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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
 584   585   586   587   588 
Vegetation structure and species composition of agarwood (Aquilaria spp.) habitats in natural and planted forests in Buru Island, Indonesia NINGSIE INDAHSUARY UAR; LINA KARLINASARI; ISKANDAR Z. SIREGAR; SETYO PERTIWI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 8 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260823

Abstract

Abstract. Uar NI, Karlinasari L, Siregar IZ, Pertiwi S. 2025. Vegetation structure and species composition of agarwood (Aquilaria spp.) habitats in natural and planted forests in Buru Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 3927-3939. Aquilaria is a genus of agarwood-producing trees that grow almost throughout Indonesia. Buru Island is one of the areas with the presence of Aquilaria spp. species. Currently, information related to the structure and composition of tree species in the habitats of agarwood plants is still limited. This study aimed to describe the structure and composition of tree species in the natural habitat and cultivated area of agarwood plants in three locations in Buru Island, namely Airbuaya, Fena Leisela, and Batabual Sub-districts. Vegetation analysis was carried out by field surveys using a combination of line transect and square plot methods to document plant species and number of individuals at seedling, sapling, pole and tree levels. The results showed that the stand structure of vegetation community at the research location formed an inverted "J" curve. The species composition in the three locations for natural and cultivated habitats were composed by agarwood-producing plants and non-agarwood plants. The Diversity Index in the natural habitat was moderate to high, with a value of 1.08-3.35, while in the cultivated areas had a high Diversity Index, with a value of 2.08-3.57. Both natural and cultivated habitats had an even distribution of species. The species richness index at both natural and cultivated habitats was moderate to high, with a value of 3.60-7.54. The results of the study indicate that both natural forests and cultivated forests in Buru Island have high potential to support the growth of agarwood-producing trees, as evidenced by healthy stand structures and moderate to high diversity and species richness indices. Therefore, sustainable management strategies are necessary, including the conservation of natural forests, the development of agroforestry-based cultivation models, and the optimization of natural regeneration processes.
Tree diversity and carbon sequestration assessment using multiple methods in a dry evergreen forest restoration site, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand WARIS KAEWBANLAO; PASUTA SUNTHORNHAO; PICHIT LUMYAI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 8 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260820

Abstract

Abstract. Kaewbanlao W, Sunthornhao P, Lumyai P. 2025. Tree diversity and carbon sequestration assessment using multiple methods in a dry evergreen forest restoration site, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand. Biodiversitas 26: 3886-3902. This study assessed the forest structure, tree diversity, and carbon sequestration in a Dry Evergreen Forest (DEF) restoration area (Forest Plantation Target 49: FPT 49) in Nakhon Ratchasima Province, Thailand. The site contained 4,538 individual trees across 96 species, with a high tree density (1,512 stems ha-¹), basal area (130.84 m² ha-¹), and diversity (Simpson’s index: 0.90; Shannon-Wiener index: 3.02). Microcos tomentosa, Nephelium hypoleucum, and Dialium cochinchinense were the dominant species, with Fabaceae being the most species-rich family. Biomass and carbon sequestration were estimated using three methods. Wood volume-based estimation method used the Wood specific Density (WD) and Biomass Expansion Factors (BEFs) and resulted in the highest estimates (152.36 Mg ha-¹ of biomass; 71.61 Mg C ha-¹; 262.59 Mg CO? ha-¹), likely due to the inclusion of Biomass Expansion Factors (BEFs) and species-specific wood density. Method I yielded intermediate estimates, while Method II produced the lowest. Statistical analysis revealed that the DBH size class had the strongest effect on carbon sequestration (?²: 0.14), followed by its interaction with the method used (?²: 0.17), with significant differences observed across DBH classes and methods. Bland-Altman and boxplot analyses showed a strong agreement between the allometric method and the direct carbon method, but highlighted variability and potential overestimation by Method III, especially for trees with large DBH. Although carbon content estimates were lower than those found in old-growth forests, the results indicated substantial recovery in tree diversity and carbon stock 28 years post restoration. The study emphasizes the importance of method selection in estimating carbon sequestration and recommends integrating structural and ecological factors to enhance the accuracy of forest carbon accounting.
Macrofungal diversity in three protection forests of Sambas District, West Kalimantan, Indonesia LAILI FITRI YENI; MAS AKHBAR FATURRAHMAN; AHMAD ALOY SAPUTRA; KHAIRI KHAIRI; RISKA MAULIDYA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 9 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260906

