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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,269 Documents
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Ethnopharmacology and scientific validation of antidiarrheal plants used by the Osing Tribe in Banyuwangi, Indonesia KHRISNA AGUNG CENDEKIAWAN; KINTOKO KINTOKO; SAPTO YULIANI; FIRDHA APRILLIA WARDHANI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270229

Abstract

Abstract. Cendekiawan KA, Kintoko, Yuliani S, Wardhani FA. 2026. Ethnopharmacology and scientific validation of antidiarrheal plants used by the Osing Tribe in Banyuwangi, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (2): d270229. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270229. Indonesia has a rich heritage of medicinal plant use; however, much of this traditional knowledge, especially among indigenous communities such as the Osing people in East Java, remains undocumented. This study aimed to explore the antidiarrheal plants used by the Osing community through an ethnopharmacological survey and scientific validation. Data were collected through structured interviews with local informants in Banjar and Licin Villages, Licin Sub-district, and Banyuwangi District. Use value (UV) and fidelity level (FL) indices were calculated to assess the cultural significance and therapeutic relevance of each species. Phytochemical screening and liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS) were conducted to identify bioactive compounds. The most frequently reported species were Psidium guajava (UV = 2.44; FL = 64.7%) and Piper betle (UV = 1.11). LC-MS analysis confirmed the presence of major secondary metabolites, including quercetin and kaempferol, which are known for their pharmacological activity in the treatment of gastrointestinal disorders. Scientific validation in this study also incorporated in silico approaches, including Lipinski’s Rule of five evaluation to assess drug-likeness, ADMET profiling to predict pharmacokinetic and toxicity parameters, and molecular docking to explore the binding interactions of identified phytoconstituents with antidiarrheal target proteins. Quercetin demonstrated strong binding affinity (ΔG = -9.72) and an acceptable RMSD value (1.83 Å). A TPC value of 0.2357 was obtained from a mixture containing 0.84 g of P. guajava and 0.18 g of P. betle. The antioxidant activity, measured as IC50, was 7.51 µg/mL. These findings suggest that quercetin holds strong potential as a lead compound for antidiarrheal drug development. Overall, this study highlights the scientific value of traditional knowledge and encourages further investigation into plant-based treatments for gastrointestinal disorders.
Phytoremediation efficiency of Crinum asiaticum in enclosed spaces based on morphological traits and CO absorption dynamics KHAMBALI KHAMBALI; ELSIE TANISHA DENANDA; RUSMIATI RUSMIATI; DEMES NURMAYANTI; IVA RUSTANTI ERI WARDOYO; SLAMET WARDOYO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 12 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261222

Abstract

Abstract. Khambali, Denanda ET, Rusmiati, Nurmayanti D, Wardoyo IRE, Wardoyo S. 2025. Phytoremediation efficiency of Crinum asiaticum in enclosed spaces based on morphological traits and CO absorption dynamics. Biodiversitas 26: 6205-6211. Indoor air pollution, particularly carbon monoxide (CO), poses a serious health risk in poorly ventilated environments. This study evaluates the phytoremediation potency of Crinum asiaticum, a native ornamental species, in reducing indoor CO concentrations—an area with limited prior investigation. A quasi-experimental design was employed using a 1.2 m × 0.9 m × 0.7 m test chamber, into which CO gas sourced from a 110 cc petrol-powered motorcycle was introduced. Five groups were assessed: one control (no plants) and four treatment groups containing one to four C. asiaticum specimens. CO levels were measured before and 45 minutes after exposure using a calibrated gas detector. Descriptive analysis revealed a dose-dependent reduction in CO levels, with the T4 group achieving the greatest decrease of 28.40%. The T3 and T2 groups treatments reduced concentrations by 14.59% and 7.34%, respectively. The T1 group showed a modest reduction of 4.47%, indicating limited absorption capacity at minimal biomass. The Kruskal-Wallis test indicated significant differences among groups (p<0.001), confirming a positive correlation between plant quantity and CO absorption capacity. Although final CO concentrations remained above national indoor air quality standards, the findings underscore the potential of C. asiaticum as a natural biofilter. Its integration into indoor environments not only supports air remediation but also enhances biodiversity through the use of indigenous phytoremediator species. This study presents a novel, eco-friendly approach to mitigating indoor air pollution and advancing environmental health strategies.
Habitat modeling of little tuna (Euthynnus affinis) in Makassar Strait (Indonesia) using MaxEnt ANDI RISDA FITRIANTI ABUDARDA; MUKTI ZAINUDDIN; RACHMAT HIDAYAT; SITI KHADIJAH SRIOKTOVIANA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270142

