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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of matoa (Pometia pinnata) from South Sumatra, Indonesia based on ITS rDNA LAILA HANUM; SALWA GHANIYU USMAN; YADI OKTARIANSYAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 11 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261113

Abstract

Abstract. Hanum L, Usman SG, Oktariansyah Y. 2025. Genetic diversity and phylogenetic analysis of matoa (Pometia pinnata) from South Sumatra, Indonesia based on ITS rDNA. Biodiversitas 26: 5515-5524. Matoa (Pometia pinnata) is an ecologically and economically significant tropical fruit tree, however, its genetic variation in South Sumatra, Indonesia remains poorly characterized. This study aimed to examine the genetic diversity and phylogenetic relationships of four matoa variants, i.e., red, yellow, green, and forest types using ITS rDNA sequences. PCR amplification yielded sequences of 681 bp for cultivated and 478 bp for forest matoa, revealing two InDel haplotypes, 141 InDel sites, and three InDel events with moderate haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.50) and low InDel diversity per site (?i = 0.001). These findings indicate limited but informative structural variation linked to insertion-deletion mutation events, supporting the ITS region’s dual role as both a conserved barcode and a marker for intraspecific differentiation. Phylogenetic and AMOVA analyses showed clear separation between cultivated and forest variants, with almost all genetic variation (99.9997%) partitioned among populations (Fst = 0.999997), suggesting restricted gene flow and possible ecological divergence. Despite high sequence similarity of 99.85% to 100% confirming conspecificity, forest matoa formed a distinct clade and grouped separately, highlighting its potential as a unique genetic reservoir. These results provide foundational molecular insights for conservation, breeding, and germplasm authentication strategies for matoa in Indonesia.
Screening sorghum varieties for salinity tolerance based on morpho-physiological and biochemical traits DAFNI MAWAR TARIGAN; ANGGRIA LESTAMI; MAULIDA KHAIRIZA NAWAR; WAN ARFIANI BARUS; ASRITANARNI MUNAR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 10 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261036

Abstract

Abstract. Tarigan DM, Lestami A, Nawar MK, Barus WA, Munar A. 2025. Screening sorghum varieties for salinity tolerance based on morpho-physiological and biochemical traits. Biodiversitas 26: 5226-5237. The global food and energy crisis highlights the urgent need for alternative crops that can thrive on suboptimal land, including saline soils. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is a promising candidate due to its wide varietal diversity and adaptive potential. Evaluating varietal responses under salinity is essential to identify the most tolerant and productive types. This study assessed the morphological, physiological, and biochemical responses of six sweet sorghum varieties (Suri 3, Super 1, Super 2, Soper 6, Soper 7, and Soper 9) under salinity stress with an electrical conductivity of 6.59 dS/m. A non-factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with three replications was employed. Plant performance was evaluated through key traits, including biomass, chlorophyll content, cuticle thickness, and seed biochemical composition. The results indicated that Suri 3 and Soper 6 demonstrated superior tolerance compared to the other varieties. These genotypes maintained higher dry weight, better chlorophyll retention, thicker cuticles, and enhanced protein content under saline conditions. Among the measured variables, dry weight, cuticle thickness, total chlorophyll, and protein concentration were the most influential in distinguishing varietal tolerance levels. The study highlights that a combination of morpho-physiological and biochemical traits can serve as reliable indicators for identifying salinity-tolerant sorghum genotypes. Such findings provide valuable guidance for sorghum breeding and improvement programs, particularly in the development of sustainable agriculture on saline-prone lands.
Distribution and abundance of mud crabs (Crustacea: Portunidae) in Pacific and Indian Ocean coasts of Thailand SOFIYUDIN MAAE; PORNPIMON CHUADUANGPUI; SUKREE HAJISAMAE; PAYAP MASNIYOM; SAWEIT CHAYMONGKOL; SITTHISAK JANTARAT; SUPAPORN SAENGKAEW
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 9 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260925

