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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Arthropods discovered on refugio flowering plants in Mangifera indica plantation WIWIN WINDRIYANTI; NONI RAHMADHINI; ITO FERNANDO; RAMADHANI MAHENDRA KUSUMA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 9 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240915

Abstract

Abstract. Windriyanti W, Rahmadhini N, Fernando I, Kusuma RM. 2023. Arthropods discovered on refugio flowering plants in Mangifera indica plantation. Biodiversitas 24: 4747-4754. The diversity of Refugio flowering plants with different ways of flowering phenology provides alternative food sources for arthropods. Insects are the largest class of arthropods, most of which are ecological services that function as natural enemies and pollinators. Insects require an energy source over a long-term period to promote a stable and healthy population. The use of flowering plants as refugia can maximize the role of insects as ecological services in agroecosystems by providing natural enemies and pollinators with a source of food and shelter. The refugia plants used in this study were sunflowers (Helianthus annuus), king’s salad (Cosmos caudatus), Peruvian zinnia (Zinnia peruviana), Tridax procumbens (Asteraceae), and Alternanthera sessilis (Amaranthaceae) with hedgerow and insectary bank planting patterns. Data collection and periodic direct observation (scan sampling) were conducted by transects. Observed parameters included species composition and population of arthropods in two different agro-systems, monoculture and polyculture. Identification results showed 8 orders, including 44 morphospecies, belonging to 25 families. Arthropod abundance in the on-season of the refugia was found in 1422 individuals. Ecological engineering is a habitat manipulation technology using refugia plants that has increased the composition and population of natural enemy insects and pollinators.
The anatomical structure of the root, stem, and branch of Gyrinops versteegii trees from different growing sites ARIEL ADIMAHAVIRA; GANIS LUKMANDARU; RINI PUJIARTI; FANANY WURI PRASTIWI; WIDYANTO DWI NUGROHO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 8 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240863

Abstract

Abstract. Adimahavira A, Lukmandaru G, Pujiharti R, Prastiwi FW, Nugroho WD. 2023. The anatomical structure of the root, stem, and branch of Gyrinops versteegii trees from different growing sites. Biodiversitas 24: 4590-4598. Gyrinops versteegii (Gilg) Domke is an agarwood (Gaharu)-producing species with a unique color and very expensive fragrance. Even so, studies on the effects of growing sites on the wood anatomical structure of several parts of G. versteegii have not been thoroughly investigated. Therefore, this research aims to investigate the anatomical structure of G. versteegii on the tree's root, stem, and branch at two different growing sites. Three five-year-old G. versteegii trees from Pacitan and Klaten Districts (Indonesia) were used for the experiment and were harvested from the root, stem, and branch. The wood samples were then put in a glutaraldehyde solution for 24 hours and later in an alcohol solution. The samples were sliced in microtome (15-20 µm) and observed in the transverse, tangential, and radial sections. The results showed that the anatomical characteristics, such as vessel diameter, ray height, ray frequency, interxylary phloem proportion, and frequency differed significantly between growing sites. Furthermore, fiber length, vessel diameter, ray height, ray frequency, and interxylary phloem proportion significantly differed among plant parts. In addition, the branch part has the highest interxylary phloem value, indicating the possibility of a high agarwood resin deposit when agarwood stimulation is applied.
Genetic relationships and genome verification of Thai banana cultivars using Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers THANITA BOONSRANGSOM; CHATTHIDAPHON FUENGHOI; DUANGPORN PREMJET; KUNLAYANEE SUVITTAWAT; KUMROP RATANASUT; KAWEE SUJIPULI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 7 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240713

Abstract

Abstract. Boonsrangsom T, Fuenghoi C, Premjet D, Suvittawat K, Ratanasut K, Sujipuli K. 2023. Genetic relationships and genome verification of Thai banana cultivars using Random Amplification of Polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Biodiversitas 24: 3758-3765. Edible bananas and plantains, belonging to the family Musaceae, genus Musa, represent one of the most important fruit crops, with an annual production of more than 65 million tons worldwide. Bananas have several hybrid variations since they are descended from the two species Musa acuminata Colla (AA genome) and Musa balbisiana Colla (BB genome). Different morphological traits divide almost hybrid bananas into various genomic groupings. Banana genome categorization and identification, however, have always been challenging issues. This study aimed to assess the genetic relationships and verify the genomes of Thai banana cultivars using random amplification of polymorphic DNA (RAPD) markers. Using the 15 selected RAPD markers, 149 RAPD bands were found, with sizes ranging from 0.2 to 3.2 kb, and 88.6% were polymorphic. Polymorphic information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.18 to 0.42, averaging 0.30. Based on the Jaccard coefficient, the unweighted pair-group method arithmetic average (UPGMA) analysis showed that the banana samples had a similarity range of 0.27 to 1.00 with a mean of 0.56, demonstrating an abundance of viability across six banana genomes. The dendrogram generated from RAPD data revealed that all 18 Musa samples could be divided into two main groups (Group I and II). Three additional subgroups were created for each primary group (A, B, and C). The accurate identification and genetic data on the available genetic resources for bananas will be beneficial for breeding and conservation programs.
Antibacterial activity of Blumea balsamifera leaf extracts from Aceh, Indonesia MASYUDI MASYUDI; ANITA NOVIYANTI; MUHAMMAD RIDHWAN; SALFAUQI NURMAN; JAILANI JAILANI; ARMI ARMI; T. M. RAFSANJANI; SAID USMAN; MUHAMMAD HANAFIAH; MARLINA MARLINA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 8 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240862

