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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Thermal drone monitoring of arboreal primates in a post-coal mining area in South Kalimantan, Indonesia SOFIAN ISKANDAR; HANIFULLAH HABIBIE; ABDUL RAHMAN HAFIF; DODIK CHOIRON; RIZA NOVIAN; MEKKA RIADHAH; DIDIK TRIWIBOWO; RIO RIZKY KURNIAWAN; ADINDA AINUN MARDIAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 9 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260938

Abstract

Abstract. Iskandar S, Habibie H, Hafif AR, Choiron D, Novian R, Riadhah M, Triwibowo D, Kurniawan RR, Mardiah AA. 2025. Thermal drone monitoring of arboreal primates in a post-coal mining area in South Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 4673-4684. PT Adaro Indonesia in South Kalimantan, Indonesia, is committed to rehabilitating natural habitat and restoring biodiversity in post-mining areas. The proboscis monkey (Nasalis larvatus) and silvery lutung (Trachypithecus cristatus) are arboreal primates and protected species in accordance with regulations issued by Indonesian Minister of Environment and Forestry No. P.106/MENLHK/SETJEN/KUM.1/12/2018, the IUCN Redlist, and Appendix I of CITES. The monitoring program aims to monitor the population and habitat of these primates in Paringin, South Kalimantan, an area impacted by mining activities, using thermal drone technology as a non-invasive, efficient survey method. Thermal drones were deployed to identify primate sleeping sites with greater precision. Optimal flight parameters included a total flight distance of 41 km, 12 waypoints, a flight duration of 14 minutes and 23 seconds, a speed of 15 m/s, and an altitude of 120 meters—ensuring adequate canopy clearance and visibility. This method enabled reliable detection of primate groups, allowing accurate estimates of population density: 21.5 ind/km² in Post-Coal Mining Area and 6.61 ind/km² in BUPER for proboscis monkeys. Meanwhile, silvery lutungs have 25.3 ind/km² in Post-Coal Mining Area and 4.96 ind/km² in BUPER. However, age and sex composition could not be detected from thermal imagery. Vegetation analysis of the pit lake area recorded 21 tree species, with 664 trees, 1,431 poles, 2,096 stakes, and 3,100 seedlings, indicating regenerating habitat structure. The availability of food species and habitat suitability were identified as the primary drivers of primate distribution in the area. Thermal drone photography is capable of counting the total number of individuals in a detected group, but it may not be able to identify the composition of individuals based on age and sex categories.
Habitat suitability and distribution of Sumatran serow (Capricornis sumatraensis sumatraensis) in a Leuser ecosystem, Indonesia SUTOPO SUTOPO; DEDE AULIA RAHMAN; IKSAN GUSTIAWAN; MISBAH SATRIA GIRI; MAFRIKHUL MUTTAQIN; MUHAMMAD SAUKI AKBAR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 8 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260819

Abstract

Abstract. Sutopo S, Rahman DA, Gustiawan I, Giri MS, Muttaqin M, Akbar MS. 2025. Habitat suitability and distribution of Sumatran serow (Capricornis sumatraensis) in a Leuser ecosystem, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 3875-3885. Determining the distribution of species and suitable habitats is a fundamental part of planning for the protection of key species. Mount Leuser National Park (MLNP), Indonesia, is habitat to the Sumatran serow (Capricornis sumatraensis sumatraensis), an endangered ungulate species. Habitat loss due to deforestation for agriculture, oil palm plantations, illegal hunting, and illegal trade in body parts are factors contributing to the increasing pressure on this species in its natural habitat. Therefore, this study aims to model the distribution of the Sumatran serow and identify priority conservation zones based on habitat suitability models. We conducted ensemble modelling implemented in the R package ‘ENMTML’ using 3 modelling techniques (MaxEnt, Random Forest, and Boosted Regression Tree) and an ensemble model. We combined 282 Sumatran serow occurrence points with 9 climate, topography, vegetation, and anthropogenic variables. The Random Forest model performed best among the three models in predicting Sumatran serow habitat, with an AUC value of 0.89 and TSS of 0.62. The Random Forest model predicts a larger area with low habitat suitability, covering 74% (610,520 ha) of the total area, with moderate habitat suitability covering 16% (131,090 ha) and high habitat suitability covering only 10% (78,139 ha) of the Sumatran serow distribution across the study area. Our model can help identify potential protection areas for this species to support its conservation. This has implications for knowledge about the current distribution and suitable habitat for Sumatran serow. Conservation efforts can be focused more effectively on core zones, particularly in Section III, Blangkejeren, and Section IV, Badar. By utilising the results of the habitat suitability model for several actions such as evaluating MLNP zoning, prioritising monitoring areas, considering corridors for connectivity, and evaluating habitat restoration programmes, conservation strategies for Sumatran serows in MLNP will be improved, and the chances of survival for Sumatran serow populations in the future can be maintained.
Diversity and distribution of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) and their pathogenicity against Odoiporus longicollis in Mizoram, India HRANG CHAL LALRAMNGHAKI; LALRAMLIANA LALRAMLIANA; VANLALHLIMPUIA VANLALHLIMPUIA; HMINGTHANZUALA HMINGTHANZUALA; MARY LALRAMCHUANI; VANRAMLIANA VANRAMLIANA; HMAR TLAWMTE LALREMSANGA; SA THING LALZARZOVI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 10 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261049

