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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,259 Documents
 622   623   624   625   626 
Butterfly community structure and floral visitation in Sukamade, Meru Betiri National Park, Indonesia ABDU ROHMAN; DIMAS AMIRUL HASAN; WACHJU SUBCHAN; DENI PRABOWO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 5 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270506

Abstract

Abstract. Rohman A, Hasan DA, Subchan W, Prabowo D. 2026. Butterfly community structure and floral visitation in Sukamade, Meru Betiri National Park, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (5): d270506. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270506. This study investigates the community structure of butterflies (Lepidoptera: Papilionoidea) and their associated floral resources in the Sukamade Resort area of Meru Betiri National Park, Indonesia, a crucial conservation area for protected species. The objective was to evaluate how butterfly diversity, species richness, and community composition vary across habitat types and their relationships with vegetation composition and abiotic factors. Butterflies were surveyed using the cruising method along 100 m × 10 m transects across 12 sampling sites representing four habitat types. A total of 423 butterfly individuals representing 26 species from four families were recorded, with Ypthima horsfieldii being the most abundant, and the protected Troides helena also present. Open Land showed the highest diversity (H' = 2.72) and species richness (Margalef Index = 4.67). The Dominance Index was highest in Coastal Forest (0.17), while the Closed-canopy Forest recorded the highest species evenness (0.84). A total of 39 plant species were recorded, with the white-flowered Chromolaena odorata showing the highest number of butterfly visits, involving 12 species. Multivariate analyses (Canonical Correspondence Analysis (CCA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA)) were applied to examine patterns of butterfly distribution in relation to abiotic factors and vegetation composition. These analyses were exploratory and revealed general patterns of association. These findings contribute important ecological information for conservation management and highlight the ecological significance of habitat heterogeneity in supporting butterfly diversity within the park.
A two-stage bait-trap method for collecting live subterranean termites under tropical field conditions AMADEUS CLEAVER CHANDRA; HENDRA KURNIAWAN MAURY; INTAN AHMAD
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 6 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270612

Abstract

Abstract. Chandra AC, Maury HK, Ahmad I. 2026. A two-stage bait-trap method for collecting live subterranean termites under tropical field conditions. Biodiversitas 27 (6): d270612. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270612. Obtaining sufficient numbers of live subterranean termites for laboratory-based research is a persistent methodological challenge. Conventional collection methods, including soil excavation, mound destruction, and log dismantling, are labor-intensive and destructive. This study introduces and evaluates a two-stage bait-trap method for collecting live subterranean termites from active colonies under tropical field conditions while minimizing disturbance to the substrate. In the first stage, wooden stakes were installed as bait stations to locate active termite foraging sites. In the second stage, sandwich (stacked-board) traps constructed from the same wood species were installed over infested stakes. Three locally available timber species, rubberwood (Hevea brasiliensis), acacia (Acacia mangium), and jabon (Anthocephalus cadamba) were used as bait materials, with 22 stakes per species evaluated during a three-month field trial, including one month of trap deployment. A total of 33 sandwich traps were installed following initial stake infestation; overall harvest success (initial termite encounter) was 70% (23 of 33), and active-capture success (live termites present at retrieval) was 48% of harvested traps (11 of 23). These two outcomes represent distinct endpoints: encounter and sustained live capture. Mean termite yield across all active traps was 944±854 individuals, including workers and soldiers. No statistically significant difference in termite counts was detected among wood species (F₂,₈: 0.74, p: 0.507; n: 11 active traps); the analysis was underpowered for detecting small-to-moderate effects. Three termite genera were recovered: Coptotermes, Microtermes, and Nasutitermes. The two-stage method successfully demonstrated live termite collection under tropical field conditions at the study site and offers a promising field protocol with potential applications in biodiversity surveys, ecological studies, and toxicological research that require live specimens. Further validation across additional sites and seasons is needed before the method can be considered broadly standardized.
Physicochemical and metabolite profiling of three Capsicum species from West Sumatra, Indonesia RINA YENRINA; WELIARDI WELIARDI; ARIF RIZKIKA PUTRA; SITI SARAH HUMAIRA; TUTY ANGGRAINI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270405

