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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,259 Documents
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Habitat associations of Meretrix spp. in a mangrove coastal area of North Sumatra, Indonesia SHALVIA JARI REFOMIA SIAHAAN; NORMA AFIATI; MUHAMMAD HELMI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 6 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270609

Abstract

Abstract. Siahaan SJR, Afiati N, Helmi M. 2026. Habitat associations of Meretrix spp. in a mangrove coastal area of North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (6): d270609. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270609. The hard clams of the genus Meretrix are ecologically and economically important bivalves in tropical coastal ecosystems, yet information on their habitat associations in North Sumatra remains limited. This study examined the estimated density, spatial distribution, and habitat associations of Meretrix meretrix, M. lusoria, and M. astricta in the mangrove coastal area of Sei Nagalawan, Serdang Bedagai Regency, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Sampling was conducted at 30 intertidal stations during low tide. Sediment characteristics and water-quality variables were measured at each station to characterize local habitat conditions. Spatial patterns were visualized using GIS-based Spline interpolation, whereas Principal Component Analysis (PCA) was applied to summarize environmental gradients across the study area. A total of 517 molluscan individuals representing 12 taxa were recorded. Meretrix meretrix was the dominant species, accounting for 55.1% of the total abundance, followed by M. lusoria. The molluscan assemblage was characterized by low diversity (H′: 0.786), high evenness (E: 0.820), and moderate dominance (C: 0.516). Morisita’s index indicated clumped distribution patterns for all recorded Meretrix species. Estimated density ranged from 2 to 17 ind m⁻². PCA indicated that environmental variation among sampling stations was associated primarily with sediment texture and secondarily with water-quality conditions. Stations with higher Meretrix occurrence were generally associated with coarser sediments, whereas lower occurrences were recorded at stations containing higher proportions of fine sediments. Spatial interpolation revealed heterogeneous density patterns across the study area, with a root mean square error (RMSE) of 3.58. Differences in Meretrix occurrence among stations reflected variation in local habitat conditions across the study area. These findings provide baseline ecological information for future monitoring and management of mangrove-associated bivalve resources in North Sumatra, Indonesia.
Pre-DUS screening of elite maize inbreds via SSR markers and ideotype selection RAKA FAUZI MITREKA; ERLANGGA DWI ATMOJO; SHANASYA NAJWA DEVYA ASYARI; AZERI GAUTAMA ARIFIN; DARMAWAN SAPTADI; ARIFIN NOOR SUGIHARTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270433

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Abstract. Mitreka RF, Atmojo ED, Asyari SND, Arifin AG, Saptadi D, Sugiharto AN. 2026. Pre-DUS screening of elite maize inbreds via SSR markers and ideotype selection. Biodiversitas 27 (4): d270433. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270433. Maize is a key cereal crop in Indonesia, but traditional pre-DUS evaluation relies heavily on morphological traits, which are often confounded by environmental influences. This limitation hinders precise genetic differentiation and efficient selection of elite inbred lines. This study aimed to support pre-DUS differentiation by integrating Simple Sequence Repeat markers with quantitative phenotypic traits and multivariate selection. Twelve elite maize inbred lines were evaluated under field conditions using a randomized complete block design; nine quantitative traits were recorded, and 10 SSR markers were used for genotyping. Our findings present three parallel outputs: phenotypic performance, molecular characterization, and multivariate selection outcomes. Phenotypically, integrated analysis revealed significant variation, with JUNRT1 and JUNRT3 demonstrating superior performance in key yield components (kernel weight, ear diameter, dehusked ear weight, and potential yield) alongside earlier flowering. Molecularly, SSR markers provided evidence consistent with genetic differentiation and predominantly single-fragment patterns in bulked SSR profiles for JUNRT1 and JUNRT3, complementing phenotypic data for pre-DUS characterization. Through multivariate analysis, Factor Analysis effectively reduced nine quantitative traits into three meaningful components: flowering time, yield components, and ear/kernel attributes. Subsequently, the Multi-Trait Genotype-Ideotype Distance Index simultaneously favored early maturity and high yield components, ranking JUNRT1 and JUNRT3 among the top lines. Collectively, this integrated morpho-molecular workflow provides screening-level evidence for pre-DUS characterization and prioritization of candidate parents for subsequent multi-location testing and potential hybrid development. It is crucial to reiterate that these outcomes are intended to support, not replace, formal DUS testing. However, single location-season phenotyping and bulked SSR profiles cannot confirm uniformity or stability under formal DUS requirements.
Isolation and identification of heterotrophic bacteria with methane oxidation potential from various ecosystems as biological agents for reducing methane emissions ERNI WIDIASTUTI; DWI ANDREAS SANTOSA; SYAIFUL ANWAR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270423