Abstract

Abstract. Masyudi, Noviyanti A, Ridhwan M, Nurman S, Jailani, Armi, Rafsanjani TM, Usman S, Hanafiah M, Marlina. 2023. Antibacterial activity of Blumea balsamifera leaf extracts from Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4584-4589. Blumea balsamifera L. has long been used as traditional medicine by communities in Aceh, Indonesia and from various parts of the world. For generations, this plant has been believed to have properties to cure various diseases. The results of the GCMS analysis of B. balsamifera leaf from Aceh-Indonesia in the previous study contain various compounds for wound healing, including borneol, jasmoline, camphor, and caryophyllene. The present study aimed to analyze the antibacterial activity of B. balsamifera leaves from Aceh. The sample was taken from the village of Gunongpulo, South Aceh-Indonesia, and the extraction process was carried out using three different types of solvents: ethanol, ethyl acetate, and n-hexane. Three variations of the extract obtained were then tested for antibacterial against Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa by analyzing the inhibitory of each extract. The results showed that the inhibition zone formed on S. aureus against ethanol extract was 2.4 mm, ethyl extract was 9.2 mm, and n-hexane extract was 2.3 mm. In comparison, the inhibition zone formed on P. aeruginosa against ethanol extract was 0 mm, ethyl extract was 9 mm, and n-hexane extract was 4.9 mm. Conclusion: B. balsamifera leaf extract from Aceh contains antibacterial, with the highest inhibition against S. aureus at 9.2 mm and Pseudomonas at 9.0 mm. It is recommended that in the process of extracting B. balsamifera leaves by maceration, the best solvent used is ethyl acetate.
Ethnobotanical study in the underexplored species of Genus Litsea (Lauraceae) in Northern Thailand NATCHA CHAISOUNG; PRATEEP PANYADEE; CHUNLIN LONG; CHATCHAI NGERNSAENGSARUAY; TANAWAT CHAOWASKU; ANGKHANA INTA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 7 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240736

Abstract

Abstract. Chaisoung N, Panyadee P, Long C, Ngernsaengsaruay C, Chaowasku T, Inta A. 2023. Ethnobotanical study in the underexplored species of Genus Litsea (Lauraceae) in Northern Thailand. Biodiversitas 24: 3977-4000. Ethnobotanical studies offer valuable insights into medicinal plant use, but accuracy is limited by the difficulty in identifying similar species during field surveys. This study aims to investigate the Genus Litsea Lam. (Lauraceae) plants in Thailand, specifically focusing on underexplored species with ethnobotanical value for future utilization. The present research aims to comprehensively analyze the ethnobotanical data by comparing the results from previous ethnobotanical documents with those obtained from our field surveys. From a comprehensive review of ethnobotanical documents published from 1996-2022, the study discovered seven species of Litsea report to be used in Thailand. In addition, a subsequent field survey from November 2019 to December 2021 revealed that 13 species were used, with 11 of these used for medicinal purposes. The study identified seven additional species not previously documented for their medicinal uses. Among these species, Litsea mollis Hemsl., Litsea glutinosa (Lour.) C.B.Rob. and Litsea martabanica (Kurz) Hook.fil. have the highest use values and hold potential for future development, particularly L. mollis and L. martabanica. We also found that Litsea species were primarily used for treating digestive disorders. This study highlighted the importance of considering taxonomic complexities and conducting field surveys to assess plant uses accurately and can serve as a foundation for future research on these species, including their chemical analysis, biological activities, and pharmacological properties.
Understanding of genes encoding bioactive compounds from potential medicinal plants in Indonesia as cancer cell inhibitors ZIDNI MUFLIKHATI; NESTI F. SIANIPAR; MAS RIZKY A. A. SYAMSUNARNO; ANAS ANAS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 8 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240846

