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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,259 Documents
 617   618   619   620   621 
Morphology and molecular analysis of the Brittle star (Ophiocoma scolopendrina) in the coastal waters of Aceh Besar, Indonesia ASRI MURSAWAL; SRI WAHYUNI; NI KADEK DITA CAHYANI; M. ALI SARONG; IRWAN EFFENDI; RONAL KURNIAWAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 5 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270512

Abstract

Abstract. Mursawal A, Wahyuni S, Cahyani NKD, Sarong MA, Effendi I, Kurniawan R. 2026. Morphology and molecular analysis of the Brittle star (Ophiocoma scolopendrina) in the coastal waters of Aceh Besar, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (5): d270512. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270512. Brittle stars (Ophiuroidea) are important benthic organisms that play a key role in ecological processes within coastal and coral reef ecosystems. However, information on the combined morphological and genetic characteristics of brittle star populations in the coastal waters of Aceh Besar, Indonesia, remains limited. This study aimed to examine morphological characteristics and genetic diversity of Ophiocoma scolopendrina from three coastal sites in Aceh Besar using a combined morpho-molecular approach. Specimens were collected from Lhok Mee (LM), Lhok Redeup (LR), and Lhok Seudu (LS) using purposive sampling of intact adult individuals suitable for morphological and molecular analyses. A total of 96 specimens were analyzed. Morphological identification was based on standard diagnostic characters, while molecular analysis targeted partial mitochondrial 16S rRNA gene sequences (~430 bp). Genetic diversity indices, including haplotype diversity (Hd) and nucleotide diversity (π), were calculated, and population structure was assessed using pairwise FST and Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA). Results showed consistent morphological traits across locations with minor variation in coloration. Genetic analysis revealed high haplotype diversity (Hd = 0.867-0.962) and low nucleotide diversity (π = 0.010-0.016). Pairwise FST values were low (0.002-0.016), and AMOVA indicated weak and non-significant genetic differentiation among populations (FST = 0.012; P = 0.088). These findings suggest weak mitochondrial population structuring among sites. However, results should be interpreted cautiously due to the use of a single mitochondrial marker and purposive sampling design. This study provides baseline data on morphology and genetic diversity of O. scolopendrina in Aceh Besar, supporting biodiversity monitoring research in tropical coastal ecosystems.
Ethnobotany of lalaban as a food source in the peri-urban Sundanese community of Cireundeu Hamlet, West Java, Indonesia BUDI IRAWAN; DHEA SHINTA PRATITIS SIAGIAN; ANNISA ANNISA; ENENG NUNUZ ROHMATULLAYALY; MUHAMMAD IHSAN; SURYANA SURYANA; BUDIAWATI S. ISKANDAR; JOHAN ISKANDAR
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270328

Abstract

Abstract. Irawan B, Siagian DSP, Annisa, Rohmatullayaly EN, Ihsan M, Suryana, Iskandar BS, Iskandar J. 2026. Ethnobotany of lalaban as a food source in the peri-urban Sundanese community of Cireundeu Hamlet, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (3): d270328. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270328. Local communities understand how to utilize the plants around them, passing down this traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) from their ancestors in utilizing surrounding plant resources, including fresh vegetables known as lalaban in Sundanese cuisine. This study documents and analyzes the diversity, utilization patterns, and cultural importance of lalaban among the peri-urban community of Cireundeu, Cimahi City, West Java, Indonesia. An ethnobotanical mixed-methods approach was employed through semi-structured interviews with 13 key informants, structured questionnaires with 56 respondents, participatory observation, and species identification using Plants of the World Online (POWO). One method they use these plants is in a vegetable salad called lalaban. Lalaban is common among the Sundanese people and is part of their daily diet. The community of Cireundeu Hamlet, Cimahi City, West Java, knows how to process and use lalaban. Currently, knowledge about lalaban is being lost due to globalization and large-scale deforestation. This study highlights the Cireundeu community's extensive knowledge of lalaban as a food ingredient. A total of 38 lalaban species belonging to 24 families were recorded, with Asteraceae as the most represented family. Leaves were the most utilized plant organ (51%), followed by fruits (16%), stems (14%), flowers (11%), and seeds (8%). Lalaban sources were primarily gardens (62%), forests (24%), home gardens (13%), and rice fields (1%). Relative Frequency of Citation (RFC) analysis indicated four culturally important species: Manihot esculenta and Carica papaya (RFC = 1), Pilea melastomoides (0.64), and Crassocephalum crepidioides (0.38). Lalaban consumption ranges from one to six days per week and reflects both nutritional and cultural significance, particularly cassava as a cultural keystone species. Documentation of this knowledge is essential to support conservation strategies, local food security, and intergenerational transmission of TEK amid peri-urban environmental change.
Lejeuneaceae (Marchantiophyta) of Batang Gadis National Park, North Sumatra, Indonesia, with new records for Sumatra and Indonesia NURMAINI GINTING; NURSAHARA PASARIBU; ETTI SARTINA SIREGAR; SYAMSUARDI SYAMSUARDI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 5 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270503

