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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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eDNA assessment of scleractinian diversity and distribution in Lemukutan Island, Indonesia IWAN KUNCORO; NEVIATY PUTRI ZAMANI; BEGINER SUBHAN; NI KADEK DITA CAHYANI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 7 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240758

Abstract

Abstract. Kuncoro I, Zamani NP, Subhan B, Cahyani NKD. 2023. eDNA assessment of scleractinian diversity and distribution in Lemukutan Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 4185-4191. Coral reefs are one of the most degraded and endangered tropical marine ecosystems. The study of biodiversity and its distribution is significant for biomonitoring. Lemukutan is an island that has a coral reef ecosystem with high biodiversity. This study aims to examine the biodiversity of coral species on Lemukutan Island using the Environmental DNA (eDNA) approach to survey scleractinian diversity across Lemukutan Island. Surface seawater samples were taken from five sites. eDNA sample extracted from the filter paper used for filtration Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplification was performed with Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS2) primers, and Next Generation Sequencing was used to examine the results. The result found 2,413 Amplicon Sequence Variance (ASVs) and 275,000 reads from seawater samples from 5 sites. 87 ASVs from the eukaryotic group (146,378 reads) and 1,926 ASVs from unidentified taxa (128,622 reads) were identified. The highest phylum of eukaryotic taxa obtained was Phylum Cnidaria, with 332 ASVs (72% of the total eukaryotic ASVs) and 77,428 reads (85% of the total eukaryotic reads). There are 43 species of eukaryotes, including the Cnidaria group-based eDNA. The results show 14 species of scleractinian and different species compositions from each sampling location. In conclusion, the eDNA method has sensitive results in detecting 14 scleractinian species composition without destroying habitats and organisms. Knowledge regarding species diversity and distribution of taxa with eDNA assessment can be used as a reference in monitoring coral reef ecosystems on Lemukutan Island, Indonesia.
Implementation of the Pelagic Hotspot Index in detecting the habitat suitability area for bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the eastern Indian Ocean ZABHIKA DINDA ISTNAENI; JONSON LUMBAN GAOL; MUKTI ZAINUDDIN; DEVI FITRIANAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 9 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240948

Abstract

Abstract. Istnaeni ZD, Gaol JL, Zainuddin M, Fitrianah D. 2023. Implementation of the Pelagic Hotspot Index in detecting the habitat suitability area for bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus) in the eastern Indian Ocean. Biodiversitas 24: 5044-5056. Bigeye tuna (Thunnus obesus Lowe, 1839) is a species with a high economic value that can migrate horizontally and vertically over a large area. Although sea temperature has been the main focus of previous findings, other variables can serve as a reasonable proxy. Here we used sea surface chlorophyll-a, sea surface height, subsurface sea salinity, and subsurface temperature to predict the suitable habitat area for bigeye tuna in the Eastern Indian Ocean Off Java. A Generalized Additive Model was performed to analyze the best-fit model evaluated from the p-value and Cumulative Deviance Explained. The suitability index of the selected model was calculated using Pelagic Hotspot Index constructed from multi-spectrum satellite data. The results showed that the high catches were located on the high suitable index value and supported by chlorophyll-a as the most significant factor, followed by sea surface height, temperature, and salinity. This condition was stimulated by the high feeding opportunity, which may relate to the EIO's oceanic front, eddies, and specific current patterns. This study helps identify ecological hotspots, track the migration, and monitor the seasonal closure for bigeye tuna, particularly in EIO.
Gastronomic ethnobotany of traditional vegetables among the Sundanese in rural West Java, Indonesia BUDIAWATI S. ISKANDAR; BUDI IRAWAN; DEDE MULYANTO; JOHAN ISKANDAR; AFDILAH AFINANDA; BUDI RAJAB
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 7 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240732