Abstract

Abstract. Yenrina R, Weliardi, Putra AR, Humaira SS, Anggraini T. 2026. Physicochemical and metabolite profiling of three Capsicum species from West Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (4): d270405. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270405. Fresh chili quality and bioactivity vary by species and growing conditions, but integrated data for West Sumatra remain limited. This study provides the first integrated physicochemical-metabolite characterization of three Capsicum species commonly cultivated and marketed in the region: Red Curly chili (Capsicum annuum; RC), Bird's Eye chili (Capsicum frutescens; BE), and Ghost Pepper (Capsicum chinense; GP). Fruit morphometrics, surface color (CIELAB), proximate composition, and antioxidant activity (DPPH assay at 1000 ppm) were evaluated using a descriptive analytical approach, and metabolite profiling was performed using untargeted LC-MS/MS QTOF with putative identification based on MS/MS spectral library matching (MSI level 2). These three species exhibit distinct morphological and color parameters, with RC exhibiting the highest red intensity (a* and chroma) and BE the lowest lightness (L*). All samples exhibited high moisture content (78.70-82.46%) and high carbohydrate content, with low fat and protein levels. Strong antioxidant activity was detected across species (83.38-86.67%). Untargeted LC-MS/MS analysis of single composite samples per species identified 147 putative metabolites (MSI level 2) (73 in RC, 78 in BE, and 70 in GP), and qualitative differences in metabolite detection patterns were observed among species. Glycosylated terpenoid-related compounds were detected in BE, abietic-type diterpenoids were detected in GP, and RC showed the presence of apocarotenoid-related compounds such as β-ionone together with diverse diterpenoid annotations. As analyses were based on single composite samples and putative metabolite annotation (MSI level 2), results should be interpreted as qualitative trends rather than statistically validated differences. Overall, this study establishes a region-specific integrated physicochemical-metabolite profile of Capsicum species from West Sumatra, providing a structured reference for future quantitative metabolomics, functional evaluation, and cultivar differentiation.
Arthropod diversity and trophic balance in monoculture and polyculture rice fields in Mardingding, Karo, North Sumatra, Indonesia TRI YANINTA GINTING; HERMANU TRIWIDODO; I WAYAN WINASA; NINA MARYANA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 5 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270502

Abstract

Abstract. Ginting TY, Triwidodo H, Winasa IW, Maryana N. 2026. Arthropod diversity and trophic balance in monoculture and polyculture rice fields in Mardingding, Karo, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (5): d270502. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270502. This study evaluated the temporal dynamics and functional balance of arthropod communities in monoculture and polyculture rice systems across two cropping seasons in Mardingding Sub-district, Karo District, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Polyculture refers to rice fields in which diversification was implemented primarily through companion vegetation on bunds or surrounding field margins, whereas monoculture consisted of rice grown without such border vegetation. Weekly arthropod sampling was conducted from planting to harvest in six farmer-managed paddy fields using a portable suction sampler. Arthropods were identified as morphospecies and classified into functional guilds. Community structure was assessed using Shannon-Wiener diversity (H′), Pielou's evenness (E), and Simpson's dominance (D) indices and analyzed using GLM repeated-measures ANOVA, in which fields were treated as independent experimental units (n: 6), temporal observations were modeled as repeated measures within fields, and cropping season was included as a within-subject factor. Temporal patterns showed that diversity and evenness increased toward mid-season and declined near crop maturity, whereas dominance showed the opposite trend. The cropping system had a significant effect on diversity (F(1, 4): 18.86, p: 0.012, partial η2: 0.825), whereas the cropping season was not (p: 0.095). The interaction between the cropping system and season was also not significant. Evenness was significantly influenced by cropping season (F(1, 4): 12.44, p: 0.024, partial η2: 0.757), while no significant effects were detected for dominance. Paired comparisons at the field level indicated higher diversity in polyculture during Season 1, whereas differences were not significant in Season 2. Polyculture fields also showed higher natural enemy-to-pest ratios than monoculture. These findings suggest that crop diversification through bund-associated vegetation was associated with a higher relative abundance of natural enemies and may contribute to shifts in trophic structure within rice agroecosystems.
Integrated multimetric assessment of mangrove-seagrass-plankton systems across spatial gradients in Banyuwedang Bay, Bali, Indonesia I PUTU SUGIANA; I MADE ABDI JANAGUNA; SAMUDRA ALFATIHA; I MADE SAKA WIJAYA; I GEDE ADHITIYA YASA; I WAYAN GDE SUTASOMA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270416

