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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
 599   600   601   602   603 
Distribution and conservation status of four endemic long-tailed macaque subspecies in Indonesia ROBITHOTUL HUDA; RICHARD MOORE; WENDI PRAMESWARI; ITANG ITANG; ELISABET R.R.B. HUTABARAT; ISAI YUSIDARTA; UJANG WISNU BARATHA; DHENY MARDIONO; KARMELE LLANO SANCHEZ
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270147

Abstract

Abstract. Huda R, Moore R, Prameswari W, Itang, Hutabarat ERRB, Yusidarta I, Baratha UW, Mardiono D, Sanchez KL. 2026. Distribution and conservation status of four endemic long-tailed macaque subspecies in Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (1): d270147. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270147. Population data for island-endemic subspecies of the long-tailed macaque (Macaca fascicularis) remain scarce despite their Critically Endangered status. We conducted rapid grid-based surveys and community interviews (May-July 2023) on four Indonesian islands—Simeulue, Lasia, Maratua, and Karimunjawa—to estimate density, abundance, distribution, and anthropogenic pressures on Macaca fascicularis fusca, Macaca fascicularis lasiae, Macaca fascicularis tua, and Macaca fascicularis karimondjawae. Across all sites, we recorded 597 individuals in 51 groups, with mean density indices ranging from 0.79 individuals km⁻² on Simeulue (95% CI: 0.44-1.16) to 9.43 individuals km⁻² on Maratua (95% CI: 4.17-15.84). Macaques were strongly associated with forest-settlement and plantation edges, where interview data indicated frequent negative interactions and reliance on anthropogenic food sources. These results reaffirm the Critically Endangered status of three subspecies under IUCN Criterion D and indicate a possible Criterion A2 decline for M. f. fusca, underscoring the need for targeted coexistence measures, habitat protection, and structured monitoring.
Phytochemical profile, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of methanolic extract of Peperomia pellucida leaves revealed by GC-MS and molecular docking SUBAKIR SALNUS; ABDUL WAHID WAHAB; MUHARRAM MUHARRAM; RUGAIYAH ANDI ARFAH; SYAHRUDDIN KASIM; ARINI RAJAB; ABDUR RAHMAN ARIF; ZULFIAN ARMAH; RIZAL IRFANDI; MUHAMMAD NUR ALAM; M. YASSER
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270219

Abstract

Abstract. Salnus S, Wahab AW, Muharram, Arfah RA, Kasim S, Rajab A, Arif AR, Armah Z, Irfandi R, Alam MN, Yasser M. 2026. Phytochemical profile, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of methanolic extract of Peperomia pellucida leaves revealed by GC-MS and molecular docking. Biodiversitas 27 (2): d270219. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270219. A comprehensive analysis of the methanol extract of Peperomia pellucida leaves was conducted using various analytical techniques, revealing a complex profile of bioactive compounds with potential therapeutic applications. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis identified 43 bioactive compounds within the extract, with sesquiterpenoids emerging as the predominant class of compounds. The major components identified were dillapiole (41.77%), N,N'-diacridin-9-yl-hydrazine (7.44%), and caryophyllene (6.94%), highlighting the diverse chemical composition of the extract. This extract demonstrated significant antibacterial activity against several bacterial strains, indicating its potential as a natural antimicrobial agent. Notably, it exhibited moderate effects against Klebsiella pneumoniae. The largest inhibition zone was observed against Staphylococcus aureus (14 mm), followed by Salmonella typhi (12 mm), Shigella sp. (12 mm), and Escherichia coli (11 mm). The smallest inhibition zone was recorded for K. pneumoniae (10 mm), indicating a moderate susceptibility, suggesting its possible application in treating infections caused by this pathogen. Furthermore, the extract showed remarkable antioxidant activity with an IC50 value of 4.30 µg/mL, underscoring its potential as a natural source of antioxidants. Molecular docking analysis provided insights into the mechanism of action of the components of the extract. Dillapiole, the most abundant compound (41.77%), displayed a strong binding affinity (-70.53 kJ/mol) for S. aureus proteins, suggesting its potential as a lead compound for developing novel antibacterial agents, particularly against S. aureus infections. Fourier-Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy confirmed the presence of polyphenolic functional groups in the extract, further supporting its antioxidant properties. Overall, these results demonstrate that P. pellucida possesses potent antimicrobial and antioxidant activities linked to its diverse phytochemical composition. These findings highlight P. pellucida as a promising source of natural antioxidants and antimicrobials that support biodiversity-based drug discovery and underscore the importance of conserving medicinal plant resources for future therapeutic development.
Assessing mangrove density and distribution related to petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in Segara Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap, Indonesia ENDANG HILMI; DYAHRURI SANJAYASARI; OCTAVIO PEREIRA; HARTOYO HARTOYO; FLORENCIUS EKO DWI HARYONO; TRI NUR CAHYO; AMRON AMRON; TEUKU JUNAIDI; NABELA FIKRIYYA; KU MOHD KALKAUSAR KU YUSOF
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 12 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261210

