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Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 1412033X     EISSN : 20854722     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d230231
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology
The Biodiversitas Journal was first published in 2000 by the Department of Biology, FMNS, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia, then in 2006 it was co-published by the Society for Indonesian Biodiversity and that department; since 2017 it was also hosted by Smujo. From 2003-2012 it was accredited by DGHE, Ministry of Education, R.I., since 2014 was indexed by Scopus, where DOAJ and Google Scholar was indexed first.
Arjuna Subject : Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler - Biokimia, Genetika dan Biologi Molekuler (Lain-Lain)
Articles 6,259 Documents
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Checklist, functional traits, and conservation status of the Ichthyofauna of rivers in Hu’u District, Sumbawa, Indonesia KARIZMA FAHLEVY; AGUSTINUS SEMBIRING; RIAS KAESSARI MAGENTA; ADI SUROSO; CHARLES P. H. SIMANJUNTAK; ARIES ASRIANSYAH; NURUL WAHIDAH Q. MANIK
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270404

Abstract

Abstract. Fahlevy K, Sembiring A, Magenta RK, Suroso A, Simanjuntak CPH, Asriansyah A, Manik NWQ. 2026. Checklist, functional traits, and conservation status of the Ichthyofauna of rivers in Hu’u District, Sumbawa, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (4): d270404. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270404. The freshwater fish community of Hu’u District, Sumbawa, Indonesia, remains poorly documented, particularly in rivers outside previously surveyed areas. Rapid assessments were conducted across seven rivers (Hu’u, Lakey, Ncangga, Nangadoro, Puma, Onto, and Tenga) during the wet (February 2023) and dry (July 2023) seasons using cast nets and scoop nets, with two to three hours of sampling effort per site. Fish identification followed standard taxonomic keys, and trait data from available literature were used to classify species into functional entities based on four categorical traits: water column position, substrate preference, feeding habit, and migratory behavior. A total of 17 fish species from seven orders and ten families were recorded. 12 functional entities were recorded. Demersal species were more common across all rivers. Fish species occurred roughly equally across all substrate types. Omnivores were most common. Most species were amphidromous or catadromous. According to IUCN, 13 species are Least Concern, three are Data Deficient, and one is Not Evaluated, and none of the species is protected under Indonesian regulation. These findings provide the first integrated account of species occurrence, functional richness, and conservation status for freshwater fish in Hu’u District rivers. The low species richness and limited functional redundancy suggest potential vulnerability of ecosystem functioning, and the results support the monitoring and prioritization of downstream river conservation in the region.
Water quality and macroalgal community structure across coastal sites in the Bima Sea, Indonesia NIKMAN AZMIN; CATUR RETNANINGDYAH; SUHARJONO SUHARJONO; WAHYU WIDORETNO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 6 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270606

Abstract

Abstract. Azmin N, Retnaningdyah C, Suharjono, Widoretno W. 2026. Water quality and macroalgal community structure across coastal sites in the Bima Sea, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (6): d270606. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270606. Macroalgae are important primary producers in coastal ecosystems and are highly sensitive to changes in environmental conditions. This study aimed to evaluate the physicochemical water quality and macroalgal community structure in aquaculture and non-aquaculture areas at Wane, Rontu, and Tanjung Mas beaches, Bima Regency, West Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia. Community structure was assessed using community indices, the Importance Value Index (IVI), and multivariate analyses. A total of ten macroalgal taxa were identified, with Sargassum sp. exhibiting the highest IVI values across all study sites (59-81), followed by Halimeda micronesica, Ulva lactuca, and Turbinaria sp., which showed intermediate IVI values. Water temperature and pH remained within ranges suitable for supporting marine life, whereas nitrate and orthophosphate concentrations consistently exceeded water quality reference thresholds across all study sites, although no significant differences were detected among locations (p>0.05). The Shannon-Wiener diversity index (H′) ranged from 1.57 to 2.67, with the highest value recorded at the non-aquaculture site in Wane and the lowest at the non-aquaculture site in Tanjung Mas. Multivariate analyses indicated that variation in macroalgal community structure was generally more strongly associated with differences among beaches than with aquaculture and non-aquaculture site categories, although this pattern was most consistently observed at Tanjung Mas Beach. The findings demonstrate that site-specific environmental characteristics play a key role in shaping macroalgal community structure in the Bima Sea. These results highlight the importance of continuous water quality monitoring and location-based coastal management strategies to support macroalgal conservation and the sustainability of tropical coastal ecosystems.
Five-year survey of bird species inventory and distribution in Sanggabuana Mountains, West Java, Indonesia BERNARDINUS T. WAHYU WIRYANTA; FENI SUGIARTI; ASYSYAMS ANNISA; SITTI BALQIS KHADIJAH; UCE SUKENDAR; YUNUS TRIYONGGO; DELFANIA MATASIK
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 6 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270605

