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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Response of transgenic tobacco with P5CS gene expression to polyethylene glycol-induced drought stress AHMAD RIDUAN; DJOKO SANTOSO; SUDARSONO SUDARSONO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 10 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251057

Abstract

Abstract. Riduan A, Santoso D, Sudarsono. 2024. Response of transgenic tobacco with P5CS gene expression to polyethylene glycol-induced drought stress. Biodiversitas 25: 3974-3984. Drought stress, a significant obstacle in plant growth and production, can be effectively addressed with the use of polyethylene glycol (PEG). This treatment has shown promise in screening plant germplasm responses to drought stress. The objectives of this experiment were to determine the effects of stress due to PEG treatment at 0%, 5%, or 10% concentration on growth, leaf proline content, and their correlation to stress responses in the T1 seedlings derived from five T0 transgenic Gombel Shili (GS) tobacco P5CS. Positive results of total nucleic acid PCR analysis in T1 seedling populations derived from each of the T0 plants indicated that the regenerated T0 plants were transgenic tobacco integrating P5CS transgene. Results of the experiment revealed that the effects of stress due to PEG treatment indicated stress due to PEG treatment (5% or 10%) reduced the growth plants of all tobacco plants. The stress sensitivity index categorized the T1 plants P5CS transgenic GS tobacco into tolerance, medium tolerance, and sensitivity against PEG-induced stress. Notably, the T1 plants P5CS transgenic GS tobacco exhibited better growth with higher plant height, leaf, biomass, and root dry weight compared to non-transgenic tobacco under stress and non-stress conditions. The over-expression of the P5CS gene led to a significant increase in leaf proline content after drought stress was observed in all transgenic tobacco compared to non-transgenic tobacco.
Non-synonymous Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) on Growth Differentiation Factor 9 as candidate gene for reproduction in Indonesian local cattle IRMA IRMA; SITI DARODJAH RASAD; NENA HILMIA; CECE SUMANTRI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 11 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251101

Abstract

Abstract. Irma, Rasad SD, Hilmia N, Sumantri C. 2024. Non-synonymous Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs) on Growth Differentiation Factor 9 as candidate gene for reproduction in Indonesian local cattle. Biodiversitas 25: 4011-4019. Reproduction is a biological process that plays an essential role in livestock production. In mammals, the tendency to spontaneously conceive and maintain an embryo is a complex biological process affected by environmental and genetic factors, such as Growth Differentiation Factor 9 (GDF9). Therefore, this study aims to analyze the diversity of the GDF9 gene in the three breeds of cattle (Bos taurus), namely Peranakan Ongole (PO), Belgian Blue (BB), and its crossbreed (BB×PO) by molecular sequencing. A total of 20 blood samples were taken from cattle in the Livestock Embryo Centre, Bogor, Indonesia. DNA was extracted with genomic kit protocol followed by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) were then analyzed using Sanger sequencing. Sequence analysis was performed using Bio-Edit, Finch TV, and Molecular Evolutionary Genetic Analysis (MEGA) software. Variables analyses were allele and genotype frequency. The results showed that there were five non-synonymous mutations, namely c.589T>G (rs525937888), c.659T>G, c.974C>G, c.1105T>A, and c.1358G>A. These missense mutations altered the amino acid of GDF9 protein at position p.197Phe>Val, p.220Leu>Arg, p.325Ser>Cis, p.369Trp>Arg, and p.453Arg>His, respectively. The results also showed that the mutation prevalence wasigher in Peranakan Ongole compared to Belgian Blue and its crossbreed. 
Identification of 16S rRNA genes in bacteriocin-producing bacteria SUKMAWATI SUKMAWATI; SIPRIYADI SIPRIYADI; FEBRIANTI ROSALINA; RATNA RATNA; NURUL KUSUMA DEWI; MOHD IHWAN BIN ZAKARIAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 10 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251034