Abstract

Abstract. Sugiana IP, Janaguna IMA, Alfatiha S, Wijaya IMS, Yasa IGA, Sutasoma IWG. 2026. Integrated multimetric assessment of mangrove-seagrass-plankton systems across spatial gradients in Banyuwedang Bay, Bali, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (4): d270416. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270416. North Bali coastal waters host interconnected mangrove-seagrass-plankton systems that respond to spatial gradients in physicochemical conditions. This study provides a multimetric baseline assessment integrating environmental parameters with mangrove, seagrass, and plankton indicators across three stations (S1-S3) in Banyuwedang Bay (November 2025), emphasizing spatial ecological patterns rather than inferential relationships. The analysis integrates environmental parameters with ecological indicators of mangroves (Mangrove Health Index, MHI), seagrass (Seagrass Ecological Quality Index, SEQI), and plankton communities (diversity H’, evenness J, and dominance C). Environmental conditions varied spatially, with higher suspended solids at the inner bay and increasing temperature, salinity, and conductivity toward the outer bay. Mangrove ecosystems were consistently classified as excellent (MHI: 67.45-75.98), indicating structurally stable stands despite differences in species composition. In contrast, seagrass meadows exhibited moderate ecological condition (SEQI: 0.63-0.67), reflecting variation between species richness at the inner station and higher coverage at the mid-bay station. Plankton communities showed moderate diversity (phytoplankton H’: 1.31-1.75; zooplankton H’: 0.83-1.80) with localized dominance at the mid-bay station, indicating spatial heterogeneity in community structure. Diatoms dominated across stations, while cyanobacteria increased at one location, suggesting spatial variability associated with environmental gradients. Zooplankton communities displayed relatively high evenness across stations. Overall, the integrated multimetric approach reveals that coastal ecosystems in Banyuwedang Bay remain functionally intact but exhibit clear spatial heterogeneity along the inner-outer gradient. This study provides an integrated baseline framework linking benthic and pelagic indicators for future monitoring and adaptive coastal management in relatively low-disturbance tropical bays.
Polyphasic characterization and GC-MS metabolite profiling of a Streptomyces isolate affiliated with Streptomyces hygroscopicus from pineapple rhizosphere in Lampung, Indonesia TITIK NUR AENY; SELVI HELINA; HAMIM SUDARSONO; NI KADEK EMI SHINTA DEWI; SUSKANDINI RATIH DIRMAWATI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270340

Abstract

Abstract. Aeny TN, Helina S, Sudarsono H, Dewi NKES, Dirmawati SR. 2026. Polyphasic characterization and GC-MS metabolite profiling of a Streptomyces isolate affiliated with Streptomyces hygroscopicus from pineapple rhizosphere in Lampung, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (3): d270340. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270340. Members of the genus Streptomyces represent taxonomically diverse and metabolically versatile actinobacteria commonly associated with rhizosphere ecosystems. This study presents a polyphasic characterization of a Streptomyces isolate obtained from the pineapple (Ananas comosus) rhizosphere in Lampung, Indonesia, integrating morphological, molecular, and metabolite profiling approaches. Morphological examination using scanning electron microscopy revealed extensively branched vegetative hyphae and rectiflexibiles-type spore chains with smooth surfaces, consistent with diagnostic features of the genus. Molecular identification based on 16S rRNA gene sequencing (~1,450 bp) placed the isolate within the Streptomyces hygroscopicus clade (GenBank accession no. PZ049818), showing low genetic divergence (<0.02 substitutions per site) relative to closely related strains, although species-level resolution remains limited using 16S rRNA alone. Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS) analysis of ethyl acetate extracts detected 53 volatile and semi-volatile compounds, with similarity indices ranging from 66% to 96%; compounds with similarity indices ≥80% were considered reliable identifications. Major constituents included 3-deoxy-D-mannoic lactone (6.92%), (S)-(+)-2-amino-3-methyl-1-butanol (6.42%), 2-methylbutanoic anhydride (5.74%), catechol (5.16%), and 9,12-octadecadienoic acid (Z,Z) (4.58%), representing diverse chemical classes such as organic acids, alcohols, phenolics, and fatty acids. Although limited to a single isolate and qualitative metabolite profiling, this study provides baseline taxonomic and metabolomic data for pineapple-associated Streptomyces, serving as a foundation for future genomic, functional, and biocontrol-related studies in tropical agroecosystems.
Mericarpmorphometry and morphology of five Ferula species from the Ulytau region, Central Kazakhstan AIZAT SHARIP; SARDARBEK ABIYEV; GULNARA SITPAYEVA; KANAT KULYMBET; BEKTEMIR OSMONALI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 6 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270610

