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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Agronomic performance of BC3F2 aromatic rice lines derived from Inpari 32 × Merah Wangi crosses MUHAMMAD RASSYA DHIO ANANTA; TRI AGUS SISWOYO; SHOLEH AVIVI; TRI HANDOYO; UMMI SHOLIKAH; TRI RATNASARI; AHMAD ILHAM TANZIL; WAHYU INDRA DUWI FANATA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 12 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261239

Abstract

Abstract. Ananta MRD, Siswoyo TA, Avivi S, Handoyo T, Sholikah U, Ratnasari T, Tanzil AI, Fanata WID. 2025. Agronomic performance of BC3F2 aromatic rice lines derived from Inpari 32 × Merah Wangi crosses. Biodiversitas 26: 6417-6426. Aroma is a key grain-quality trait that strongly influences consumer preference and market value in rice. Enhancing fragrance while maintaining high agronomic performance remains a key breeding objective. This study aimed to introgress the BADH2 aromatic allele from Merah Wangi into the high-yielding Inpari 32 background using Marker-Assisted Backcrossing (MAB), and to evaluate the resulting BC3F­2 population for agronomic traits and aroma expression. A total of 98 BC3F2 individuals and both parents were assessed under field conditions. Genotypic screening using the Bradbury marker identified fourteen homozygous BADH2⁻/⁻ plants, confirming successful introgression of the recessive fragrance allele. Agronomic evaluation revealed that the BC3F2 population exhibited a stable heading date, intermediate plant architecture, and improved tillering capacity compared to its parents. Yield-related traits, including filled grain number, productive tillers, and 1000-grain weight, contributed to a higher grain yield per plant compared with both Inpari 32 and Merah Wangi. Grain-quality assessment further indicates a favorable kernel morphology, suggesting effective recombination of grain-size determinants. Organoleptic testing confirmed consistent aromatic expression across all homozygous lines, demonstrating strong agreement between molecular genotype and fragrance phenotype. Although segregation deviated from the expected 1:2:1 Mendelian ratio, the reliable identification of homozygous aromatic plants indicates that the fragrance trait was effectively fixed in this generation. Overall, the results highlight the efficiency of MAB for transferring recessive fragrance alleles into the elite rice backgrounds while maintaining desirable agronomic performance. The fourteen BC3F2 aromatic lines represent promising materials for further advancement, multilocation evaluation, and potential development of high-yielding aromatic derivatives of Inpari 32.
Migratory connections of Coraciiformes of Kazakhstan based on bird ringing AIZHAN E. TASHIMOVA; ANDREY E. GAVRILOV; YEKATERINA E.V. AKENTYEVA; YELENA SERGEEVNA CHALIKOVA; ZARIPOVA K.H. SYRYMGUL; SAIDINA S. KOBEGENOVA; BEKZHAN T. BERDIKULOV
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 9 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260941

Abstract

Abstract. Tashimova AR, Gavrilov E, Akentyeva YEV, Chalikova YS, Syrymgul ZK, Kobegenova SS, Berdikulov BT. 2025. Migratory connections of Coraciiformes of Kazakhstan based on bird ringing. Biodiversitas 26: 4706-4713. This study provides the first long-term and comprehensive analysis of bird ringing data for four Coraciiformes species, Eurasian Roller (Coracias garrulus), Common Kingfisher (Alcedo atthis), European Bee-eater (Merops apiaster), and Blue-cheeked Bee-eater (M. persicus), captured in Kazakhstan between 1966 and 2025, with most data obtained from Shakpak Pass, a major migratory bottleneck in Central Asia. Over these 60 years, more than 26,000 individuals were ringed, yet only 35 recoveries were reported, highlighting the scarcity of long-distance encounter data in the region. The majority of recoveries involved M. apiaster, which demonstrated extensive migratory connectivity, including southward movements through Uzbekistan and Kyrgyzstan, westward passage toward the Caspian region, and remarkable long-distance encounters from Saudi Arabia, Syria, and even France. The latter represents a case of abmigration, providing evidence of population mixing between Central Asia and Europe. By contrast, C. garrulus and M. persicus were mainly documented as consistent passage migrants through Shakpak Pass, while A. atthis displayed signs of philopatry at local ringing sites. These findings emphasize the importance of Central Asia as a critical, yet understudied, segment of Eurasian migration systems. The exceptionally low recovery rates stress the urgent need to combine traditional ringing with modern tracking tools and to enhance public awareness and reporting to strengthen migration research and conservation.
Evaluation of sea turtle handling methods in a captive facility in Nipah, Indonesia MAISER SYAPUTRA; ENDAH WAHYUNINGSIH; PANDE KOMANG SUPARYANA; ANDI TRI LESTARI; BUDHY SETIAWAN; FAUJIAH NURHASANAH RITONGA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 11 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261122