Abstract

Abstract. Muflikhati Z, Sianipar NF, Syamsunarno MRAA, Anas. 2023. Understanding of genes encoding bioactive compounds from potential medicinal plants in indonesia as cancer cell inhibitors. Biodiversitas 24: 4645-4660. Indonesia has abundant plant diversity and enormous potential to be developed as a source of medicinal plants due to the content of bioactive chemicals in them. Potential medicinal plants from Indonesia, such as Andrographis paniculata (Sambiloto), Curcuma longa (Kunyit), Moringa oleifera (Moringa), Phyllanthus niruri (Meniran), Orthosiphon stamineus (Kumis kucing), Typhonium flagelliforme (Keladi tikus), and Zingiber officinale (Jahe), contain bioactive compounds with mechanisms that act as anticancer. Bioactive compounds with anticancer mechanisms in plants can be controlled by specific genes. Therefore, it is important to elaborate on bioactive compounds and the genes involved. This article aims to discuss the genes encoding bioactive compounds in Indonesian medicinal plants and the mechanisms that can inhibit cancer cell growth. Several genes encode anticancer compounds, such as lectin-coding genes, the stigmasterol-coding CYP710A gene, the tocopherol-coding ?-TMT gene, the fatty acid-coding FAD gene, the doxorubicin-coding DXR gene, and the chalcone synthase-coding CHS gene. These genes have mechanisms to increase the expression of several apoptosis-promoting proteins, including BCL-2 family members, in several cancer cell models. This article also describes the potential utilization and creation of molecular markers linked to genes encoding anticancer chemicals and can be used as a reference for research on medicinal plants that is still limited. Knowledge of genes encoding anticancer compounds in plants can support future research in the development of cancer drugs.
Species richness and phytogeographic affinities of rattan genus Korthalsia in Malaysia SALWA SHAHIMI; AZI AZEYANTY JAMALUDIN; AMIRRUDIN AHMAD
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 10 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241059

Abstract

Abstract. Shahimi S, Jamaludin AA, Ahmad A. 2023. Species richness and phytogeographic affinities of rattan genus Korthalsia in Malaysia. Biodiversitas 24: 5764-5778. The clustering climbing palm genus Korthalsia Blume (Arecaceae: Calamoideae: Calameae) is widespread in the Malesian region with 28 documented species. However, as many as 18 species are available in Malaysian rainforests. An inquiry was carried out in 2019 throughout Malaysia that included species richness and phytogeographic affinities for Korthalsia. Currently, Korthalsia is highly diverse in Sabah and Sarawak, with 15 species documented in this region, whereas 9 species are present in the Malay Peninsula. Species of Korthalsia were dominated by Korthalsia echinometra Becc., Korthalsia flagellaris Miq., Korthalsia hispida Becc., Korthalsia rigida Blume, and Korthalsia rostrata Blume, which suggests their prevalence in richness compared to being diverse; only 5 species found in all regions. The species accumulation curve indicates that this region's rattan community is moderately rich. There is an east-west separation for the distribution of rattan species in Peninsular Malaysia. This work's novelty reflects a new record for the distribution of K. hispida in Penang that indicates reductions in occurrence for known distributions. Perhaps underscores on significance and inadequacies related to continuous monitoring were responsible for efforts to develop a comprehensive understanding of the diversity, distribution, and potential discoveries for Korthalsia. This indicates risks from development because accessibility is improved and allows researchers to reach further terrain that previously could not be explored. However, despite this weakness, a correct checklist should be constructed for existing rainforests so Korthalsia dispersal, diversity, and richness can be correctly archived.
Harvest methods determine the yield and quality of Sonchus arvensis accessions cultivated in organic way TATIK RAISAWATI; MAYA MELATI; SANDRA ARIFIN AZIZ; MOHAMAD RAFI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 7 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240749

