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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Fermentation, bioactivity and molecular identification of endophytic fungi isolated from mangrove Ceriops tagal I PUTU YOGI ASTARA PUTRA; KETUT SATVIKA UTAMI; JUNITA HARDINI; I MADE AGUS GELGEL WIRASUTA; NONYE TREASURE UJAM; NI PUTU ARIANTARI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 5 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240565

Abstract

Abstract. Putra IPYA, Utami KS, Hardini J, Wirasuta IMAG, Ujam NT, Ariantari NP. 2023. Fermentation, bioactivity and molecular identification of endophytic fungi isolated from mangrove Ceriops tagal. Biodiversitas 24: 3091-3098. Mangrove-associated-endophytic fungi are recognized as a considerable source of bioactive compounds in drug discovery. This study evaluated the antimicrobial activity and toxicity of endophytic fungi isolated from Ceriops tagal. Four endophytic fungal isolates, documented as SU-1-4, were obtained. In addition, isolate SU-3 was further identified as Hypoxylon mangrovei according to the comparison of the internal transcribed spacer region. Each fungal isolate was fermented on a solid rice medium, then extracted with ethyl acetate at the end of fermentation. After that, the crude ethyl acetate extracts were partitioned between aqueous methanol and n-hexane, and the methanolic phases were subjected to phytochemical screening and antimicrobial and toxicity assays. Preliminary phytochemical identification suggested the presence of alkaloids, triterpenoids, and steroids in all fungal methanolic extracts. Among them, H. mangrovei SU-3 extract showed the most pronounced antimicrobial effects with minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) values of 125 and 250 µg.mL-1 towards Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 6538 and Staphylococcus epidermidis ATCC 12228. Meanwhile, the toxicity assay employing the brine shrimp lethality test revealed that all fungal methanolic extracts were toxic, with LC50 values ranging from 173.09 to 227.76 µg.mL-1. Isolation of antibacterial compounds and evaluation of their cytotoxicity on human cancer cells will be promising for further studies.
The use of drone to study the nesting behavior of milky stork: Some preliminary observations ANI MARDIASTUTI; YENI A. MULYANI; ANDRIE AKBAR; BASUKI WICAKSONO; TIARA RAHMAWATI; YULIA P. WULANDARI; WARSAJAYA WARSAJAYA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 8 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240836

Abstract

Abstract. Mardiastuti A, Mulyani YA, Akbar A, Wicaksono B, Rahmawati T, Wulandari YP, Warsajaya. 2023. The use of drone to study the nesting behavior of milky stork: Some preliminary observations. Biodiversitas 24: 4549-4557. The use of a drone to census waterbirds has been increasingly popular. However, study on the waterbird’s behavioral response to the drone was still limited. The objective of this study is to reveal the response of the breeding milky stork Mycteria cinerea to the drone as a new and safer tool for collecting breeding behavior data. Factors that influence the success of the observation by using a drone were also identified and a set of recommendations was formulated. The research was conducted during the breeding season of the milky stork in Pulau Rambut, a small island in Jakarta Bay, between December 2022 and March 2023. Three types of drones were tested in the pilot study, and eventually, a small manually piloted drone (Syma X25 Pro) was found to be more appropriate for behavioral study. The bird response to the drone (no, neutral, temporary, negative response) was observed through a combination of various distances and angles of the drone to the nest trees. Despite the weather obstacles, this study suggested that the milky stork mostly (17 out of 20 trials) showed no response or neutral response to the drone. Some temporary responses were detected due to some accidental events, including a sudden launch of the drone. In conclusion, a small-size, easy-to-maneuver drone that produces low noise and mild wind can be used by using a manual pilot mode to study the breeding behavior of milky storks or other similar waterbird species.
Phytochemical analysis of ethanolic Psidium guajava leaves extract using GC-MS and LC-MS RISA NURSANTY; KHAIRUL NAIM BIN MD PADZIL; NUR ISTI’ANAH BINTI RAMLI; NOR AINY MAHYUDIN; AHMAD HANIFF BIN JAAFAR; YAYA RUKAYADI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 5 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240526

