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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Lek habitat and behavior of the greater bird-of-paradise in South Papua, Indonesia YENI A. MULYANI; ANI MARDIASTUTI; PUJI RAHAYU; MURTINI MURTINI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 10 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261021

Abstract

Abstract. Mulyani YA, Mardiastuti A, Rahayu P, Murtini. 2025. Lek habitat and behavior of the greater bird-of-paradise in South Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 5057-5066. The greater bird-of-paradise (Paradisaea apoda) is renowned for its extraordinarily beautiful display in its lek mating system. Given the threat posed by this endemic species from hunting and habitat conversion, a conservation effort is critical. However, data on its bio-ecology remain limited. This study aims to describe the characteristics of the lek tree and its surroundings as a lek habitat, and lek behavior, especially concerning the males on the lek trees during courtship display. The research was conducted in a post-logging timber concession company in South Papua in July 2023, through direct observations of behavior and the lek tree habitat. Two lek trees were identified, but observation was focused on one lek tree. The lek tree was a tall, emergent tree of Gironniera sp. (27 m, clear bole height 17 m; diameter 39.7 cm), surrounded by a dense tree canopy. The dominant trees in the lek site included Litsea firma, Vatica rassak, and Syzygium sp., with importance value indices of 41.79%, 31.33%, and 28.17%, respectively. The observation period at the lek tree spanned 7 days, totaling 303 minutes; lekking activity occurred from 6:00 am to 10:00 am and 2:00 to 4:15 pm. The behavior of the male birds could be categorized into arrival of a male host, arrival of other males, arrival of females, initiation of dance rituals by males, male selection by females, mounting and copulation, departure of females, and departure of males. Mounting was observed only twice by a single male. The males’ frequent loud calls during lekking make them highly detectable and prone to illegal hunting. The lek trees in this post-logging area indicated the importance of habitat management for species conservation. Protecting lek habitats by controlling logging operations and developing avitourism initiatives are important approaches to support the conservation of the greater bird-of-paradise and regional biodiversity in South Papua.
Climatological aspects and visitors' comfort perceptions in green open spaces of Samarinda City, East Kalimantan, Indonesia KARYATI KARYATI; KARMINI KARMINI; DIAH RAKHMAH SARI; YOSEP RUSLIM; MUNA KARHANI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 6 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260625

Abstract

Abstract. Karyati, Karmini, Sari DR, Ruslim Y, Karhani M. 2025. Climatological aspects and visitors' comfort perceptions in green open spaces of Samarinda City, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 2806-2820. The trees in Green Open Spaces (GOS) play an important role in improving the microclimate, especially in urban areas. This research study aimed to analyze climatological aspects and determine visitor perceptions of GOS comfort in Samarinda City, East Kalimantan, Indonesia. Microclimate elements were measured for 30 days in nine GOS: Anang Hasyim Ecological Park, Cerdas Park, Segiri Park, Samarendah Park, Teluk Lerong Garden Park, Bebaya Park, Muso Salim GOS, RE Martadinata GOS, and Slamet Riyadi GOS. The comfort of these GOS was assessed based on their Temperature Humidity Index (THI) values and the perceptions of visitors to these locations. Visitors' perceptions of microclimate comfort were collected through interviews with 270 respondents (30 respondents in each of the nine GOS). The average light intensity in the nine GOS ranged from 586.3 to 1,117.1 lux, the average air temperature ranged from 28.4-29.1°C, and the average air humidity ranged from 78.1-82.3% during the study period. All of the GOS within this study had a THI of less than 29.0°C and were in the comfortable category, highlighting the positive impact of the microclimate. The analysis of these nine GOS shows that the majority of the 270 respondents have a good perception of their microclimate and comfort. Information about climatological aspects and perceptions of GOS visitors can be used to support databases and recommendations for GOS management related to regional spatial planning.
Sustainability analysis of tuna (Thunnus sp.) management in 11 Fisheries Management Areas 573 Malang District, East Java, Indonesia DAVID HERMAWAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 6 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260611

