism. Lactic acid bacteria (LAB) was dominant microorganism and Lactobacillus buchneri E3 is one of LAB isolated during fermentation of the bekasam. Lactobacillus buchneri E3 has antimicrobial activity against pathogen bacteria. The present study aimed to investigate in vivo assessment of antimicrobial activity against Salmonella typhimurium using BALB/c mice. Oral administrations of three doses of L. buchneri E3(108, 109, and 1010 CFU/day/mouse) were performed for seven consecutive days. On the 8th day, each animal was inoculated with a single S. typhimurium, and on the 13th day, the mice were sacrificed for observation. The result showed that oral administration of L. buchneri E3 significantly increased the total population of LAB, significantly decreased S. typhimurium populations in the intestines, liver, and spleen, while increasing beneficial bacterial population and maintaining the normal hematology in the mice. The probiotic also maintained the histological examination of spleen and liver. These suggest that L. buchneri E3 is safe and could be used as the starter for fermentation products.
Morphological characteristic of malaria vector Anopheles aconitus (Family: Culicidae) revealed by advanced light and scanning electron microscope Supriyono Supriyono; Susi Soviana; Dimas Novianto; Muhammad Falikhul Musyaffa; Suriyani Tan; Upik Kesumawati Hadi
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 7 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230730

Abstract

Abstract. Supriyomo, Soviana S, Novianto D, Musyaffa MF, Tan S, Hadi UK. 2022. Morphological characteristic of malaria vector Anopheles aconitus (Family: Culicidae) revealed by advanced light and scanning electron microscope. Biodiversitas 23: 3546-3552. Anopheles aconitus (An. aconitus) is one of the primary vectors for malaria in several areas in Indonesia, especially in Java Island. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) is a powerful tool that can differentiate Anopheles spp. Morphology that is difficult to identify by using a light microscope only. The adult of An. aconitus used in this study have been reared in the laboratory. This research is conducted to better understand the Anopheles aconitus' external morphology, such as the head, proboscis, wings, thorax and legs, using advanced light and SEM. Results from an advanced light microscope showed that An. aconitus has palpus with the same length as proboscis with one narrow basal end and two broad distal ends; meanwhile, the apical half of proboscis is pale. Anopheles aconitus has wings with four pale spots on the costa side. Legs are uniformly dark with only very narrow, rather faint pale bands at the joining of segments. Using SEM, we found several types of sensilla trichodea: short-sharp tipped, short-blunt tipped, and long-shaped tipped in antenna, apical proboscis, maxillary palps, abdomen, and legs. Antenna is also covered with microtrichia and sensilla. This research is important for basic necessity in fully understanding and determining of mosquito bionomic due to the development of effective and efficient mosquito vector control strategies.
Potential of Bacillus subtilis potato isolate as biocontrol agent of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and candidate for nanosuspension formula HERU ADI DJATMIKO; DHADHANG WAHYU KURNIAWAN; NUR PRIHATININGSIH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 7 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230701

Abstract

Abstract. Djatmiko HA, Kurniawan DW, Prihatiningsih N. 2022. Potential of Bacillus subtilis potato isolate as biocontrol agent of Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae and candidate for nanosuspension formula. Biodiversitas 23: 3313-3317. Bacillus subtilis potato isolate was able to be an antagonist of plant pathogens. The aims of this study were (i) to examine the potential of potato isolate B. subtilis as a control for Xanthomonas oryzae pv. oryzae (Xoo) as a pathogen rice bacterial leaf blight, (ii) determine the inhibition mechanism of their isolates, (iii) evaluate the best B. subtilis to make nanosuspension formula. The method was carried out in a completely randomized design with 5 treatments of B. subtilis potato isolates B46, B209, B211, B298, and B315, repeated 4 times. Xoo and five B. subtilis were grown in nutrient broth medium in a shaker. Xoo and B. subtilis were grown in yeast peptone glucose agar medium by the diffusion method. Xoo was inoculated on medium, and then a 5 mm diameter filter paper immersed with B. subtilis suspension was placed on the medium. The best B. subtilis as a controller was used to formulate into nanosuspension. The variables were zone of inhibition, inhibition mechanism and antibiosis index. The results showed that only three B. subtilis were able to inhibit the growth of Xoo, namely B211, B298 and B315 isolates. The highest (10 mm) inhibition zone was recorded by B. subtilis B315 isolate. The mechanism of inhibition of the three isolates of B. subtilis against Xoo was bacteriostatic. The antibiosis index of B. subtilis B315 against Xoo was 1 (strong). The selected B. subtilis B315 was developed as a nanosuspension formula with inhibition zone of 2.1 mm and antibiosis index was 0.42.
Effects of water parameters on population structure of mud crab from Buntal Mangroves, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia: A GLM analysis ABANG MOHAMMAD HUDZAIFAH ABANG SHAKAWI; RUHANA HASSAN; DURRAH SYAZWANI MUSTAPAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 5 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230539

