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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,315 Documents
 418   419   420   421   422 
Serratia marcescens strain NPKC3_2_21 as endophytic phosphate solubilizing bacteria and entomopathogen: Promising combination approach as rice biofertilizer and biopesticide G. SUTIO; A. NUR AFIFAH; R. MAHARANI; M. BASRI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240228

Abstract

Abstract. Sutio G, Afifah AN, Maharani R, Basri M. 2023. Serratia marcescens strain NPKC3_2_21 as endophytic phosphate solubilizing bacteria and entomopathogen: promising combination approach as rice biofertilizer and biopesticide. Biodiversitas 24: 901-909. Accumulation insoluble Phosphorus (P) and rice stem borer pest (Scirpophaga innotata) are two of the primary constraints in rice (Oryza sativa) production systems. The availability of soluble forms of P for plants in the soils is limited because it is fixed as insoluble P by iron (Fe) and aluminum (Al) in acidic soil as well as calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in alkaline soil causing P accumulation in the soil. Another problem is the rice pest which caused the most by rice stem borer (Scirpophaga innotata), should take in the first place because causing annual losses of the rice crop. Besides, soil acidity can affect the growth of bacteria in soil and pest management. The study highlighted the contribution of Serratia marcescens strain NPKC3_2_21 as endophytic root-associated microorganisms in solubilizing P to enhance the availability of P in soil for the plant. Besides, we investigated the effect of entomopathogenic bacteria Serratia marcescens strain NPKC3_2_21 on pests Spodoptera litura as a contribution to the knowledge of the efficacy of Serratia marcescens strain NPKC3_2_21 as an entomopathogenic bacteria for pest controlling management in rice plant. In addition, we assessed the growth ability of Serratia marcescens strain NPKC3_2_21 in alkaline, neutral and acid pH conditions as an indicator that these bacteria are able to be grown at various pH conditions. These analyses revealed that Serratia marcescens strain NPKC3_2_21 has potential as 1) endophyte that can enter with no visible harmful effects for plants, 2) P-solubilizing bacteria that enhance the availability of P in soil by producing organic acids, and 3) entomopathogenic bacteria to insects. Besides, Serratia marcescens strain NPKC3_2_21 can grow in the soil at various pH (acid, neutral and alkaline) conditions. Therefore, we suggested the bacterium Serratia marcescens strain NPKC3_2_21 might be an alternative strategy to enhance available P taken up by the roots, besides be a promising role as bio-insecticide applied in rice crops.
Estimating the visitor’s willingness to pay towards biodiversity conservation at Kuala Lumpur Forest Eco Park, Malaysia, using the Contingent Valuation Method FAZILAH MUSA; INTAN NURSUHADA MOHD SHAHRUDIN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 7 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240705

Abstract

Abstract. Musa F, Shahrudin INM. 2023. Estimating the visitor’s willingness to pay towards biodiversity conservation at Kuala Lumpur Forest Eco Park, Malaysia, using the Contingent Valuation Method. Biodiversitas 24: 3690-3699. The Kuala Lumpur Forest Eco Park is within the Bukit Nanas Forest Reserve, Malaysia's oldest and most biodiverse hill dipterocarp forest. The destruction of urban greenery in the heart of Kuala Lumpur has prompted stakeholders to conserve this forest as urban ecotourism areas for recreational, educational, and research activities. Due to the absence of a market, the economic value of biodiversity cannot be quantified in monetary terms from an economic perspective. Therefore, it will be difficult for stakeholders to justify the cost of conservation in their management in the future. This study's objective was to determine the economic value of biodiversity conservation at Kuala Lumpur Forest Eco Park by determining a visitor's Willingness to Pay (WTP) using the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM). A total of 250 questionnaires were distributed randomly to both international and domestic tourists to conduct this study. Five bid prices were chosen for domestic and international visitors based on the Logit Model's estimation of the visitor's WTP for biodiversity conservation. This study indicates that most visitors are willing to pay for biodiversity conservation influenced by religion, marital status, income, employment, and education. Furthermore, the results indicate that the WTP's mean and median per visit are MYR3.81 and MYR2.58 based on domestic visitor data. Consequently, this research may aid decision-makers in managing the financial strategy for biodiversity conservation activities. Thus, the conservation fee that visitors can accept based on their willingness to pay will further boost visitors' future visits to the Kuala Lumpur Forest Eco Park.
Application of organic fertilizer enriched with Trichoderma harzianum on shallot (Allium cepa) cultivation in ultisols NUNI GOFAR; TRI P. NUR; SHINTA D. I. PERMATASARI; SITI MUSLIMAH; HAMDHANIE FIKRI; ANUNG HARYONO; PUJIATI PUJIATI; HANA ALFIANITA UTAMI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 4 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240458