Abstract

Abstract. Sukmawati S, Sipriyadi, Rosalina F, Ratna, Dewi NK, Zakariah MIB. 2024. Identification of 16S rRNA genes in bacteriocin-producing bacteria. Biodiversitas 25: 3720-3727. The use of safe and effective biopreservatives in the food industry is highly important to extend the product shelf life and maintain the product quality without posing health risks. Bacteriocins, antimicrobial compounds produced by bacteria, offer biopreservatives potential that can inhibit the growth of pathogens and spoilage microorganisms in food products. Bacteriocins as biopreservatives in the food industry due to their antimicrobial properties and potential to enhance food safety and shelf life. Bacteriocins as biopreservatives are stable at high temperatures, which makes them suitable for various food processes. They are also stable across a broad pH range, ensuring their effectiveness in different food environments. This stability under various conditions instills confidence in their effectiveness. This study aimed to identify the 16S rRNA gene of bacteriocin-producing bacteria as an initial step in developing biopreservative candidates. This research method is a descriptive method that describes the types of bacterial species that are capable of producing bacteriocins. Bacteria were isolated from shrimp paste (cincalok), and genetic analysis was performed using PCR and sequencing techniques to identify the 16S rRNA gene. The bacterial samples derived from shrimp paste were identified as Bacillus paramycoides strain MCCC 1A04098 BSH 1, Bacillus albus strain MCCC 1A02146 BSH 2, and Bacillus cereus strain IAM 12605 BSH. All three samples are Gram-positive with bacilli-shaped cells, leading to the conclusion that these bacteria have the potential as biopreservatives.
Characteristics of six cherry tomato genotypes as genetic material for plant breeding programs ANUNG WAHYUDI; NURMAN ABDUL HAKIM; MICHO SANDEKA RACHMAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 10 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251045

Abstract

Abstract. Wahyudi A, Hakim NA, Rachman MS. 2024. Characteristics of six cherry tomato genotypes as genetic material for plant breeding programs. Biodiversitas 25: 3850-3859. The morphological characteristics of tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicum L.) are a source of genetic variation in efforts to improve the quality of tomatoes in plant breeding programs. Breeding programs focus on developing genotypes with high fruit set and yield potential. Cherry tomatoes are often selected for their prolific fruiting capabilities. This study aimed to determine the morphological characteristics of six cherry tomato plant varieties. This study used a Randomized Block Design (RBD) comprising four introduced hybrid cherry tomato varieties from Japan (Chika, Chou Amai, Premium Ruby, and Aiko) with two commercial hybrid varieties from PT. Bintang Asia (Citra Asia F1 and Rempai), each with three replications. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) at a 5% significance level, and orthogonal contrast analysis was adopted for mean value testing. Observations of qualitative characteristics were conducted from the vegetative phase through post-harvest. The results showed that Japanese-introduced tomatoes were superior in fruit length, sweetness, and number of fruits per plant. Meanwhile, the Chika tomato variety was superior in the number of leaves under the first bunch (8.67), weight of 10 fruits (280 g), fruit width (3.75 cm), and flesh thickness (0.45 cm). The Premium Ruby variety was superior in fruit sweetness (7.9 ºbrix) and in harvest age (64 DAT). In comparison, the Aiko variety showed superiority in bunch length (22.57 cm) and number of fruits per plant (238.33). The characteristics of introduced hybrid cherry tomato varieties from Japan can be used as material for assembling new cultivars. These findings have direct implications for increasing tomato productivity in Indonesia, providing valuable insights for future breeding programs.
Wildlife existence and potential threats in Pelangi Forest Biosite of Ijen Geopark, East Java, Indonesia ARIF MOHAMMAD SIDDIQ; AGUNG SIH KURNIANTO; HARI SULISTIYOWATI; MUHAMAD TENTREM WIJAYA; TRI RATNASARI; NILASARI DEWI; EVA TYAS UTAMI; TANTRI RARAS AYUNINGTYAS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 11 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251147