Abstract

Abstract. Yeni LF, Faturrahman MA, Saputra AA, Khairi, Maulidya R. 2025. Macrofungal diversity in three protection forests of Sambas District, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 4309-4323. The Gunung Pemangkat Protection Forest (GPPF), Gunung Majau Protection Forest (GMPF), and Gunung Sekadau Protection Forest (GSPF) in Sambas District, West Kalimantan, Indonesia, are three tropical rainforests whose macrofungal communities remain undocumented. This study aimed to investigate the previously unexplored macrofungal diversity in GPPF, GMPF, and GSPF. Field surveys were conducted along zigzag transects to systematically record macrofungi. Identification was based on macromorphological features and confirmed with online taxonomic databases. Environmental factors were measured to characterize habitat conditions. Subsequently, the spatial distribution of macrofungi was analyzed and mapped. A total of 94 macrofungal species from 30 families across Ascomycota and Basidiomycota were recorded: 44 species from 23 families in GPPF, 42 from 20 families in GMPF, and 54 from 22 families in GSPF. Polyporaceae was the most species-rich family. Most taxa were saprophytic and predominantly associated with wood debris, while a smaller number occurred on decomposing litter and soil. Parasitic and mutualistic types were recorded only occasionally. Favorable environmental factors—warm temperatures, high humidity, slightly acidic soils, and low light intensity—likely supported macrofungal growth. Spatial analysis revealed a clumped distribution pattern associated with microhabitat variability and substrate availability. More than half of the macrofungi identified at the species level possess nutritional or medicinal value, underscoring their socio-economic importance. This study provides the first inventory of macrofungi in these forests, filling a critical knowledge gap in the region and extending beyond previous reports from Borneo, especially West Kalimantan. Systematic sampling in GPPF, GMPF, and GSPF revealed a broader spectrum of diversity and confirmed these forests as key reservoirs of macrofungal richness. The findings establish a critical baseline for ecological studies and emphasize the importance of conservation in these protection areas. More broadly, the study advances understanding of tropical fungi in Southeast Asia and underscores their role in long-term biodiversity management.
Predicting the future distribution of Astraeus spp. in Thailand under climate change scenarios using MaxEnt modeling RUNCHIDA KHUNKRAI; WARONG SUKSAVATE; CHATCHAI NGERNSAENGSARUAY; MINGKWAN NIPITWATTANAPHON; BARAMEE SAKOLRAK; CHERDCHAI PHOSRI; LEELA NAKPONG; KANTIDA BUNLERLERD; THARNRAT KAEWGRAJANG
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 9 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260937

Abstract

Abstract. Khunkrai R, Suksavate W, Ngernsaengsaruay C, Nipitwattanaphon M, Sakolrak B, Phosri C, Nakpong L, Bunlerlerd K, Kaewgrajang T. 2025. Predicting the future distribution of Astraeus spp. in Thailand under climate change scenarios using MaxEnt modeling. Biodiversitas 26: 4662-4674. Climate change poses a significant threat to global biodiversity by altering species distributions, disrupting ecological interactions, and transforming habitat suitability. This study investigates the potential impact of climate change on three ectomycorrhizal fungi species from the genus Astraeus—A. asiaticus, A. odoratus, and A. sirindhorniae—which form critical symbiotic relationships with tree species, particularly members of the Dipterocarpaceae family. These fungi contribute to forest ecosystem health by enhancing nutrient and water uptake in host plants and have considerable economic and medicinal value due to their edibility and pharmacological properties. Species Distribution Models (SDMs) were constructed using MaxEnt to predict the current and future potential distribution of the three Astraeus species in Thailand under three climate change scenarios: SSP1-2.6 (low emissions), SSP2-4.5 (intermediate), and SSP5-8.5 (high), for two periods, 2021-2040 and 2041-2060. The models incorporated key environmental variables, including tree cover, precipitation during the wettest month, and temperature range. The MaxEnt models demonstrated acceptable predictive performance, with AUC values ranging from 0.686 to 0.799. The most influential predictors were precipitation during the wettest month (Bio13) and tree cover. The results indicated that A. asiaticus currently occupies high-suitability habitats predominantly in northern Thailand and would have a relatively stable distribution with localized fluctuations. In contrast, A. odoratus and A. sirindhorniae are projected to experience pronounced reductions in high-suitability areas. By 2041-2060, under SSP5-8.5, suitable habitats for A. odoratus and A. sirindhorniae are expected to decline by approximately 69.02% and 87.59%, respectively. These reductions are associated with shifts from high-moisture to low-moisture forest types driven by rising temperatures and reduced precipitation. These findings highlight the importance of adaptive conservation strategies, including protecting suitable habitats, restoring degraded forests, and integrating climate-resilient forest management practices.
Endoparasite diversity and zoonotic risk in wild-caught Javan spitting cobra (Naja sputatrix) from Indonesia RYANKA EDILA; MUSTOFA HELMI EFFENDI; LUCIA TRI SUWANTI; HYUCK-KEUN KWON; JOHN YEW HUAT TANG; SAIFUR REHMAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 8 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260842

