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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Identification of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi associated with Arabica coffee root (Coffea arabica) in the Arfak Mountains region of West Papua, Indonesia ANTONIUS SUPARNO; SARASWATI PRABAWARDANI; DENTYN K. NISA; REIMAS R. RUIMASSA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 6 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240614

Abstract

Abstract. Suparno A, Prabawardani S, Nisa DK, Ruimassa RR. 2023. Identification of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi associated with Arabica coffee root (Coffea arabica) in the Arfak Mountains region of West Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3207-3213. Coffee is a global commodity widely consumed as a beverage globally and has a high economy. Currently, the trend of drinking coffee is no longer dominated by older people but has become part of the millennial and celebrity lifestyle; therefore, worldwide demand for coffee continues to increase. Efforts to develop area expansion and productivity continue to be pursued. The Arfak Mountains Region of West Papua, located 800 - 2,500 m above sea level (masl), is a potential area for coffee plantations. The local farmers in this area have grown coffee independently and with gradual government support for the last years. Given the benefits of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi (AMF), which can increase plant growth and productivity, this study aims to identify the types of AMF that are associated with coffee plants in 4 districts, Mokwam, Anggi Giji, Anggi Gida, and Membey in Arfak Mountains region, West Papua. Identification of AMF types was observed based on the morphology of mycorrhizal spores. The research was conducted using the observation method with a purposive sampling technique from November 2022 to March 2023. Based on the observation, the coffee plants in 4 districts were associated with AMF. The types of AMF associated with coffee in Mokwam were more numerous than in other locations, namely the Acaulosporaceae Genus with five species, Glomeaceae Genus with five species, one species of Simiglomus sensu stricto, one species of Funneliformis sensu stricto, and one species of Septoglomus sensu stricto. AMF in Anggi Giji District consisted of Acaulosporaceae Genus with two species, Glomeaceae Genus with four species, while in Anggi Gida District consisted of Acaulosporaceae Genus with one species, Glomeaceae Genus with three species, one species Septoglomus sensu stricto. AMF species in the coffee plants of the Membey District are the Acaulosporaceae Genus with three species, the Glomeaceae Genus with two species, and one species of Septoglomus sensu stricto. From the soil analysis results, the soil fertility level is low; conversely, the mycorrhizal presence level is higher because of the more infertile soil, the more active mycorrhiza.
Fermentation parameters in the rumen of goats supplemented with polyphenol oxidase derived from Gliricidia sepium leaves under in vitro conditions ASRI NURUL HUDA; AKHMAD SABARUDIN; ANURAGA JAYANEGARA; HENDRAWAN SOETANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 6 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240622

Abstract

Abstract. Huda AN, Sabarudin A, Jayanegara A, Soetanto H. 2023. Fermentation parameters in the rumen of goats supplemented with polyphenol oxidase derived from Gliricidia sepium leaves under in vitro conditions. Biodiversitas 24: 3282-3290. The growing demand for healthy foods derived from ruminant products is restricted by the high content of saturated fatty acids in meat or milk due to the process of rumen biohydrogenation. Recent reports from intensive studies using polyphenol oxidase (PPO), an enzyme in plants’ secondary metabolism, as the inhibitor of rumen biohydrogenation cost doubt of ruminant products. PPO is assumed to increase the supply of UFA by reducing the rate of biohydrogenation due to rumen microbes’ activity. Microbes of the rumen, including species of bacteria and protozoa are responsible for rumen biohydrogenation. The present study investigated the effect of adding PPO derived from Gliricidia sepium leaves on fermentation parameters in the rumen, including protozoa density and diversity, fatty acid profile, volatile fatty acid profile, and the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis under in vitro conditions. The experiment was carried out through an in vitro rumen fermentation method, consisting of five treatments, i.e., negative control, positive control, the addition of 0.1 ml, 0.3 ml, and 0.5 ml PPO emulsion. The most dominant type of protozoa among all treatments was Entodinium spp. PPO emulsion increases the efficiency of microbial protein synthesis and volatile fatty acid concentration. 0.5 ml PPO emulsion increases linoleic acid. In conclusion, this finding poses a question on the role of rumen protozoa in lipid biohydrogenation in the rumen. A further experiment on the benefits of adding PPO regarding rumen biohydrogenation under in vivo conditions is warranted.
Body weight prediction model analysis based on the body size of female Sakub sheep in Brebes District, Indonesia ZAENAB NURUL JANNAH; BAYU ANDRI ATMOKO; ALEK IBRAHIM; MUHAMMAD AINSYAR HARAHAP; PANJONO PANJONO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 7 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240702