Abstract

Abstract. Nursanty R, Padzil KNBM, Ramli NIB, Mahyudin NA, Jaafar AHB, Rukayadi Y. 2023. Phytochemical analysis of ethanolic Psidium guajava leaves extract using GC-MS and LC-MS. Biodiversitas 24: 2723-2732. Psidium guajava L. is well known as guava and has been used traditionally as a medicinal plant for a variety of ailments all over the world, especially in infusions and decoctions for oral and topical use. Every part of this plant has been used for treating stomachache and diarrhea in many countries. Other reported uses include dermatitis, sores, epilepsy, and wounds.Medicinal plants have an important role in complementary and alternative medicine because they produce various natural compounds with high therapeutic properties. Many researchers report that the major chemical composition of this plant includes tannins, phenols, flavonoids, saponins, carbohydrates, alkaloids, sterols, terpenoids, and phenolic compounds. The aim of this study is to identify the volatile and non-volatile compounds in ethanolic P. guajava leaves extract. This study aimed to identify phytochemical compounds in P. guajava leaves extract. The main volatile compounds identified using GC-MS were pyrogallol, ?-copaene, caryophyllene, aromadendrene, ?-humulene, alloaromadendrene, ?-muurolene, ?-selinene, ?-selinene, ?-muurolene, ?-bisabolene, ?-bisabolene, (-) globulol, caryophyllene oxide, ?-muurolol, and epiglobulol. Based on LC-MS analysis, a number of non-volatile compounds such as flavonoids; apigenin 7-?-?-D-glucuronopyranoside, quercetin, luteolin 7-O-glucuronide, naringenin 4?-O-glucopyranoside, and myrecitin along with phenolic derivatives such as quinic acid, catechin, and epigallocatechin (4?,8)-gallocatechin were tentatively identified.
Diversity and antioxidant activity of endophytic fungi isolated from salam (Syzygium polyanthum) HARY WIDJAJANTI; ELFITA ELFITA; MIA TIRTA SARI; NURLISA HIDAYATI; POEDJI LOEKITOWATI HARIANI; ARUM SETIAWAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 5 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240561

Abstract

Abstract. Widjajanti H, Elfita, Sari MT, Hidayati N, Hariani PL, Setiawan A. 2023. Diversity and antioxidant activity of endophytic fungi isolated from salam (Syzygium polyanthum). Biodiversitas 24: 3051-3062. Salam (Syzygium polyanthum (Wight) Walp.) is a medicinal plant from the family Myrtaceae. The leaves are used as a spice and treat diseases such as diabetes mellitus, hypertension, ulcers, diarrhea, gastritis, and skin. This study aimed to determine endophytic fungi's diversity and antioxidant activity in the S. polyanthum plant. In addition, the distribution of endophytic fungi found on S. polyanthum was compared to that of previously reported endophytic fungi on other species of Syzygium. The distribution pattern of these endophytic fungi is needed to determine the presence of potential endophytic fungi that can live in host plants of the same genus. The endophytic fungi were isolated from fresh root bark, stem bark, and leaf tissues of S. polyanthum. The endophytic fungi were identified morphologically to determine their level of diversity; their extract was then tested for their antioxidant activity using the DPPH method. The extract that showed the highest antioxidant activity was identified molecularly. A total of 18 endophytic fungi were obtained from S. polyanthum, including seven isolates from root bark (HSA1–HSA7), four isolates from stem bark (HSB1–HSB4), and seven isolates from leaves (HSD1–HSD7). The morphological identification showed seven genera scattered in all investigated parts: Trichoderma, Penicillium, Aspergillus, Pythium, Papulaspora, Pythiogeton, and Clonostachys. The HSD5 isolate showed the best antioxidant activity, and the molecular identification confirmed this isolate as Clonostachys rosea. The comparison of the distribution of endophytic fungi isolated from S. polyanthum to endophytic fungi isolated from the host genus Syzygium showed that endophytic fungi of three genera, namely Clonostachys, Papulaspora, and Pythiogeton, are specifically found on S. polyanthum. In addition, those of four other genera, namely Trichoderma, Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Pythium, are found on other species of Syzygium.
The vector of Pineapple Mealybug Wilt-associated Virus (PMWaV) in Sipahutar pineapples in North Tapanuli, Indonesia LISNAWITA LISNAWITA; AHMAD RAFIQI TANTAWI; MARYANI CYCCU TOBING; ARTHA JUNITA HUTAHAYAN; WISMAROH SANNIWATI SARAGIH; DEWI SARTIAMI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 7 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240743