Abstract

Abstract. Wiryanta BTW, Sugiarti F, Annisa A, Khadijah SB, Sukendar U, Triyonggo Y, Matasik D. 2026. Five-year survey of bird species inventory and distribution in Sanggabuana Mountains, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (6): d270605. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270605. The Sanggabuana Mountains in West Java are a tropical forest area of substantial ecological importance, yet information on bird diversity in this region remains limited. This study aims to document bird species diversity, taxonomic composition, feeding guild proportions, spatial distribution patterns, and the conservation status of birds as a basis for conservation planning in the Sanggabuana Mountains. This study presents one of the first baseline inventories of bird species conducted during the 2021-2025 period using a combination of line transect and point count methods. In total, 176 bird species were recorded, representing 57 families and 18 orders, with the order Passeriformes being the dominant group. A diversity index value of 1.84 indicates a moderate level of taxonomic composition. Additionally, the presence of four migratory bird species highlights the importance of this area as a tropical forest habitat and a regional migration stopover site. Based on spatial analysis using the average nearest neighbor (ANN) method, species distribution patterns tend to be clustered, although some feeding guilds exhibit random distribution patterns. A total of 13 species are classified as threatened according to the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN), comprising three critically endangered, five endangered, and five vulnerable species. Based on regional distribution data, 98.29% of the recorded species are known to occur in Java. These results provide relevant basic ecological information to support long-term biodiversity monitoring efforts and serve as a foundation for developing conservation strategies in the Sanggabuana Mountains.
Biodiversity and distribution of selected freshwater mollusks and crayfish along a mineralization gradient in the Zarafshan River, Uzbekistan KHUSNIDDIN BOYMURODOV; JONIBEK SAIDKULOV; SAYFULLA KHORAZOV; TOZAGUL JABBOROVA; BOBUR SABOXIDDINOV; OMON MIRZAMURODOV; BAXTIYOR ALIYEV; SULTON SUYAROV; BEKZOD OTAKULOV; AZAMAT EGAMKULOV; NADIR KHASANOV; FARRUKH DJALILOV; SUKHROB BOYMURODOV; MATNAZAR RAXIMOV; ZUVAIDULLO IZZATULLAEV; KHUDAINAZAR YUNUSOV; ZAFARJON MUSTAFOYEV
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270425

Abstract

Abstract. Boymurodov K, Yunusov K, Izzatullaev Z, Raximov M, Boymurodov S, Djalilov F, Khasanov N, Egamkulov A, Otakulov B, Suyarov S, Aliyev B, Mirzamurodov O, Saboxiddinov B, Jabborova T, Khorazov S, Saidkulov J, Mustafoyev Z. 2026. Biodiversity and distribution of selected freshwater mollusks and crayfish along a mineralization gradient in the Zarafshan River, Uzbekistan. Biodiversitas 27 (4): d270425. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270425. The Zarafshan River basin is characterized by a distinct hydro-chemical gradient shaped by intense urbanization and industrial activity, which significantly impacts its biological integrity. This study evaluates the taxonomic diversity and distribution of four key freshwater macroinvertebrate families (Unionidae, Corbiculidae, Lymnaeidae, and Astacidae) along a documented mineralization gradient in the Zarafshan River basin. Field surveys were conducted from 2023 to 2025 at 12 sampling stations representing varying anthropogenic pressures. Taxonomic composition was analyzed alongside hydro-chemical parameters, including Total Dissolved Solids (TDS) and nutrient levels. A total of 11 species, belonging to 3 classes, 4 orders, 4 families, and 7 genera, were identified. Data analysis revealed a marked decline in both species’ richness and individual density as water mineralization increased from 300 mg/L (Site Z1) to 1600 mg/L (Site Z4). Ecological classification identified the predominance of phytophilic (5 species, 45.4%) and peloreophilic (3 species, 27.3%) groups. Faunistic similarity analysis, using Jaccard and Ochiai indices, showed the highest similarity between stations K1 and A2 (Ochiai 0.95), while the lowest similarity was recorded between the most impacted stations Z4 and K4 (Jaccard 0.45). The observed spatial shifts in community structure suggest that elevated mineralization and organic loading are primary drivers of macroinvertebrate distribution in the basin. These findings characterize the environmental tolerances of the target taxa, providing foundational data for developing future bioindication frameworks in the Zarafshan River ecosystem.
Taxonomic reassessment of the Selaginella flora of Java, Indonesia AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN; TATIK CHIKMAWATI; MIFTAHUDIN MIFTAHUDIN; SUTARNO SUTARNO; SUGIYARTO SUGIYARTO; SUNARTO SUNARTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 2 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270239