Abstract

Abstract. Gofar N, Nur TP, Permatasari SDI, Muslimah S, Fikri H, Haryono A, Pujiati, Utami HA. 2023. Application of organic fertilizer enriched with Trichoderma harzianum on shallot (Allium cepa) cultivation in ultisols. Biodiversitas 24: 2426-2433. Shallot is a critical commodity with substantial economic value. However, several factors, such as pests and diseases, negatively impact its low productivity. Therefore, to address these challenges, the agricultural sector is developing an organic fertilizer enriched with the biological agent Trichoderma harzianum. This biological agent improves soil fertility, controls Fusarium wilt, and enhances shallot production. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of organic fertilizer enriched with Trichoderma harzianum in suppressing the growth of Fusarium oxysporum and increasing shallot production. Therefore, it included five treatments of organic fertilizer enriched with Trichoderma harzianum at varying concentrations of 0, 200, 300, 400, and 500 kg ha-1. The results showed that applying 400 kg ha-1 organic fertilizer enriched with Trichoderma harzianum suppressed the Fusarium wilt. The dose of 500 kg ha-1 had the highest pH value of 5.50-5.78 among other treatments and increased 55.7% shallot production on Ultisols compared to the application of NPK 16-16-16. Based on these results, organic fertilizer enriched with Trichoderma harzianum could improve soil fertility, increase production and control the Fusarium wilt on shallot.
Analysis of land cover change due to mining and its potential economic loss: A case study in the Bukit Soeharto Forest Park, East Kalimantan, Indonesia SUNARTO SUNARTO; MARLON I. AIPASSA; RUJEHAN RUJEHAN; ALI SUHARDIMAN; ROCHADI KRISTININGRUM; YOSEP RUSLIM; WULAN IR SARI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240262

Abstract

Abstract. Sunarto, Aipassa MI, Rujehan, Suhardiman A, Kristiningrum R, Ruslim Y, Sari WI. 2023. Analysis of land cover change due to mining and its potential economic loss: A case study in the Bukit Soeharto Forest Park, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 1206-1214. The Bukit Soeharto Forest Park in East Kalimantan, Indonesia, was once a conservation area but experienced annual land cover changes due to natural causes and human activities such as land clearing and mining. These changes can have economic, social, and environmental impacts. Therefore, this research aimed to analyze changes in land cover and potential economic losses from forest degradation due to mining in Bukit Soeharto research and Education Forest (BSREF) of Mulawarman University. It was conducted from April to October 2022, and the land cover analysis was performed using a series of maps from 2016 to 2022, which were classified based on an overlay technique with the aid of a GIS computer program. The economic valuation of environmental damage was calculated using guidelines from the Regulation of the Minister of Environment No. 7/2014, with a modified method based on the full cost principle. The results showed that the BSREF land, which covers 20,271 ha, experienced changes in the function of the area, with 702.86 ha being converted, resulting in a total economic valuation of environmental damage of approximately 29.6 trillion rupiah due to mining. Therefore, firm action from the local government is necessary to half further conversion and ensure the proper functioning of BSREF as a conservation area.
Diversity of dinoflagellate cysts isolated from estuarine sediments of the Bengawan Solo and Brantas rivers, Indonesia SAPTO ANDRIYONO; NITA RUKMINASARI; ANDI ALIAH HIDAYANI; INDRA JUNAIDI ZAKARIA; MD. JOBAIDUL ALAM; HYUN-WOO KIM KIM
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240248