Abstract

Abstract. Hermawan D. 2025. Sustainability analysis of tuna (Thunnus sp.) management in 11 Fisheries Management Areas 573 Malang District, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 2662-2673. The sustainability of tuna management in Indonesia, especially in Fisheries Management Areas (FMA) 573, Malang District, East Java, Indonesia, is essential to guarantee that tuna resources are used sustainably over the long term without harming the marine ecosystem. One of the key challenges in tuna management is striking a balance between the economic exploitation and conservation of fishery resources. This study seeks to assess the sustainability of tuna resource utilization and the factors that will affect the long-term sustainability of its management. The research examines three primary dimensions of sustainable development: the ecological, economic, and social dimensions. The study was conducted from October to December 2024 at Sendang Biru, Malang, East Java, Indonesia. A quantitative research approach was used, incorporating primary data and the MDS-Rapfish data analysis method. The findings of the study indicate that the current management of tuna (Thunnus sp.) in FMA 573, Malang, is classified as fairly good, with sustainability indices ranging from 56.30 to 59.50, categorized as quite sustainable. The highest level of sustainability is calculated in the economic aspect, with a score of 59.50 (quite sustainable), followed by the ecological aspect at 58.13 (quite sustainable) and the social aspect at 56.30 (quite sustainable). Three key factors that significantly affect the sustainability of tuna management in FMA 573, Malang, include: (i) the decline in the size of fish caught, (ii) cost of trip, (iii) compliance with laws and regulations.
Microbial diversity in honey from different ecological zones and its impact on honey quality and bee health ANDI GITA MAULIDYAH INDRASWARI SUHRI; FITHA FEBRILIA RULI; WA ODE KAMILLAH; SYAHRIBULAN SYAHRIBULAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 7 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260723

Abstract

Abstract. Suhri AGMI, Ruli FF, Kamillah WO, Syahribulan. 2025. Microbial diversity in honey from different ecological zones and its impact on honey quality and bee health. Biodiversitas 26: 3316-3323. Microbial communities in honey play a critical role in determining both honey quality and bee health. However, how these communities shift across ecological gradients remains poorly understood. The aim of this study was to provide the first comprehensive comparison of honey-associated microbial diversity across forest, agricultural, and urban zones in South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Results from high-throughput sequencing, physicochemical analysis, and pathogen inhibition assays revealed that honey from forest areas had significantly higher microbial diversity, dominated by beneficial taxa such as Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. These microbes were positively associated with enhanced honey quality, reflected in higher phenolic content, antioxidant capacity, and lower moisture levels, and exhibited strong antagonistic activity against key bee pathogens (Nosema ceranae, Paenibacillus larvae). In contrast, urban honey showed reduced microbial richness, increased prevalence of stress-tolerant genera like Pseudomonas, and diminished bioactivity. Seasonal sampling confirmed that these trends were consistent across different climatic periods. Furthermore, probiotic isolates from forest honey demonstrated superior pathogen suppression, suggesting functional microbial benefits associated with ecologically intact habitats. The study also found statistically significant correlations between microbial diversity and physicochemical parameters using PERMANOVA and PCA. These findings demonstrate that habitat degradation can alter honey microbial profiles, with cascading effects on product quality and pollinator resilience. By linking ecological context with microbial function, this study underscores the ecological importance of preserving biodiverse landscapes for sustainable apiculture and bee health management.
Estimation of biomass and carbon stored in trees in the Sisimeni Sanam Forest Area, Timor Island, Indonesia FRANSISKUS XAVERIUS DAKO; FLORA EVALINA INA KLERUK; FRENLY M. SELANO; KLETUS F. S. GARE; HABEL M. NOPEMNANU
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 10 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261045