Abstract

Abstract. Iskandar BS, Irawan B, Mulyanto D, Iskandar J, Afinanda A, Rajab B. 2023. Gastronomic ethnobotany of traditional vegetables among the Sundanese in rural West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3932-3950. Sundanese people in West Java have been known for their tradition of consuming various vegetable plants (Lalab). This study aims to elucidate the Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) on various vegetable plants, folk classification, and use and processing of vegetable plants for family use in the rural Sundanese community in Cijambu Village, Tanjungsari Sub-district, Sumedang District, West Java, Indonesia. This study employed mixed qualitative and quantitative methods with an ethnobotanical and gastronomic approach. The results showed that 67 different local varieties (landraces) of vegetable plants were documented from 65 species, representing 56 genera and 27 families that the Sundanese people of Cijambu commonly use. These vegetable plants can be classified into three categories: vegetable source, part used, and use and processing of vegetables. The people obtain their vegetables from various sources, such as their homegardens, gardens, rice fields, Perhutani agroforests, and other non-farming sources, including markets, small village shops, and vegetable sellers. The parts of vegetable plants usually consumed by the people of Cijambu Village can be divided into eight parts: the bulb, flower, fruit, leaf, rhizome, root/tuber, seed, and shoot. The vegetable plants are traditionally consumed as fresh raw salad and cooked vegetables, spices, and at least 12 main or basic types of Sundanese food meals, namely various Acar, Asinan, Buntil, Karedok, Lodeh, Lotek, Rujak, Sambel, Sayur/Angeun, Semur, Tumis/Oseng, and Urab with a total of 58 kinds of food meals. At the same time, various Sundanese chili sauces (Sambel) were documented in at least 14 types. Based on ethnobotanical gastronomy, the Sundanese community's cultural practice of consuming Lalab results from a complex interaction between human communities, food, and their local environment.
Isolation and identification of osmophilic yeasts from Indonesian honeys collected from South Kalimantan, Banten, and East Java Provinces (Indonesia) MEILIA PRIHARTINI; SYOFI ROSMALAWATI; CATUR SRIHERWANTO; ANIS HERLIYATI MAHSUNAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 7 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240751

Abstract

Abstract. Prihartini M, Rosmalawati S, Sriherwanto C, Mahsunah AH. 2023. Isolation and identification of osmophilic yeasts from Indonesian honeys collected from South Kalimantan, Banten, and East Java Provinces (Indonesia). Biodiversitas 24: 4126-4135. Certain yeasts possess the remarkable ability to thrive in the challenging conditions characterized by high sugar levels and low water activity commonly found in honey. However, limited research has been conducted on yeasts isolated from honey in Indonesia. To address this gap, honey samples were collected from three provinces in Indonesia: South Kalimantan, Banten, and East Java. A total of ten isolates were obtained and subjected to comprehensive morphological, physiological, and biochemical characterization. Among these isolates, four (M 1.4, M 1.6, M 1.8, and M 2.4) were selected for molecular identification using ITS1 and ITS4 primers. Through sequencing of the Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) region and performing homology analysis using BLAST on NCBI, it was determined that the M 1.4 and M 1.8 isolates belong to the Zygosaccharomyces genus with a percentage identity of ?97%. The M 2.4 isolate was classified as the Schizosaccharomyces genus with a percentage identity of ?98%, while the M 1.6 isolate was identified as Zygosaccharomyces siamensis with a percentage identity of ?99%. All four isolates exhibited osmophilic characteristics and demonstrate significant potential as valuable microorganisms for future investigations.
Chemical compositions, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of kepel (Stelechocarpus burahol) fruit flesh and peel extracts DEWI SUNDARI; DESI SUCI HANDAYANI; VENTY SURYANTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 9 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240907