Abstract

Abstract. Syaputra M, Wahyuningsih E, Suparyana PK, Lestari AT, Setiawan B, Ritonga FN. 2025. Evaluation of sea turtle handling methods in a captive facility in Nipah, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 5626-5637. Animal welfare is crucial for sea turtles in captivity and is guided by several principles: freedom from hunger and thirst; freedom from discomfort; freedom from pain, injury, or disease; freedom from fear and stress; and freedom to express natural behavior. The United States Department of the Interior (USDI) Fish and Wildlife Service has issued standard guidelines for handling sea turtles in captivity. This study aimed to evaluate sea turtle conservation efforts through ex-situ strategies by fostering populations in controlled environments. The research was conducted at the sea turtle captive facility on Nipah Beach, Malaka Village, North Lombok District, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, which consists of five rearing ponds and associated facilities where at the time of the research there were 566 individual sea turtles of three species: the olive ridley turtle (Lepidochelys olivacea), hawksbill turtle (Eretmochelys imbricata), and green turtle (Chelonia mydas). Sea turtle handling in captivity was assessed using a scoring method, complemented by observation, measurement, interviews, and laboratory analysis, based on a modified version of the 2019 Captive Sea Turtle Standards issued by the USDI Fish and Wildlife Service, and the key aspects and optimization steps of the captivity were analyzed using Analytic Hierarchy Process (AHP). In conclusion, the management of captive sea turtles achieved an overall score of 369 out of 459 (80.39%), indicating very good conditions. Pond management constitutes the primary determinant in sea turtle captivity, with a value of 0.3049. The priority order of management actions required to optimize sea turtle captivity practices from highest to lowest are: providing pond shading, conducting daily health inspections, regulating pond lighting in accordance with natural daylight cycles, constructing pond edges, and equipping pond lights with covers. Another thing to note is to ensure that there is no overcrowding in the pond. The absence of nationally recognized welfare standards in Indonesia highlights the need for policymakers to establish comprehensive guidelines for sea turtle captivity to ensure consistent and sustainable management practices.
Management recommendations for invasive alien plants in a university arboretum of North Sumatra, Indonesia AGNES JOSEPHINE AYUNINGTYAS; SURATNI AFRIANTI; SHIGEYUKI BABA; MOHAMMAD BASYUNI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 11 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261116

Abstract

Abstract. Ayuningtyas AJ, Afrianti S, Baba S, Basyuni M. 2025. Management recommendations for invasive alien plants in a university arboretum of North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 5544-5555. Invasive alien plants threaten biodiversity and ecosystem stability, yet studies in Indonesian arboreta remain limited. This study assessed the diversity, ecological characteristics, and management priorities of invasive alien plants in the Universitas Sumatera Utara (USU) Arboretum, North Sumatra, Indonesia. The objective of this study is threefold: first, to identify the diversity of invasive alien plants; second, to analyze their taxonomic relationships and interactions with native species; and third, to provide recommendations for effective management. A systematic nested plot design was implemented, entailing the utilization of 250 plots, each measuring 5 × 5 m, with subplots of 2 × 2 m. A total of 29 invasive species, classified into 16 families, were documented. The most prevalent species were Asystasia gangetica (1,361 individuals) and Miconia crenata (523 individuals), with a combined Importance Value Index (IVI) of 148.97%. The diversity, richness, and evenness indices were found to be moderate. The Jaccard Index ranged from 0.184 to 0.606, indicating weak interspecies similarity across plots. Three management strategies were proposed: (i) Site management for A. gangetica and M. crenata, (ii) Regular monitoring for six moderately invasive species, (iii) Limited control for 21 species of negligible risk. These findings provide a scientific basis for developing structured management and early detection systems to sustain biodiversity and ecological integrity in university arboreta and other ex-situ conservation sites.
Pathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila on the liver function of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) MUH MULTAZAM B. H. ABD HAKIM; HILAL ANSHARY; MUHAMMAD IQBAL DJAWAD; MUHAMMAD REZA PERDIANSYAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 11 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261104