Abstract

Abstract. Ginting N, Pasaribu N, Siregar ES, Syamsuardi. 2026. Lejeuneaceae (Marchantiophyta) of Batang Gadis National Park, North Sumatra, Indonesia, with new records for Sumatra and Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (5): d270503. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270503. Lejeuneaceae (Marchantiophyta) represents one of the most diverse families of liverworts in tropical regions, yet its distribution and diversity in Sumatra remain poorly documented. This study provides the first documented checklist of Lejeuneaceae from Sopotinjak, Batang Gadis National Park (BGNP), North Sumatra, Indonesia, an ecologically important montane forest area located within the northern Sumatran biogeographic zone. Field surveys were conducted from July to November 2022, and both corticolous and epiphyllous specimens were collected across altitudes of 1,205-1,531 meter above sea level (masl). Morphological observations and species identification were carried out using standard bryological techniques under light microscopy and by comparison with regional taxonomic keys. A total of 31 species belonging to 12 genera and two subfamilies were recorded. Drepanolejeunea was the most species-rich genus, followed by Lejeunea, Cololejeunea, and Lopholejeunea. Five species are reported as new distributional records, including three new to Indonesia (Cololejeunea surinamensis, Colura inuii, and Diplasiolejeunea rudolphiana) and two new to Sumatra (Drepanolejeunea angustifolia and Cheilolejeunea falsinervis). Most species were epiphyllous, reflecting the humid and shaded montane forest conditions of BGNP. These findings highlight BGNP as an important reservoir of Lejeuneaceae diversity in western Malesia and expand the known distribution of several taxa. The study also underscores the need for further systematic and quantitative surveys to better understand species richness, ecological patterns, and conservation significance of bryophyte communities in Sumatra.
Short Communication: Characterization of phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic resistance patterns in Escherichia coli isolates from bloodstream infections CONNY RIANA TJAMPAKASARI; LANY STEVINA; RAFIKA INDAH PARAMITA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270320

Abstract

Abstract. Tjampakasari CR, Stevina L, Paramita RI. 2026. Short Communication: Characterization of phenotypic and genotypic antibiotic resistance patterns in Escherichia coli isolates from bloodstream infections. Biodiversitas 27 (3): d270320. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270320. Extraintestinal pathogenic Escherichia coli (ExPEC) is a leading cause of bloodstream infections (BSIs) worldwide and contributes substantially to the burden of antimicrobial resistance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the concordance between phenotypic antimicrobial susceptibility testing (AST) and genotypic resistance determinants identified by whole-genome sequencing (WGS) in E. coli BSI isolates. During the study period, 194 blood culture samples from patients with suspected BSIs were processed, of which 92 yielded positive results; 13 non-duplicate E. coli isolates (14.13% of positive cultures) were included in this single-center, exploratory study. Phenotypic resistance profiles were determined using the VITEK®2 Compact system, while WGS was performed to identify antimicrobial resistance genes, sequence types (STs), and resistance-associated mutations. Phenotypic resistance showed that resistance to ampicillin (7/13, 53.8%), ciprofloxacin (6/13, 46.2%), and ceftriaxone (5/13, 38.5%). Genomic analysis revealed β-lactam resistance genes predominantly associated with blaTEM-1B and its variants (blaTEM-116, blaTEM-141, and blaTEM-206), along with blaCTX-M-55; blaTEM-1B was the most frequently detected gene (4/13), followed by blaCTX-M-55 (2/13). Fluoroquinolone resistance was mainly linked to mutations within quinolone resistance-determining regions of gyrA and parC, as well as alterations affecting the AcrAB-TolC efflux system. Multilocus sequence typing using the Achtman scheme demonstrated high genetic diversity, with 12 distinct STs identified among 13 isolates, including ST73, ST117, ST410, ST95, and ST127. High concordance between phenotypic β-lactam resistance and genotypic findings was observed, as all β-lactam-resistant isolates carried at least one corresponding β-lactamase gene. Overall, these findings indicate that WGS can reliably confirm β-lactam resistance mechanisms and provide useful molecular epidemiological insights into E. coli isolates causing BSIs; however, conclusions are limited by the small sample size and single-center design, and larger multicenter studies are warranted to support routine surveillance applications.
Genetic diversity of pigmented rice landraces (Oryza sativa) from South Sumatra, Indonesia revealed by SSR markers LAILA HANUM; TUTIK WAHYUNI; YADI OKTARIANSYAH
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270130