Abstract

Abstract. Sundari D, Handayani DS, Suryanti V. 2023. Chemical compositions, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of kepel (Stelechocarpus burahol) fruit flesh and peel extracts. Biodiversitas 24: 4668-4675. Kepel (Stelechocarpus burahol (Bl.) Hook f. & Th.) has been utilized by royalty in Java, Indonesia as perfume, deodorant and anti-agingagent. S. burahol fruit flesh has diuretic properties and can helpavoid kidney irritation. S. buraholpossesses anti-hyperuricemia and xanthine oxidase inhibitory properties, as well as antiseptic, anti-inflammatory, and antioxidant activity. Chemical contents and biological activities of S. burahol fruit and peel extracts were investigated in the present study. Based on GC-MS spectra, methanol fruits extract contains dodecanoic acid-1,2,3-propanetriyl ester. Methanol peel extract contains hexadecanoic acid methyl ester; 2,6,10,15,19,23-hexamethyl-2,6,10,14,18,22-tetracosahexaene and dodecanoic acid-1,2,3-propanetriyl ester. Ethyl acetate peel extract contains dodecanoic acid-1,2,3-propanetriyl ester. LC-MS analysis revealed that ethyl acetate fruit flesh extract contains pelargonidin-malonylrhamnoside (anthocyanins), 8-epiiridodial glucoside tetraacetate (isoprenoid), epigallocatechin gallate (catechin) and 5-octadecenal (fatty aldehydes). Ethyl acetate fruit peel extract contains 1,5-dicaffeoylquinic acid (flavonoid), 1,6-di-o-galloylglucose (tannins), luteolin 7-O-glucoside (cynaroside),methyl hemiacetal in 3,4-DHPEA-EA (iridoids). Methanol extract of fruit flesh has strong antioxidant activity, whereas three other extracts have very strong antioxidant activities. S. burahol peel extract inhibited the S. aureus growth at a concentration extract of 15,000 to 25,000 ppm. These antioxidant and antibacterial activities are associated with the chemical composition of S. burahol fruit flesh and peel extracts. Further research into other biological functions and in vivo investigations are required for future studies.
Characterization of 16S rRNA of the gut microbiome in long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) with spontaneous type 2 diabetes mellitus PRAMESTY WULAN RAMADHANTY; UUS SAEPULOH; IRMA HERAWATI SUPARTO; HUDA SHALAHUDIN DARUSMAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 11 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241141

Abstract

Abstract. Ramadhanty PW, Saepuloh U, Suparto IH, Darusman HS. 2023. Characterization of 16S rRNA of the gut microbiome in long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) with spontaneous type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biodiversitas 24: 6191-6199. The gut microbiota in the body is very complex and varied. It is known to influence human health. Imbalance (dysbiosis) of the gut microbiota can lead to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) and become a new feature in the development of the disease. Several human studies have compared the bacterial community in T2DM and non-T2DM patients. Until now, research on gut microbiota associated with T2DM in non-human primate animal models is still rare. T2DM can be developed by long-tailed macaque with clinical features similar to humans, which provides important information about the relationship between gut microbiota and T2DM. This study aims to characterize full-length 16S rRNA genes to obtain gut microbiota profiles in long-tailed macaques with and without spontaneous T2DM. The characterization was carried out using a metagenomic approach targeted at the full-length 16S rRNA gene with Nanopore technology (GridION) as one of the third-generation sequencing. The sample used was rectal swabs from adult male long-tailed macaques in the spontaneous T2DM group (n=3) and non-T2DM group (n=3). An increase in the alpha diversity, Firmicutes phylum, Oscillibacter genus, Oscillibacter valericigenes, and Oscillibacter ruminantium species, as well as a decrease in the Proteobacteria phylum were found in the T2DM group. The Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio was also increased in the T2DM group compared to the non-T2DM group, which indicates dysbiosis. Based on these results, the metagenomic marker of the gut microbiome T2DM was obtained in long-tailed macaque primates, similar to humans with T2DM.
Production potential of sago forests in different habitat types in Sentani watershed, Papua, Indonesia PETRUS A. DIMARA; RIS HADI PURWANTO; AMILDA AURI; RUSDI ANGRIANTO; WOLFRAM Y. MOFU
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 7 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240731

Abstract

Abstract. Dimara PA, Purwanto RH, Auri A, Angrianto R, Mofu WY. 2023. Production potential of sago forests in different habitat types in Sentani watershed, Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 24: 3924-3931. Sago possesses a substantial carbohydrate content, rendering it a promising alternative for ensuring food security. This study aimed to assess the potential for sago production in Sentani watershed, Papua Province, Indonesia across diverse growing environments, namely dryland, temporarily flooded, and prolonged flooded habitats. This research combined spatial analysis and field-based study. Spatial analysis utilized Landsat 8 satellite imagery from the year of 2021 analyzed using supervised classification and overlay methods to differentiate sago habitat types. Field study used the combination of line transect and systematic circular plot methods to assess the structure and composition of sago vegetation. Field study also determined starch yield of sago plant by felling the plant and extracting the starch. The results showed that there are 13 local sago varieties according to the Sentani language, namely ebhesum, folo, hobholo, manno, phane, phara, rondo, ruruna, osukhulu, wani, yakhalobe, yakhe, and yebha. Sago plants growing on dryland, temporarily flooded, and prolonged flooded habitats covered an area of 1,246.35 ha (15.89%), 4,820.49 ha (61.46%), and 1,775.92 ha (22.64%), respectively. The plant grew in clumps with 10, 13, and 8 varieties in the dryland, temporarily flooded, and prolonged flooded habitats, respectively. The total starch production reached 13,999.57 tons.year-1with production in dryland, temporarily, and prolonged flooded habitats amounting to 2,132.88 tons.year-1, 1,031.39 tons.year-1, and 1,335.31 tons.year-1, respectively. Meanwhile, the areas with the highest starch production were West Sentani, Sentani, and Waibu Sub-districts for the dry, temporary, and flooded habitats. Our findings suggest that two sago varieties, namely pharaand yebha, are recommended for cultivation because they are more adaptive and have high starch yield compared to other sago varieties.
SDS-PAGE protein profile of albumin extracted by steaming from four marine and three brackish-water fishes NUR FATMA; METUSALACH METUSALACH; NURPUDJI ASTUTI TASLIM; MALA NURILMALA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 7 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240740