Abstract

Abstract. Lalramnghaki HC, Lalramliana, Vanlalhlimpuia, Hmingthanzuala, Lalramchuani M, Vanramliana, Lalremsanga HT, Lalzarzovi ST. 2025. Diversity and distribution of entomopathogenic nematodes (Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae) and their pathogenicity against Odoiporus longicollis in Mizoram, India. Biodiversitas 26: 5371-5384. Odoiporus longicollis, (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), commonly known as the banana pseudostem weevil (BPW), is a significant pest that reduces banana yield. Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs), recognized for their robust biocontrol ability, can control economically important insect pests and can be integrated into Integrated Pest Management (IPM) strategies. To identify EPNs, a survey was conducted across Mizoram, Northeastern India. Of all the 538 soil samples collected, 19 (3.53%) were positive for EPNs, representing13 of 36 collection sites (36.11%). The ITS and 28 rDNA sequence analyses identified 13 EPN isolates: seven Heterorhabditis indica, one H. baujardi, three Steinernema sangi, and two S. surkhetense. Pathogenicity tests were performed by exposing O. longicollis larvae to various concentrations of nematodes in Petri dish assay. Each EPN isolate was tested twice, with eight replicas per concentration (IJs/larva). BPW larval mortality ranged from 25-100% for both H. indica and S. sangi, 18.75-100 and 12.5-100% for H. baujardi and S. surkhetense, respectively. Based on LC50 and LT50 values, H. indica was the most lethal, followed by S. sangi, H. baujardi, and S. surkhetense. All EPN isolates successfully colonized dead larvae, with heterorhabditids multiplying more effectively than steinernematids. H. indica showed the highest multiplication rates, producing 77.5±14.44 x 103 and 125.97±31.49 x 103 IJs emerging at 10 and 200 IJs/insect, respectively. Nevertheless, the nematode multiplication rates, measured by the number of offspring produced, varied significantly among species [F (3, 28) = 67.57, p?0.05]. These findings on EPNs distribution enhance the knowledge on their geographical diversity and support their potential use in field management. 
Plant diversity of ceremonial foods used by Minangkabau ethnic group in West Sumatra, Indonesia NAHDA KANARA; HADI SUSILO ARIFIN; ERVIZAL AMIR MUHAMMAD ZUHUD; BAMBANG PRAMUDYA NOOROCHMAT
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 12 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261233

Abstract

Abstract. Kanara N, Arifin HS, Zuhud EAM, Noorochmat BP. 2025. Plant diversity of ceremonial foods used by Minangkabau ethnic group in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 6352-6366. Ethnic communities generally possess Traditional Ecological Knowledge (TEK) in managing natural resources and the environment as well as traditonal ceremonies and foods. This study is the first that comprehensively document plant diversity for ceremonial foods by Minangkabau communities in West Sumatra, Indonesia. The objectives are to: (i) identify the ceremonial food plants, (ii) analyze the cultural food significance of ceremonial food plant species, and (iii) analyze the important local agroforestry system to conserve the ceremonial food plants used by the Minangkabau ethnic group. Data collection was performed using purposive sampling and ethnobotanical approaches. The information was obtained through semi-structured interviews with 104 informants in Lima Puluh Kota District and Payakumbuh Municipality, West Sumatra, Indonesia. Valuation of the key plant species was obtained using the Cultural Food Significance Index (CFSI) method. The data show that Minangkabau ethnic group use 86 taxa from 38 families as ceremonial foods with the dominance family is Solanaceae. Total 30 taxa from 13 family were considered to have a very high-CFSI with the dominance families are Fabaceae and Zingiberaceae. Plants often used in ceremonies by the Minangkabau ethnic group are mostly gathered in the mixed garden and homegarden, showing that local agroforestry systems are the most potential landscape in conserving ceremonial food plants. Maintain local agroforestry systems and preserve socio-cultural practices in Minangkabau ethnic group have implication for the conservation of local food plants and enhance local food security.
Systematic conservation planning for pelagic fish habitats in the Sulawesi Sea, Indonesia AMEHR HAKIM; AM AZBAS TAURUSMAN; BUDY WIRYAWAN; ARI PURBAYANTO; REGI DARMAWAN; IRFAN YULIANTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 5 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270513