Abstract

Abstract. Andriyono S, Rukminasari N, Hidayani AA, Zakaria IJ, Alam MDJ, Kim HW. 2023. Diversity of dinoflagellate cysts isolated from estuarine sediments of the Bengawan Solo and Brantas rivers, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 1083-1091. Dinoflagellates are a major part of the phytoplankton and are commonly found in freshwater, brackish, and marine habitats and are major components that play an important role in marine ecosystems. Dinoflagellate cysts (dinocysts) are produced by dinoflagellates in an unfavourable environment and can be preserved well in sediments for long periods. More than 200 dinoflagellate species have been observed to produce resting cysts. That cyst is associated with the maintenance, discontinuation, and repetition of annual blooms. This study identified dinoflagellate cysts based on the morphological characteristics collected from the estuaries of the Brantas and Bengawan Solo rivers. Analysis of cyst diversity in the two regions shows that the Bengawan Solo River mouth has a higher Shannon-Wiener index compared to the Brantas river mouth. The type of dinoflagellate cyst that dominates at the mouth of the Bengawan Solo River is Protoperidinium obtusum, while that at the mouth of the Brantas River is Polykrikos schwartzii. Shade graph analysis shows a number of species to be found only in the estuary of the Bengawan Solo River, namely Zygabikodinium lenticulatum, Polykrikos kofoidii, Protoperidinium pentagonum, Gymnodinium catenatum, and Votadinium sp. Based on the results of this study, it is necessary to carry out DNA characteristic tests of isolated and cultured species to document genetic information. In addition, this information is very important in the management of coastal areas around the estuaries of the Bengawan Solo and Brantas rivers to prevent dinoflagellate population explosions that may have negative impacts on various sectors.
Morphology and morphometric diversity of three local goats in Gorontalo, Indonesia FAHRUL ILHAM; GATOT CIPTADI; TRI EKO SUSILORINI; WIDYA PINTAKA BAYU PUTRA; SUYADI SUYADI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 3 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240305

Abstract

Abstract. Ilham F, Ciptadi G, Susilorini TE, Putra WPB, Suyadi S. 2023. Morphology and morphometric diversity of three local goats in Gorontalo, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 1366-1375. This research aimedto identify morphology and morphometric, as well as body indices and measurements markers, for use inlocal goats selection program in Gorontalo, Indonesia. The samples consisted of 37 Etawah Crossbreed, 96 Local Gorontalo, and 40 Kacang goats raised by traditional semi-intensive breeders. The morphological variables observed included feather color, color combination pattern, nose, ear shape, horn, beard, tail direction, and morphometric variables observed were withers height, hip height, hip width, body length, chest width, chest depth, chest girth, ear length, and ear width. The qualitative morphology was analyzed with descriptive method with Chi-squared test. While, the morphometrics of goat was used for calculating the body indices and principal component analysis.The results of the chi-square analysis showed significant differences in qualitative morphology among the three observed breeds (p<0.05), except for the presence of horns, beards, and the direction of the tail. The body measurements of Local Gorontalo goats were significantly different from those of Kacang goats except for chest depth. The only difference between the Etawah Crossbreed and the other two breeds included body weight,wither height, hip height, body length, ear length,and ear width (p<0.05). The three local goats had a long body length and legs, with a waist higher than the shoulders. Meanwhile,the medigline classification was only for Local Gorontalo and Kacang goats that had good thoracic development. The conformation index of the three local goat breeds had a significant correlation with body weight. The variables with the best contribution from the first component that can be considered sequentially in the selection program for Etawah Crossbreed goats, Local Gorontalo, and Kacang goats were body length, chest girth, and wither high. For the second component, the variables included ear length and chest width, while that of the third component in Kacang goats wasear length.
Flowering and fruiting phenology of Anaxagorea luzonensis A. Gray (Annonaceae) DEWI AYU LESTARI; LINDA WIGE NINGRUM; MAFTUKHAKH HILMYA NADA; NARESVARA NIRCELA PRADIPTA; DIAN RAKHMAWATI HARSONO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240214