Abstract

Abstract. Jannah ZN, Atmoko BA, Ibrahim A, Harahap MA, Panjono. 2023. Body weight prediction model analysis based on the body size of female Sakub sheep in Brebes District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3657-3664. Calculation of body weight is one of the important factors in seeing the performance of sheep (Ovis aries), breeding stock selection, and livestock management, such as the basis for consideration of feeding, medicine dosage, slaughter time, and growth evaluation. However, in smallholder farms, the availability of scales is an obstacle, not to mention the inadequacy of the pens’ construction, making the weighing process more difficult. The present study was conducted to analyze correlation and regression models and determine the best and most accurate regression model for predicting the body weight of female Sakub sheep using body sizes. Data on 150 female Sakub sheep kept by smallholder farmers and raised intensively in Paguyangan and Sirampog District, Brebes District, Central Java, Indonesia, were obtained. The Body Weight (BW) of Sakub sheep was weighed, and their body sizes, including body length (BL), chest girth (CG), and shoulder height (SH) were measured. The correlation was calculated using the Pearson correlation, regression models were analyzed and determined using simple, multiple, and automatic linear regression methods. Pooled means of 36.21±12.31 kg for BW and 67.13±7.97, 82.51±10.47, and 65.76±6.24 cm for BL, CG, and SH, respectively, were obtained in the present study. The body size has a positive and high correlation with BW, BL has the highest correlation with BW, which is 0.810, followed by CG (0.807) and SH (0.782). Meanwhile, the correlation of body size combination between BL, CG, and WH has the highest value, 0.883, followed by BL and CG (0.875), between CG and SH (0.875). The best body size and the most accurate (77.40%) to predict BW of female Sakub sheep is the combination of the three BL+CG+SH with regression equation model BW = 67,004+0.589BL+0.453CG+0.399SH. Meanwhile, the prediction of BW with a single body size is BL with the regression equation BW = -47,658 + 1,249BL with an accuracy of 65.40%. This study concludes that body size, namely BL, CG, and SH, can be used to predict BW of female Sakub sheep, either single or in 2 or 3 combinations. The prediction model BW using a combination of 3 body sizes has the highest accuracy, followed by a combination of 2 body sizes (BL+CG), and the last is BL as a single predictor.
Physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of crab (Scylla spp.) from East Kalimantan, Indonesia FANGGI FANGGI; ESTI HANDAYANI HARDI; ANDI NIKHLANI; ANTON PANJI MAHENDRA; NOVITA NOVITA; FITRI NOERHIDAYANTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 9 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240943

Abstract

Abstract. Fanggi, Hardi EH, Nikhlani A, Mahendra AP, Tarbiyah, Novita, Noerhidayanti F. 2023. Physical, chemical, and biological characteristics of crab (Scylla spp.) from East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4998-5006. Mud crab (Scylla spp.) is a direct export commodity to China from East Kalimantan, Indonesia. The majority of crabs are caught wild by traditional farmers in some districts. Early detection of crab quality is required to prevent the rejection of mud crab export products due to size, heavy metals, and infections. Fifteen samples from 15 farms in Balikpapan, Indonesia, were evaluated for physical parameters (weight, carapace width, sex, completeness of morphology, and identification of species), chemical parameters (Cu, Pb, Mg, Cd, and As), and biological parameters for the detection of White Spot Syndrome Virus (WSSV). The crab catches are from Kutai Kartanegara, Paser, and Penajam Paser Utara Districts. The physical examination of the crabs revealed a weight of 441.73±88.14 g, a carapace width of 11.92±0,59 cm, sexes of 14 males and 1 female, species including Scylla serrata (Forskål, 1775), Scylla olivacea (Herbst, 1796), Scylla paramamosain (Estampador, 1950), and Scylla tranquebarica (Fabricius, 1798), and 93.3% of the crabs had morphological completeness. The chemical examination of heavy metals, including Cu, Pb, Mg, Cd, and As, is still limited to fish products, while Fe has passed the quality standard, and WSSV has infected no crabs. The investigation found that 40% of East Kalimantan Province crab exports did not meet carapace width criteria. No WSSV pathogen was found in the samples. However, crab meat Fe concentration exceeded requirements.
Ecophysiological studies of Citrullus colocynthis in response to spatial and seasonal changes in Wadi Al-Akhder, Tabuk Region, Saudi Arabia SALEM MESFIR AL-QAHTANI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 6 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240623