Abstract

Abstract. Hakim A, Taurusman AA, Wiryawan B, Purbayanto A, Darmawan R, Yulianto I. 2026. Systematic conservation planning for pelagic fish habitats in the Sulawesi Sea, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (5): d270513. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270513. Mackerel scad (Decapterus macarellus) is a key species in pelagic fisheries, providing substantial economic value while playing an important role in pelagic food webs. However, increasing fishing pressure raises concerns regarding stock sustainability and ecosystem integrity. This study aimed to identify priority areas for offshore pelagic Marine Protected Areas (MPAs) in the Sulawesi Sea, Indonesia, by integrating ecological and socio‑economic information within a systematic conservation planning framework. Spatial analyses of spawning and nursery habitats derived from larval surveys were combined with fishing‑related cost data and analyzed using Marxan to optimize conservation prioritization under four alternative scenarios. The analysis identified four candidate conservation areas (Areas I-IV). Among these, Area IV that located between Sangihe and Talaud Islands, consistently emerged as the highest conservation priority, offering the most favorable balance between high ecological value and low fishing intensity. Area IV covers approximately 599,790.91 ha, with 282,364.82 ha (47.08%) identified as a core conservation zone supporting critical spawning and nursery habitats of D. macarellus. These findings demonstrate the value of integrating larval habitat data with spatial optimization tools to identify cost‑efficient and ecologically robust offshore conservation areas. The approach provides a scientifically grounded framework for offshore pelagic MPA planning and contributes empirical evidence to support ecosystem‑based fisheries management in the Sulawesi Sea.
Soil properties drive population abundance of the rare, endemic Euphorbia yaroslavii in the Zailiyskiy Alatau, Kazakhstan ZHANSAYA ТURGARA; ABIBULLA AMETOV; KANAT KULYMBET; ASSEL CHILDIBAYEVA; SALTANAT NAZARBEKOVA; TOLGANAY RYSKALI; ULZHAN EREZHETOVA; ASEM TASTANBEKOVA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 11 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261144

Abstract

Abstract. ?urgara Z, Ametov A, Kulymbet K, Childibayeva A, Nazarbekova S, Ryskali T, Erezhetova U, Tastanbekova A. 2025. Soil properties drive population abundance of the rare, endemic Euphorbia yaroslavii in the Zailiyskiy Alatau, Kazakhstan. Biodiversitas 26: 5881-5890. This study investigates the ecological and soil-chemical factors influencing the population abundance of the rare herbaceous perennial geophyte Euphorbia yaroslavii in the Zailiyskiy Alatau Mountains, Southeastern Kazakhstan. Field surveys were conducted across three gorges - Ushkonyr, Shamalgan, and Kaskelen - comprising nine cenopopulations. A total of 337 individuals were recorded, with the highest abundance observed in Ushkonyr (188 individuals) and the lowest in Kaskelen (56 individuals). Soil texture, structure, and chemistry were analyzed in detail, including granulometry, humus content, pH, CO?, available N, P?O?, K?O, exchangeable cations (Ca²?, Mg²?, Na?, K?), and total soluble salts. Pearson correlation analysis revealed very strong positive correlations between population abundance and sand (r = +0.95), clay (r = +0.87), humus (r = +0.80), mobile nitrogen (r = +0.93), and with exchangeable magnesium among key base cations (r = +0.92). A strong negative correlation was found with silt content (r = -0.88), indicating that excess silt may limit aeration. Correlations were computed at the cenopopulation level (n = 9), pairing abundance with co-located soil measurements from the 0-20 cm layer. The most favorable soil conditions for E. yaroslavii are loamy calcareous soils with 40-50% sand, 20-30% clay, slightly alkaline pH (7.4-7.9), humus ? 2.5%, and high base saturation with dominance of Ca²? and Mg²?. These findings suggest that population abundance is primarily determined by soil texture and organic matter, with magnesium acting as an important component of an overall balanced base-cation regime. Sites meeting these criteria should be prioritized for in situ conservation and habitat restoration, with recommended practices including organic amendment and liming to improve soil fertility and structure.
Phytochemical profile and GC-MS analysis of Flacourtia jangomas fruit for therapeutic applications PRADIP DEBNATH; BITHY RANI SHILL; KISHORE KUMAR SARKAR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 12 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261216