Abstract

Abstract. Dako FX, Kleruk FEI, Selanno FM, Gare KFS, Nopemnanu HM. 2025. Estimation of biomass and carbon stored in trees in the Sisimeni Sanam Forest Area, Timor Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 5324-5333. Forests are crucial in human life, particularly in preventing global warming caused by climate change. The Sisimeni Sanam Forest Area, located in the western part of Timor Island, Indonesia, contributes significantly to climate regulation and hence requires proper management. This study quantified above-ground biomass, carbon stock, and CO? sequestration in Sisimeni Sanam to provide a baseline for conservation and climate mitigation strategies. Systematic sampling was applied in the field using the Line Plot method. With a sampling intensity of 1%, the total sampled area covered 4.97 ha. A total of 124 measurement plots, each measuring 20 × 20 meters, were established to assess biomass potential and carbon reserves. The analyses showed content, total carbon reserves, and carbon sequestration of 815.73 tons/ha, 383.39 tons/ha, and 1,200.08 tons/ha, respectively. The type of vegetation with the highest biomass, carbon reserves, and carbon sequestration is teak (Tectona grandis), with 249.79 tons/ha, 117.40 tons/ha, and 430.86 tons/ha, respectively. In contrast, pulai (Alstonia scholaris) recorded the lowest values, at 4.07 tons/ha, 1.91 tons/ha, and 7.01 tons/ha, respectively. These results indicate that Sisimeni Sanam functions as a significant carbon reservoir within Timor's dry tropical landscape. Therefore, maintenance and preservation of the area are needed for proper functioning as a carbon absorber rather than a producer.
Spatiotemporal patterns of macroinvertebrate functional habit groups in response to seasonal variations and anthropogenic pressures in the Martil Basin, Morocco ACHRAF GUELLAF; KAWTAR KETTANI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 7 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260714

Abstract

Abstract. Guellaf A, Kettani K. 2025. Spatiotemporal patterns of macroinvertebrate functional habit groups in response to seasonal variations and anthropogenic pressures in the Martil Basin, Morocco. Biodiversitas 26: 3227-3236. Trait-based analysis of macroinvertebrates offers a comprehensive perspective for monitoring the integrity of aquatic ecosystems. This study examined the functional responses of macroinvertebrates to anthropogenic pressures and seasonal changes in the Martil Basin, Northwestern Morocco. Analyses were based on physicochemical and bacteriological variables (temperature, pH, electrical conductivity, dissolved oxygen, BOD5, COD, TSS, Fecal coliforms, and Fecal streptococci), alongside hydro-morphological factors (current speed, water depth, and stream width). Macroinvertebrates and water were sampled over an annual cycle (spring, summer, autumn of 2017, and winter of 2018) at nineteen sites. The Functional Habit Group (FHG) composition varied significantly across sites and seasons. The abundance and taxa richness were highest in spring, with clingers being the most abundant group. Multivariate analyses revealed distinct upstream-downstream gradients, with sensitive taxa dominated by clingers correlated with high dissolved oxygen levels and low pollution levels in upstream areas. In contrast, tolerant taxa such as burrowers and swimmers dominated downstream sites impacted by agricultural runoff and urban pollution. A deeper understanding of the functional traits of macroinvertebrates and their responses to anthropogenic and environmental stressors can serve as a valuable tool for scientists and managers, providing complementary indicators for the development of biomonitoring frameworks and the preservation of aquatic biodiversity.
Using Bat Cave Vulnerability Index (BCVI) to determine cave conservation priorities in the Tuban Karst Area, East Java, Indonesia TATAG BAGUS P. PRAKARSA; SUHARTINI SUHARTINI; RIZKA APRIANI PUTRI; FAILASUF A. NUGROHO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 10 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261019