Abstract

Abstract. Siddiq AM, Kurnianto AS, Sulistiyowati H, Wijaya MT, Ratnasari T, Dewi N, Utami ET, Ayuningtyas TR. 2024. Wildlife existence and potential threats in Pelangi Forest Biosite of Ijen Geopark, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4487-4497. A comprehensive study of the diverse wildlife and potential threats at the Pelangi Forest Biosite (Rainbow Forest Biosite, RFB) of Ijen Geopark, East Java, Indonesia was conducted in May 2023. Bird and primate observations were carried out using the point count method, while herpetofauna observation was conducted using the Visual Encounter Survey (VES). Data collection on potential threats to community activities in the RFB used a questionnaire survey method. Data analysis used the Diversity Index (H’), Existence factor (Ef), and scale-Likert for potential threats. The Pelangi Forest is home to an impressive 62 wildlife species, including six amphibian species, nine reptile species, 46 bird species, and one primate species. The value of wildlife species diversity in RFB, calculated using the Shannon-Wiener index, is remarkably high (H= 3.48). The wildlife species in the Pelangi Forest had an average existence value of 41.94%, indicating a moderate uniqueness level, with the Javan lutung (Trachypithecus auratus (É.Geoffroy Saint-Hilaire, 1812)) standing out with the highest Ef value (80%). According to Likert-scale analysis, potential threats to biodiversity in the RFB of Ijen Geopark are relatively low (23.54%). However, some crucial notes for evaluating the conservation plan, namely the illegal poaching or hunting of wildlife species, such as birds and large mammals, still occur. Therefore, implementing education-based tourism, such as birdwatching or wildlife observation, can increase awareness and knowledge about conservation for tourists and society.
Mapping coral reefs growth using drone imagery in Gili Labak Island, Sumenep District, East Java, Indonesia FIRMAN FARID MUHSONI; ADNIN TAMHIDA SHOBRINA SALSABIL; SAFA SAFA; MUHAMMAD ZAINURI; ABU BAKAR SAMBA; ELYS FAUZYAH; DEDI IRAWAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260317

Abstract

Abstract. Muhsoni FF, Salsabil ATS, Safa, Zainuri M, Samba AB, Fauzyah E, Irawan D. 2025. Mapping coral reefs growth using drone imagery in Gili Labak Island, Sumenep District, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 1180-1188. The benthic habitat serves as the dwelling place for diverse aquatic organisms, primarily characterized by coral reefs. Meanwhile, Gili Labak Island, Sumenep District, East Java, Indonesia has a well-preserved marine ecosystem, including coral reefs, seagrass beds, and other marine organisms. A drone is one of the platforms that can be used to map benthic habitats, which has the advantages of relatively low cost, the ability to monitor temporal changes over a short period, and the capacity to use multispectral sensors. In this research, drone imagery or Unmanned Aerial vehicles from 2021 and 2022 were used. The classification method used was the supervised maximum likelihood, and accuracy testing was conducted using a confusion matrix. In addition, coral reef cover data was directly collected using the Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) method in September 2023. The classification results using the supervised maximum likelihood method with drone imagery were able to identify changes in coral reefs from 2021 to 2022. The accuracy test results showed an overall accuracy ranging from 74.20% to 86.47% (2021 data) and 79.94% to 90.87% (2022 data). The kappa coefficient values obtained were 71.80% to 82.72% (2021 data) and 70.33% to 89.25% for 2022 data. Drone imagery has proven to be useful in observing coral growth through changes in coverage. In this study, changes in live coral coverage (Acropora, Goniastrea, Mycedium, Pocillopora, Porites, and Stylophora) between 2021 and 2022 were observed. At Station 1, the coral coverage increased from 176.77 m² (30.95%) to 323.18 m² (57.43%). At Station 2, it decreased from 740.25 m² (75.21%) to 462.61 m² (47.68%). At Station 3, it decreased from 422.11 m² (94.91%) to 377.44 m² (86.26%). The percentage of coral reef cover using the average Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) method was 61.66%. This study demonstrates that the application of high-resolution drone imagery, along with mapping and monitoring methods, can be used to detect changes in coral reef conditions, providing valuable information for management and conservation strategies.
Mapping of Sapuka Islands water areas, South Sulawesi, Indonesia using Marxan technology for coral reef conservation JAYA JAYA; ROSWIYANTI ROSWIYANTI; ABDUL RAUF; ANDI NUR APUNG MASSISENG; LUKMAN DARIS; ST ZAENAB
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 12 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251239