Abstract

Abstract. Fatma N, Metusalach, Taslim NA, Nurilmala M. 2023. SDS-PAGE protein profile of albumin extracted by steaming from four marine and three brackish-water fishes. Biodiversitas 24: 4027-4033. Snakehead fish is a type of fish that has been known as the best source of fish albumin. However, the increasing demand for and exploitation of snakehead fish albumin is not accompanied by the availability of sustainable snakehead fish stocks. Snakehead fish stocks in nature continue to experience depletion and cultivation efforts that have been carried out so far have not yielded satisfactory results. For this reason, it is necessary to find alternative sources of fish albumin. The purpose of this study was to determine the molecular weight of the albumin proteins extracted by water bath steaming from four marine fishes (Indian scad Decapterus russelli, short-bodied mackerel Rastrelliger brachysoma, goldband fusilier Pterocaesio chrysozona, Japanese threadfin bream Nemipterus japonicus) and three brackish-water fishes (white-lipped eel catfish Paraplotosus albilabris, barramundi Lates calcarifer, milkfish Chanos chanos). The method used was Sodium Dodecyl Sulfate Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) electrophoresis. Each sample was steamed in a water bath at 50°C for 30 minutes to obtain the crude extract's optimal yield and albumin content. The molecular weights of each protein band were analyzed using the Photocapt application, visualized and tabulated, and analyzed descriptively. Indian scad had six protein bands with three major (48 kD, 37 kD, 32 kD) and three minor bands (66 kD, 25 kD, 15 kD). Shortbodied mackerel had one major protein band (26 kD). Goldband fusilier had one major (33 kD) and four minor bands (50 kD, 69 kD, 57 kD, 26 kD). Japanese threadfin bream had one major (62 kD) and three minor bands (171 kD, 72 kD, 26 kD). White-lipped eel catfish had two major (41 kD, 34 kD and two minor bands (70 kD, 26 kD). Barramundi had one major (26 kD) and two minor bands (171 kD, 87 kD). Milkfish had one major (41 kD) and four minor bands (333 kD, 135 kD, 31 kD, 25 kD). It is hoped that this research will provide information on which fish have the potential as a source of fish albumin in terms of protein composition which resembles snakehead fish so that the properties provided are as good as albumin from snakehead fish.
The analytical performance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus megaterium microbial consortium as recognition element in ethanol biosensor NURDIANI NURDIANI; DYAH ISWANTINI; NOVIK NURHIDAYAT; WULAN TRI WAHYUNI; AGUS KARTONO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 11 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d241111