Abstract

Abstract. Widiastuti E, Santosa DA, Anwar S. 2026. Isolation and identification of heterotrophic bacteria with methane oxidation potential from various ecosystems as biological agents for reducing methane emissions. Biodiversitas 27 (4): d270423. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270423. Methane is the second-largest greenhouse gas after carbon dioxide, contributing to global warming. Methane-oxidizing bacteria can help reduce methane emissions. However, the availability of methane-oxidizing bacteria isolated from various Indonesian ecosystems remains very limited, leaving a knowledge gap regarding their diversity and functional potential. This study aimed to isolate and identify bacteria from the swamp, river, and cattle manure ecosystems. Sediment samples were collected at 1-10 cm depth from five points in each ecosystem. Bacteria were isolated using a nitrate mineral salt medium supplemented with methane gas as a carbon source during incubation. The bacteria obtained were subjected to further analysis, namely morphological observation, pathogenicity testing through hypersensitivity and hemolysis analysis, indirect testing of Particulate Methane Monooxygenase (pMMO) and Soluble Methane Monooxygenase (sMMO) enzyme activity. Methane oxidation activity was quantified in three replicates for each isolate using gas chromatography. Molecular identification involved Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) amplifying the 16S rRNA gene. There are nine potential bacterial isolates with diverse morphological forms. In vitro tests show that all bacteria are non-pathogenic, with methanol production indirectly indicating pMMO enzyme activity, showing an average concentration of 1.80 mM, while sMMO activity is negative. The three best bacteria, Rw3, Rw4, and Sn1, had potential CH4 oxidation capabilities of 66.61, 62.39, and 62.55%, respectively, under laboratory conditions. The three bacteria were identified as Achromobacter sp., Exiguobacterium sp., and Burkholderia sp., with similarity values of 97.41%, 99.88%, and 98.85%, respectively. Although these three genera are not classified as methanotrophs, they exhibit potential methane-oxidizing activity under laboratory conditions. Overall, this study highlights the potential role of diverse heterotrophic bacterial genera in oxidizing methane, making them relevant biological candidates in the methane cycle.
Molecular and biological characterization of Cowpea Mild Mottle Virus (CPMMV) isolates infecting soybean in Bali and its host range GUSTI NGURAH ALIT SUSANTA WIRYA; LISTIHANI LISTIHANI; DEWA GEDE WIRYANGGA SELANGGA; TRISNA AGUNG PHABIOLA; I GEDE RAI MAYA TEMAJA; NI NYOMAN SISTA JAYASANTI; I PUTU BAWA ARIYANTA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270441