Abstract

Abstract. Hilmi E, Sanjayasari D, Pereira O, Hartoyo, Haryono FED, Cahyo TN, Amron A, Junaidi T, Fikriyya N, Yusof KMKK. 2025. Assessing mangrove density and distribution related to petroleum hydrocarbon contamination in Segara Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 6074-6088. Total Petroleum Hydrocarbons (TPHs) are hazardous oil pollutant that has negative impact on mangrove ecosystem. In contaminated area, mangrove species might develop mechanism to reduce, accumulate, and transfer TPHs contaminants, yet this might affect their growth. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between TPHs with mangrove density and distribution based on the varying levels of TPHs in Segara Anakan Lagoon, Cilacap, Central Java, Indonesia. The research employed principal component analysis, utilizing the variables of water and soil TPHs, leaf TPHs, stem TPHs, root TPHs, number of species, species density, temperature, water salinity, pH, and TDS across seven research stations. The results showed that mangrove density ranged from 603-1295 trees ha-1 (low density). The potential TPHs were between 0.01-0.06% in water and 2.5-8.34% in sediment. The correlation between TPHs in water and the number of species was 0.844 (strong correlation), and with mangrove density was -0.083 (weak correlation). The correlation between TPHs in sediment and the number of species was 0.852 (strong correlation) and with density was -0.248 (weak correlation). The clustering analysis of mangrove stations revealed four clusters representing varying levels of contaminated areas. In addition, the clustering analysis of mangrove species revealed four groups representing different adaptation. This study found several dominant species which have high ability to live and grow in the TPHs contaminant areas including Sonneratia caseolaris, Ceriops tagal, Rhizophora apiculata, Bruguiera gymnorhiza, Xylocarpus granatum, Avicennia marina, Rhizophora stylosa, and Rhizophora mucronata. Such species are recommended to support mangrove rehabilitation in TPHs contaminated areas.
Morphological diversity and cluster relationships of indigenous Musa spp. based on biosystematic in North Maluku, Indonesia SUPARMAN SUPARMAN; M. NASIR TAMALENE; BAHTIAR BAHTIAR; ZAHROBATUL LIL ILMI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 8 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260848

Abstract

Abstract. Suparman S, Tamalene MN, Bahtiar B, Ilmi ZL. 2025. Morphological diversity and cluster relationships of indigenous Musa spp. based on biosystematic in North Maluku, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 4220-4228. The banana (Musa spp.) is a culturally and economically vital crop in North Maluku, yet its local morphological diversity remains underdocumented. This study examined 40 indigenous banana cultivars from five islands (Morotai, Halmahera, Ternate, Tidore, Bacan) using 52 standardized morphological descriptors. Genomic groups were inferred morphologically (AA/AAA, AAB, ABB, AB). Phenetic relationships were analyzed via Principal Component Analysis (PCA) and UPGMA clustering using Euclidean and Ward's methods. Four distinct clusters were identified, i.e., group A (penganten), group B (tanduk), group C (takoapi), and group D (mas); the clusters were independent of genomic classification. Genome group distribution included AA/AAA (52.5%), AAB (32.5%), ABB (12.5%), and AB (2.5%). Key traits differentiating clusters included petiole canal morphology, bract coloration, and fruit shape. Most cultivars (75%) were distributed below 100 masl, showcasing their ecological adaptability. A few (e.g., Sarango, Goroho Putih) were found at elevations >150 m, indicating ecological adaptability. The incongruence between morphological clusters and genomic groups suggests the influence of somaclonal variation, ecological adaptation, and cultural selection. These findings provide a crucial baseline for in situ conservation and targeted breeding of regionally adapted banana germplasm in eastern Indonesia. Conservation efforts are especially critical for cultivars possessing rare genome types, given their vulnerability and genetic significance.
Phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation of Vanda tricolor from Gumitir, East Java, Indonesia FUAD BAHRUL ULUM; YUSI ANANDA PUTRI; ABDILLAH MAULANA FARHAN; DWI SETYATI; RANJITHKUMAR RAJAMANI; BAMBANG SUGIHARTO; MUKHAMAD SU’UDI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 9 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260947