Abstract

Abstract. Abudarda ARF, Zainuddin M, Hidayat R, Srioktoviana SK. 2026. Habitat modeling of little tuna (Euthynnus affinis) in Makassar Strait (Indonesia) using MaxEnt. Biodiversitas 27 (1): d270142. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270142. Euthynnus affinis, commonly known as little tuna, is an ecologically and economically important pelagic species that supports artisanal and commercial fisheries across the Indo-Pacific region. The Makassar Strait, a major pathway of the Indonesian Throughflow, exhibits pronounced seasonal and interannual variability in oceanographic conditions, which strongly influences the spatial and temporal distribution of pelagic fishes. This study presents the first application of the Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) modeling framework to predict habitat suitability for E. affinis in the Makassar Strait. Presence-only occurrence records were related to key environmental variables derived from satellite observations, including sea surface temperature (SST), sea surface chlorophyll concentration (SSC), and sea surface salinity (SSS). SST and SSC data were obtained from the MODIS Aqua sensor (NASA Ocean Color) at a spatial resolution of 4 km, while SSS data were sourced from the Copernicus Marine Environment Monitoring Service. All environmental variables were compiled at a monthly temporal resolution from January 2019 to December 2023. The MaxEnt models showed strong predictive performance, with area under the curve values ranging from 0.78 in July to 0.92 in April, indicating good to excellent model accuracy. SST emerged as the most influential predictor, contributing 57.4 percent to model gain, followed by SSC and SSS. Habitat suitability was highest in the central and southern sectors of the strait, particularly during periods characterized by moderate SST and elevated SSC. Euthynnus affinis showed a preference for SST of approximately 29.31°C, SSC of 0.22 mg m⁻³, and SSS of 33.7 psu. Optimal habitats were largely concentrated in the southern Makassar Strait, especially around 4 to 5°S. These results demonstrate a clear association between regional oceanographic dynamics and the distribution of E. affinis. The findings provide essential baseline information for ecosystem-based fisheries management and support adaptive strategies for small-scale fisheries. Integrating these spatio-temporal habitat patterns into regional fisheries planning may improve resilience to environmental variability and help sustain tuna fisheries in the Makassar Strait.
Enhancement of ovarian maturation in bronze featherback Notopterus notopterus through pregnant mare serum gonadotropin for sustainable aquaculture and conservation MUSLIM MUSLIM; ELIKA PITRIANI; SELLY OKTARINA; NADILA NUR KHOTIMAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270121

Abstract

Abstract. Muslim, Pitriani E, Oktarina S, Khotimah NN. 2026. Enhancement of ovarian maturation in bronze featherback Notopterus notopterus through pregnant mare serum gonadotropin for sustainable aquaculture and conservation. Biodiversitas 27 (1): d270121. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270121. The bronze featherback Notopterus notopterus is a freshwater fish of high economic value whose population is declining due to overfishing and habitat destruction. This study evaluated the effectiveness of pregnant mare serum gonadotropin in inducing ovarian maturation in N. notopterus, addressing reproductive challenges that hinder its domestication and conservation. A total of 45 female fish (mean weight 50-55 g and total length 18-20 cm) at the second stage of ovarian maturity were injected intramuscularly with pregnant mare serum gonadotropin doses of 0, 1.0, 1.25, and 1.5 mL kg⁻¹ body weight. Observations were conducted for nine days with parameters including Ovi-Somatic Index (IOS), Hepato-Somatic Index (IHS), oocyte diameter, fecundity, cholesterol levels, and ovarian maturity level. The results indicated that pregnant mare serum gonadotropin significantly influenced IOS, oocyte diameter, fecundity, and ovarian maturity level (ANOVA, P<0.05; post-hoc LSD test), whereas it showed no significant effect on IHS and cholesterol levels (p>0.05). A dose of 1.5 mL kg⁻¹ produced the highest IOS, oocyte diameter, and fecundity values (378 eggs), as well as ovarian maturity levels up to stage V (mature). This study provides that hormonal induction using pregnant mare serum gonadotropin effectively stimulates ovarian development in N. notopterus, offering a biological solution to reproductive challenges that limit domestication success. By enhancing spawning success rates, reducing dependence on wild-caught broodstock, and enabling the establishment of captive breeding protocols, this hormonal induction technique offers practical tools for ex-situ conservation and directly contributes to biodiversity protection by supporting the long-term sustainability of N. notopterus populations. These findings show that aquaculture-based reproductive management supports SDG 14 by promoting sustainable use of aquatic resources. Hormonal induction serves as a bridge between reproductive biotechnology and conservation, helping restore freshwater biodiversity through domestication-based recovery strategies.
Growth and survival rate of post-puerulus spiny lobster Panulirus homarus at different rearing systems MUHAMMAD QUSTAM SAHIBUDDIN; IRZAL EFFENDI; IIS DIATIN; TATAG BUDIARDI; MIA SETIAWATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 12 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261229