Abstract

Abstract. Lisnawita, Tantawi AR, Tobing MC, Hutahayan AJ, Saragih WS, Sartiami D. 2023. The vector of Pineapple Mealybug Wilt-associated Virus (PMWaV) in Sipahutar pineapples in North Tapanuli, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4052-4059. The Pineapple Mealybug Wilt-associated Virus (PMWaV) disease is one of the most important diseases in pineapples. It Is widely spread in almost all pineapple plantations, including those in North Tapanuli District, North Sumatra Province, Indonesia. Currently, there is still little information on the PMWaV disease and the species of mealybug found in Sipahutar pineapples in the North Tapanuli District. This research aims to identify mealybugs as the vectors that carry the virus that causes PMWaV disease in Sipahutar pineapples. Mealybug samples were taken from 12 villages in four sub-districts in the center of Sipahutar pineapples plantations in the North Tapanuli District. The four sub-districts were Sipahutar Sub-district from Siabal Abal IV Village, Sabungan Nihuta I Village, and Sabungan Nihuta II Village; Siborongborong Sub-district from Bahal Batu I Village, Bahal Batu II Village, and Lobu Siregar Village; Tarutung Sub-district from Parbaju Tonga Village, Jambur Nauli Village, and Sihujur Village; Pangaribuan Sub-district from Pansurnatolu Village, Sigotom Village, and Rahut Bosi Village. Samples were identified morphologically and molecularly. The results of the identification using both methods showed that the mealybugs found on Sipahutar pineapples with PMWaV symptoms from the 12 villages were Dysmicoccus brevipes species.
Yield-related traits and proximate content of winged bean for seed production purpose SAYYIDAH AFRIDATUL ISHTHIFAIYYAH; MUHAMAD SYUKUR; TRIKOESOEMANINGTYAS TRIKOESOEMANINGTYAS; AWANG MAHARIJAYA; SITI MARWIYAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 6 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240661

Abstract

Abstract. Ishthifaiyyah SA, Syukur M, Trikoesoemaningtyas, Maharijaya A, Marwiyah S. 2023. Yield-related traits and proximate content of winged bean for seed production purpose. Biodiversitas 24: 3609-3615. The winged bean is an underutilized plant that can produce valuable seeds with great nutrient content. Meanwhile, the lack of improved genotypes limits its large-scale cultivation. This study aimed to evaluate the flowering and maturity time of winged bean lines and elaborate on various traits correlated with the seed yield. We also performed the seeds' proximate analysis to unravel each line's nutrient content. This study was conducted in Bogor, Indonesia, between April and October 2020. Hybridization between two distinct parents had successfully developed early flowering winged bean genotypes in its progeny. The H4P and L3 had the highest seed yield (1.40 t ha-1) with brown and purple seed colors, respectively. The dried pod weight (0.56), young pod weight (0.36), and the number of dried pods (0.39) had a positive direct effect yet were still smaller than their correlation coefficient. Thus, the selection process to obtain high-yielding winged bean genotypes can be conducted simultaneously through those traits. The evaluated winged bean genotypes had various fat and protein content ranging from 11.10% to 16.48% and 28.81% to 33.45%, respectively. This information can be used as future selection criteria for the winged bean breeding program.
Natural regeneration of Alstonia spectabilis in small-scale privately-owned forest in Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia BELGIS RAFFLESIA PUTRI WARDANI; WINASTUTI DWI ATMANTO; WIDIYATNO WIDIYATNO; NESTY PRATIWI ROMADINI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 7 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240709