Abstract

Abstract. Abd Hakim MMBH, Anshary H, Djawad MI, Perdiansyah MR. 2025. Pathogenicity of Aeromonas hydrophila on the liver function of African catfish (Clarias gariepinus). Biodiversitas 26: 5430-5437. Aeromonas hydrophila is a major bacterial pathogen in African catfish (Clarias gariepinus) aquaculture, responsible for systemic infection, tissue damage, and high mortality. This study investigated the pathogenic effects of graded acute infections on liver function and histopathology of African catfish under controlled laboratory conditions. Seventy-two fish were allocated to three bacterial treatment groups with increasing concentrations and a control group, each with three replicates. After seven days, blood samples were analyzed for ten biochemical indicators of hepatic function, including plasma proteins, transaminases, bilirubin, bile acids, cholesterol, and liver enzymes, while histopathological examinations were conducted on liver tissues. The infection induced significant alterations in albumin, globulin, total protein, aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, and total bilirubin, reflecting impaired plasma protein synthesis, amino acid metabolism, glucose regulation, and bilirubin conjugation. In contrast, gamma-glutamyl transferase, alkaline phosphatase, total bile acids, and cholesterol remained stable, suggesting that the infection predominantly caused hepatocellular rather than cholestatic injury. Histopathological changes were consistent with the biochemical results, showing progressive vacuolar degeneration, inflammatory infiltration, hemorrhage, and hepatocellular necrosis in a dose-dependent manner. Together, these findings provide integrated evidence of liver dysfunction and pathology in C. gariepinus following acute A. hydrophila infection. The identified biomarkers and histological alterations may serve as reliable indicators of disease progression and offer valuable insights for the development of therapeutic interventions, health prognosis, and sustainable management strategies in catfish aquaculture.
Diversity, distribution, ethnobotany, and taxonomic revision of the genus Senegalia (Fabaceae) in Thailand PRATEEP PANYADEE; RODRIGO DUNO DE STEFANO; CHARAN LEERATIWONG; SAKUNTALA NINKAEW; WITSANU SAISORN; JIRATTHI SATTHAPHORN; NATCHA SUTJARITJAI; HENRIK BALSLEV
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270236

Abstract

Abstract. Panyadee P, De Stefano RD, Leeratiwong C, Ninkaew S, Saisorn W, Satthaphorn J, Sutjaritjai N, Balslev H. 2026. Diversity, distribution, ethnobotany, and taxonomic revision of the genus Senegalia (Fabaceae) in Thailand. Biodiversitas 27 (2): d270236. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270236. Senegalia (Fabaceae) represents the most diverse group of armed legumes in Thailand and has not been taxonomically revised since Nielsen’s (1985) treatment under Acacia. Here, we present the first comprehensive taxonomic revision of Senegalia in Thailand, integrating morphological and ethnobotanical evidence in accordance with current generic concepts. Field surveys and extensive herbarium studies revealed 14 species comprising 16 taxa, belonging to two sections, sect. Senegalia and sect. Monacanthea. Two taxa (Senegalia catechu and Senegalia pennata subsp. pennata) are introduced and now naturalized, while 13 species are native to the country. Senegalia pennata subsp. insuavis, previously regarded as exotic, is confirmed as native based on its occurrence in undisturbed habitats, whereas S. pruinescens is excluded due to misidentification. Species richness is highest in northern and peninsular Thailand. Six taxa (five species) have documented ethnobotanical uses, including food, medicine, dyes, and fish poison. Vegetative characters, particularly petiole gland morphology, leaflet venation, and stipule form prove reliable for field identification and are emphasized to facilitate practical use. This revision presents an updated taxonomic framework and serves as a reference for botanical, ethnobotanical, and conservation studies of Senegalia in Thailand.
Exploitation status and stock assessment of daisy parrotfish (Chlorurus sordidus) in Karimunjawa Marine National Park, Central Java, Indonesia DIAN WIJAYANTO; ALHADI BUSTAMAM; YANDRA ARKERMAN; KHAIRUL AMRI; TIRTADANU TIRTADANU; GATHOT WINARSO; IRMAN HERMADI; SARI INTAN KAILAKU; FAIK KUROHMAN; MUHAMMAD REYHAN PUTRANTO; DITA JUNI KURNIA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 9 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260950