Abstract

Abstract. Debnath P, Shill BR, Sarkar KK. 2025. Phytochemical profile and GC-MS analysis of Flacourtia jangomas fruit for therapeutic applications. Biodiversitas 26: 6140-6150. The application of natural compounds and their structural analogs plays a pivotal role in modern pharmacotherapy. Flacourtia jangomas, a member of the Salicaceae family, is known for its traditional medicinal uses and pharmacological potential. The present study aimed to characterize the phytochemical constituents of hydroalcoholic whole-fruit extracts of F. jangomas through preliminary phytochemical screening and Gas Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS/MS). Qualitative analysis revealed the presence of alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, glycosides, saponins, and terpenoids. GC-MS/MS analysis identified 23 bioactive compounds, with Glycidyl Palmitate (30.92%) and 5-Hydroxymethylfurfural (13.92%) being the most abundant. Other compounds included 3-Methylthiophene-2-carboxamide (5.46%), (2R,6R)-2-Heptyl-6-Methylpiperidine (2.77%), Sebacic acid, isohexyl 2-naphthyl ester (1.72%), Sedoheptulosan (1.69%), 2(5H)-Furanon (1.53%), 1,2-Ethanediol, Dipropionate (1.27%), 2-Furancarboxylic Acid, Hydrazide (1.15%), and Trans-2-Methyl-4-N-Butylthiane, S,S-Dioxide (1.09%), and others in lower concentrations. A number of compounds identified in the sample through GC-MS/MS analysis have been previously reported to exhibit antioxidant properties. The presence of antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and antidiabetic metabolites such as glycidyl palmitate, 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, eugenol, and coumarin supports its traditional medicinal uses. These results highlight the potential application of F. jangomas fruit extracts in the development of functional foods, nutraceuticals, and plant-based pharmaceuticals aimed at managing oxidative stress-related disorders, metabolic diseases, and chronic inflammatory conditions.
Seagrass diversity profile and water quality in some coastal ecosystems in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia IMELDA TIDORA SOMBO; ENDANG ARISOESILANINGSIH; AIDA SARTIMBUL; NIA KURNIAWAN; CATUR RETNANINGDYAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 11 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261148

Abstract

Abstract. Sombo IT, Arisoesilaningsih E, Sartimbul A, Kurniawan N, Retnaningdyah C. 2025. Seagrass diversity profile and water quality in some coastal ecosystems in East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 5931-5943. Seagrass ecosystems provide critical services including carbon sequestration, coastal protection, and fisheries support, yet face accelerating degradation from anthropogenic pressures. Indonesia harbors 13 of 60 global seagrass species, with East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, supporting exceptional diversity within the Coral Triangle biodiversity hotspot. We analyzed seagrass community structure and water quality relationships across eight coastal locations spanning Timor, Rote, and Alor Islands to establish conservation baselines. Field sampling employed 120 quadrats (1 × 1 m²) along transects at 0.5-2.0 m depths, with species identification following standard taxonomic keys. Seven physicochemical parameters were measured in situ and through laboratory analysis. Eight seagrass species were documented (92% of Indonesia's flora), with coverage ranging from 2,000 to 16,000 individuals/site. Three dominant species, Enhalus acoroides, Thalassia hemprichii, Cymodocea rotundata, occurred at all locations with 39% average coverage. Shannon-Wiener Diversity Index ranged from 1.5 to 2.7 (peak at Onan Ana), with 62.5% of sites maintaining moderate-to-high diversity. Critical environmental stress was widespread: nitrate exceeded standards (0.06 mg/L) at all sites by 100-717% (0.12-0.49 mg/L), temperatures surpassed optimal thresholds (> 33°C) at 50% of locations, and hypoxic conditions (DO < 5 mg/L) occurred at 25% of sites. Principal component analysis explained 69.61% of variation, revealing strong negative correlations between nutrients and diversity (orthophosphate-diversity: r = -0.78; nitrate-richness: r = -0.53). Despite environmental degradation, dominant species demonstrated remarkable resilience. Urgent conservation actions required include: implementing nutrient reduction targeting < 0.06 mg/L nitrate through watershed management, establishing thermal refugia protection at sites maintaining < 30°C, and designating high-diversity locations as genetic reserves for regional restoration programs.
Vegetation dynamics of canopy tree species of Lendrikia Reserve Forest, Kandhamal, Odisha, India ANITA DASH; RABINDRA KUMAR MISHRA; BIDYUT KUMAR PATRA; ASHIS KUMAR DASH; ADITI SAHU; ANIL KUMAR BISWAL; VEERENDRA PRATAP UPADHYAY
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270217