Abstract

Abstract. Al-Qahtani SM. 2023. Ecophysiological studies of Citrullus colocynthis in response to spatial and seasonal changes in Wadi Al-Akhder, Tabuk Region, Saudi Arabia. Biodiversitas 24: 3292-3299. In order to achieve stress tolerance of Citrullus colocynthis (C. colocynthis), the soil physicochemical properties and chemical composition of plants in response to spatial and seasonal changes were investigated in Wadi Al-Akhder, Tabuk region, Saudi Arabia. The ANOVA results showed significant differences in studied factors for soil physicochemical properties and chemical composition of C. colocynthis. Soil pH was observed to range between neutral and slightly alkaline in the study region. Most soil physicochemical properties and most chemical composition extracted from C. colocynthisplants collected from Wadi Al-Akhder in the upstream and midstream sites were significantly increased compared with other stream sites, respectively. Most physicochemical properties of the soil supporting C. colocynthis significantly increased during the upstream sites 20-40 depth. In winter, C. colocynthis showed higher contents of mineral compositions (nitrogen, calcium, magnesium, sodium and potassium), photosynthetic pigments, moisture content percentage, and chemical compositions including ash, crude fiber, crude protein, and carbohydrate contents compared to those in summer while the opposite was found in the case of phosphorus and proline contents. Most chemical compositions extracted from C. colocynthis were greater in the winter season than in the summer season in the downstream site. During the desert environment, C. colocynthis plants tend to metabolic adaptation and resistance to external stress by accumulating osmolytes such as phosphorus, calcium, total pigment, and proline.
Caffeine degradation by food microorganisms TJAHJADI PURWOKO; SURANTO SURANTO; RATNA SETYANINGSIH; SOERYA DEWI MARLIYANA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 6 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240647

Abstract

Abstract. Purwoko T, Suranto, Setyaningsih R, Marliyana SD. 2023. Caffeine degradation by food microorganisms. Biodiversitas 24: 3495-3502. Commercial coffee beans are dominated by robusta and arabica coffee beans. Caffeine is one of the important components in coffee beans. Caffeine has antimicrobial effect. Caffeine content in robusta beans was higher than in arabica beans. Caffeine content in coffee beans was affected by the coffee species, the coffee cultivation's altitude and the postharvest processing method. Microbial fermentation activity could reduce the caffeine content of coffee beans. Lactobacillus casei, Leuconostoc mesenteroides, Rhizopus oryzae and Saccharomyces cerevisiae, were able to reduce caffeine content of robusta beans. This study aimed to determine the degradation pathway of caffeine by food microorganisms, namely L. casei, L. mesenteroides, R. oryzae and S. cerevisiae. Caffeine content in NB-caffeine and PDB-caffeine media were reduced by L. casei, L. mesenteroides, R. oryzae and S. cerevisiae. Caffeine was transformed into dimethylxanthine and then into methylxanthine by L. casei, L. mesenteroides, R. oryzae and S. cerevisiae. They transformed more than 89% caffeine into paraxanthine, however, small amount of paraxanthine was transformed into methylxanthine. L. casei and L. mesenteroides transformed paraxanthine into 1-methylxanthine. However, R. oryzae and S. cerevisiae transformed into 7-methylxanthine. There were two patterns of degradation of caffeine into methylxanthine i.e., caffeine-paraxanthine-1-methylxanthine and caffeine-paraxanthine-7-methylxanthine. The first was shown by L. casei and L. mesenteroides, and the last by R. oryzae and S. cerevisiae.
Trends in counts of Columbiformes at Shakpak Pass, Kazakhstan BERDIKULOV T. BEKZHAN; FROLOV G. IVAN; GAVRILOV E. ANDREY; TASHIMOV E. AIZHAN; ZARIPOVA KH. SYRYMGUL
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 9 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240906