Abstract

Abstract. Wijayanto D, Bustamam A, Arkerman Y, Amri K, Tirtadanu, Winarso G, Hermadi I, Kailaku SI, Kurohman F, Putranto MR, Kurnia DJ. 2025. Exploitation status and stock assessment of daisy parrotfish (Chlorurus sordidus) in Karimunjawa Marine National Park, Central Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 4831-4837. Daisy parrotfish (Chlorurus sordidus) play a crucial ecological role in maintaining coral reef health and resilience by grazing on algae, which prevents algal overgrowth and promotes coral recruitment. This study evaluated the exploitation status of C. sordidus in the Karimunjawa Marine Protected Area, Central Java, Indonesia, using biological indicators, including length at first capture (Lc??%), growth parameters, and mortality rates. Field sampling was conducted from March 2024 to February 2025, involving fisher interviews and morphometric measurements of 1,032 individuals. Results showed a Lc??% of 24.8 cm and an asymptotic length (L?) of 51 cm, exceeding the size of first maturity but below the sex-change size range, potentially affecting reproductive dynamics. Further analysis revealed total mortality (Z) of 4.31 year-¹, with fishing mortality (F = 2.33) higher than natural mortality (M = 1.20), reflecting intensive fishing pressure on the stock. The exploitation rate (E: 0.54) indicates that the species is currently overexploited, which may reduce herbivory functions, weaken coral reef resilience, and threaten long-term fishery benefits. These findings highlight the urgent need for effective management measures, including minimum size limits, seasonal fishing restrictions, and community-based compliance, to ensure population sustainability. Continuous monitoring and further research on reproductive biology and critical habitats, particularly nursery grounds and spawning aggregations, are essential for informed conservation strategies, ensuring not only population sustainability but also the maintenance of ecosystem services that support local livelihoods and marine ecotourism in Karimunjawa.
Songbird diversity and poaching pressure in Biha Resort, Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia ADINDA FARAH CAHYANI; JANI MASTER; LUHUR SEPTIADI; NUNING NURCAHYANI; RIKHA ARYANIE SURYA; WILLIAM MARTHY
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 12 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261242

Abstract

Abstract. Cahyani AF, Master J, Septiadi L, Nurcahyani N, Surya RA, Marthy W. 2025. Songbird diversity and poaching pressure in Biha Resort, Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park, Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 6447-6457. Bird diversity in Sumatra, Indonesia, is increasingly threatened by poaching, yet comprehensive data remain limited, especially in key conservation areas such as Biha Resort within Bukit Barisan Selatan National Park (BBSNP). This study provides a baseline assessment of bird diversity, species composition, and population density across three monitoring sites in Biha Resort, an area previously prone to bird poaching, conducted in July 2024 using the point count method. Analyses included survey completeness, diversity indices (Shannon-Wiener H’, Simpson D, Pielou’s E), and Hutcheson’s t-test to compare sites, while distance sampling was used to estimate density. A total of 69 species were recorded, with survey completeness of 73.4%. Diversity indices varied across sites, with significant differences between site A and the others (p<0.05). Overall values were H’: 3.792, E: 0.896, and D: 0.030, indicating healthy habitat conditions capable of supporting rich variety of bird species. Songbirds dominated the community, and only 12 species had measurable density, with Arachnothera longirostra being the most abundant. As a baseline, this survey provides essential reference data for long-term monitoring of bird populations. Continued monitoring is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of an Integrated Prevention Model designed to reduce poaching pressure and support bird conservation in the region.
Diel variation in zooplankton assemblages around Aceh Island, Pahang, Malaysia AIN BATRISYIA BINTI MOHD ZAMANY; SUN MENXIA; MOHAMAD AMIR AIMAN ABDULLAH; AZMAN ABDUL RAHIM
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 9 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d260939