Abstract

Abstract. Edila R, Effendi MH, Suwanti LT, Kwon H-K, Tang JYH, Rehman S. 2025. Endoparasite diversity and zoonotic risk in wild-caught Javan spitting cobra (Naja sputatrix) from Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 4146-4156. The Javan spitting cobra (Naja sputatrix) is widely used in Indonesia for food and traditional medicine, creating potential zoonotic risks from parasitic infections. This study aimed to assess the diversity and prevalence of endoparasites in wild-caught N. sputatrix purchased from local sellers in Sidoarjo, East Java, Indonesia. Fifty-one snakes were examined through necropsy, coprological, and blood smear analyses. Parasitic infection was detected in 82.3% (42/51) of snakes, with mixed infections predominating across all age groups. A total of ten parasite taxa were identified, including nematodes (Capillaria, Kalicephalus, Strongyloides, Ophidascaris), cestodes (Spirometra), acanthocephalans (Sphaerechinorhynchus), pentastomids (Porocephalus), intestinal protozoa (Balantidium, Eimeria), and a hemoparasite (Hepatozoon). Notably, zoonotic species such as Spirometra spp. (54.9%), Porocephalus spp. (11.76%), and Ophidascaris spp. (7.84%) were prevalent, underscoring public health threats associated with snake consumption and handling. This is the first comprehensive parasitological survey of N. sputatrix in Indonesia and the first host record of Porocephalus in this species. Findings highlight the ecological role of cobras as reservoirs of zoonotic parasites and emphasize the need for One Health surveillance to mitigate cross-species transmission risks. The study also contributes baseline data for wildlife trade monitoring, biodiversity conservation, and public health policy related to human-snake interactions in Southeast Asia.
Antibacterial activity of Gorgonian-associated actinomycetes against diabetic foot pathogens DEVI OKTAVIA ANJANI; ESTER CHRISTIANA CHINTA LOSUNG; AGUS SABDONO; SRI SEJATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 8 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260843

Abstract

Abstract. Anjani DO, Losung ECC, Sabdono A, Sedjati S. 2025. Antibacterial activity of Gorgonian-associated actinomycetes against diabetic foot pathogens. Biodiversitas 26: 4157-4166. Diabetic foot infection is a condition affecting the lower extremities that occurs in at least 15% of all diabetes patients. The treatment of diabetic foot infection has become increasingly challenging due to the risk of infection by microorganisms around the wound. The presence of antibiotic-resistant pathogenic bacteria further aggravates this condition. Therefore, the discovery of new sources of antibiotics is urgently needed. The aim of this study was to explore the antibacterial activity of actinomycetes, particularly those associated with marine gorgonians, to better understand their potential in the treatment of diabetic foot infection. Gorgonian samples were collected from Karimunjawa Waters, Indonesia. Antibacterial activity was screened using agar plug method against Escherichia coli, Staphylococcus aureus, Enterococcus sp., and Proteus sp.. The selected isolates were then identified through Gram staining and molecular identification. The NRPS, PKS-I, and PKS-II genes were detected through the PCR method. The results showed that 12 out of 45 isolates (26.7%) exhibited antibacterial activity against DFI pathogenic bacteria, with four isolates producing inhibition zone greater than 5 mm. The strongest antibacterial activity was exhibited by isolate UR.19.4 and EA.6.5.2 against S. aureus and E. coli with inhibition zones greater than 13 mm. Molecular identification revealed that UR.19.4 and EA.6.5.2 isolates had the closest similarity to Streptomyces griseobrunneus (99.76%) and Streptomyces zhaozhouensis (99.69%), respectively. The NRPS gene was detected in both S. griseobrunneus (UR.19.4 isolate) and S. zhaozhouensis (EA.6.5.2 isolate), while the PKS-II gene was detected only in S. griseobrunneus (UR.19.4 isolate). Therefore, these findings highlight the potential of actinomycetes isolated from Gorgonian as a promising antimicrobial source for treating diabetic foot infections.
Soil-dwelling arthropod assemblages in maize sprayed with entomopathogenic fungi from South Sumatra, Indonesia SITI HERLINDA; MUHAMMAD YASKUR NASIR; SUWANDI SUWANDI; ERISE ANGGRAINI; CHANDRA IRSAN; JELLY MILINIA PUSPITA SARI; DELLANIA EKA RINDIANI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 7 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260730