Abstract

Abstract. Setyawan AD, Chikmawati T, Miftahudin, Sutarno, Sugiyarto, Sunarto. 2026. Taxonomic reassessment of the Selaginella flora of Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (2): d270239. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270239. Selaginella Beauv. is one of the most taxonomically complex lycophyte genera in tropical Asia, and species delimitation in Java has long been complicated by extensive morphological variation, nomenclatural inconsistency, and contrasting taxonomic interpretations. This study provides a comprehensive floristic and taxonomic reassessment of Selaginella in Java based on 1,962 occurrence records from field surveys and herbarium collections. Species diversity, distribution patterns, and taxonomic relationships were evaluated using comparative morphology, ecological evidence, herbarium examination, and contemporary nomenclatural standardization. A total of 21 species are recognized, including 19 native taxa and two introduced or naturalized species (S. kraussiana and S. uncinata). Updated diagnostic descriptions and identification keys are provided, and several problematic taxa are reassessed. Selaginella ascendens and S. springiana are interpreted within the S. intermedia complex, whereas S. caudata and S. caulescens are treated within the S. plana and S. involvens complexes, respectively. Several vegetative characters traditionally used for species delimitation, including branch flattening, foliage density, and leaf overlap, were found to be highly variable and environmentally responsive, whereas stem pubescence, aristate leaf apices, and certain growth-form characteristics remain more reliable for identification. Floristic comparisons indicate strong affinities between the Javan Selaginella flora and other regions of Sundaland, particularly Sumatra and Peninsular Malaysia, together with secondary connections to Wallacea and the broader tropical and subtropical regions of Asia. The study provides an updated checklist, identification framework, and taxonomic baseline for future ecological, biogeographical, and evolutionary research on Asian Selaginella.
Genetic diversity and molecular differentiation among Javanese Selaginella revealed by SSR and ISSR markers AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN; JATNA SUPRIATNA; D. DARNAEDI; ROKHMATULOH ROKHMATULOH; SUTARNO SUTARNO; SUGIYARTO SUGIYARTO; SUNARTO SUNARTO; YULITA KUSUMADEWI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 5 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270520

Abstract

Abstract. Setyawan AD, Supriatna J, Darnaedi D, Rokhmatuloh, Sutarno, Sugiyarto, Sunarto, Kusumadewi Y. 2026. Genetic diversity and molecular differentiation among Javanese Selaginella revealed by SSR and ISSR markers. Biodiversitas 27 (5): d270520. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270520. Selaginella is a highly diverse lycophyte genus in tropical Asia, yet molecular information for Indonesian taxa remains limited, particularly for evaluating species differentiation across geographically separated populations. This study assessed genetic diversity and molecular relationships among 32 Selaginella accessions representing eight recognized species and three unidentified taxonomic entities, collected mainly from Java, Indonesia, with additional materials from Bali, Lombok, and Papua. Genetic variation was analyzed using four SSR primers and five ISSR primers, which together generated 122 scorable loci, all of them polymorphic. SSR markers produced 43 loci, whereas ISSR markers generated 79 loci and contributed higher discriminatory power through greater polymorphism information content, resolving power, and marker index. Genetic similarity coefficients ranged from 0.42 to 0.93, indicating moderate to high molecular affinity among accessions. Both UPGMA clustering and principal component analysis consistently separated the major taxa, although widespread species such as S. plana and S. involvens showed moderate internal dispersion across accessions from different localities. AMOVA revealed that 80.1% of molecular variation occurred within species and 19.9% among species, with significant species-level differentiation (PhiPT = 0.199; P = 0.001). Nei's genetic distance revealed moderate molecular affinity among most Javanese taxa, whereas the Lombok and Papuan accessions occupied more divergent molecular positions. Geographic origin had little influence on the overall molecular structure, suggesting that species identity was the primary determinant of genetic differentiation. These findings demonstrate that combining SSR and ISSR markers provides a reliable molecular framework for refining taxonomy and supporting future conservation efforts for tropical Selaginella in Indonesia.
Revisiting Selaginella diversity in Java (Indonesia) through combined ecological and taxonomic reassessment AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN; TATIK CHIKMAWATI; MIFTAHUDIN MIFTAHUDIN; SUTARNO SUTARNO; SUGIYARTO SUGIYARTO; SUNARTO SUNARTO
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 1 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270150