Abstract

Abstract. Yaya J, Roswiyanti R, Rauf A, Massiseng ANA, Daris L, Zaenab S. 2024. Mapping of Sapuka Islands water areas, South Sulawesi, Indonesia using Marxan technology for coral reef conservation. Biodiversitas 25: 5012-5023. Mapping coastal and marine conservation areas is essential for supporting sustainable resource management and promoting designated utilization practices. This study aimed to assess the condition of coral reefs and develop a map of conservation zones in the Sapuka Islands' waters, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. The study's novelty lies in providing an updated status of coral reef conditions and identifying optimal zones for conservation within the Sapuka Islands. Data were collected through direct observation, Focus Group Discussions (FGD), social mapping, GPS-based coordinate tracking, underwater photo transects, and the identification of planning units, conservation features, and cost metrics. Findings indicated a decline in coral reef area over the past three years, with coverage reducing from 6,094.67 ha in 2022 to 5,771.67 ha in 2023 and further to 5,559.67 ha in 2024. Several coral genera were identified, including Euphyllia, Acropora, Montipora, Pocillopora, Giniastrea, Sinularia, and Porites. The Marxan analysis identified a core conservation zone encompassing 6,950 ha, distributed across the waters of Sapuka Caddi Island (6,575 ha) and Pelokang Island (375 ha).
Using morphometric characters to estimate leaf productivity of seagrass Halophila major Robba Fahrisy Darus; Dietriech Geoffrey Bengen; Neviaty Putri Zamani; Meutia Samira Ismet
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 12 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251237

Abstract

Abstract. Darus RF, Bengen DG, Zamani NP, Ismet MS. 2024. Using morphometric characters to estimate leaf productivity of seagrass Halophila major. Biodiversitas 25: 4994-5004. Halophila major is a seagrass species with new records in Indonesia. This species was described based on morphometric characteristics and DNA sequencing. In this study, we expand our understanding about this species by looking at its leaf productivity. This study aims to determine the productivity of H. major leaves collected across various locations of Indonesian waters and analyses its relationship with morphometric characters. Morphometric characters (Leaf Length-LL, Leaf Width-LW, and Leaf Area-LA) were used to see the correlation with leaf productivity parameters, namely Leaf Dry Weight (LDW), Specific Leaf Area (SLA), Biomass (BIO), and Carbon Concentration (CS) estimated using allometric methods. The result of this study indicates that the biomass of H. major is greater than H. ovalis, its closest relative. LL and LW were more strongly correlated with LDW compared to LA. Biomass was also greatly influenced by LL and LDW. Leaf productivity variation is affected by the leaf size, suggesting that leaf productivity can be used to distinguish seagrass species under the similar genus. This study showed that allometric equations can be used quickly to assess the biomass of small seagrasses. However, more data is needed for knowing and interpreting a character in new seagrass species. Hence, this study must be replicated for other seagrass species.
Population and distribution patterns of juvenile scleractinian corals in Sempu Island Nature Reserve, East Java, Indonesia ANDIK ISDIANTO; SYAFRIAL YANUAR ISHAQ; ADE YAMINDAGO; FENI IRANAWATI; ADI TIYA YANUAR; LISA NUR HIDAYAH; KRISTINA MARSELA; WIRASTIKA ADHIHAPSARI; TRI DJOKO LELONO; AULIA LANUDIA FATHAH; DINI ATIKAWATI; BERLANIA MAHARDIKA PUTRI; NOVAR KURNIA WARDANA; SUPRIYADI SUPRIYADI; OKTIYAS MUZAKY LUTHFI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 10 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251010