Abstract

Abstract. Hanum L, Wahyuni T, Oktariansyah Y. 2026. Genetic diversity of pigmented rice landraces (Oryza sativa) from South Sumatra, Indonesia revealed by SSR markers. Biodiversitas 27 (1): d270130. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270130. Pigmented rice landraces constitute an important component of Indonesia’s rice genetic resources, yet information on their molecular diversity in South Sumatra remains limited. This study tested the hypothesis that pigmented rice landraces from South Sumatra exhibit SSR-detectable genetic variation among accessions, whereas genome-wide differentiation between pigmentation groups (red and black rice) is weak or non-significant. This study assessed the genetic diversity and relatedness of ten local pigmented rice (Oryza sativa) landraces, comprising seven red and three black rice accessions, using 11 Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) markers. All markers produced clear and reproducible amplification profiles, generating fragments ranging from 127 to 480 bp, with six to twelve alleles per locus. Marker informativeness was consistently high, with PIC values of 0.790-0.917 (mean = 0.878), indicating strong discriminatory power for accession differentiation. SSR profiles were predominantly homozygous, reflecting the autogamous reproductive system of rice, although limited heterozygosity was detected at a few loci in specific accessions. Multilocus comparison revealed moderate divergence among landraces, supported by Jaccard similarity coefficients ranging from 0.769 to 1.000. UPGMA clustering resolved a structured pattern consisting of a closely related core group of accessions, an intermediate subgroup represented by Linggau and Tanjung Agung, and a more divergent subgroup comprising Sumber Jaya and Teluk Tenggirik. However, AMOVA indicated that molecular variation was predominantly distributed within populations (100%) rather than among populations (0%), with a non-significant differentiation between red and black rice groups (Fst = -0.038; p = 0.769). These findings provide baseline molecular evidence supporting conservation prioritization and highlight genetically distinct landraces as potential donors for future pigmented rice breeding programs. This study represents one of the few SSR-based molecular assessments focusing specifically on pigmented rice landraces from South Sumatra, Indonesia.
Adaptive morpho-anatomical traits of Euphorbia yaroslavii populations in the Zailiysky Alatau, Kazakhstan ZHANSAYA TURGARA; ABIBULLA AMETOV; AKERKE KENESBAY; ELMIRA IMАNOVA; GULNAZ SYPABEKKYZY; BEKTEMIR OSMONALI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 6 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270604

Abstract

Abstract. Turgara Z, Ametov A, Kenesbay A, Imanova E, Sypabekkyzy G, Osmonali B. 2026. Adaptive morpho-anatomical traits of Euphorbia yaroslavii populations in the Zailiysky Alatau, Kazakhstan. Biodiversitas 27 (6): d270604. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270604. Euphorbia yaroslavii is a narrow-range endemic of the northern Tien Shan, restricted to foothill steppe and clayey habitats of the Zailiysky Alatau, Kazakhstan and is insufficiently studied in terms of morphological and anatomical variability. This study aimed to evaluate interpopulation variation in morphological, anatomical, and seed micromorphological traits of E. yaroslavii under contrasting ecological conditions. Three spatially isolated populations were analyzed using a comparative approach that included morphometric measurements of vegetative and generative organs, anatomical investigation of leaf, stem, and root structures, and scanning electron microscopy of seed surfaces. The results showed pronounced interpopulation differentiation mainly in vegetative morphology and anatomical structure. The greatest variability was recorded in leaf thickness, mesophyll organization, and development of conductive tissues, reflecting habitat-related environmental differences. In contrast, generative traits, including cyathium and seed dimensions, were relatively stable. ANOVA confirmed significant differences (p<0.05) in most vegetative and anatomical parameters, whereas reproductive traits showed no significant differences. Correlation analysis revealed coordinated variation among structural traits of different organs. Population differentiation in E. yaroslavii is primarily expressed in vegetative and anatomical features, while reproductive traits remain stable. These findings provide a quantitative framework for understanding adaptive variation and support population-based conservation strategies for this endemic species.
ITS DNA barcoding for species authentication of Thai arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea) and related Marantaceae APHIDECH SANGDEE; THANWANIT THANYASIRIWAT; JUTHAPORN SAENGPRAJAK
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270332