Abstract

Abstract. Maae S, Chuaduangpui P, Hajisamae S, Masniyom P, Chaymongkol S, Jantarat S, Saengkaew S. 2025. Distribution and abundance of mud crabs (Crustacea: Portunidae) in Pacific and Indian Ocean coasts of Thailand. Biodiversitas 26: 4534-4544. Mud crabs (Crustacea: Portunidae) are economically important species found in the two oceans of Thailand's coastal waters. This study aimed to examine the species composition and size variation of Scylla species across two distinct coastal regions of Thailand, the Gulf of Thailand (GOT, Pacific Ocean) and the Andaman Sea (ADM, Indian Ocean), and to contextualize these findings within global distribution patterns. A total of 4,116 specimens were collected from five sampling sites during June 2022 and June 2023. Carapace Width (CW) and Body Weight (BW) were recorded for each individual. In the GOT, the species composition was dominated by S. olivacea (86.24%), followed by S. paramamosain (11.32%) and S. tranquebarica (2.45%). In the ADM, S. olivacea accounted for 99.40%, and S. paramamosain 0.60%; S. tranquebarica was absent. Size variation analysis showed that both male and female S. olivacea, and female S. paramamosain from the GOT were significantly larger (P<0.05) in CW and BW than those from the ADM. No significant size difference was observed in male S. paramamosain (P>0.05). Monthly data from the GOT revealed peak S. olivacea proportions in January (93.81%), April (91.85%), and June (91.02%); the lowest proportion was observed in June (74.83%). Scylla paramamosain peaked in June (23.18%), followed by February (19.75%) and May (16.00%). Scylla tranquebarica showed low occurrences, peaking in November (6.42%), followed by June (4.19%) and February (3.70%). In the ADM, S. olivacea was consistently dominant. These findings provide baseline data for population assessments, resource management, and aquaculture development, contributing to a broader ecological understanding of economically valuable Scylla species.
Acetylcholinesterase activity and Ace-1 mutation in Aedes aegypti resistance to temephos YENI ETMA NAZAR; HASMIWATI HASMIWATI; RESTI RAHAYU
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 9 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260930

Abstract

Abstract. Nazar YE, Hasmiwati, Rahayu R. 2025. Acetylcholinesterase activity and Ace-1 mutation in Aedes aegypti resistance to temephos. Biodiversitas 26: 4598-4605. An organophosphate insecticide called temephos is frequently used to manage Aedes aegypti, the main Dengue Fever (DF) vector. However, prolonged and widespread application has led to resistance in many mosquito. This study aimed to assess temephos resistance in Aedes aegypti larvae from Tanjung Bingkuang, Solok District, West Sumatra, Indonesia, using biochemical and molecular assays, this study sought to ascertain the resistance status of Ae. aegypti larvae collected from Tanjung Bingkuang, Solok District, West Sumatra. The biochemical test results showed that the larvae exhibited a high level of resistance, with an Activity Value (AV) of 1.077 and Acetylcholinesterase (AChE) enzyme activity of 6.65 U/L. Further molecular analysis identified a point mutation at codon T506T in the Ace-1 gene, characterized by a nucleotide change from ACA to ACT. Molecular analysis identified a synonymous mutation (T506T; ACA ? ACT) in the Ace-1 gene, potentially associated with resistance development. These results confirm the emergence of temephos resistance in local Ae. aegypti populations and highlight the importance of incorporating molecular and enzymatic surveillance tools into vector control programs to ensure larvicide efficacy. This study confirms that the use of the organophosphate insecticide temephos is no longer effective in controlling Ae. aegypti larvae in Tanjuang Bingkuang, Solok District, West Sumatra, Indonesia.
CRISPR/Cas9-mediated sgRNA design targeting UDP-Glycosyltransferases (UGTs) in Indonesian local rice MOHAMMAD UBAIDILLAH; REZA MUHAMMAD SYARIF; ANGGER AISYAH HADIAHNING GUSTI; ROSALINA DIVA AURELA; IHSAN HABIBI; SRI HARTATIK; RIKNO HARMOKO; KYUNG MIN KIM
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270108