Abstract

Abstract. Isdianto A, Ishaq SY, Yamindago A, Iranawati F, Yanuar AT, Hidayah LN, Marsela K, Adhihapsari W, Lelono TD, Fathah AL, Atikawati D, Putri BM, Wardana NK, Supriyadi, Luthfi OM. 2024. Population and distribution patterns of juvenile scleractinian corals in Sempu Island Nature Reserve, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 3480-3490. Coral reefs, which play a vital role in tropical marine ecosystems, are threatened by anthropogenic and natural stressors, despite their important ecological and economic roles. This study examines the resilience of coral ecosystems through the lens of juvenile coral populations at Floating House Beach, which is part of the Sempu Island Nature Reserve, East Java, Indonesia. Using the Underwater Photo Transect (UPT) method along a 100-meter reference line with a 1 × 1-meter transect, our study found that coral cover was severely damaged, with live coral cover of only 18.67% and 17.61% at two observation stations, which was dominated by the life form CM (Coral Massive) at both stations. However, twelve juvenile coral genera were identified that showed potential for natural recovery, namely Acropora, Favia, Favites, Galaxea, Leptoseris, Montipora, Mycedium, Platygyra, Pocillopora, Porites, Stylophora, and Turbinaria. Juvenile coral densities were low, at 0.55 and 0.88 colonies/m², indicating a very low coral recruitment category with Pocillopora being the most common. Spatial distribution, analyzed using the Morisita Index, showed a predominantly clumped arrangement (Ip>0), indicating non-random aggregation of juveniles. The results of this study highlight the significant impact of environmental stressors on juvenile coral communities and underscore the urgent need for targeted conservation efforts to support coral resilience and recovery.
Ecosophy as a form of protection for the Tapanuli Orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis) in the Batang Toru Landscape, North Sumatra, Indonesia YUDHA LESMANA; SAMBAS BASUNI; RINEKSO SOEKMADI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 25 No. 11 (2024)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d251152

Abstract

Abstract. Lesmana Y, Basuni S, Soekmadi R. 2024. Ecosophy as a form of protection for the Tapanuli Orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis) in the Batang Toru Landscape, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 25: 4535-4542. Forest clearing for economic development often conflicts with saving biodiversity. Forest clearing by humans to date has been anthropocentric in its utilization of forest resources, which are still classified as exploitative in the Batang Toru Landscape, South Tapanuli District, North Sumatra, Indonesia. As a result, the Tapanuli orangutan (Pongo tapanuliensis) become alienated in its own home and migrates to community gardens for get food. The community considers orangutans to be very cruel by stealing and destroying their plantation products, which results in a decrease in economic income, triggering human-orangutan conflict. Local communities carry out evictions in various ways based on their initiatives and experiences. This study aims to analyze the concept of ecosophy (ecological philosophy)and factors of human-orangutan conflict as an alternative conservation of wild and endangered species protection. The research location focused on six sub-districts of the Tapanuli orangutan range in the other-use forest area of South Tapanuli District. This research used qualitative methods through interviews and discussions with communities living around the forest. The results showed that the concept of ecosophy can integrate intellectual, spiritual, and emotional dimensions at all levels of education for public awareness of the importance of protecting the Tapanuli orangutan. Higher levels of education showed positive results towards saving the Tapanuli orangutan. This study suggests that a long-term solution to human-orangutan conflict requires a comprehensive approach that emphasizes the ecosophy between humans and nature.

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