Abstract

Abstract. Herlinda S, Nasir MY, Suwandi S, Anggraini E, Irsan C, Sari JMP, Rindiani DE. 2025. Soil-dwelling arthropod assemblages in maize sprayed with entomopathogenic fungi from South Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 3387-3396. This study examined effects of entomopathogenic fungi on abundance and species diversity of soil-dwelling arthropods associated with maize. The fungal species applied were Beauveria bassiana, Metarhizium anisopliae, and Penicillium citrinum. Pitfall traps and Berlese funnels were employed to collect arthropods soil-dwelling on the ground surface and within/below the soil, respectively. The identified arthropod guilds included predatory, herbivorous, and detritivore arthropods, with predatory arthropods being the most abundant. The arthropods were categorized into classes of Insecta, Collembola, Arachnida, and Diplopoda. The arthropods found from the ground surface and below the soil were 25 and 8 species, respectively. The total abundance (achieving 300 individuals/20 traps) of predatory arthropods did not differ significantly (P>0.05) across all treatments. The species diversity of below-ground predatory arthropods exhibited a significant decrease (P<0.05) after treatment with P. citrinum (H' from 0.71 to 0.39). The detritivore arthropod abundance from ground surface increased significantly (P<0.05) after being treated with B. bassiana (695 individuals/20 traps) compared to M. anisopliae (588 individuals/20 traps) and P. citrinum (569 individuals/20 traps) treatments. Therefore, M. anisopliae and P. citrinum could alter ground-surface arthropod assemblages. However, B. bassiana application may be integrated with soil-dwelling predatory arthropods for Integrated Pest Management (IPM) and for environmental safety.
Quantitative ethnobotany of mangrove plant uses by the coastal community of Sicanang Belawan, North Sumatra, Indonesia ETTI SARTINA SIREGAR; ERNI JUMILAWATY; MASITTA TANJUNG; IWAN RISNASARI; MOHAMMAD BASYUNI; ADE SYAFITRI; ADRIAN HARTANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 10 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261032

Abstract

Abstract. Siregar ES, Jumilawaty E, Tanjung M, Risnasari I, Basyuni M, Syafitri A, Hartanto A. 2025. Quantitative ethnobotany of mangrove plant uses by the coastal community of Sicanang Belawan, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 5181-5194. Sicanang Belawan, North Sumatra, Indonesia, harbors a mosaic of coastal and mangrove ecosystems that support local livelihoods. However, unsustainable extraction and the decline of ecotourism threaten both biodiversity and Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK). This study aimed to document mangrove plant species utilized by the Sicanang Belawan community and to apply quantitative ethnobotanical indices to identify species of cultural and livelihood significance. Fieldwork was conducted between November 2024 and January 2025 in Belawan Sicanang Sub-district, Medan, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Ethnobotanical data were obtained through structured and open-ended interviews with 71 informants selected by snowball sampling. Plant species were identified through guided forest walks and voucher specimens deposited at Herbarium Medanense (MEDA). Quantitative indices, including Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC), Cultural Importance (CI), Relative Importance (RI), and Cultural Value for ethnospecies (CVe), were calculated. The respondent pool was predominantly female (60.6%), though men reported significantly more plant uses. No significant differences were observed among age or occupation groups. A total of 19 plant species from 10 families were recorded. Fruits (32.43%), leaves (31.75%), and trunks (30.96%) were the most commonly used parts. The main use categories were food (185 reports), construction (176), animal fodder (104), fuel (96), and medicine (89). Nypa fruticans ranked highest across all indices (RFC: 0.887, CI: 2.535, RI: 0.929, CVe: 1.350), followed by Acanthus ilicifolius, highlighting their central role in livelihood, health, and material culture. These findings demonstrate the continued reliance of coastal communities on mangrove resources and highlight the value of traditional ecological knowledge in sustaining local livelihoods. Incorporating such knowledge into community-based conservation and mangrove management can strengthen ecological resilience and ensure the long-term sustainability of coastal ecosystems.
Karst-specific distribution of endangered Hopea celebica in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park, South Sulawesi, Indonesia NASRI NASRI; KOICHI KAMIYA; TETSUYA SHIMAMURA; TOMOAKI ICHIE
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 11 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261101