Abstract

Abstract. Lestari DA, Ningrum LW, Nada FMH, Pradipta NN, Harsono DR. 2023. Flowering and fruiting phenology of Anaxagorea luzonensis A. Gray (Annonaceae). Biodiversitas 24: 784-792. Anaxagorea luzonensis is one of the critical plant collections from the Annonaceae family, with only one specimen in Purwodadi Botanic Garden (PBG). In protecting these plants, it is necessary to know the process of flowering and fruiting through the phenological process. This research is expected to observe plant propagation, physiology, environmental response, and increased reproductive success. The aim of this research is to know the details of flowering and fruiting phenology stages, determine reproductive success, and explain the floral biology of A. luzonensis. Research on the flowering and fruiting phenology of A. luzonensis was carried out from December 2021 – November 2022 in one season at PBG. The method is observative, including changes in color, shape, and size of flowers and fruit in each phenological stage. In addition, the method includes the count of reproductive success and observation of the A. luzonensis flower. This study's results stated that the flowering and fruiting phenology of A. luzonensis experienced a shorter flowering time than fruiting time and a low percentage (<30%) of reproductive success. Flowering stages are divided into five stages, i.e. initiation, flower bud, before bloom, bloom, and anthesis; fruiting stages are divided into three stages, i.e. immature-sized, mature-sized, and ripe fruit, which occurred in period 73-121 ± 85 days. Environmental and genetic factors cause the low value of reproductive success. This research can be useful for the conservation strategy of A. luzonensis, especially for reproduction biology and seed conservation.
Characterization and screening of urease activity of ureolytic bacteria from landfills soil in Banda Aceh, Indonesia LENNI FITRI; TEUKU BUDI AULIA; AMIR FAUZI; GALIH AHMAD KAMIL
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240229

Abstract

Abstract. Fitri L, Aulia TB, Fauzi A, Kamil GA. 2023. Characterization and screening of urease activity of ureolytic bacteria from landfills soil in Banda Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 910-915. Ureolytic bacteria are capable of producing the calcium carbonate precipitating enzyme urease. Ureolytic bacteria degrade urease into ammonia and carbon dioxide. Ureolytic bacteria can be applied in the bio-grouting technique and concrete mixtures. This study aimed to isolate and characterize ureolytic bacteria isolates, then determine the calcium carbonate precipitation potential of ureolytic bacteria isolates from landfill soil at Gampong Jawa, Banda Aceh, Indonesia. This research successfully isolated twenty-four bacterial isolates from the Gampong Jawa landfills, and ten of these isolates were confirmed to produce the urease enzyme positively. Isolates with codes BTPA-3, BTPA-6, BTPA-7, BTPA-8, BTPA-9, BTPA-15, BTPA-20, BTPA-22, BTPA-23, and BTPA-24 were able to precipitate calcium carbonate in the amounts of 1.49, 1.78, 1.71, 1.70, 1.82, 1.80, 1.32, 1.54, and 1.70 g, respectively. BTPA-3, BTPA-6, BTPA-7, BTPA-8, BTPA-9, BTPA-23, and BTPA-24 were identified as members of the genus Bacillus; BTPA-20 was as a member of the genus Staphylococcus; and BTPA-15 and BTPA-22 were members of the genus Solibacillus. This research data is new information about the potential of bacteria from the Gampong Jawa landfill, which can determine the calcium carbonate precipitation. The research also revealed that the ureolytic bacterial isolates produced could be further improved and utilized in concrete mixtures.
A 50 year decennial survey of male Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) with supplemental genetic analysis in Tanjung Puting National Park, Indonesia BIRUTÉ MARY GALDIKAS; RUTH ELLA LINSKY; RENIASTOETIE DJOJOASMORO; JOSEPH LORENZ; R. STEVEN WAGNER
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 5 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240510