Abstract

Abstract. Zamany ABBM, Menxia S, Abdullah MAA, Rahim AA. 2025. Diel variation in zooplankton assemblages around Aceh Island, Pahang, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 26: 4685-4693. This study investigated diel fluctuations in zooplankton distribution, composition, and abundance in the coastal waters off Aceh Island, Pahang, Malaysia. Sampling was conducted on 24 April 2025 during the dry season, using standardized net tows at five fixed stations during both day and night, with three replicates per station. A total of 54 taxa were identified at night and 49 during the day, with copepods consistently dominating the assemblages—accounting for 97.06% of nocturnal and 80.4% of diurnal abundance. Euterpina sp. 1 was the most frequently encountered copepod across both periods. Zooplankton densities ranged from 131.68 to 220.60 ind/m³ (n = 6,178) during the day and 165.2 to 239.0 ind/m³ (n = 11,995) at night. Diversity metrics, including Shannon-Wiener (H’) and Pielou’s evenness (J’), indicated moderate to high diversity, with greater species richness and evenness observed during nocturnal sampling, particularly at deeper sites (STN 1 and STN 4). These patterns align with existing records from adjacent waters in Pahang and Johor, where copepods consistently dominate the zooplankton community. The study highlights the importance of incorporating diel sampling into biodiversity monitoring, as single-time-point surveys may underestimate community diversity and overlook diel behavioural dynamics such as vertical migration. These findings contribute to the growing baseline data needed for effective ecological assessments and conservation efforts in Malaysian coastal ecosystems.
Group structure and arboreal activity of Javan surili in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park, Indonesia AGUS PAMBUDI DHARMA; ANI MARDIASTUTI; ENTANG ISKANDAR; PUJI RIANTI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270436

Abstract

Abstract. Dharma AP, Mardiastuti A, Iskandar E, Rianti P. 2026. Group structure and arboreal activity of Javan surili in Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (4): d270436. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270436. The Javan surili is an endemic arboreal primate of Java whose population dynamics and behavioral ecology are strongly influenced by habitat quality and anthropogenic disturbance. This study aimed to analyze group structure, population density, and arboreal activity patterns of Javan surili in two contrasting sites, Tegallega and Sarongge Resorts, within Gunung Gede Pangrango National Park, Indonesia. Field data were collected over a 13-month period (March 2023-June 2024) using line transect surveys and scan sampling methods. A total of 10 groups comprising 40 individuals were recorded, with 25 individuals in Tegallega (6 groups) and 15 individuals in Sarongge (4 groups). Group structure showed a typical unimale polygynous system, with female-biased sex ratios of 1:1.25 in Tegallega and 1:1.13 in Sarongge, indicating stable reproductive potential. Population density was higher in Sarongge (5.99 ind/km², 2.14 groups/km², estimated 66 individuals) compared to Tegallega (3.03 ind/km², 1.33 groups/km², estimated 53 individuals), suggesting more concentrated space use and better habitat conditions. Behavioral observations revealed that feeding was the dominant activity (52.00% in Tegallega, 42.86% in Sarongge), followed by resting (21.33%, 27.14%), locomotion (14.67%, 15.71%), and social interactions (12.00%, 14.29%). All activities occurred exclusively in arboreal strata, with a strong preference for the mid-canopy layer (stratum C), which supported the highest number of plant species used for feeding and other activities. Key tree species such as Castanopsis argentea, Liquidambar excelsa, and Schima wallichii played essential roles in sustaining daily activities. These findings highlight the importance of habitat structure, particularly canopy connectivity and key food resources, in shaping Javan surili population and behavior. Differences between sites emphasize the influence of anthropogenic pressure and habitat heterogeneity, underscoring the need for targeted conservation strategies to maintain viable populations.

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