Abstract

Abstract. Ubaidillah M, Syarif RM, Gusti AIH, Aurela RD, Habibi I, Hartatik S, Harmoko R, Kim KM. 2026. CRISPR/Cas9-mediated sgRNA design targeting UDP-Glycosyltransferases (UGTs) in Indonesian local rice. Biodiversitas 27 (1): d270108. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270108. Sakuranetin serves as a vital phytoalexin in rice and exhibits notable pharmacological properties. Its biosynthesis is catalyzed by the OsNOMT enzyme and regulated by UDP-Glycosyltransferase (UGTs) genes, which divert naringenin into other flavonoids, thereby limiting sakuranetin production. This study aimed to design and construct specific single-guide RNA (sgRNAs) targeting UDP-Glycosyl Transferase (UGTs) genes precisely via CRISPR/Cas9 to establish genetic tools for metabolic engineering. Glucosyltransferases were collected from GenBank and aligned using Clustal Omega 13. The sgRNA oligonucleotides were designed using CHOPCHOP version 3, yielding information related to PAM, sgRNA efficiency, GC content, and others. A total of three sgRNAs were produced, with two showing efficiencies that match the target gene UGTs with predicted highest on-target sites and GC content above 60%. The designed sgRNA was successfully constructed into plasmid pRGEB32 and transformed into Agrobacterium tumefaciens LBA4404. Molecular validation confirmed plasmid integrity and sgRNA insertion through PCR amplification and sequencing. Preliminary transformation trials using Indonesian local rice varieties (Merah Wangi, Pandan Wangi, and Pontianak) revealed genotype-dependent variability, with Pandan Wangi showing the highest transformation efficiency and callus survival. These results demonstrate a molecular foundation for precise metabolic pathway engineering to enhance stress-adaptive and disease-resistant traits in local rice cultivars.
Diversity, composition and distribution of bracket fungi in Mt. Arayat Protected Landscape, Pampanga, Philippines REYNANTE G. BUSTILLOS; JOHN MARCO T. DE GUZMAN; EMERITA S. CAYMO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 10 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261011

Abstract

Abstract. Bustillos RG, De Guzman JMT, Caymo ES. 2025. Diversity, composition and distribution of bracket fungi in Mt. Arayat Protected Landscape, Pampanga, Philippines. Biodiversitas 26: 4954-4966. Despite its recognition as a protected area, little attention was given to the macrofungal diversity of Mt. Arayat Protected Landscape (MAPL), Pampanga, Philippines. This study investigated current diversity of wood-inhabiting fungi in three collection sites of MAPL (i.e., North Peak, South Peak, Pinnacle) and varying elevation gradients (i.e.,100-250, 251-500, 501-750 masl). Bracket fungi were purposively collected and characterized using morphological properties and further validated by experts. A total of 47 species were identified, belonging to the class Agaricomycetes and grouped into 4 orders, 7 families, and 14 genera. Out of these, 32 species were identified down to the species level, while 15 were at the genus level and require DNA barcoding to confirm their identities. The order Polyporales and genus Ganoderma recorded the highest number of species. The majority of the bracket fungi were anchored on dead logs, living solitary and are non-edible. Shannon and Simpson diversity indices showed that the South Peak has the highest fungal diversity and richness. The three collection areas have almost even distribution of species. Sorensen index reveals high similarity of species found among collection sites. Moreover, diversity according to altitude is highest at 251-500 masl with moderate richness and even distribution of species. Only 251-500 masl and 501-750 masl share similar species, while slight variations are observed in other elevation ranges. This pioneering report on diversity of MAPL reflects its forest status that can be used as baseline information for continuous monitoring of its condition and contribute to biodiversity conservation and sustainability efforts.
Morphophysiological responses of black soybean to nitrogen-fixing bacterial inoculants from diverse agroecosystems FAIRUS HISANAH HIBATULLAH; USAMA YASEEN; FARHAN AHMAD; FIQRIAH HANUM KHUMAIRAH; AGUNG KARUNIAWAN; EMMA TRINURANI SOFYAN; ANNE NURBAITY; TUALAR SIMARMATA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270133