Abstract

Abstract. Ulum FB, Putri YA, Farhan AM, Setyati D, Rajamani R, Sugiharto B, Su’udi M. 2025. Phytochemical and pharmacological evaluation of Vanda tricolor from Gumitir, East Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 4783-4792. Vanda tricolor an epiphytic orchid native to the coffee agroforest of Gumitir, East Java, Indonesia, represents a promising source of pharmacologically active compounds. This study aimed to characterize the bioactive constituents of V. tricolor and evaluate their antioxidant, antimicrobial, and anticancer potential. Methanolic leaf extracts were analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) for metabolite profiling. Its biological activities were assessed through the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging assay, agar well diffusion method, and molecular docking against the antiapoptotic Bcl-2 protein. GC-MS analysis identified 48 metabolites, with 4-butylphenol (7.57%) as the predominant compound. The extract demonstrated very strong antioxidant activity (IC??: 37.25 ppm), along with moderate antibacterial effects against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli; however, it showed no growth inhibition against Salmonella typhi. Molecular docking revealed that 4-butylphenol exhibited the highest binding affinity toward Bcl-2 (-5.50 kcal/mol), indicating its potential as a lead compound for anticancer therapy. These findings represent the first integrated phytochemical and pharmacological profile of V. tricolor from Gumitir, underscoring its value as a source of natural bioactive agents. The results also provide a scientific basis for further exploration of orchids in drug discovery and contribute to the conservation of this underutilized native species.
Monsoonal effects on meiofaunal assemblages in Pulau Tuba Mangroves, Langkawi, Malaysia ROHAYU RAMLI; NUR FARAH DALILA ZULKIFLI; ASMIDA ISMAIL; FAEZAH PARDI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 9 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260940

Abstract

Abstract. Ramli R, Zulkifli NFD, Ismail A, Pardi F. 2025. Monsoonal effects on meiofaunal assemblages in Pulau Tuba Mangroves, Langkawi, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 26: 4694-4705. Mangrove ecosystems are dynamic coastal habitats that support diverse and functionally important benthic communities, including meiofauna. This study investigates the spatial and temporal patterns of meiofaunal assemblages in the mangrove sediments of Pulau Tuba, Langkawi, Malaysia, in relation to monsoonal-driven environmental changes. Sediment and porewater samples were collected from four stations (MG1-MG4) in June 2023 and November 2023 to represent the Southwest Monsoon and Northeast Monsoon, respectively. Meiofauna were collected and classified to major taxa, while various environmental parameters were quantified, including salinity, temperature, pH, dissolved oxygen, organic matter content, sediment grain size, and composition. A total of nine meiofaunal groups were recorded, namely Sarcomastigophora, Copepoda, Rotifera, Oligochaeta, Halacaroidea, Polychaeta, Ostracoda, Kinorhyncha, with Nematoda dominated (>90%) in both seasons. Meiofaunal density was significantly higher during the Southwest Monsoon (Paired t-test, p<0.05). Diversity indices showed low species diversity, with dominance by a few groups. Multivariate analyses revealed that seasonal variation had a greater influence on community structure than spatial differences. Principal Component Analysis and Distance-based redundancy analysis identified salinity, temperature, organic matter, and dissolved oxygen as the key environmental drivers structuring meiofaunal communities. These findings add to the limited body of research on Malaysian and tropical mangrove meiofauna and provide observational evidence that may inform conservation planning, sustainable management, and policy discussions aligned with SDGs 14 and 15.
Genetic diversity and population structure of Glochidion subgenus Phyllanthodendron (Phyllanthaceae) in Thailand and Laos revealed by SCoT markers ZAHROBATUL LIL ILMI; PRANOM CHANTARANOTHAI; HENRIK BALSLEV; JIDAPA DUANYAI; PIMWADEE PORNPONGRUNGRUENG
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 11 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261115

