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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Pathogenesis-related proteins response in citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus) infected by Curvularia andropogonis ROFIATUN SOLEKHA; M. AINUL MAHBUBILLAH; M. BADRUT TAMAM; FADHILATUSTSANI SOFIALANA; ALIFIA HAYA AS-SYIFA; ACHMAD DJAZULI; HERY PURNOBASUKI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 11 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261110

Abstract

Abstract. Solekha R, Mahbubillah MA, Tamam MB, Sofialana F, As-Syifa AH, Djazuli A, Purnobasuki H. 2025. Pathogenesis-related proteins response in citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus) infected by Curvularia andropogonis. Biodiversitas 26: 5485-5494. The development and growth of citronella grass (Cymbopogon nardus) are often hindered by Curvularia andropogonis fungal infection, which causes leaf disease. One key approach is to identify the expression of Pathogenesis-Related (PR)-17 and PKS type III defense proteins in citronella after C. andropogonis infection, serving as a model for counterattacking fungal infection. This study aimed to (i) determine chalcone synthase enzyme activity in C. nardus against C. andropogonis infection, (ii) identify the PR-17 response of C. nardus leaves, and (iii) identify the metabolic variations of flavonoid derivatives of C. nardus leaves. High-Performance Liquid Chromatography was carried out to analyze the enzyme activity. Protein identification was performed using sodium dodecyl sulfate. The variation of secondary metabolites was measured using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. The results indicated that the enzyme CHS activity in infected C. nardus leaves had increased significantly compared to healthy leaves. PR-17, PR-2, and PR-3 were only expressed in C. nardus infected with C. andropogonis. Profile of flavonoid-derived metabolites in C. nardus infected with C. andropogonis changed significantly, involving seven flavonoid-derived metabolites. The activation of CHS, accompanied by elevated expression of defense-related proteins and increased levels of flavonoid derivatives, creates a synergistic defense strategy in infected C. nardus. These responses strengthen the plant immunity, restrict fungal colonization, and enhance overall resistance, making them important indicators of plant-pathogen interactions.
Seasonal foraging gaps and floral resource enhancement opportunities for Apis cerana in a tropical conservation forest INDRI WULANDARI; TEGUH HUSODO; JOKO KUSMORO; ERRI NOVIAR MEGANTARA; SYA SYA SHANIDA; CIKA ASTI AMALIA; HANANI ROSY AZZAHRA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 8 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260847

Abstract

Abstract. Wulandari I, Husodo T, Kusmoro J, Megantara EN, Shanida SS, Amalia CA, Azzahra HR. 2025. Seasonal foraging gaps and floral resource enhancement opportunities for Apis cerana in a tropical conservation forest. Biodiversitas 26: 4201-4219. The Asiatic honey bee (Apis cerana) relies on pollen and nectar from flowering plants to sustain its colonies. When floral resources are limited, colonies may abscond, which threatens the livelihoods of beekeepers in the Ir. H. Djuanda Forest Park, West Java, Indonesia. Ensuring continuous forage availability is therefore essential for sustainable A. cerana management. This study aimed to (i) identify the food sources of A. cerana, both are based on pollen and flowering records, (ii) document the flowering period, and (iii) recommendations for forage enrichment in Ir. H. Djuanda Forest Park. Pollen trapping, quadrat, and direct observation were conducted within a 1 km radius of apiaries in Batu Garok, Deer Enclosure, and Maribaya. A total of 279 species were documented, consisting of 71 pollen plants and 252 flowering plants. The dominant floral families recorded were Asteraceae, Fabaceae, and Euphorbiaceae. The flowering plants diversity peaked between December and May, with 188-216 species (approximately 70-85% of the annual total) recorded during this period. In contrast, a critical floral gap occurred between June and November, when only 50-118 species (around 20-50% of the annual total) were in bloom. This seasonal gap restricts foraging opportunities and increases the risk of colony absconding. To mitigate this, 30 year-round flowering species are recommended for enrichment planting. Among the recorded species, red calliandra (Calliandra calothyrsus) and Mexican sunflower (Tithonia diversifolia) were dominant year-round forage plants, consistently supplied pollen and nectar, although both are invasive species. Non-invasive year-round species are also recommended to enrich forage availability during the gap months; among them are billygoat weed (Ageratum conyzoides) and hairy beggarticks (Bidens pilosa). These results highlight the value of implementing targeted habitat enrichment to help bridge seasonal gaps in floral resources. Such efforts can contribute to greater colony stability, support higher honey yields, and enhance pollination services within tropical conservation forests.
Integrated resin induction enhances Agarwood formation in Gyrinops caudata AMILDA AURI; PETRUS ABRAHAM DIMARA; YUBELINCE YUSTENCI RUNTUBOI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 8 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260809