Abstract

Abstract. Sharip A, Abiyev S, Sitpayeva G, Kulymbet K, Osmonali B. 2026. Mericarpmorphometry and morphology of five Ferula species from the Ulytau region, Central Kazakhstan. Biodiversitas 27 (6): d270610. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270610. This study presents a comparative morphological and morphometric analysis of mericarps from five Ferula species (Apiaceae) associated with the Ulytau region of Central Kazakhstan: Ferula karelinii, Ferula teterrima, Ferula varia, Ferula songarica, and Ferula ferulaeoides. A total of 150 mericarps (30 per species) were analyzed. Qualitative characters included mericarp size, color, shape, groove pattern, surface texture, and chalazal-end morphology, while quantitative parameters comprised mericarp mass and linear dimensions (length, width, diagonal length, apical width, and basal width). The results revealed clear interspecific differences in both qualitative and quantitative traits. The largest mericarps were recorded in F. karelinii, whereas the smallest were observed in F. ferulaeoides. Correlation analysis demonstrated strong positive relationships among linear mericarp parameters (r = 0.82–0.97), indicating a high degree of morphological integration. Regression analysis based on pooled data showed significant positive relationships between mericarp mass and dimensional traits (R² = 0.47-0.63; p<0.001). However, these relationships mainly reflected differences among species rather than consistent within-species allometric patterns. Species-specific analyses revealed considerable variation in mass–size relationships, including weak or negative correlations in some taxa. Although the relatively limited sample size and restricted geographic coverage require cautious interpretation, the results indicate that mericarp morphology and morphometry provide useful characters for comparative carpological studies of Ferula. Further research incorporating broader sampling, population-level analyses, and integrative taxonomic approaches is needed to evaluate the wider systematic significance of these traits.
Structural degradation of community-managed mangroves under illegal logging pressure in Lubuk Kertang, North Sumatra, Indonesia ONRIZAL ONRIZAL; DEBORA RATUA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270440

Abstract

Abstract. Onrizal, Ratua D. 2026. Structural degradation of community-managed mangroves under illegal logging pressure in Lubuk Kertang, North Sumatra, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (4): d270440. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270440. Illegal logging is a major pressure on mangrove ecosystems, but field-based evidence that links ecological condition with community perception remains limited in Indonesia. This study assessed whether mangrove structure and health differed between two stations with contrasting disturbance levels in Lubuk Kertang Village, North Sumatra, and how local people perceived current mangrove condition and management priorities. Vegetation was sampled in nested seedling, sapling, and tree plots along two 300-m transects, and community structure, importance value index, and Mangrove Health Index (MHI) were calculated. Perceptions were analyzed from an 11-item Likert questionnaire administered to 52 respondents. Ecological differences between stations were evaluated using independent t-tests or Mann-Whitney U tests, depending on data distribution. Station I contained seven species and showed moderate condition (MHI 56.27%), whereas Station II contained six species and showed poor condition (MHI 32.95%). The disturbed station had significantly lower canopy cover, tree density, seedling abundance, basal area, mean stem diameter, and mean height, while felled stands occurred only at that station. Respondents strongly acknowledged mangrove benefits, recognized ongoing degradation, and supported stricter supervision, sanctions, and rehabilitation. Taken together, the results indicate that illegal logging in Lubuk Kertang is associated more strongly with structural degradation than with immediate local species loss. These findings support two near-term management priorities: stronger protection of remaining higher-integrity stands and hydrology-informed restoration of degraded and abandoned-pond areas.
Phytochemical profile, antioxidant potential, and antibacterial activity of Thai polyherbal formulation, a Ya Kae Rok Bit remedy CHAWALIT YONGRAM; PALAPON CHIMPALEE; SUWADEE CHOKCHAISIRI; SASIPEN KRUTCHANGTHONG; JIRAPORN SONGSRI; THAVATCHAI KAMOLTHAM; PANUPAN SRIPAN
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 5 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270516