Abstract

Abstract. Raisawati T, Melati M, Aziz SA, Rafi M. 2023. Harvest methods determine the yield and quality of Sonchus arvensis accessions cultivated in organic way. Biodiversitas 24: 4110-4119. Sowthistle (Sonchus arvensisL.) is a wild plant species with high potential for medicinal uses. Nonetheless, the understanding of agronomical aspect of this species is still limited, hindering the large-scale cultivation efforts. This species has unique traits in term of leaves morphology in which it has rosette (old) leaves and upper (inflorescence) leaves which might require particular harvesting method to obtain optimal yield and quality. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of harvest methods on leaf production, total flavonoid content, antioxidant activity and flavonoid profiles of three accessions of sowthistle. The experiment used randomized complete block design with three replications. The first factor is harvesting methods namely gradual and simultaneous harvest of lower and upper leaves of sowthistle. The second factor is three accessions of S. arvensis namely Lembang, Tawangmangu, and Banjararum. The results showed that the simultaneous harvest resulted in higherleaf number by 65%, fresh weight by 55%, and dry weight by 60% compared to those of gradual harvest. However, the difference between fresh weight and dry weight of upper leaf was more determined by the accessions with Tawangmangu had the highest weight. Antioxidant activity of sowthistle in this study is not only caused by total flavonoid. Tawangmangu accession gradually harvested produced high lower leaf antioxidants, while those harvested simultaneously produced the highest total flavonoid contents and antioxidant activity of upper leaves. The results of HPLC analysis showed the flavonoid profiles of S. arvensis leaves which contain rutin, myricetin, luteolin, quercetin, kaempferol and apigenin. Kaempferol was the highest content of flavonoid in rosette and upper leaves. The findings of this study suggest that simultaneous harvesting is recommended to obtain high sowthistle production and quality.
Natural vegetation communities on the iron ore dumpsites in Northern Kazakhstan YELENA SIMANCHUK; GULNAR SULTANGAZINA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 6 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240637

Abstract

Abstract. Simanchuk Y, Sultangazina G. 2023. Natural vegetation communities on the iron ore dumpsites in Northern Kazakhstan. Biodiversitas 24: 3414-3423. Mining can significantly impact the landscape, clearing vegetation and causing other environmental damage. Reclamation and revegetation are often used to restore degraded land after mining. One reclamation method is passive restoration, which allows vegetation to regenerate naturally. In this study, we investigated the primary stages of syngenesis at the dumpsites of the Sokolov Sarbai Mining Production Association (SSGPO JSC), including the Sokolov and Sarbai deposits and the Kachary Ruda JSC. The age of the dumps studied ranged from two to forty years. According to the degree of syngenesis, the vegetation cover of the dumps was divided into three groups: pioneer groups, group-thicket communities, and diffuse communities. A total of sixty-three standard geobotanical descriptions were made. The composition of plant cenopopulations for saline and non-saline soils was analyzed. A comprehensive floristic analysis of the list of plants, as well as the activity of species in terms of their importance, was carried out. Dominant plants with a high class of consistency were highlighted. The study of syngenesis stages showed that, despite the long period of existence of the dumps, the formation of zonal or intrazonal communities did not occur. The initial stages of syngenesis were characterized by a random and unstable floristic composition of plant communities. The ecological species heterogeneity of the first stages of syngenesis was documented in the spread of species of different coenotic groups. It was determined that salinity slowed down the rate of syngenesis stage change, reduced the number of species, and altered floral composition in saline soils compared to non-saline ones. Even at old dump sites, the floristic composition was incomplete compared to natural phytocenoses.
[RETRACTED] Diversity of vegetation, birds, dragonflies and butterflies at coal mining reclamation sites in South Kalimantan, Indonesia SLAMET ISWORO; POERNA SRI OETARI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 10 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241020

Abstract

Abstract. Isworo S, Oetari PS. 2023. Diversity of vegetation, birds, dragonflies and butterflies at coal mining reclamation sites in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 5376-5390. Coal mining can help the country's economy, but it can also be detrimental to the environment, especially due to the reduced biodiversity in mining areas. Recovery efforts are therefore needed to reclaim post-coal mining land. The aim of the research is to identify the biodiversity of plants, birds, dragonflies, and butterflies in the coal mining reclamation area in Banjar and Tapin regencies, South Kalimantan Province, Indonesia. A biodiversity survey was conducted on eight sites representing various reclamation conditions and histories. Based on vegetation studies in the reclamation area, 136 species belonging to 101 families were found. Zone TAJ1-4 had the highest diversity index (H') at the tree, stake and sapling strata with the index of 0.96, 1.06 and 1.71, respectively. The highest diversity index at the pole stratum was recorded in the TAJ1-3 zone with 0.6. Zone TAJ5-8 had the highest diversity index at the herbaceous vegetation, with 2.33. The Fabaceae family dominates all observation sites. The species with the highest importance index for the tree stratum was Acacia mangium, the pole stratum was Albizia chinensis, Hevea brasiliensis and Vitex pinnata, the stake stratum was A. chinensis, the sapling stratum was A. mangium, and the herbaceous stratum was Ottochloa nodosa. The Sorensen Similarity Index fell into the low category (10.00% to 57.78%), showing varying directions of vegetation succession. There were 21 birds, 10 dragonflies, and 15 butterflies recorded across the observation sites. According to the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species, no recorded species is listed as protected. The results of this study might be used for the management of post-mining reclamation areas, especially in South Kalimantan.

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