Abstract

Abstract. Galdikas BM, Linsky RE, Djojoasmoro R, Lorenz J, Wagner RS. 2023. A 50 year decennial survey of male Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) with supplemental genetic analysis in Tanjung Puting National Park, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 2587-2595. This study investigates the declining presence of adult males in a protected wild population of Bornean orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus wurmbii) at the Camp Leakey study area in Tanjung Puting National Park (TPNP), Central Kalimantan, Indonesian Borneo. Orangutan populations are in decline due to habitat destruction and fragmentation. Documenting changes within existing orangutan populations over time is important to understand demographic changes that may indicate pre-extinction processes and imminent collapse. Wild orangutan behavior has been studied at Camp Leakey since 1971. Observations of orangutans over the past five decades have documented a greatly decreased number of encounters with flanged adult males. A supplementary six-month genetic study was hindered by the fact that only two adult males briefly appeared in the study area in 2016 as compared to 40 adult male encounters in the same time period in 1976. The decline which appears most visible in data from 1986 to 1996 continues into 2006 and 2016. Genotypes from 24 wild adult orangutans encountered in 2016 were analyzed to assess the expected genetic parameters of a wild orangutan population. Pairwise relatedness was high among and between adult females and subadult males. The only two flanged males present during the genetic survey shared zero pairwise relatednesses. However, both flanged males had non-zero pairwise relatedness with other members of the Camp Leakey community and thus it is likely they were from different local areas. These data show the genetic consequences of the observed demographic changes. As TPNP forests have become disconnected from neighboring habitats, natural orangutan male dispersal may be disrupted. Disruption of male dispersal would increase the risk of accelerated extirpation for the orangutan population in TPNP as well as other orangutan populations, especially those that are remnant and less protected.
The influence of inoculum types on the chemical characteristics and b-glucan content of tempe gembus SAMSUL RIZAL; MARIA ERNA KUSTYAWATI; MURHADI MURHADI; MUHAMAMAD AMIN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 2 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240215

Abstract

Abstract. Rizal S, Kustyawati ME, Murhadi, Amin M. 2023. The influence of inoculum types on the chemical characteristics and b-glucan content of tempe gembus. Biodiversitas 24: 793-798. Tempe gembus is a type of tempe which is made by fermenting tofu dregs with Rhizopus oligosporus. Tempe gembus has lower nutritional value than soybean tempe. Adding Saccharomyces cerevisiae to manufacture tempe gembus is expected to increase the added value of tempe gembus. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of various types of inoculums on the chemical properties and b-glucan content of tempe gembus. The study used a completely randomized block design (RBD) with 3 repetitions and 7 types of inoculums: commercial tempe inoculum (RAPRIMA) (T1), S. cerevisiae (T2), R. oligosporus (T3), commercial tempe inoculum (RAPRIMA) + commercial yeast (Fermipan) (T4), commercial tempe inoculum (RAPRIMA) + S. cerevisiae (T5), R. oligosporus + Fermipan (T6), and R. oligosporus + S. cerevisiae (T7). Tempe gembus produced was analyzed for the content of fat, protein, ash, water, carbohydrates, and b-glucan. The data obtained was analyzed statistically using one way ANOVA and the Honest Significant Difference (HSD) test. The results showed that the type of tempe inoculum increased the levels of protein, ash, water and b-glucan but decreased the levels of fat and carbohydrates in tempe gembus. A mixture of R. oligosporus and S. cerevisiae produced the best tempe gembus containing 0.69% ?-glucan, 6.98% protein, 0.48% ash, 83.98% water, 8.12% carbohydrates and 0.47% fat.

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