Abstract

Abstract. Auri A, Dimara PA, Runtuboi YY. 2025. Integrated resin induction enhances Agarwood formation in Gyrinops caudata. Biodiversitas 26: 3758-3768. Natural agarwood formation occurs sporadically and unpredictably, making it difficult to achieve consistent quality and volume in commercial cultivation. This study aimed to investigate the synergistic effects of mechanical wounding, paraffin sealing, and biological induction using Acremonium sp. on agarwood formation in Gyrinops caudata. The investigation was conducted at an agarwood plantation in West Papua, Indonesia, using a split-plot design that incorporated various canopy pruning levels and four resin induction treatments. Additionally, quantitative and qualitative assessments of wood discoloration, aroma intensity, anatomical changes, and chemical composition were conducted over 6 months. The results of the integrated method, comprising mechanical drilling, biological inoculation with Acremonium sp., paraffin sealing, and 25% canopy pruning, resulted in the highest resinous wood area (694.2 mm²) and the greatest chemical diversity, with over 50 compounds identified via GC-MS. In contrast, untreated controls showed only 306.8 mm² of resin area and 15 compounds. "Integrated" in this context refers to the combination of physical wounding, microbial stimulation, and silvicultural stress designed to activate resin biosynthesis pathways synergistically.
Genetic polymorphism of Populus pruinosa and Populus euphratica in Kazakhstan based on ISSR markers DINARA AKHATAYEVA; MAKSIM KUTSEV; POLINA VESSELOVA; ZARINA INELOVA; BEKTEMIR OSMONALI; MENGTAY AITZHAN; YELENA ZAPARINA; LAURA SHADMANOVA; EMIL BOROS
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 12 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261214

Abstract

Abstract. Akhatayeva D, Kutsev M, Vesselova P, Inelova Z, Osmonali B, Aitzhan M, Zaparina Y, Shadmanova L, Boros E. 2025. Genetic polymorphism of Populus pruinosa and Populus euphratica in Kazakhstan based on ISSR markers. Biodiversitas 26: 6120-6129. The genus Populus (Salicaceae) in Kazakhstan is represented by 13 species, although the exact number of species, including varieties and hybrids, has not been clearly established. Among them, Populus pruinosa and Populus euphratica are native species with rapidly declining population sizes and shrinking habitats. Comprehensive studies on their biology and genetic diversity in Kazakhstan have not reported so far. This study aimed to assess genetic diversity, compare patterns of differentiation, evaluate the relationship between genetic variation and ecological conditions in natural populations of both species. Genetic variability was assessed using the ISSR method, and statistical analysis was performed using ANOVA. Samples from six natural populations in southern Kazakhstan (three populations of P. pruinosa and three of P. euphratica) showed distinct interspecific differentiation and variable genetic diversity. P. pruinosa populations had higher allelic diversity (h = 0.114-0.153) and expected heterozygosity (0.107-0.139) than P. euphratica (h = 0.041-0.085). Greater genetic diversity in P. pruinosa indicates stronger adaptive potential to arid environments. A moderate correlation was found between genetic and geographic distances (r = 0.597). The findings highlight P. pruinosa superior ecological adaptability. Both species are recommended for targeted conservation and restoration of arid ecosystems in Kazakhstan.
Short Communication: Community knowledge and uses of sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) in an Urban Herbal Village, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia RASYIDAH ULFA; FATMAH FATMAH; SUYUD WARNO UTOMO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 8 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260830