Abstract

Abstract. Ilmi ZL, Chantaranothai P, Balslev H, Duanyai J, Pornpongrungrueng P. 2025. Genetic diversity and population structure of Glochidion subgenus Phyllanthodendron (Phyllanthaceae) in Thailand and Laos revealed by SCoT Markers. Biodiversitas 26: 5534-5543. Two species of Glochidion subgenus Phyllanthodendron (Phyllanthaceae) were previously recorded in Thailand and Laos: Glochidion mirabile, which occurs throughout Thailand and adjacent Laos, and Glochidion kaweesakii, which is a local endemic in northeastern Thailand. During field work, we encountered three populations that were difficult to assign to either of the two known species on morphological grounds. In this study, we used SCoT markers to assess genetic diversity and relationships among 101 individuals from 22 populations to clarify their taxonomic status. Seven SCoT primers that provided 100% polymorphic bands (mean Polymorphic Information Content (PIC) = 0.26) were selected for the analysis. We found low genetic variation for G. kaweesakii (Nei's genetic diversity (H) = 0.05), unidentified populations 1 (H = 0.05), and unidentified populations 2 (H = 0.06). Both G. mirabile and the third unidentified population exhibited low genetic variation within populations but high variation between populations, which was associated with a high genetic differentiation coefficient among populations (Gst = 0.67 and 0.66, respectively). Clustering analysis grouped all individuals into three clusters. Cluster I included G. mirabile and the third unidentified population, Cluster II included the two remaining unidentified populations, and Cluster III consisted of G. kaweesakii. Population structure analysis identified two groups that are significantly different from clustering analysis. Genetic relationships were consistent with geographic distribution. The results support the possibility that the third unidentified population should be considered part of G. mirabile, whereas the two remaining unidentified populations represent potentially distinct lineages that require an integrative taxonomic approach to confirm. Given the low genetic diversity and limited gene flow, a comprehensive conservation strategy focusing on improving habitat connectivity and facilitating gene flow should be considered to enhance the long-term viability of these species.
Phytochemical and antioxidant potential of Bruguiera sp. fruits revealed by LC-HRMS and conventional assays ENDAH DWI HASTUTI; SITI NUR HIDAYATI; ERMA PRIHASTANTI; MUHAMMAD LUQMAN HAKIM; SRI DARMANTI; SRI WIDODO AGUNG SUEDY
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 11 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261130

Abstract

Abstract. Hastuti ED, Hidayati SN, Prihastanti E, Hakim ML, Darmanti S, Suedy SWA. 2025. Phytochemical and antioxidant potential of Bruguiera sp. fruits revealed by LC-HRMS and conventional assays. Biodiversitas 26: 5714-5725. Almost all mangrove fruits contain phytochemicals and nutrients, exhibiting varying levels of antioxidant activity that help them adapt to extreme environmental conditions. This study aims to investigate the phytochemical profile, nutrient composition, and antioxidant activity of Bruguiera sp. mangrove fruit through qualitative and quantitative analyses. Qualitative analysis was performed using High-Resolution Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (LC-HRMS) to analyze the phytochemical profile. Quantitative analysis included determining nutrient composition using gravimetry, the Kjeldahl method, and the by-difference method. Secondary metabolites and pigments were analyzed using spectrophotometric analysis and High-Performance Liquid Chromatography (HPLC). Antioxidant activity was determined through the 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazine (DPPH) assay. The results showed that Bruguiera sp. fruits contained lipids (28%), flavonoids (10%), alcohols (8%), carbohydrates (8%), and esters (8%) as the five most abundant groups of compounds that play a role in adaptation to a highly saline environment. In addition, its adaptability is also demonstrated by its high phenol concentrations (11.2% w/w) and significant levels of chlorophyll b (9.77 mg/g). The nutrient composition indicated a high carbohydrate content (79.21% w/w), carotenoids (17.61 ?mol/g), and vitamin C (15.68 mg/kg). The integration of LC-HRMS with conventional methods improves the identification of bioactive compounds. Antioxidant analysis demonstrated very strong activity (0.19 ppm), indicating potential antioxidant activity. These findings indicate that the Bruguiera sp. fruit is a promising natural source of antioxidants with significant potential as a functional food and valuable medicinal source. The strong antioxidant properties of this fruit contribute to the prevention of diseases associated with oxidative stress and provide a sustainable nutritional alternative, especially in areas with limited access to nutritious foods.
Mangrove community structure, aboveground biomass, and carbon sequestration in the unprotected coastal areas of Sta. Cruz, Davao del Sur, Philippines GLE LIEZL C. SANTE; DRAHCIR E. UBAT; MAREN M. PENDON; JAYSON R. PUCOT
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 5 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270507