Abstract

Abstract. Bekzhan BT, Ivan FG, Andrey GE, Aizhan TE, Syrymgul ZKH. 2023. Trends in counts of Columbiformes at Shakpak Pass, Kazakhstan. Biodiversitas 24: 4661-4667. This study aims to determine the trends in counts of Columbiformes (pigeons and doves) at Shakpak Pass in Western Tien Shan (southern Kazakhstan). The analysis is based on long-term ringing data collected from 1966 to 2023, encompassing eight pigeon and dove species. The results reveal notable trends in the counts of Columbiformes over time, which can reflect changes in population sizes. Different species show different numbers in counts among different seasons. The Rock Dove population, predominantly non-migratory, displays no pronounced trend. The Stock Dove population has experienced a decline in recent years, yet it remains consistent throughout the entire research period. Counts of the Woodpigeon demonstrate an increasing trend during autumn migration, whereas the Yellow-eyed Pigeon exhibits a noteworthy decrease in both spring and autumn migrations. The Oriental Turtle Dove appears abundant during both spring and autumn migrations, with its count data exhibiting fluctuations devoid of any significant trend. The Laughing Dove is considered rare at Shakpak Pass, which makes determining a clear trend challenging; however, a negative trend is noted in autumn. Counts of the Turtle Dove have markedly decreased in both spring and autumn migrations, resulting in the species being nearly absent at Shakpak Pass since 2005. Regarding the Collared Dove, a non-migratory species, its abundance at Shakpak Pass is also limited. These findings provide valuable insights into the population trends of Columbiformes in Kazakhstan and highlight the importance of long-term monitoring and conservation efforts for these species.
Zoonotic gastrointestinal nematodes in pet cats in Yogyakarta (Indonesia) and their susceptibility to anthelmintics IRKHAM WIDIYONO; RUSMIHAYATI RUSMIHAYATI; HARY PURNAMANINGSIH; ANA SAHARA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 6 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240628

Abstract

Abstract. Widiyono I, Rusmihayati, Purnamaningsih H, Sahara A. 2023. Zoonotic gastrointestinal nematodes in pet cats in Yogyakarta (Indonesia) and their susceptibility to anthelmintics. Biodiversitas 24: 3332-3337. Domestic cats (Felis catus Linnaeus, 1758), which live close to humans, can host some zoonotic nematodes. Therefore, a study on gastrointestinal nematodes in domestic cats and their anthelmintic resistance is essential for controlling and preventing zoonotic nematodiasis. Our goal was to investigate the diversity of gastrointestinal nematodes in pet cats in Yogyakarta and their susceptibility to anthelmintics. One hundred seventy-four (174) out of 215 cat patients (80.93%) presented at the animal clinic of the Department of Internal Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, Indonesia, and suspected gastrointestinal parasite infections suffered from nematodiasis. Ninety-eight (98) animals suffering from moderate to severe gastrointestinal nematodiasis with Egg Per Gram feces (EPG) >300 were included into nematode identification, clinical analyses, and evaluation of nematode susceptibility to anthelmintics. The animals were divided in three treatment groups, namely pyrantel pamoate at the dose of 5 mg/kg BW orally on D0 (OP), subcutaneous injection of ivermectin at the dose of 200 µg/kg BW on day 0 (SCI), and no medication as a Control (C). Fecal samples were collected on day 0 and 10 for parasitological examinations. The results showed that pet cats were infected with Toxocara sp. and Ancylostoma sp., with the incidence of single infection by Toxocara sp., Ancylostoma sp., and mixed infection at 50%, 36.73%, and 13.27%, respectively. The animals were clinically healthy or showing clinical signs, e.g., anorexia, diarrhea, vomiting, and dull hair. Pyrantel pamoate and ivermectin showed >98% efficacy against these nematodes. In conclusion, there were two zoonotic gastrointestinal nematodes in pet cats in Yogyakarta, namely Ancylostoma and Toxocara, which still showed high susceptibility to pyrantel pamoate and ivermectin.
Ecological niche affects mitochondrial DNA diversity and variation in near-threatened Himalayan vulture (Gyps himalayensis) Chanatip Ummee; Ratiwan Sitdhibutr; Preeda Lertwatcharasarakul; Chaiyan Kasorndorkbua
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 6 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240664