Abstract

Abstract. Wirya GNAS, Listihani L, Selangga DGW, Phabiola TA, Temaja IGRM, Jayasanti NNS, Ariyanta IPB. 2026. Molecular and biological characterization of Cowpea Mild Mottle Virus (CPMMV) isolates infecting soybean in Bali and its host range. Biodiversitas 27 (4): d270441. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270441. Cowpea Mild Mottle Virus (CPMMV) is one of the main pathogens infecting soybean (Glycine max), characterized by mosaic symptoms on young leaves. The host range of CPMMV in Indonesia remains unclear, and there have been no reports of it in Bali soybean plants. This research aims to analyze the CPMMV spread in soybean plants in Bali and to test the CPMMV host range on several plants from Fabaceae, Solanaceae, Amaranthaceae, and Chenopodiaceae. This study was carried out by surveying and sampling symptomatic soybean plants from nine regencies in Bali. Samples obtained from this study were 270 symptomatic soybeans. The samples were then used for CPMMV detection via RT-PCR, CP gene cloning, sequencing analysis, and host range test on 11 test species. The CPMMV infection in soybean resulted in mosaic symptoms, leaf malformations, and stunting. The percentage of symptomatic soybean samples testing positive for CPMMV in nine regencies in Bali ranged from 23.08% to 92.37%. DNA cloning was successfully conducted, as indicated by the ±958 bp insert gene in the plasmid recombinant. The CPMMV isolate from Indonesia has the closest homology with Taiwan and Chinese isolates (93.38-95.71%). Of the 11 test plants, Chenopodium giganteum and Gomphrena globosa showed local symptoms, while the other nine showed systemic symptoms. After reverse inoculation on soybean, all test plants exhibiting systemic symptoms were suitable as sources of CPMMV inoculum. Therefore, the Bali CPMMV isolate may serve as a host and an inoculum source for soybeans. Thus, these results are necessary for intercropping practices involving soybean cultivation.
Spatial and depth patterns of reef fish assemblages in Pulau Tenggol, Malaysia and their links to benthic composition RAHMAN SYAFRUDDIN; MOHMAD FUAD NUR QAMARINA; CHE DIN MOHD SAFUAN; YUSRI YUSUF; AMINUDIN MUHAMMAD AFIQ-FIRDAUS; ZAINUDIN BACHOK
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270148

Abstract

Abstract. Syafruddin R, Qamarina MFN, Safuan CDM, Yusuf Y, Afiq-Firdaus AM, Bachok Z. 2026. Spatial and depth patterns of reef fish assemblages in Pulau Tenggol, Malaysia and their links to benthic composition. Biodiversitas 27 (1): d270148. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270148. A total of 142 reef fish species (71 genera, 33 families) were recorded at Pulau Tenggol in the South China Sea, Peninsular Malaysia, based on surveys conducted in May 2024 across five stations and three depth strata (5, 10, and 15 m), yielding 12 station-depth transects. Fish assemblages were surveyed using belt transects, while major benthic categories and Hard coral growth-forms composition were quantified using Coral Video Transects and analyzed with Coral Point Count with Excel extensions (CPCe). Fish indices, including fish density, species richness, Shannon diversity, Simpson diversity, and Pielou’s evenness, showed no significant differences among stations or depths (Kruskal-Wallis test, p>0.05), whereas species composition differed significantly across both spatial and depth gradients (PERMANOVA, p>0.05). Major benthic categories and hard coral growth-forms did not differ significantly with depth (p>0.05) but showed significant variation among stations (p>0.05). Mantel tests indicated that fish assemblage structure was significantly associated with hard coral growth-forms (p≤0.05), while no significant correlation was detected with major benthic categories (p>0.05). Fish density was positively correlated with Acropora staghorn/branching growth-forms (ρ: 0.783, p: 0.004, FDR: 0.047; partial ρ: 0.769, p: 0.006, FDR: 0.073) and negatively correlated with encrusting corals (ρ: -0.790, p: 0.004, FDR: 0.047; partial ρ: -0.775, p: 0.005, FDR: 0.073). Healthy hard coral cover was strongly associated with obligate corallivores (ρ: 0.757, p: 0.004, FDR: 0.015; partial ρ: 0.716, p: 0.013, FDR: 0.017) and Chaetodontidae (ρ: 0.669, p: 0.017, FDR: 0.035; partial ρ: 0.616, p: 0.044, FDR: 0.027). Overall, coral health and growth-form complexity were stronger predictors of reef fish assemblage structure than major benthic categories.
Short communication: Coconut fiber mats enhance microbial abundance and vegetation establishment on post-eruption degraded land in Mount Batur, Bali, Indonesia NI KADEK DESY ANDYA DEWI; NI LUH PUTU SULIS DEWI DAMAYANTI; ANAK AGUNG SAGUNG PUTRI RISA ANDRIANI; I GEDE PUTU WIRAWAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270330