Abstract

Abstract. Sante GLC, Ubat DE, Pendon MM, Pucot JR. 2026. Mangrove community structure, aboveground biomass, and carbon sequestration in the unprotected coastal areas of Sta. Cruz, Davao del Sur, Philippines. Biodiversitas 27 (5): d270507. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270507. Mangrove ecosystems are vital for carbon sequestration and climate change mitigation, yet their ecological functions within fragmented, unprotected margins remain understudied. This study provides the first integrated evaluation of mangrove community structure, aboveground biomass (AGB), and carbon stocks in the unprotected coastal zones of Sta. Cruz, Davao del Sur, Philippines. A total of 36 plots (10×10 m) were established across four barangays for vegetation assessment. Five mangrove species from three families were recorded, indicating substantially lower species richness compared to nearby protected areas. The community was numerically dominated by Avicennia marina (67.80% relative abundance), while Sonneratia alba, despite its low abundance, contributed the highest aboveground biomass (217.15 Mg/ha) and carbon stock (104.23 MgC/ha). Total estimated stand aboveground biomass and carbon stock were 519.33±75.57 Mg/ha and 249.27±36.28 MgC/ha, respectively. Diversity was highest in Brgy. Tuban (H′: 1.04, J′: 0.94), reflecting a relatively balanced species distribution despite low overall richness. Crucially, while the area retains significant blue carbon capacity driven by mature legacy trees, it suffers from structural imbalance and depleted biodiversity. This underscores the urgent need for strategic conservation interventions, including mixed-species restoration and the strict protection of mature stands, and their integration into local coastal management frameworks to enhance both biodiversity and climate mitigation functions.
Impacts of tourism and fire on ground-dwelling insect diversity in tropical pine forests of South Sulawesi, Indonesia ANDI SADAPOTTO; SANDRA ANGELICA PUTRI CHRISTINE; ANDI PRASTIYO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 10 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261025

Abstract

Abstract. Sadapotto A, Christine SAP, Prastiyo A. 2025. Impacts of tourism and fire on ground-dwelling insect diversity in tropical pine forests of South Sulawesi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 5109-5117. Ground-dwelling insects serve as sensitive bioindicators of environmental change in tropical pine forests. This study aimed to compare the structure of ground-dwelling insect communities across three management areas of the Tala-Tala pine forest, South Sulawesi, Indonesia, namely the tourism area, non-tourism area, and post-fire area. This is the first study of ground-dwelling insect communities in Sulawesi's tropical pine forests. Sampling was conducted using multiple insect collection techniques, and ecological indices were applied to evaluate diversity, richness, evenness, and dominance. Statistical analyses were employed to compare land-use types and to assess their relationships with environmental factors. Diversity and evenness were lower in protected areas, whereas the tourism zone exhibited higher richness and dominance. Statistical analysis indicated significant (p<0.05) differences among land-use types in Shannon diversity, species richness, evenness, and dominance indices. Person correlation analysis showed a very strong negative correlation between diversity and dominance (r: -0.99), and a strong positive correlation between richness and soil pH (r: 0.99). Cluster analysis grouped the post-fire and tourism habitats, indicating similar disturbance levels, while PCA revealed that distinct environmental variables and ecological indices influenced each land-use type. The findings suggested that integrating biodiversity-friendly tourism practices with targeted post-fire habitat restoration supported insect diversity. These approaches also sustained the ecological and recreational value of tropical pine forests.

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