Abstract

Abstract. Hibatullah FH, Yaseen U, Ahmad F, Khumairah FH, Karuniawan A, Sofyan ET, Nurbaity A, Simarmata T. 2026. Morphophysiological responses of black soybean to nitrogen-fixing bacterial inoculants from diverse agroecosystems. Biodiversitas 27 (1): d270133. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270133. Black soybean (Glycine max) is a legume crop of high nutritional and economic value, especially in sustainable agricultural systems. Its productivity, however, is often limited by nutrient-deficient soils. We hypothesized that inoculation with Symbiotic Nitrogen-Fixing Bacteria (SNFB) sourced from diverse agroecosystems could enhance morphophysiological performance under controlled conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the morphophysiological responses of black soybean to inoculation with SNFB isolated from diverse agroecosystems. The study comprised (i) isolation and phenotypic characterization of SNFB strains and (ii) greenhouse evaluation using a randomized complete block design with six bacterial treatments (BJ-H1, BJ-H2, BJ-H3, BJ-H4, BJ-H5, and BJ-H6) and an uninoculated control, each with four replicates. Parameters measured included plant height, chlorophyll content, fresh and dry biomass, and nodulation. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) followed by post-hoc comparisons (p<0.05) revealed that BJ-H5 significantly increased plant height (2.41%), chlorophyll content (14.7%), fresh shoot biomass (59.33%), and dry shoot biomass (21.11%) relative to the control, BJ-H2 and BJ-H3 induced the highest nodulation, indicative of enhanced nitrogen fixation. Correlation and principal component analyses demonstrated robust positive associations between inoculation treatments and growth traits. These findings provide statistically substantiated evidence that targeted SNFB inoculation, particularly with strain BJ-H5, represents a viable biofertilizer strategy for improving black soybean productivity on marginal or degraded soils, thereby reducing dependence on synthetic nitrogen inputs and supporting sustainable crop intensification.
Roadkill hotspots and driver awareness for endemic herpetofauna conservation in Western Thailand PAPHAWADEE DUANGTA; THANAPHAT KLUBCHUM; PIYATHIP PIYAPAN; CHUTAMAS SUKHONTAPATIPAK; WEERACHON SAWANGPROH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 12 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261206

Abstract

Abstract. Duangta P, Klubchum T, Piyapan P, Sukhontapatipak C, Sawangproh W. 2025. Roadkill hotspots and driver awareness for endemic herpetofauna conservation in Western Thailand. Biodiversitas 26: 6025-6038. University campuses, dense mosaics of roads, buildings, and small habitat patches, are rarely assessed for Wildlife-Vehicle Collisions (WVCs) despite predictable internal traffic and proximity to biodiverse areas. We addressed this gap at Mahidol University Kanchanaburi Campus (MUKA), Thailand, using a year-long, twice-daily carcass survey across four routes, supplemented by community reports and a concurrent driver questionnaire. We documented 170 carcasses from 31 species, dominated by reptiles (109, 64%) and amphibians (55, 32%), with few mammals (4, 3%) and birds (2, 1%). Spatial analysis revealed significant variation in roadkill incidence across routes (Kruskal-Wallis, H: 22.94, df: 3, p<0.0000424), with Route B identified as the primary hotspot adjacent to ponds and forest edges. Chi-square tests detected no association in taxonomic composition with distance to water, time of day, or season, yet roadkill incidents clustered near water (?200 m), at night, and during the rainy season, indicating ecologically meaningful tendencies despite non-significant group-wise differences. The driver survey (n: 85) revealed a qualitative size-based bias, with greater caution toward larger mammals compared with small, less conspicuous herpetofauna. Notably, records included Thai endemics (Jarujinia bipedalis, Gekko nutaphandi), underscoring conservation urgency where even low absolute losses can affect micro-endemic populations. We propose targeted mitigation measures—night/monsoon speed management, frog/snake icon signage before pond-adjacent bends, pilot micro-culverts with drift fencing, and wildlife-sensitive lighting only where crash risk warrants—and recommend exploring an Other Effective Area-Based Conservation Measure (OECM) approach for the Route B corridor to develop a transferable model for biodiversity-sensitive campus roads. Integrating these measures into campus planning could position MUKA as a model for biodiversity-sensitive infrastructure in the tropics, directly benefiting evolutionarily distinct and micro-endemic species.
Phytochemical diversity and anticancer potential of Etlingera elatior fruits across ecological regions in Aceh, Indonesia NUZUL ASMILIA; WIDYA SARI; RISA NURSANTY; SAUDAH SAUDAH; ZUMAIDAR ZUMAIDAR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 11 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261103