Abstract

Abstract. Dewi NKDA, Damayanti NLPSD, Andriani AASPR, Wirawan IGP. 2026. Short communication: Coconut fiber mats enhance microbial abundance and vegetation establishment on post-eruption degraded in Mount Batur, Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (3): d270330. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270330. Degraded land affected by volcanic eruptions requires specific technologies to support revegetation. In the caldera of Mt. Batur, Bali, Indonesia, mats made from coconut fiber adapted from technology developed by Takino Filter Inc., Japan, were installed on sandy and rocky volcanic substrates to reduce surface soil erosion, limit surface runoff, retain organic matter, increase soil water retention capacity, and create favorable conditions for plant growth. This study aims to evaluate the impact of coconut fiber mats on soil microorganisms, arbuscular mycorrhizal fungus (AMF) and vegetation development in young volcanic soil. This study used exploratory comparative field observation due to limited replications. Soil microorganism abundance, AMF presence, and vegetation development were evaluated using microbiological, mycorrhizal, and molecular approaches. The results showed that the culturable soil microorganisms on PDA increased significantly under coconut fiber mats, reaching 7,976±16.88 CFU g⁻¹, which was much higher than in control plots without mats, which recorded 10.00±2.00 CFU g⁻¹. Four AMF genera (Glomus, Gigaspora, Acaulospora, and Scutellospora) were identified in soil under coconut fiber mats. Vegetation establishment included Gmelina, Leucaena leucocephala, Edelweiss, and grasses. The findings suggest that coconut fiber mats show promising preliminary evidence for enhancing soil biological recovery and promoting revegetation on degraded volcanic landscapes. This study was an exploratory comparative field observation with limited replication and without baseline data; therefore, the findings should be interpreted as associative evidence.
Phytochemical profiles and antioxidant activities of four Cannabis sativa cultivars in Thailand SUWADEE CHOKCHAISIRI; UTUMPORN NGIVPROM; PIYATHIDA PHATTHANAPHONG; KANWIPHA BOON-ORN; SITTICHOK WONGSONTHOM; PALAPON CHIMPALEE
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270129

Abstract

Abstract. Chokchaisiri S, Ngivprom U, Phatthanaphong P, Boon-Orn K, Wongsonthom S, Chimpalee P. 2026. Phytochemical profiles and antioxidant activities of four Cannabis sativa cultivars in Thailand. Biodiversitas 27 (1): d270129. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270129. Cannabis sativa produces diverse bioactive metabolites, including cannabinoids, phenolics, and flavonoids, which collectively shape its chemical and functional diversity. This study compared four cannabis cultivars cultivated under uniform conditions in Thailand (Sensi Dawg, Top Cherry Gas, Wedding Cake, and Dur Burger) to classify chemotypes and examine cultivar-dependent differences in antioxidant capacity. Ethanolic extracts were analyzed for ten cannabinoids by HPLC, together with Total Phenolic Content (TPC), Total Flavonoid Content (TFC), and antioxidant activities evaluated using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays. Distinct chemotypic differentiation was observed among cultivars. Dur Burger was classified as a CBD-dominant cultivar, with high CBD content, and showed the strongest activity in the ABTS assay. In contrast, Sensi Dawg, Top Cherry Gas, and Wedding Cake were THC-dominant cultivars and exhibited comparatively higher TPC and TFC levels, which were associated with stronger DPPH scavenging and ferric reducing power. Quantitative values are reported on a per-extract basis (mg per g extract). Because individual cannabinoids were not isolated for individual testing, these relationships are interpreted as associations rather than direct mechanisms; proposed links between CBD-rich profiles and ABTS activity are therefore hypotheses consistent with the present data and prior literature, not directly evaluated here. Overall, substantial phytochemical and antioxidant diversity was evident among cultivars. Variation in antioxidant performance reflected not only phenolic and flavonoid abundance but also differences in overall cannabinoid profiles, indicating contributions from multiple metabolite classes. This study addresses a gap in systematic, side-by-side profiling of Thai-grown cannabis by integrating quantitative cannabinoid analysis with multiple antioxidant assays. Key limitations include in vitro testing only, the use of ethanolic extracts from a single indoor location, and the absence of assays on isolated cannabinoids. Nevertheless, the findings provide cultivar-specific reference data to support evidence-based selection of chemotypes for pharmaceutical, nutraceutical, and functional biomaterial applications.
Habitat associations of grouper (Teleostei: Epinephelidae) assemblages across reefs in the Bidong Archipelago, Malaysia AMINUDIN MUHAMMAD AFIQ-FIRDAUS; CHE DIN MOHD SAFUAN; MAIZAH M. ABDULLAH; EZMAHAMRUL AFREEN AWALLUDIN; RAHMAN SYAHPUTRA SYAFRUDDIN; MOHMAD FUAD NUR QAMARINA; YUZWAN MOHAMAD; ZAINUDIN BACHOK
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270426