Abstract

Abstract. Ummee C, Sitdhibutr R, Lertwatcharasarakul P, Kasorndorkbua C. 2023. Ecological niche affects mitochondrial DNA diversity and variation in near-threatened Himalayan vulture (Gyps himalayensis). Biodiversitas 24: 3630-3640. The impact from the use of diclofenac on the Indian subcontinent is the main reason why the Himalayan vulture Gyps himalayensis Hume, 1869 has near-threatened conservation status. In particular, it has ecological niches different from those of other vultures in the same genus; however, there has been no systematic study on genetic diversity. This study analyzed the genetic diversity of Himalayan vultures that had migrated to Thailand during the winter in conjunction with samples from a limited GenBank database. The results identified no evidence of Himalayan vulture genetic diversity loss after Gyps vultures were affected by diclofenac since the 1990s and the values were related to raptors with stable population status, which may be the result of ecological niche. Genetic differences or group divided were found in the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) Control Region (CR) and Cyt b+CR except in Cytochrome b (Cyt b). The group division based on the results of genetic distance between CR and Cyt b+CR shows that the genetic distance between groups of CR was 10-12 times greater than that of Cyt b (0.771±0.055-0.923±0.084 and 0.076±0.068, respectively) and the difference was also present when analyzed with the combined data set of Cyt b+CR (0.448±0.036). This is an important indicator for the possible study of population structure through phylogeography, because the Cyt b from other studies did not indicate any genetic differences between populations of Himalayan vulture and other Gyps vultures, which may update conservation proposals to be more accurate and effective.
Ethnobotany of spring waters based on species toponymy on the east slope of Mount Ijen, Banyuwangi District, Indonesia RIYAN RIYADLUN NAJIH; JATI BATORO; LUCHMAN HAKIM
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 7 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240725

Abstract

Abstract. Najih RR, Batoro J, Hakim L. 2023. Ethnobotany of spring waters based on species toponymy on the east slope of Mount Ijen, Banyuwangi District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3860-3871. Some spring waters in Banyuwangi are unique in terms of toponymy (place name), where local communities give names to springs based on plant species around the springs. This research aimed to (i) understand the names of the plants used as the design names for the springs, (ii) understand the plants in the offerings of the springs and (iii) explain the use of plants around the springs on the East Ijen Slopes, Banyuwangi District, Indonesia. A field study was conducted on the slopes of Mount Ijen. Research data were obtained from 50 informants through semi-structured interviews. This study used descriptive analysis and Relative Frequency of Citations (RFC). There were five toponymy species of springs, namely Pangium edule Reinw, Planchonia valida (Blume) Blume, Terminalia sp., Ganophyllum falcatum Blume, and Garcinia tetranda Pierre. Offerings dishes of springs were Pecel Pitik, Tajin Suro, Tajin Jenang Limo, and Tumpeng Serakat. There are 43 species of plants around the springs within 21 families. Plants with the highest RFC values were Gigantochloa apus (Schult. f.) Kurz ex Munro (0.62), followed by Ficus benjamina L. (0.4) and S. mahagoni (L.) Jacq (0.32). In terms of utilization, the toponymy species did not have the highest RFC value. Species with low RFC values have a greater possibility of extinction than other species.

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