Abstract

Abstract. Sahibuddin MQ, Effendi I, Diatin I, Budiardi T, Setiawati M. 2025. Growth and survival rate of post-puerulus spiny lobster Panulirus homarus at different rearing systems. Biodiversitas 26: 6285-6304. Mariculture of lobsters utilizes Floating Net Cages (FNC), Submersible Net Cages (SNC), and Bottom Net Cages (BNC). This study analyzed the growth and Survival Rate (SR) of post-puerulus Panulirus homarus in these three rearing systems. Post-puerulus individuals (0.86±0.06 cm carapace length; 0.28±0.04 g body weight) were reared in net cages (height 0.8 m; diameter 1 m) at a stocking density of 100 individuals cage-1, with three replicates. The lobsters were fed a moist diet once daily (4:00-5:00 PM). The different rearing system significantly influenced specific growth rate (SGR), Absolute Growth Rate (AGR), total molting, Feed Conversion Ratio (FCR), Intermoult Period (IMP), and SR. The FNC and BNC treatments demonstrated the highest SGR (p: 0.012), at 2.80±0.022% day-1 and 2.76±0.078% day-1, respectively. These treatments also produced the highest AGR (p: 0.013), at 0.07±0.004 g day-1 and 0.06±0.006 g day-1, respectively. The highest total molting (p: 0.025) occurred in the FNC (45.33±9.074 times cage-1) and BNC (43.67±5.033 times cage-1) treatments. The BNC treatment achieved the lowest FCR (7.34±0.372), which was not significantly different from FNC but was significantly lower than SNC (p: 0.032). The FNC treatment resulted in the shortest IMP (14.37±0.38 days, p: 0.000), while the highest SR was observed in the BNC treatment (71.00±2.00%, p: 0.000). Additionally, the lowest glucose (14.14±1.58 mg dL-1, p: 0.031) and total hemocyte count (1.81±0.29x107 cells mL-1, p: 0.000) were recorded in the BNC treatment. These findings indicate that the BNC treatment provided the highest SR and the lowest stress response for post-puerulus P. homarus.
Optimizing substrates for Caulerpa racemosa cultivation in Bintan Island, Indonesia TENGKU SAID RAZA’I; SYAIFULLAH JAMAN; DJAROD SETIAJI; MUHAMMAD HASBY; HILFI PARDI; IMAM PANGESTIANSYAH PUTRA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 11 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261114

Abstract

Abstract. Raza’i TS, Jaman S, Setiaji D, Hasby M, Pardi H, Putra IP. 2025. Optimizing substrates for Caulerpa racemosa cultivation in Bintan Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 5525-5533. This study aimed to determine the most suitable substrate medium for the cultivation of Caulerpa racemosa and to provide a scientific basis for the development of sustainable aquaculture practices in Bintan Island. An ex-situ experimental method was employed by culturing C. racemosa under different substrate treatments. Growth performance was assessed through several parameters, including total length, stolon length, number of assimilators, assimilator length, and assimilator diameter. Prior to statistical testing, the data were examined for normality and homogeneity of variance, followed by analysis of variance (ANOVA) to evaluate significant differences among treatments. The findings demonstrated that mud was the most effective substrate for C. racemosa culture. On average, cultures grown on mud substrates achieved a total length growth of 57.62 mm/day, stolon length growth of 2.75 mm/day, assimilator length growth of 4.85 mm/day, and assimilator diameter growth of 1.24 mm/day. Statistical analysis confirmed that there were significant differences in growth across the various substrate treatments, highlighting the influence of substrate type on the cultivation success of C. racemosa. Overall, this study concludes that mud represents the optimal substrate medium for the culture of C. racemosa. These results provide important implications for the development of environmentally friendly and sustainable aquaculture systems in Bintan Island. The promotion of C. racemosa as an aquaculture commodity holds strong potential to support local livelihoods and contribute to the economic development of coastal communities in Bintan Island, Indonesia.
Genetic and path analysis of agronomic traits in Indonesian sorghum genotypes MUHAMAD ARIF NASUTION; ZULKIFLI MAULANA; MIR ALAM; HANAFI HANAFI; FACHIRAH ULFA; ANGRIANA ABDULLAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 11 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261149