Abstract

Abstract. Prakarsa TBP, Suhartini, Putri RA, Nugroho FA. 2025. Using Bat Cave Vulnerability Index (BCVI) to determine cave conservation priorities in the Tuban Karst Area, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 5040-5048. Bats are keystone species in cave ecosystems, acting as major providers of energy that sustain diverse cave-dependent communities. Their presence and diversity make caves crucial habitats for broader ecosystem stability. In the Tuban Karst Area, East Java, Indonesia, where caves host high species diversity and endemism, bats play a central role in maintaining ecological balance. However, this ecosystem faces severe threats from ongoing habitat destruction. Identifying caves that should be prioritized for conservation requires an understanding of bat diversity, endemism, behavior, and conservation status, as well as a standardized mechanism for risk evaluation. This study aimed to determine cave conservation priorities in the Tuban Karst Area through a holistic rapid assessment using the Bat Cave Vulnerability Index (BCVI) with an index ranging from high to low conservation priority: 1A, 1B, 1C, 1D, 2A, 2B, ..., 4D. Sampling was conducted purposively in five caves: Lawa Belik, Srunggo, Jingkat, Ngerong, and Akbar. Data were analyzed using the BCVI method, which integrates biotic potential and vulnerability, represented primarily by bat species diversity and cave exposure to threats. The caves were ranked from highest to lowest conservation priority as follows: Ngerong (1A), Lawa Belik (2B), Akbar (3A), Srunggo (3B), and Jingkat (3C). This study demonstrates the significance of caves as bat roosting habitats. These findings highlight the critical role of bats in guiding cave conservation strategies and provide an evidence-based framework for prioritizing management actions in caves with the highest BCVI scores.
Phylogenetic and mitochondrial genome analysis of a putative new cave cricket species (Rhaphidophoridae) from a Thai subterranean habitat KITTIYA INCHOEDCHAY; SOMJIT HOMCHAN; YASH MUNNALAL GUPTA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 8 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260817

Abstract

Abstract. Inchoedchay K, Homchan S, Gupta YM. 2025. Phylogenetic and mitochondrial genome analysis of a putative new cave cricket species (Rhaphidophoridae) from a Thai subterranean habitat. Biodiversitas 26: 3855-3862. Cave crickets (family Rhaphidophoridae) are a unique group of orthopteran insects characterized by long legs, large hind legs, elongated antennae, a humped back body, and are wingless, adaptations that enable them to thrive in subterranean environments such as caves. Despite their ecological importance and unique adaptations, their mitochondrial genomic architecture remains poorly characterized. This study investigates the mitochondrial genome of a cave cricket from the family Rhaphidophoridae, commonly referred to as cave crickets. Specifically, this research presents the first complete mitochondrial genome assembly and annotation of a morphologically distinct cave cricket specimen systematically collected from Nam Sai Cave, Noen Maprang District, Phitsanulok Province, Thailand. Using high-throughput sequencing and bioinformatics tools, a 16,260 base pair mitochondrial genome was assembled, comprising 37 genes, including 13 protein-coding genes, 22 tRNA genes, and 2 rRNA genes, with a GC content of 25.57%. The mitochondrial genome exhibits the identical gene arrangement of Orthoptera, suggesting strong conservation across the order. Phylogenetic analysis placed the specimen within the subfamily Aemodogryllinae, revealing a close evolutionary relationship with the genera Diestrammena, Tachycines, and Diestramima, strong molecular and morphological evidence supporting its classification within the tribe Aemodogryllini. These findings provide new genomic data for putative new species in Rhaphidophoridae, offering valuable insights into their phylogenetic relationships, genetic diversity, and adaptations to cave environments. This study lays the foundation for future taxonomic revisions and comparative evolutionary analyses within the family.
Fiber carbohydrates enhance embryogenic callus induction and double haploid production in anther cultures of three rice genotypes YOANITA FADLILAH IRIANI; NUNUNG HARIJATI; AMINATUN MUNAWARTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 7 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260736