Abstract

Abstract. Dash A, Mishra RK, Patra BK, Dash A, Sahu A, Biswal AK, Upadhyay VP. 2026. Vegetation dynamics of canopy tree species of Lendrikia Reserve Forest, Kandhamal, Odisha, India. Biodiversitas 27 (2): d270217. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270217. Sustainable management of forests, especially tropical forests, is essential to comprehend how the phytosociological attributes and diversity indices of canopy tree species affect forest structure and to propose forest management options. The moist deciduous forest covers of Lendrikia Reserve Forest (LRF), an ecologically sensitive and biodiverse area in Phulbani Forest Division, Kandhamal, Odisha, India, have not yet been assessed, though numerous studies have been conducted in various tropical forest covers of India and Odisha. To address this knowledge gap, we examined phytosociological attributes of canopy tree species in the tropical moist deciduous forests of LRF in Phulbani Forest Division. Forty quadrats (20 m × 20 m) were randomly laid within the reserve forest for the study. A total of 70 canopy tree species from 55 genera and 23 families was recorded. Across species, the basal area of the species ranged from 0.233 to 2.66 m² ha-¹, totalling to 27.6 m² ha-¹, and the density from 0.625 to 43.75 individuals ha⁻¹, totalling to 575 individuals ha-¹. The Shannon wiener diversity, evenness, richness, concentration of dominance, and beta diversity of species were 3.92, 0.92, 10.11, 0.26, and 6.65, respectively, indicating the heterogeneous nature of the reserve forest. In terms of Importance Value Index (IVI), Shorea robusta (17.74) was the most dominant tree species, followed by Ficus religiosa (10.51), Terminalia anogeissiana (9.24), Schleichera oleosa (8.67), Melia azedarach (8.41), and Lannea coromandelica (8.31) as co-dominants. The conservation status of tree species of the reserve, as per the IUCN Red list category, includes vulnerable (04), critically endangered (01), endangered (01), and near-threatened species (02). The present study emphasizes that the combined knowledge of phytosociological characters, along with documentation of the conservation status of canopy tree species, is essential for prioritizing conservation efforts for managing resources and ensuring the long-term sustainability of both the plant species and the forest ecosystem.
Habitat suitability of Javan langur (Trachypithecus auratus) in Gunung Babakan, West Java, Indonesia AHMAD FAUZI; ICHSAN SUWANDHI; YOYO SUHAYA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 8 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260814

Abstract

Abstract. Fauzi A, Suwandhi I, Suhaya Y. 2025. Habitat suitability of Javan langur (Trachypithecus auratus) in Gunung Babakan, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 3815-3826. The Forest Management Unit (FMU) Ciamis is one of the forest management areas owned by Perum Perhutani, which has the predicate of High Conservation Value Forest (HCVF). One of the categories of HCVF was HCV 3, which encompassed areas with rare or endangered ecosystems. The endangered animal species found in the Gunung Babakan of FMU Ciamis is the Javan langur (Trachypithecus auratus). This study aimed to analyze the suitability of Gunung Babakan as a habitat for the Javan langur, assessing the feasibility of secondary forest conditions as an area of high conservation value, using a deductive research approach. The methods used were vegetation analysis with purposive sampling, Canopy Height Model (CHM), and Habitat Suitability Index (HSI) model based on research conducted by Maulahila et al. (2023) with several adjustments. In addition, the validation was conducted on the HSI model, using a Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) curve. The study results showed there were 66 plant species, 33 were feeding trees for Javan langurs, and 13 of them were the main food source. Moreover, the canopy conditions in the Gunung Babakan secondary forest were dominated by stratum C (4-20 m; 84% of the area), followed by stratum B (20-30 m; 14% of the area). Based on the results of the habitat suitability index scoring, Gunung Babakan Secondary Forest had a score ranging from 0.55 to 0.85, which was categorized as 'high' (0.55-0.75; 59% of the area) and 'excellent’ (0.76-0.85; 41% of the area). Furthermore, the results showed the HSI of the Javan langur had a moderate model accuracy level with an AUC value of 0.742. Overall, based on feeding vegetation, canopy height, and the HSI model, the area was suitable as a habitat for Javan langurs with several conservation measures.

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