Abstract

Abstract. Wardani BRP, Atmanto WD, Widiyatno, Romadini NP. 2023. Natural regeneration of Alstonia spectabilisin small-scale privately-owned forest in Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3723-3734. Alstonia spectabilisis a species that serves as an indicator of the dry deciduous forest type and has the potential to be utilized commercially or to support conservation programs. The development pattern, specifically in small-scale privately-owned forest (SSPF) in Gunungkidul, still relies on natural regeneration. The differences in management between agricultural (tegalan) and forested land (wana) affect the abundance and characteristics of A. spectabilis natural regeneration. Due to its great potential to be developed in the future, information on the abundance and natural regenerationin SSPF is needed. This study was conducted by creating observation plots in tegalan and wanain Sidoharjo Village, using uniform systematic sampling with a random start method and a sampling intensity of 10%. This study aimed to determine the density and diversity of tree stand as well as the distribution pattern of A. spectabilis natural regeneration. A total of 13 nested sampling plots (0.52 ha in total size) were made to observe seedlings, saplings, pole, and tree in each study area. The number and characteristics of natural regeneration were shown to be impacted by management differences between tegalan and wana. Wana had a high canopy closure of 91%, compared to 72% for tegalan. Additionally, the greater density value of 9423 ind. ha-1in wana compared to tegalan, which had 1154 ind. ha-1 at all growth levels with a random distribution pattern, showed a stronger potential for A. spectabilis for natural regeneration. The findings indicated that wana has a greater potential for seed sources with favorable environmental conditions for the survival of A. spectabilis natural regeneration.
Epiphytic and epigeal lichens as bioindicators of air pollution in the Burabay National Park, Kazakhstan ZNANYLKHAN BUKABAYEVA; SARDARBEK ABIYEV; BATIYASH SILYBAYEVA; ULBALA ASSANOVA; ANARGUL SHARIPKHANOVA; BALNUR SAGDATKYZY
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 5 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240523

Abstract

Abstract. Bukabayeva Z, Abiyev S, Silybayeva B, Assanova U, Sharipkhanova A, Sagdatkyzy B. 2023. Epiphytic and epigeal lichens as bioindicators of air pollution in the Burabay National Park, Kazakhstan. Biodiversitas 24: 2701-2709. Lichens are recognized as a symbiotic association between a fungus (mycobiont) and a chlorophyll-containing partner (photobiont). Because lichens receive all their nutrients from the atmosphere, they are very sensitive to air quality and can be used as bioindicators of pollution by heavy metals, organic compounds and radioactive elements in the air. This study aimed to evaluate the potential of lichens as bioindicators of the heavy metal content in the air in the Burabay National Park, northern Kazakhstan. In the period from 2018 to 2022, we studied the floristic composition of lichens in the national park. To inform air pollution level, we determined the quantitative characteristics and projective cover of an epiphytic lichen Evernia prunastri (L.) Ach. at different heights above ground level, and the heavy-metal content in an epigeal lichen Cladonia alpestris (L.) Rabenh (Syn. Cladonia stellaris (Opiz) Pouzar & V?zda) at different distances from the road edge. We identified 56 species of lichen belonging to 23 genera and 16 families on the roadsides or in the nearby forest. We found that the average number of individuals of E. prunastri decreased as the tree trunk height increased. The largest number of individuals (11.3) was observed at a height of 60 cm, and the smallest (2.5), at a height of 150 cm. The analysis of C. alpestris samples taken at different distances (50, 100, 150, 200 m) from the roadside showed that the concentrations of Pb, Cr, Cd, As, Ga, V, and ?s were high, and for all the elements studied, except for Mn and Be, exceeded Maximum Allowable Concentration. Our study demonstrates that E. prunastri and C. alpestris are sensitive to air pollution from road traffic and can be used as biomonitors of heavy metal pollution in the study area. Because of the ever-increasing anthropogenic pressure on the vegetation of the Burabay National Park, we recommend further research and monitoring of its lichen biota.
Surface ultrastructure of tick (Acari: Ixodidae) on Moa buffalo from Southwest Maluku District, Indonesia PRASETYARTI UTAMI; RONY MARSYAL KUNDA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 6 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240617