Abstract

Abstract. Nasri, Kamiya K, Shimamura T, Ichie T. 2025. Karst-specific distribution of endangered Hopea celebica in Bantimurung Bulusaraung National Park, Sulawesi. Biodiversitas 26: 5395-5404. Hopea celebica is an endangered tree species endemic to Sulawesi, Indonesia, with limited ecological information available on its habitat preferences. This study aimed to investigate its distribution and habitat association in karst and non-karst areas of Bantimurung Bulusaraung (Babul) National Park, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Seedlings, saplings, and adult trees were counted in 36 plots (50×20 m) selected using purposive sampling (18 plots in karst and 18 in non-karst areas). Elevation, slope, and canopy cover, were measured in each plot, and soil samples were analyzed for nutrient content and texture. Hopea celebica occurred exclusively in karst areas (12 of 18 plots), particularly in porous and massive karst types, showing a clumped distribution (?²: 36, p<0.001; Morisita’s I?>3, p<0.001). Generalized Linear Model (GLM) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) showed that H. celebica was positively associated with steeper slope, higher soil pH, and denser canopy, but negatively with elevation. These findings highlighted porous and massive karst areas as key habitats, characterized by well-drained conditions at lower elevation, with healthy regeneration (inverted J-shaped diameter class distribution). This study suggests the need to protect porous and massive karst zones to ensure the long-term survival of H. celebica populations.
Diversity and utilization of medicinal plants in Borabue District, Maha Sarakham Province, Northeastern Thailand WIRA THIPTHAMRONGSAP; SURAPON SAENSOUK; PIYAPORN SAENSOUK
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 6 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260646

Abstract

Abstract. Thipthamrongsap W, Saensouk S, Saensouk P. 2025. Diversity and utilization of medicinal plants in Borabue District, Maha Sarakham Province, Northeastern Thailand. Biodiversitas 26: 3040-3046. This study provides foundational information for further research and offers conservation status for medicinal plants in Borabue District, Maha Sarakham Province, Northeastern Thailand to ensure continued species richness and sustainable use. The research aimed to document ethnobotanical knowledge and diversity of medicinal plants in two villages, Khok Suea Thao and Khi Lek, Maha Sarakham Province. Ethnobotanical data were interviewed from 30 local informants using semi-structured interviews. A total of 46 medicinal plant species were identified, belonging to 43 genera and 23 families. The Fabaceae family exhibited the highest diversity (9 species), followed by Malvaceae (4 species), while Menispermaceae, Poaceae, and Rubiaceae had three species each. The most frequently used plant part was the roots (27%), followed by leaves (22%), fruits (20%), and stems (14%). Decoction was the most common method of preparation (65%), underscoring the importance of traditional processing techniques. Based on Use Value (UV), the most culturally significant species were Curcuma longa (0.93), Citrus hystrix (0.90), and Chromolaena odorata (0.90). Medicinal plants were used to treat nine ailments across six disease categories, with musculoskeletal disorders showing the highest Informant Agreement Ratio (IAR: 0.97). Of the documented plants, 35 species (61.70%) had a fidelity level of 100%, particularly in treatments focused on restoring and balancing bodily elements. One species, Xylia xylocarpa is listed as Vulnerable based on IUCN criteria. This study contributes valuable data for the conservation of traditional knowledge and plant biodiversity. It emphasizes the importance of preserving ethnomedicinal practices, which are at risk of disappearing due to modernization. The findings support the sustainable development of herbal medicine, promote local economic opportunities through value-added local herbal products, and enhance public health initiatives at both local and national levels.

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