Abstract

Abstract. Afiq-Firdaus AM, Safuan CDM, Abdullah MM, Awalludin EA, Syafruddin RS, Qamarina MFN, Mohamad Y, Bachok Z. 2026. Habitat associations of grouper (Teleostei: Epinephelidae) assemblages across reefs in the Bidong Archipelago, Malaysia. Biodiversitas 27 (4): d270426. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270426. Groupers (Teleostei: Epinephelidae) are important predatory fishes in coral reef ecosystems, yet their relationships with coral habitat remain insufficiently understood. This study aimed to evaluate grouper assemblages are structured by coral genus composition and benthic habitat, including live coral cover, across reefs in the Bidong Archipelago, Malaysia. Surveys were conducted at 18 stations between March and May 2022 using 100 m belt transects (5×100 m). Grouper assemblages were recorded using Underwater Visual Census (UVC) with video support, while benthic composition and coral genera were assessed using Coral Video Transects (CVT). Data were analyzed using canonical correspondence analysis (CCA), non-metric multidimensional scaling (NMDS), PERMANOVA, and Spearman correlation. A total of 388 individuals representing 11 species were recorded. Assemblages were dominated by Cephalopholis formosa (27%), Cephalopholis boenak (26%), and Cephalopholis cyanostigma (24%). NMDS indicated substantial overlap among sites, suggesting weak spatial structuring of assemblages. Coral genus composition explained 48.9% of constrained variation in CCA but was not statistically significant (p>0.05), consistent with PERMANOVA results (R²: 0.492, p: 0.811). Benthic cover explained 36.0% of variation in CCA and showed a marginal effect in PERMANOVA (R²: 0.434, p: 0.078), with only the “other invertebrates” category showing a significant relationship (p<0.05). Spearman correlation analyses revealed no significant relationships between grouper abundance and habitat variables. Grouper assemblages in the Bidong Archipelago showed weak and largely non-significant associations with coral genus composition and benthic habitat variables, indicating that factors other than measured habitat characteristics may play a greater role in structuring these communities.
Bivalve community structure in relation to soil and porewater properties in Benoa Bay, Bali, Indonesia GEDE SURYA INDRAWAN; I WAYAN ARTHANA; NI MADE SUARTINI; I GEDE HENDRAWAN; I PUTU SUGIANA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270301