Abstract

Abstract. Ulfa R, Fatmah, Utomo SW. 2025. Short Communication: Community knowledge and uses of sambiloto (Andrographis paniculata) in an Urban Herbal Village, Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 4017-4022. Andrographis paniculata, commonly known as sambiloto or the bitter, is a widely recognized medicinal plant used traditionally across Asia. Known for its bitter taste and pharmacological benefits, this plant is commonly used to treat fever, influenza, inflammation, diabetes, and infections. Despite its broad health applications, the level of public knowledge and actual utilization of A. paniculata in urban areas remains understudied. This study examined the correlation between community knowledge and practical uses of A. paniculata in Kampung Herbal Nginden, an urban herbal village in Surabaya, East Java, Indonesia. A mixed-methods approach was used, including structured questionnaires with 105 respondents and in-depth interviews with key community informants. The results showed that 52% of respondents demonstrated high knowledge of A. paniculata, yet only 44% actively utilized the plant in their daily life. A significant correlation was found between knowledge and utilization (p: 0.001), with high-knowledge individuals being 7.58 times more likely to use the plant. These findings highlight the need for increased community awareness and educational interventions, which are crucial for supporting the sustainable use of medicinal plants in urban settings. Community-based approaches, such as Kampung Herbal Nginden, provide a valuable foundation for preserving urban ethnobotanical practices, where cultural practices are often challenged by modernization and pharmaceutical dominance. Promoting ethnobotanical knowledge and practical use in urban environments is essential not only for public health but also for conserving cultural heritage and medicinal plant biodiversity.
Role of customary forest recognition and social trust in community-based biodiversity conservation in Bungo, Jambi, Indonesia RIDWAN RIDWAN; SITI MARYAM; DEDI EPRIADI; RIZKI RIZKI; MD MAHMUDUL ALAM; SUSI PUSPITA SARI; ARWANSYAH KIRIN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 9 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260923

Abstract

Abstract. Ridwan, Maryam S, Epriadi D, Rizki, Alam MDM, Sari SP, Kirin A. 2025. Role of customary forest recognition and social trust in community-based biodiversity conservation in Bungo, Jambi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 4511-4521. Forests, including those governed by customary practices, are critical ecosystems that help maintain global climate balance. This study explores how customary forest recognition and social beliefs shape community behavior in protecting biodiversity in the Datuk Sinaro Putih customary forest in Jambi, Indonesia. Data were collected using a descriptive qualitative design through 17 semi-structured interviews with customary leaders, village officials, members of the Customary Forest Management Institution (LPHA), youth, community leaders, and non-governmental organizations from February to October 2024. Data were refined through participant observation and document analysis. The findings indicate that customary forest recognition and social beliefs are positively correlated with conservation behavior. Seloko Adat, the indigenous oral tradition of Datuk Sinaro Putih local community, serves as a symbolic and behavioral system, preserving traditional ecological knowledge, upholding customary law, and fostering intergenerational responsibility. This study highlights how the recognition of customary forests and social trust not only discourages extractive behavior through customary sanctions but also embeds conservation values ??into people's daily lives. These findings suggest that forestry policies should recognize and strengthen the functions of customary institutions through legal support, institutional strength, and sustainable financing schemes. Policies that incorporate customary principles, such as ecological prohibitions and collective farming practices, can enhance the legitimacy and success of conservation while safeguarding ecosystems. Future research should include a more comprehensive multi-level governance model that integrates local wisdom with national policies and the global biodiversity agenda, and analysis of economic, spiritual, and cosmological dimensions, as well as the relationships between customary institutions and external actors.
Genetic and morphological analyses of Ngongok fish (Hampala macrolepidota) from Ngebel Lake, Ponorogo District, Indonesia ELOK AMALIA; AKHSAN FIKRILLAH PARICAHYA; MUHAMMAD DAILAMI; ABDUL RAHEM FAQIH; WAHYU ENDRA KUSUMA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270410