Abstract

Abstract. Nurdiani, Iswantini D, Nurhidayat N, Wahyuni WT, Kartono A. 2023. The analytical performance of Saccharomyces cerevisiae and Bacillus megaterium microbial consortium as recognition element in ethanol biosensor. Biodiversitas 24: 5928-5936. Alcohol, particularly ethanol, is commonly found in human food and plays a significant role in degenerative diseases and disability. Accurate measurement of alcohol in food products is essential to ensure adherence to the Muslim halal rule. However, existing alcohol biosensor that relies on a single microbe has limitations in measuring a wide range of ethanol concentrations. To address this issue, a microbial consortium is needed to expand the measurable range. Therefore, this study aimed to develop an innovative biosensor to widen the range of measured ethanol concentrations based on the microbial consortium of Saccharomyces cerevisiae YSAPMI.2 and Bacillus megaterium BSAPMI.1. The performance of the biosensor was evaluated using the cyclic voltammetry method. The results showed that the linear range, linearity, coefficient of determination, sensitivity, and response time, were 0.02-6.0%, 0.9968, 0.9936, 83.157 µA (%)-1, and 11 seconds. The LoD ??and LoQ theoretical values ??of the method obtained in the ethanol oxidation reaction were 0.060% and 0.182%, respectively. The confirmatory test for the LoD value of 0.01% yielded a positive response, while the confirmed LoQ value of 0.02% showed good precision and accuracy. The biosensor had precise %RSD values of 0.568, 1.338, and 4.632% for the high, medium, and low ethanol concentrations, respectively. The accuracy reflected as the recovery percentage was in the range of 90.27-111.07%. The biosensor was relatively specific and had no interferences with common ethanol compounds including methanol, sodium chloride, formic acid, and glucose. The stability obtained with biofilm showed a better result reaching 88% in 70 days. Based on the result, this microbial consortium biosensor could widen the range of measured ethanol concentrations and should be further developed to create a prototype for an accurate and practical analysis.
The current state of the cenopopulations of Adonis tianschanica (Adolf) Lipsch. (Ranunculaceae) in Southeast Kazakhstan KANAT KULYMBET; NASHTAY MUKHITDINOV; SERIK KUBENTAYEV; KURALAY TYNYBAYEVA; ASEM TASTANBEKOVA; MERUYERT KURMANBAYEVA; YUSUFJON GAFFOROV; RAUSHAN KAPARBAY; MOLDIR ZHUMAGUL
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 24 No. 8 (2023)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d240817

Abstract

Abstract. Kulymbet K, Mukhitdinov N, Kubentayev S, Tynybayeva K, Tastanbekova A, Kurmanbayeva M, Gafforov Y, Kaparbay R, Zhumagul M. 2023. The current state of the cenopopulations of Adonis tianschanica (Adolf) Lipsch. (Ranunculaceae) in Southeast Kazakhstan. Biodiversitas 24: 4359-4372. Adonis tianschanica (Adolf) Lipsch. is a rare, sub-endemic species growing in the Tien Shan mountains with declining numbers, making it listed in the Red Book of Kazakhstan. The aim of the study is to investigate the distribution and abundance of A. tianschanica cenopopopulations (CP) in its natural habitats in southeastern Kazakhstan as well as assess soil characteristics, biological and arealogical features, including the ontogenetic structure of cenopopopulations. Five cenopopulations (CP) of A. tianschanica were identified, namely two CPs in Ketmen Ridge (Kegen Pass), two CPs in Dzungarian Alatau (Tekeli Gorge) and one CP in Terskey Alatau (Saryzhaz). Vegetation data were collected using the traditional methods of field geobotanical studies based on the ecological-physiognomic approach.Plant communities having dominant species from a single ecobiomorph and ecologically related species groups.We complemented the population analysis with a soil properties map compiled from existing cartographic and available literature. The results of this study indicated the low number of A. tianschanica individuals in all CPs, which is likely due to the biological characteristics of the species (i.e. low seed production and seedling recruitment and the lack of vegetative regeneration) as well as environmental factors, and anthropogenic impact, mainly grazing with. We found that the total number of individuals of A. tianschanica in the five cenopopulations was 106 individuals. The average density of the species varied from 1.3 to 3.1 plants/m2 with CP2 being the highest and CP5 the lowest. The five cenopopulations were classified based on the absolute maxima of ontogenetic groups. There were two maxima in the age composition of individuals in CPs 3 and 4: the first (18.8-42.1%) was a group of vegetative plants (v), and the second (21.1-50.0%) was a group of young generative plants (g1). The natural state of the habitat of this cenopopulation can be explained as more favorable than others. In CP2, the absolute maximum corresponded to vegetative plants group (v) (37.0%). In CP5, young generative individuals (g1) and mature generative (g2) predominated (from 30.8% to 38.4%). In terms of age composition, the state of A. tianschanica cenopopulations is considered relatively satisfactory but demonstrated a low level of abundance. It has been established that the state of the species populations in the studied regions is affected by soil conditions, changes in climatic conditions and anthropogenic impact.

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