Abstract

Abstract. Shakawi AMHA, Hassan R, Mustapah DS. 2022. Effects of water parameters on population structure of mud crab from Buntal Mangroves, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia: A GLM analysis. Biodiversitas 23: 2580-2585. Buntal Mangroves, Kuching, Sarawak, Malaysia, is an area that is abundant with biological resources but contains minimal biodiversity information. Mud crab fisheries by the locals exist on small scales at Buntal Mangroves, but there is a tendency to overfish due to the increasing demand for this resource. The relationship between the population structure of mud crabs and the environmental factors in Buntal Mangroves has not been explored. Therefore, this study aimed to apply the generalized linear models (GLM) for analyzing the population structure of mud crabs with selected water parameters in Buntal Mangroves. Scylla olivacea (Herbst, 1796) has the highest abundance in Buntal compared to S. tranquebarica (Fabricius, 1798) and other types of mud crab. Three GLM with carapace length, carapace width, and body weight as dependent variables were constructed. These GLMs with gamma-distributed response variables indicated that depth, pH, salinity, and turbidity positively affected body weight, carapace width, and carapace length, while temperature had a negative impact on the dependent variables. The results emphasized the importance of adopting the GLM to describe a relationship where the response variable followed a non-normal distribution. The findings provide a basis for future studies at Buntal Mangroves, not only for conservation purposes but also to support the utilization of this valuable resource sustainably.
Early field growth performance of ten selected bamboo taxa: The case study of Sabal bamboo pilot project in Sarawak, Malaysia NURUL HUSNA MOHD HASSAN; NIZAM ABDULLAH; DAYANG NORZIEYANA AWANG KELANA; MUGUNTHAN PERUMAL
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 23 No. 6 (2022)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d230614

Abstract

Abstract. Hassan NHM, Abdullah N, Kelana DNA, Perumal M. 2022. Early field growth performance of ten selected bamboo taxa: The case study of Sabal bamboo pilot project in Sarawak, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 23: 2882-2892. Information on early growth performance and survival rate of bamboos are pivotal for the development of the Sarawak bamboo industry. Thus, a study on the early growth performance of ten bamboo taxa was conducted at the Sarawak Bamboo Pilot Project site in Sabal, Simunjan, Sarawak, Malaysia. Six taxa were originated from Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and the other four bamboo taxa were originated locally from Sarawak. Study sites were established at bamboo plantation areas at different age stands. Two replications of data for each taxon involving 50 readings (25 readings for one replication) were measured and quantified for growth parameters of the number of culms per clump, number of new shoots, culm diameter, and culm height. The findings indicated that Gigantochloa hasskarliana (Busi bamboo) had the highest number of culms per clump (43) while Guadua angustifolia (Duri bamboo) had the highest number of new bamboo shoots (2.93). Nonetheless, Dendrocalamus asper (Green) had the highest culm diameter (3.61 cm) while Bambusa balcooa (Bema bamboo) had the highest culm height (8.36 m). The results showed that different bamboo species have different early growth performances, thus further detailed investigation and long-term monitoring period are required to achieve the commercial plantation scale, especially in Sarawak.

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