Abstract

Abstract. Utami P, Kunda RM. 2023. Surface ultrastructure of tick (Acari: Ixodidae) on Moa buffalo from Southwest Maluku District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3230-3235. Moa buffalo is one of the local Indonesian buffalo families in the Southwest Maluku District with very limited distribution and is found only on Moa Island. It exhibits distinct characteristics that distinguish it from clumps of mud buffalo and other local breeds, making it a valuable local livestock resource in Indonesia. Meanwhile, ticks are obligatory hematophagous ectoparasites with direct effects on the host, such as blood and weight loss, and their indirect effects are more associated with their role as vectors of disease-carrying pathogens. This study aimed to identify ticks infesting Moa buffalo by analyzing their surface ultrastructure using a Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) method. This method enabled the establishment of the taxonomic status to obtain comprehensive data regarding the mapping of tick species in Moa buffalo. The samples were manually collected, and the body of the cattle was divided into four regions to determine the preferred attachment sites of ticks. The head, back, tail, and legs were all carefully examined, and each tick was carefully picked from the surface using tweezers or a pair of thumb forceps. Furthermore, the tick samples were collected from three different parts of the Moa buffalo's body, namely the armpit, inguinal region, and perianal area. Based on observations of morphological characters, the ticks found in Moa buffalo were of two species, namely Dermacentor auratus Supino, 1897 and Haemaphysalis bispinosa Neumann, 1897. The Dermacentor genus, specifically D. auratus exhibited specific morphological characteristics, including a pair of eyes located at the coxae II level, an ornate scutum, capitulum, and feet, as well as a short hypostome with 3:3 tooth arrangement. Members of this genus also had festoons, with the size of coxae increasing from I to IV. On the other hand, H. bispinosa was characterized by underdeveloped cornua. The segments of palpal III, for both males and females exhibited posterodorsal and posteroventral protrusions. The posteroventral segment of palpal III formed a wide and blunt triangle in both sexes, while the palpal III section had wide median spurs. These characteristics were keys for the identification of H. bispinosa species.
Abundance and distribution of microplastics in seawater, sediment, and macroalgae sea grapes Caulerpa racemosa from Semak Daun Island, Jakarta Bay, Indonesia MUFTI PETALA PATRIA; NOER KHOLIS; DIAN ANGGREINI; FAEIZA BUYONG
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 6 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240638

Abstract

Abstract. Patria MP, Kholis N, Anggreini D, Buyong F. 2023. Abundance and distribution of microplastics in seawater, sediment, and macroalgae sea grapes Caulerpa racemosa from Semak Daun Island, Jakarta Bay, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3424-3430. Microplastic pollution in marine ecosystems poses a significant global concern, specifically regarding the security of food derived from the sea. Macroalgae, as a food source from the sea, can be susceptible to contamination by microplastics. This research assessed the abundance and forms of microplastics in macroalgae sea grapes (Caulerpa racemosa (Forssk.) J.Agardh) collected from Semak Daun Island within the Seribu Island National Park. Additionally, the impact of washing and stirring on microplastic abundance was examined in macroalgae. The average number of microplastics and their identification showed that the washed, stirred, and NaOH-treated macroalgae samples contained an average abundance of 3.28±0.31 particles/g, 5.06±0.59 particles/g, and 2.0±0.81 particles/g, respectively. Furthermore, microplastics were detected in seawater and sediment samples, with an average abundance of 8.2±2.19 particles/L and 15,200±4,932 particles/Kg, respectively. Fragmented microplastics were the predominant form in macroalgae, while fibrous microplastics dominated seawater and sediment samples. Significant differences were observed between the washed and stirred samples (p = 0.009), where the stirred sample exhibited a higher reduction percentage. Microplastics in edible macroalgae indicated the potential hazards of exposure and subsequent accumulation in the human body.

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