Abstract

Abstract. Amalia E, Paricahya AF, Dailami M, Faqih AR, Kusuma WE. 2026. Genetic and morphological analyses of Ngongok fish (Hampala macrolepidota) from Ngebel Lake, Ponorogo District, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (4): d270410. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270410. Hampala macrolepidota is a freshwater fish widely distributed in Southeast Asia and plays an important ecological and economic role. However, increasing anthropogenic pressures raise concerns about population structure and genetic integrity. This study aimed to confirm species identity and assess genetic diversity and population differentiation using an integrated morphological and molecular approach. Specimens were collected from Ngebel Lake (Ponorogo, East Java) and compared with populations from East Java, South Sumatra, and Thailand. The morphological identification and inventory profile of H. macrolepidota, combined with genetic studies based on Cytochrome b (Cytb) of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) at the population level in Ngebel Lake, have not been explored before. Ngongok fish in Ngebel Lake has been confirmed as H. macrolepidota based on morphological and genetic studies. H. macrolepidota sequences from Ngebel Lake represent the Insular Asia region separated from the Mainland Asia region population based on haplotype network, phylogenetics, and genetic p-distance measurements. The H. macrolepidota population in Ngebel Lake has historically experienced rapid growth, as indicated by high genetic diversity (hd = 1.0000, π = 0.0086) and a favorable demographic history (D = 0.6479, Fs = -0.4208). The genetic closeness of H. macrolepidota and Cyprinus carpio presents potential for hybridization in the future. Despite morphological similarity across regions, genetic divergence highlights the importance of molecular data in resolving population-level differences. These findings suggest that H. macrolepidota populations are shaped by geographic and biogeographic barriers, with potential implications for conservation and management. The observed genetic patterns also suggest a potential hybridization risk under increasing environmental pressure, although further investigation using nuclear markers is required.
Antifungal activity of yogurt-derived Lactobacillus spp. against Cryptococcus neoformans SUHAIL JAWDAT FADHIL; ROAA MUHMMED YAHYA; MOHAMMED MAHMOOD HAMID
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 8 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260803

Abstract

Abstract. Fadhil SJ, Yahya RM, Hamid MM. 2025. Antifungal activity of yogurt-derived Lactobacillus spp. against Cryptococcus neoformans. Biodiversitas 26: 3694-3700. As antifungal drug resistance continues to escalate, and Lactic Acid Bacteria (LAB) find increasing application as a probiotic in food systems and public health, this study explored the potential of LAB as a bio-protective agent. This study assessed the antifungal activity of (LAB) against fungal isolates of Cryptococcus neoformans, a significant fungal agent known for causing life-threatening infections, especially for immunocompromised patients. Sixteen LAB isolates were identified from ten sheep's milk yogurt samples, cultured on MRS agar, and incubated anaerobically at the optimum temperature for the isolation. Some probiotic characteristics, such as pH, bile salt, and phenol tolerance were confirmed. Ten of the isolates were bacilli others were cocci; most of them showed a high level of resistance to pH and high tolerance to 0.3% concentration of bile salt. All identified LAB isolates exhibited great resistance to 0.3% phenol. 25/100 (25%) isolates from the pigeon droppings sample were identified as C. neoformans; these isolates were biochemically identified after being cultured on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar (SDA) and Cryptococcus Differential Agar, exposed to standard antifungal agents, and then challenged with LAB prepared in three concentrations (104,106,108) on Mueller-Hinton agar overlaid with SDA. The antifungal activity of LAB against C. neoformans was investigated using the agar well diffusion method. The strains of C. neoformans exhibited 8%, and 4% resistance to fluconazole and itraconazole, respectively, whereas the isolates were all susceptible to amphotericin B and flucytosine. Among twenty C. neoformans strains challenged with LAB isolated from yogurt, 80% of them were susceptible by obvious inhibition at (108), whereas only five C. neoformans isolates were resistant to LAB. The observed antifungal activity of LAB against C. neoformans presents a promising opportunity for the development of bio-protective and therapeutic measures against C. neoformans and other fungi with related features.
Termite diversity and infestation levels on Eucalyptus pellita plantations in Riau, Indonesia SRI RAHAYU PRASTYANINGSIH; SURYO HARDIWINOTO; MUSYAFA MUSYAFA; DARYONO PREHATEN; IRWAN EFFENDY; NURFATURAHMAN RIDWAN; FITRI KHUSYU AINI; GILANG VAZA BENATAR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 11 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261111