Abstract

Abstract. Sangdee A, Thanyasiriwat T, Saengprajak J. 2026. ITS DNA barcoding for species authentication of Thai arrowroot (Maranta arundinacea) and related Marantaceae. Biodiversitas 27 (3): d270332. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270332. Maranta arundinacea (arrowroot) is an underutilized starch-producing crop whose taxonomic identification is often constrained by overlapping vegetative characters, pronounced phenotypic plasticity, and the frequent absence of diagnostic reproductive structures during dormancy. These factors complicate species identification and germplasm authentication within Maranta and related Marantaceae taxa. This study evaluated the effectiveness of nuclear ribosomal Internal Transcribed Spacer (ITS) DNA barcoding for identifying arrowroot and distinguishing closely related taxa in Thailand. ITS sequences were obtained from Maranta samples collected across several geographic regions, with Goeppertia ornata included for comparison. Phylogenetic relationships were inferred using maximum likelihood analysis. All M. arundinacea accessions showed high ITS sequence similarity and clustered into a single well-supported lineage, indicating genetic uniformity consistent with long-term vegetative propagation. In contrast, ITS variation enabled clear discrimination among other Maranta species that are difficult to distinguish morphologically. Phylogenetic analysis resolved distinct lineages within Maranta and recovered G. ornata as a separate lineage, supporting its classification as a distinct genus. These results demonstrate that ITS DNA barcoding is an effective tool for species authentication, phylogenetic analysis, and germplasm verification, and provide a molecular basis for future conservation and sustainable utilization of arrowroot resources in Thailand.
Distribution, morphology, phytochemical composition, and antioxidant activity of Mediasia macrophylla (Apiaceae) from the Western Tien Shan, Kazakhstan FURKAT A. UBAEV; ANAR M. ESIMOVA; ZHANAR E. AIMENOVA; ZHANAR B. ISKAKOVA; AINAGUL KOLPEK; ZHANAR B. TEKEBAYEVA; AIDANA BAZARKHANKYZY; NURGUL ASKAROVA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270315

Abstract

Abstract. Ubaev FA, Esimova AM, Aimenova ZE, Iskakova ZB, Kolpek A, Tekebayeva ZB, Bazarkhankyzy A, Askarova N. 2026. Distribution, morphology, phytochemical composition, and antioxidant activity of Mediasia macrophylla (Apiaceae) from the Western Tien Shan, Kazakhstan. Biodiversitas 27 (3): d270315. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270315. Mediasia macrophylla (Apiaceae) is a perennial Central Asian species with reported medicinal relevance; however, integrated ecological, morphological, and phytochemical data for populations in Kazakhstan remain limited. The present study provides a preliminary, exploratory, site-based characterization of M. macrophylla from two natural populations within the Aksu-Zhabagly State Nature Reserve (Western Tien Shan, southern Kazakhstan). Habitat conditions, quantitative morphology, essential oil composition, and antioxidant activity of solvent extracts were assessed. Field surveys confirmed that the species occurs in restricted, localized populations associated with rocky limestone slopes and meadow-steppe habitats. Quantitative morphometric analysis of mature, flowering individuals (n = 20) showed moderate variation in vegetative traits and comparatively conservative reproductive and fruit morphology, consistent with stable diagnostic morphology at the local population level. Essential oil composition was determined by GC-MS using a single pooled sample, revealing 29 compounds accounting for 95.83% of the total oil. Antioxidant activity of pooled solvent extracts was evaluated using FRAP and DPPH assays with technical replication. Phytochemical and antioxidant data were obtained from pooled material and technical replicates only and are therefore interpreted descriptively. A clear solvent-dependent pattern was observed: the ethyl acetate extract showed the highest Ferric Reducing Capacity (FRAP absorbance 1.17 at 1.0 mg/mL), whereas the ethanol extract exhibited the strongest radical scavenging activity (80.62% DPPH inhibition at 1.0 mg/mL), approaching that of gallic acid (86.14%). The chloroform extract displayed consistently weak activity. Overall, the results provide descriptive, hypothesis-generating data on the ecological context, morphology, and phytochemical and antioxidant profiles of M. macrophylla within the Aksu-Zhabagly Reserve and highlight the need for replicated, multi-site, and multi-season studies to assess population-level variability and potential chemotypic patterns.
Field parasitism of Opisina arenosella pupae and laboratory development of Trichospilus pupivorus on Galleria mellonella HONG-UNG NGUYEN; THI-THANH-NGA SON; CHI-HIEU PHAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270316