Abstract

Abstract. Iriani YF, Harijati N, Munawarti A. 2025. Fiber carbohydrates enhance embryogenic callus induction and double haploid production in anther cultures of three rice genotypes. Biodiversitas 26: 3460-3468. Anther culture offers a great opportunity to produce spontaneous Double Haploid (DH) plants because the anther contains microspores that have the potential to develop into plantlets. However, the low yield of regenerative callus of Indica types (recalcitrant) compared with Japonica and Intermediate types is a problem in rice (Oryza sativa) anther culture. This study’s aim was to evaluate and analyze the effect of the addition of dietary fiber carbohydrates, namely Gum Arabic (GA) or Glucomannan (GL), at 0, 5, 10 mg L?1 in the induction medium on embryogenic callus formation in the anther culture of rice varieties Japonica (Nipponbare), Indica (Rice Kultur Jaringan [RCKJ] 24), and Intermediate (RCKJ 13). The number of anthers capable of producing callus and callus formed in the three rice varieties induced by the addition of 10 mg L?1 GA was higher than that of the treatment of GA with lower concentrations and all concentrations of GL. The addition of GA at a concentration of 10 mg L?1 significantly enhanced anther forming callus, number of callus formed, and green plantlets percentage of three rice genotypes. The highest callus induction (17% anther forming callus and 290,67% number of callus formed) was obtained from the Nipponbare genotype with the addition of 10 mg/L GA. In addition, 10 mg L?1 GA has the potential to increase the number of DH plants significantly; the number increased from 0 to 35 plants; however, it did not make a difference in the morphological characteristics of the callus formed. The addition of GL at a concentration of 10 mg L?1 also has the potential to increase the number of DH plants, although the number of DH plants only increased from 0 to 7. The addition of 10 mg L?1 GA or GL to callus induction media can be applied as an alternative to increase the number of rice double haploid plants.
Metabolomic profiling and antifungal potential of turmeric (Curcuma longa) root exudate against Ganoderma boninense LIDYA KARLINA; SUWANDI SUWANDI; RAHMAD FADLI; A. MUSLIM; HARMAN HAMIDSON; CHANDRA IRSAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 7 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260746

Abstract

Abstract. Karlina L, Suwandi S, Fadli R, Muslim A, Hamidson H, Irsan C. 2025. Metabolomic profiling and antifungal potential of turmeric (Curcuma longa) root exudate against Ganoderma boninense. Biodiversitas 26: 3600-3609. Ganoderma boninense, the causative agent of basal stem rot, significantly threatens oil palm cultivation. Turmeric (Curcuma longa) is a potential source of antifungal compounds for agricultural applications. This study investigates the antifungal properties of root exudates from four turmeric ecotypes (Palembang, Bandung, Surabaya, and Bangka) against Ganoderma boninense and employs untargeted metabolomics using LC-HRMS. The root exudates were collected from two-month-old plants grown in soil by incubating the roots in aerated sterile distilled water for 12 hours. The exudates were then filter-sterilized and directly used for antifungal assays and metabolomic analysis. The results revealed that turmeric root exudates at concentrations of 1.25%, 5%, and 20% inhibited G. boninense growth in a concentration-dependent manner, with the efficacy varying depending on turmeric ecotypes. The Palembang ecotype exhibited the strongest antifungal activity, with inhibition rates of 37.7% to 46.7%. The Bandung and Surabaya ecotypes showed moderate inhibition (10.3-36.2%), while the Bangka ecotype had weak effects. None of the turmeric exudates at concentrations between 1.25% and 20% promoted the growth of G. boninense. Metabolomic profiling played a crucial role in this study, identifying 193 metabolites, with 20 significant differentially accumulated metabolites in the inhibitory exudate group. Key metabolites such as azelaic acid, bis(2-ethylhexyl) phthalate, haplofungin C, menthyl acetate, and piptamine were identified, shedding light on their potential contribution to antifungal activity. These findings indicate that turmeric root exudates contain bioactive compounds that could be explored as eco-friendly biocontrol agents against G. boninense.

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