Abstract

Abstract. Prastyaningsih SR, Hardiwinoto S, Musyafa, Prehaten D, Effendy I, Ridwan N, Aini FK, Benatar GV. 2025. Termite diversity and infestation levels on Eucalyptus pellita plantations in Riau, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 5495-5504. Eucalyptus pellita is used in industrial plantations due to its high productivity. However, monoculture plantations are vulnerable to termite infestations, which can reduce wood volume. This study aimed to assess termite infestation in E. pellita plantations in Riau, Indonesia. A total of 5,791 trees were surveyed across 24 plots representing different stand ages to determine the incidence and intensity of termite damage. Specimens from infested trees were identified morphologically and molecularly using the mitochondrial cytochrome oxidase subunit II COII gene marker and phylogenetic analysis was applied to confirm species-level identification. Three termite species were identified: Coptotermes sepangensis, Nasutitermes matangensis, and Microcerotermes havilandi. Infestation was recorded in 3-4-year-old stands, with 5th rotation plots exhibiting greater severity than 4th rotation plots; among all species, Microcerotermes caused the greatest damage, followed by Nasutitermes and Coptotermes. Across all stands, 301 trees (5.2%) were found to be infested. Damage severity was assessed by observing trunk conditions, especially when termite mounds covered half or the entire diameter, and volume loss was estimated using Huber’s formula. The highest infestation intensity (21.5%) occurred in the 4th rotation, although most cases were classified as mild (scale 1). In contrast, the 5th rotation showed higher infestation severity, with 12.3% of trees severely damaged (scale 4), resulting in the greatest wood volume loss. In 5th rotation, three-year-old tree showed the highest loss of volume, estimated at 9.10%, or 7.54 m³/ha. This is the first molecular confirmation (COII) report of termite infestation on E. pellita in Riau. The results provide baseline information on species composition, infestation patterns and associated wood loss in E. pellita plantations.
Wing morphological changes in Drosophila melanogaster exposed to Bisphenol-A and Acrylamide SITI ZUBAIDAH; AHMAD FAUZI; DENY SETIAWAN; YAYUK MULYATI; NINDIANA CHOIRUNISA’; NATASYA ADIBA ZAHRAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 9 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260928

Abstract

Abstract. Zubaidah S, Fauzi A, Setiawan D, Mulyati Y, Choirunisa’ N, Zahrah NA. 2025. Wing morphological changes in Drosophila melanogaster exposed to Bisphenol-A and Acrylamide. Biodiversitas 26: 4567-4576. Bisphenol-A (BPA) and acrylamide are two contaminants commonly found in processed food and beverage products. This study aimed to evaluate the impact of acute exposure to BPA and acrylamide contaminants on changes in Drosophila melanogaster wing morphology. The use of wings is based on their sensitivity to environmental changes and is one of the important organs for locomotion and mating in flies. In this study, the wild-type, black, and white strains of D. melanogaster were cultured for two generations to observe the acute exposure to these two contaminants. The statistical analysis showed that acute exposure to BPA and acrylamide for two generations did not correlate strongly with wing length and width changes in the population of the three D. melanogaster strains (p<0.01). We suspect that the lack of correlation may be influenced by the non-monotonic nature of BPA, the detoxification pathway of acrylamide, and exposure studies that are still limited to acute exposure. Of all flies observed, no wing morphological changes were found in the control group. However, <15% of the group exposed to BPA and acrylamide showed wing deformities (e.g., curled, wrinkled, and notched, broken wing veins, detachment, failure in growth, and imperfections in the formation of wing edges or wing cells). The results of this study require further studies, especially on other aspects of the study and exposure over several generations, long enough to see the impact of chronic exposure to BPA and acrylamide over the next few generations.

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