Abstract

Abstract. Asmilia N, Sari W, Nursanty R, Saudah, Zumaidar. 2025. Phytochemical diversity and anticancer potential of Etlingera elatior fruits across ecological regions in Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 5423-5429. Etlingera elatior (Zingiberaceae) fruit is a traditional Acehnese medicinal plant known for its diverse bioactive compounds. This study investigated the phytochemical diversity, antioxidant properties, cytotoxicity, and anticancer potential of E. elatior fruits collected from three regions of Aceh: Pidie, the Gayo Highlands, and Simeulue Island. Qualitative and quantitative screenings were performed to assess secondary metabolites, Total Phenolic Content (TPC), and Total Flavonoid Content (TFC). Antioxidant capacity was performed by the DPPH assay, cytotoxicity by the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT), and anticancer activity by the MTT assay against MCF-7 breast cancer cells. The results revealed clear regional differences in phytochemical profiles and bioactivities. Simeulue fruits exhibited the highest TPC and TFC, while extracts from the Gayo Highlands showed the strongest antioxidant and cytotoxic activities. Notably, the Gayo extracts also demonstrated the most potent anticancer activity, significantly inhibiting MCF-7 cell proliferation. These findings highlight the ecological influence on phytochemical diversity and biological activity of E. elatior, with altitude and geographic conditions shaping metabolite accumulation. Overall, the study demonstrates that E. elatior fruits, particularly those from the Gayo Highlands, possess considerable anticancer potential. This underscores the importance of conserving local biodiversity and supports the development of E. elatior as a natural source for novel anticancer agents. Further research should prioritize isolation of active constituents, molecular pathway analysis, and in vivo validation to advance its development for nutraceutical and phytopharmaceutical applications.
Diversity and biofertilizer potential of root endophytic fungi in Arabica coffee SOFYAN SOFYAN; ADE ROSMANA; NASARUDDIN NASARUDDIN; HARIS BAHRUN; KURNIAWAN KURNIAWAN; AKHMAD SYAKUR; DARMAWAN RISAL
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 12 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261202

Abstract

Abstract. Sofyan, Rosmana A, Nasaruddin, Bahrun H, Kurniawan, Syakur A, Risal D. 2025. Diversity and biofertilizer potential of root endophytic fungi in Arabica coffee. Biodiversitas 26: 5977-5988. Sustainable Arabica coffee cultivation requires eco-friendly biological inputs to improve plant growth and soil quality. This study explored the diversity and physiological potential of root endophytic fungi isolated from Arabica coffee plants at two age-structured plots within one village in Maros, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, and evaluated their capacity to quantify phytohormone-related signals and assess compost enrichment. Endophytic fungi were isolated from coffee roots and characterized morphologically to the putative genus level, while biochemical assays estimated IAA-equivalents and GA-like (GA3) compounds. A randomized block design was used to assess compost decomposition and biofertilizer responses of Arabica seedlings in non-sterile soil. Results showed that a total of fourteen isolates were obtained, with Trichoderma spp. dominating young roots (<3 years) and Aspergillus, Penicillium, and Paecilomyces more common in older roots (>10 years). Isolate 5C10BM produced the highest IAA-equivalent signal (3.02 ppm), while P11 yielded the highest GA-like signal (8.14 ppm) and showed a trend toward higher compost nitrogen content relative to the uninoculated control. Compost analysis showed that isolate 6C10BM increased C-organic (20.07%), isolate 11C3BM showed nitrogen levels of 1.19% and isolate 14C3BM elevated phosphorus (0.63%) and potassium (0.42%). Plant assays revealed that isolate 2C10BM increased seedling height (45.4 cm), whereas 9C10BM enhanced leaf number and area. The study demonstrates functional diversity among endophytic fungi, with strain-specific capabilities, particularly in isolates 5C10BM, 11C3BM, and 14C3BM, which exhibited indicative traits relevant to biofertilizer and compost-activating potential. These findings provide insights into endophyte-associated functional traits; future work will include molecular identification and verification of root colonization.

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