Abstract

Abstract. Yongram C, Chimpalee P, Chokchaisiri S, Krutchangthong S, Songsri J, Kamoltham T, Sripan P. 2026. Phytochemical profile, antioxidant potential, and antibacterial activity of Thai polyherbal formulation, a Ya Kae Rok Bit remedy. Biodiversitas 27 (5): d270516. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270516. This study investigated the quantitative and qualitative phytochemical diversity and biological activities of Ya Kae Rok Bit (YKRB) extracts prepared using different solvents (hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol). Total phenolic, flavonoid, and tannin contents were also evaluated. Antioxidant capacity was evaluated using DPPH, ABTS, and FRAP assays, while antibacterial activity against Escherichia coli ATCC 25922 and Staphylococcus aureus ATCC 25923 was determined by disc diffusion and broth microdilution. GC-MS analysis identified 28 phytochemical constituents, including neutral cannabinoids, with tetrahydrocannabinol (23.24-27.91%) and cannabinol (14.18-21.06%) as relatively abundant compounds based on peak area normalization, together with macelignan (6.34-10.55%). HPLC confirmed the highest Δ9-THC content in the hexane extract (6.92 mg/g extract). The extracts showed measurable antioxidant activity in the DPPH assay (IC50 = 56.72-95.25 µg/mL) and stronger radical scavenging activity in the ABTS assay (IC50 = 23.26-26.93 µg/mL), with reducing capacity observed in the FRAP assay (200.92 mmol Fe²⁺/100 g extract). Moreover, YKRB showed antibacterial activity against S. aureus (MIC = 25 mg/mL), while no activity was observed against E. coli. These findings demonstrate solvent-dependent phytochemical variation and provide preliminary evidence of antioxidant and selective antibacterial activities of YKRB extracts.
Morphological traits and non-destructive leaf area estimation of Moringa oleifera under different stem cutting lengths FITRA GUSTIAR; ROFIQOH PURNAMA RIA; NABILA AYU KRHISMA
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 5 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270523

Abstract

Abstract. Gustiar F, Ria RP, Krhisma NA. 2026. Morphological traits and non-destructive leaf area estimation of Moringa oleifera under different stem cutting lengths. Biodiversitas 27 (5): d270523. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270523. Moringa oleifera is widely cultivated for its highly nutritious leaves, making efficient propagation and accurate growth evaluation essential for improving leaf productivity. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of different stem cutting lengths on the morphological traits and early growth of M. oleifera and to develop a non-destructive method for estimating leaf area. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse using a randomized complete block design with five stem cutting lengths (20, 30, 40, 50, and 60 cm). Leaf area estimation models were developed using measurements of leaf length and width of fully expanded compound leaves using regression analysis. Among the evaluated models, the linear regression based on leaf Length × Width (L × W) produced the highest predictive performance (R² = 0.9636) within the calibration dataset used in this study. Stem cutting length was associated with variation in early growth responses. Cuttings of approximately 40 cm generally showed more favorable early-growth characteristics, including higher survival percentage, larger leaf area, and greater dry biomass accumulation compared with several other treatments. Because survival data were derived from a limited number of plants per treatment, survival responses are interpreted descriptively. Differences in fresh biomass variables were not statistically significant, although variation was observed in leaf and root dry weight. These findings suggest that moderate cutting length may support balanced early establishment of M. oleifera under greenhouse conditions. The developed leaf area model provides a practical tool for repeated growth monitoring without destructive sampling. However, because the model was not validated using an independent dataset, further testing under field conditions and across broader environmental settings is still required before wider application.

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