Abstract

Abstract. Nasution MA, Maulana Z, Alam M, Hanafi, Ulfa F, Abdullah A. 2025. Genetic and path analysis of agronomic traits in Indonesian sorghum genotypes. Biodiversitas 26: 5944-5954. Sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) is a strategic cereal for food, feed, and bioenergy in tropical production systems, yet its improvement is constrained by limited characterization of genetic variability and yield-determining traits across local and commercial germplasms. This study evaluated eight contrasting genotypes under a randomized block design in Maros, South Sulawesi, to quantify genetic variation, heritability, and trait-yield relationships. Wide phenotypic divergence was observed, with grain yield ranging from 4.64 to 58.93 g per plant and plant height from 145.6 to 265.9 cm, reflecting substantial heterogeneity within the tested germplasm. High heritability estimates for grain yield (0.75), panicle dry weight (0.75), and thousand-grain weight (0.89) indicate strong additive genetic control and substantial prospects for early generation selection. Path analysis identified thousand-grain weight (direct effect = 0.713), panicle dry weight (0.442), and panicle width (0.304) as the major determinants of grain yield, confirming the central role of reproductive biomass in yield formation. In contrast, the number of nodes and leaves exhibited negative associations with grain yield, demonstrating a physiological trade-off between vegetative vigor and reproductive partitioning, which is consistent with earlier reports across cereals. Sugar content showed moderate heritability (0.68) and a limited direct influence on grain yield, reaffirming its relevance primarily for sweet sorghum improvement. Commercial varieties (Numbu, Kawali, and UPCA-S1) exhibited superior reproductive performance, whereas local genotypes (Watasolok and Okin) expressed adaptive attributes, including taller architecture and enhanced vegetative robustness. The complementary strengths of these groups underscore the potential of targeted hybridization coupled with selection for panicle- and seed-related traits to accelerate the development of high-yielding, climate-resilient sorghum cultivars in tropical environments.
Ethnobotanical study of postpartum medicinal plants used by the Dayak Kalis in Nanga Danau, West Kalimantan, Indonesia RUQIAH GANDA PUTRI PANJAITAN; KLAUDIA MARETA SANDRA; EKO SRI WAHYUNI; REXY MAULANA DWI KARMADI; KURNIA NINGSIH; TITIN TITIN; TRI HARSONO; SHOKHAN SHARIF ALI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 12 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261203

Abstract

Abstract. Panjaitan RGP, Sandra KM, Wahyuni ES, Karmadi RMD, Ningsih K, Titin, Harsono T, Ali SS. 2025. Ethnobotanical study of postpartum medicinal plants used by the Dayak Kalis in Nanga Danau, West Kalimantan, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 5989-5999. The Dayak Kalis community in Nanga Danau Village, West Kalimantan, Indonesia, continues to rely on traditional medicine, particularly for postpartum care. However, no previous study has documented their specific practices. This research aimed to document medicinal plants used for postpartum treatment by the Dayak Kalis. Data were collected through interviews, observations, and documentation, and analyzed using Use Value (UV) and Frequency of Citation (FC). Three key informants (two traditional birth attendants and one customary elder) were selected purposively as knowledge holders. The study identified 10 species from 6 families, with the Zingiberaceae being the most dominant family. Leaves were the most frequently used plant part, typically prepared by boiling. Plants with the highest cultural importance included kunyit (Curcuma longa), daun tonton (Phyllanthus androgynus) and laia (Zingiber officinale), valued for cleansing the uterus, enhancing breast milk, and restoring stamina. Cross-cultural comparison revealed both similarities and variations in postpartum ethnomedicine across other Dayak Sub-ethnic Groups. These findings highlight the importance of documenting traditional knowledge to preserve biocultural heritage and support maternal health. Further phytochemical and pharmacological studies are recommended to validate efficacy and ensure sustainable use of these medicinal resources.
Species composition and medicinal uses of mangrove plants in Southwest Aceh, Indonesia WINTAH WINTAH; MOH. HUSEIN SASTRANEGARA; KISWANTO KISWANTO; ALIN FITHOR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270321