Abstract

Abstract. Indrawan GS, Arthana IW, Suartini NM, Hendrawan IG, Sugiana IP. 2026. Bivalve community structure in relation to soil and porewater properties in Benoa Bay, Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (3): d270301. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270301. Coastal ecosystems support benthic communities that are sensitive to environmental changes, making bivalve community structure a reliable indicator of ecological condition. This study examined relationships between bivalve community structure and soil and porewater properties at seven stations in Benoa Bay, Bali (n: 7 stations). Bivalve sampling used a transect-quadrat approach and recorded 19 species, with spatial variation in richness and density. Soil parameters included total organic matter (TOM, 2.55-4.60%), pH (6.05-6.89), soil fractions (gravel, sand, silt, clay), and water content (0.32-0.59). Porewater properties measured at 30-60 cm depth included temperature (26.1-28.1°C), pH (6.27-7.17), salinity (23.1-28.9 ppt), redox potential (-51 to -98 mV), and dissolved oxygen (1.01-2.63 mg L⁻¹). Data normality was assessed using the Shapiro-Wilk test, followed by Pearson correlation analysis and linear regression. Bivalve density showed a significant positive correlation with sand fraction (r: 0.84, p<0.05) and dissolved oxygen (r: 0.85, p<0.05). Positive but non-significant trends were observed for salinity (r: 0.58, p: 0.172) and oxidation-reduction potential (r: 0.72, p: 0.068), while negative but non-significant relationships occurred with silt (r: -0.65, p: 0.114) and clay fractions (r: -0.73, p: 0.062). Community structure varied spatially, with Shannon diversity index values ranging from 0.58 to 1.80, indicating conditions from relatively balanced to stressed assemblages. Given the limited number of stations, these correlations should be interpreted as exploratory rather than definitive. These results indicate statistically significant associations between bivalve density and selected environmental variables. The findings suggest that bivalve community metrics, combined with soil and porewater measurements, may help describe spatial variation in estuarine ecosystem condition.
Ecological and social values of the community forest managed for rural livelihoods in Sa Kaeo Province, Eastern Thailand PRAPATSORN YODSA-NGA; JIRATTAYAKORN TEERATINAN; SUPATTHRA PANGKLOM; PANYA WAIBOONYA; BOONTIDA MOUNGSRIMUANGDEE
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270341

Abstract

Abstract. Yodsa-Nga P, Teeratinan J, Pangklom S, Waiboonya P, Moungsrimuangdee B. 2026. Ecological and social values of the community forest managed for rural livelihoods in Sa Kaeo Province, Eastern Thailand. Biodiversitas 27 (3): d270341. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270341. Community forests are essential in Thailand for supporting local livelihoods and conserving the environment. This research investigates the ecological and social values of the Ban Nong Ma-U Community Forest in Sa Kaeo Province, Eastern Thailand. Ecological characteristics of woody species were assessed in 54 systematically established sampling plots, each measuring 20 × 20 m. Species composition and diversity were evaluated using the importance value index (IVI) and the Shannon-Wiener index (H¢). Biomass of woody species was calculated using allometric equations, and carbon stocks were estimated accordingly. Social values were determined through ethnobotanical indices derived from interviews with 94 residents of Nong Ma-U Village regarding the use of non-timber forest products (NTFPs). In total, 68 species were identified in the sample plots, representing 54 genera and 30 families. Fabaceae was the dominant family, comprising 11 species. Dipterocarpus tuberculatus was the most prevalent tree species, while Suregada multiflora and Sindora siamensis ranked highest among sapling and seedling species based on IVI. The H¢ ranged from 2.48 to 2.96 across tree, sapling, and seedling stages. Tree and sapling biomass were 59.49 and 0.75 ton ha-1, respectively, while carbon stocks for trees and saplings were 27.96 and 0.35 ton C ha-1. A total of 97 NTFPs were recorded, primarily wild plants used for human consumption. Curcuma parviflora, Amorphophallus macrophyllum, Cratoxylum formosum, Azadirachta indica, Amorphophallus paeoniifolius, Curcuma alismatifolia, and Phoenix loureiroi were identified as the most culturally significant NTFP species based on high values of the cultural importance index (CI) and relative importance index (RI). The results indicate that the Ban Nong Ma-U Community Forest provides significant ecological and social benefits to local communities. These benefits include meeting local needs, reliance on NTFPs, carbon sequestration, and the maintenance of local traditions. The implementation of a comprehensive conservation and utilization framework is expected to sustain the resources of Ban Nong Ma-U Community Forest and enhance local livelihoods.

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