Abstract

Abstract. Nguyen H-U, Son T-T-N, Phan C-H. 2026. Field parasitism of Opisina arenosella pupae and laboratory development of Trichospilus pupivorus on Galleria mellonella. Biodiversitas 27 (3): d270316. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270316. The black-headed caterpillar, Opisina arenosella is a major coconut pest in Asia and has caused serious damage in Vietnam’s Mekong Delta since its first detection in 2020. Parasitoid wasps play an important role in pest control, among which Trichospilus pupivorus is an effective pupal parasitoid of O. arenosella. In addition, larvae and pupae of Galleria mellonella are widely used as alternative hosts for laboratory rearing of beneficial insects. This study investigated the field occurrence of T. pupivorus in coconut orchards of Tra Vinh province and evaluated its development on G. mellonella to support laboratory mass rearing. Field surveys were conducted in 15 infested orchards, where a total of 1,500 O. arenosella pupae were collected from 150 coconut trees to estimate parasitism rates. Five parasitized pupae from each orchard were reared individually to quantify progeny production per parasitized O. arenosella pupa. The results showed that T. pupivorus was detected in 86.7% of orchards and 72.7% of sampled trees, while the mean orchard-level parasitism rate was 17.1±7.75%. Mean progeny production was 462.5±91.4 individuals per parasitized O. arenosella pupa. Under controlled insectary conditions (27±1°C, 75±1.5% RH, 12L:12D photoperiod), the parasitoid completed development on G. mellonella pupae in approximately 16 days, producing 118.3±46.7 individuals per G. mellonella pupa with a strongly female-biased sex ratio (>97%). These findings provide baseline quantitative information on the field occurrence and laboratory performance of T. pupivorus associated with O. arenosella in coconut agroecosystems.
Tree species diversity and stand structural stability in secondary evergreen broadleaf forests of southern Vietnam NGUYEN THI HA; TRAN THI NGOAN; DANG VIET HUNG; NGUYEN HONG HAI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270209

Abstract

Abstract. Ha NT, Ngoan TT, Hung DV, Hai NH. 2026. Tree species diversity and stand structural stability in secondary evergreen broadleaf forests of southern Vietnam. Biodiversitas 27 (2): d270209. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270209. Species diversity and stand structural stability are fundamental concepts in ecology, yet their relationship remains debated. This study was conducted to evaluate the link between tree species diversity and stand structural stability of evergreen broadleaf forests in La Nga Protection Forest Management Board, Lam Dong Province, Vietnam. Data were collected from 102 temporary sample plots (500 m2 each) across three forest types: medium evergreen broadleaf forests (29 plots), poor evergreen broadleaf forests (33 plots), and woody-bamboo mixed forests (40 plots). The results identified a total of 128 species across the three forest types, with a moderate level of species similarity, as indicated by Jaccard indices ranging from 0.60 to 0.66. Species relationships showed an overall co-occurrence tendency across all forest types. Tree species diversity indices in the Evergreen Broadleaf Medium (EBM) Forests were higher than those in Evergreen Broadleaf Poor (EBP) and Woody-Bamboo Mixed (WBM) Forests, but the differences were not statistically significant (p > 0.05), except for the Pielou Index (p<0.05). Stand structural stability based on the Godron Index showed the ranking EBM > EBP > WBM among the studied forest types. Both Simpson (D) and Pielou (J’) Indices were positively correlated with stand structural stability (p < 0.05). These findings highlight the importance of conserving tree species diversity to maintain stand structural stability, while providing a scientific basis for the sustainable management of rehabilitated forest ecosystems in Vietnam.

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