Abstract

Abstract. Wintah, Sastranegara MH, Kiswanto, Fithor A. 2026. Species composition and medicinal uses of mangrove plants in Southwest Aceh, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (3): d270321. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270321. Mangrove ecosystems are among the most productive ecosystems in the world, serving ecological, economic, and cultural functions. Mangroves play an important role in maintaining the biological integrity and resources of marine ecosystems. The village of Tadu Raya Sub-district, Nagan Raya District of South West Aceh has a mangrove forest covering 50 ha. The potential of the mangrove forest in this area is enormous, including medicinal plants. This study aims to identify plants with potential as medicines. The study used a survey method, with sampling conducted at three stations with transects perpendicular to the coast at fixed intervals. Vegetation sampling was conducted randomly at each station and repeated three times in 10 x 10 m plots for trees, 5 x 5 m plots for saplings, and 1 x 1 m plots for seedlings. Information on the use of mangroves through investigations of local communities and a review of the scientific literature. The study found nine medicinal plant species, including trees and undergrowth plants: Acanthus ilicifolius, Avicennia marina, Bruguiera gymnorrhiza, Nypa fruticans, Rhizophora apiculata, Rhizophora mucronata, Rhizophora stylosa, Sonneratia alba, and Sonneratia caseolaris. The local community uses these species as medicine for thrush, toothache, wounds, diarrhea, stomach ache, abdominal pain, bruises, chickenpox, fever, itching, and cough. The highest species importance value (IVI) at Station 1 (ST1) was R. apiculata (54.9%) with relative density (16.67%), relative frequency (18.75%), and relative dominance (19.53%). The highest species importance value (IVI) at Station 2 (ST2) was R. apiculata (56.66%), with relative density (20%), relative frequency (20%), and relative dominance (14.08%). Station 3 (ST3) had the highest species importance value (IVI) of R. mucronata (57.4%) with relative density (20%), relative frequency (20%), and relative dominance (17.35%).
Helopeltis theivora dynamics and damage on cocoa clones under agronomic management in West Sumatra, Indonesia MUNZIR BUSNIAH; SISKA EFENDI; TRIZELIA TRIZELIA; SUCI HERMANDA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 26 No. 10 (2025)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d261026

Abstract

Abstract. Busniah M, Efendi S, Trizelia, Hermanda S. 2025. Helopeltis theivora dynamics and damage on cocoa clones under agronomic management in West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 26: 5118-5124. This study analyzed the comparative resistance of cocoa clones to Helopeltis theivora in two types of cocoa plantations in West Sumatra, Indonesia. The comparison was made between plantations intensively managed by CV Scorpio and small plantations, focusing on two main clones, ICS 60 and TSH 858. The results showed that cocoa cultivation practices in intensive and smallholder cocoa plantations affected the abundance, percentage, and intensity of damage caused by H. theivora. The population and damage levels of H. theivora were higher in smallholder cocoa plantations than in intensive plantations. The type of clone cultivated also affects the abundance and damage level of H. theivora on cocoa plants. ICS 60 clone showed resistance to H. theivora compared to TSH 858 clone. Only the resistance of these clones to H. theivora was affected by cocoa cultivation practices. The resistance of these clones decreased in cocoa plantations that were not intensively managed. Secondary branches were the location of the highest damage intensity, and H. theivora showed a preference for attacking pods measuring 7-15 cm on ICS 60 and >15 cm on TSH 858. This study clearly shows that intensive cultivation practices play an important role in controlling the population of the pest H. theivora. The choice of cocoa clones is also a determining factor. The ICS 60 clone is more resistant to H. theivora. However, genetic resistance in cocoa clones is not absolute. Synergy between the selection of appropriate clones and good cultivation practices is the key to successful control of H. theivora.

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