Abstract

Abstract. Setyawan AD, Chikmawati T, Miftahudin, Sutarno, Sugiyarto, Sunarto. 2026. Revisiting Selaginella diversity in Java (Indonesia) through combined ecological and taxonomic reassessment. Biodiversitas 27 (1): d270150. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270150. Selaginella species have traditionally been distinguished mainly by vegetative traits. Because these traits vary with environmental conditions, the taxonomy of this lycophyte genus has remained complex, especially in tropical Asia. In Java, species diversity estimates remain inconsistent among classical floristic treatments, global databases, and recent field observations. This study reassessed Selaginella diversity in Java using field surveys, herbarium examination, taxonomic standardization, and ecological analyses. A total of 1,962 occurrence records were compiled across multiple habitat types and elevational zones. Species identities were verified through comparison of field collections, herbarium specimens, and published taxonomic references. Ecological structuring was analyzed using descriptive habitat analysis, Principal Component Analysis (PCA), and Non-metric Multidimensional Scaling (NMDS). The reassessment recognized 21 confirmed Selaginella species in Java, consisting of 17 native non-endemic taxa, two endemic taxa, and two introduced or naturalized species. Species richness was highest in humid submontane forests, whereas disturbed habitats contained simplified assemblages dominated by ecological generalists. NMDS analysis indicated significant habitat differentiation (ANOSIM: R = 0.684; p = 0.001 after 999 permutations), while several historically recognized taxa, including S. ascendens, S. springiana, and S. caudata, were not retained as independent species because of extensive overlap with broader species complexes. These results suggest that relying solely on vegetative morphology may overestimate Selaginella species richness in Java. This assessment updates our knowledge of Selaginella diversity in Java by integrating field observations, herbarium evidence, and ecological analyses. Conservation efforts should prioritize humid forest habitats, particularly submontane areas, which support the highest diversity and several habitat-specialist Selaginella species.
Diversity, distribution, and habitat preferences of Selaginella in Java Island, Indonesia AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN; SUTARNO SUTARNO; SUGIYARTO SUGIYARTO; SUNARTO SUNARTO; GILANG DWI NUGROHO; MUHAMMAD NUR SULTON
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 4 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270442

Abstract

Abstract. Setyawan AD, Sutarno, Sugiyarto, Sunarto, Nugroho GD, Sulton MN. 2026. Diversity, distribution, and habitat preferences of Selaginella in Java Island, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (4): d270442. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270442. Selaginella (spike mosses) is an ancient lineage of vascular plants with broad ecological adaptability, yet comprehensive ecological assessments remain limited in many tropical regions. This study investigated the diversity, distribution, and habitat preferences of Selaginella across Java Island, Indonesia, along a broad elevational gradient. Field surveys and herbarium records collected between 2007 and 2021 yielded 1,962 occurrence records, comprising 1,362 field collections and 600 herbarium specimens from BO and GBIF. Species occurrences were classified into five elevational zones: colline (0-650 m), submontane (650-1,500 m), montane (1,500-2,400 m), subalpine (2,400-3,000 m), and alpine (>3,000 m). Species diversity indices, Indicator Value Analysis (IndVal), Paired Difference Index (PDI), bipartite networks, and habitat-association analyses were used to evaluate ecological patterns. A total of 21 Selaginella species and one unidentified taxon were recorded. Species richness was highest across the colline-montane zones (0-2,400 m asl), with the greatest concentration of species occurring in the submontane zone, where diversity also reached its highest value (H′ = 2.35). Dominant species included Selaginella plana (404 individuals), Selaginella ciliaris (387), Selaginella ornata (214), and Selaginella willdenowii (205), whereas several species exhibited restricted distributions and narrow habitat preferences. Community composition differed significantly among elevational zones (p<0.05), and indicator-species analyses identified distinct habitat associations, particularly within submontane environments. These findings underscore the influence of elevation on Selaginella distribution and highlight the vulnerability of lowland and highland species to threats such as climate warming and habitat fragmentation. Conservation efforts should adopt an elevation-based strategy, emphasizing the protection of humid lowland habitats and maintaining altitudinal corridors in mountainous regions to accommodate climate-driven shifts. Safeguarding Selaginella diversity is essential for preserving the ecological integrity of tropical forest ecosystems in Southeast Asia.
Modeling the current habitat suitability of genus Selaginella in Java, Indonesia AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN; SUTARNO SUTARNO; SUGIYARTO SUGIYARTO; SUNARTO SUNARTO; MUHAMMAD NUR SULTON; GILANG DWI NUGROHO; ILYAS NURSAMSI
Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity Vol. 27 No. 3 (2026)
Publisher : Society for Indonesian Biodiversity

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/biodiv/d270342

Abstract

Abstract. Setyawan AD, Sutarno, Sugiyarto, Sunarto, Sulton MN, Nugroho GD, Nursamsi I. 2026. Modeling the current habitat suitability of genus Selaginella in Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 27 (3): d270342. https://doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d270342. Species Distribution Models (SDMs) have become essential tools in ecology, biogeography, biodiversity conservation, and natural resource management. Among the available approaches, Maximum Entropy (MaxEnt) is widely used to predict species distributions based on occurrence records and environmental variables. Selaginella (Selaginellaceae) is a lycophyte genus that depends on moist environmental conditions because free water is required for fertilization, making its distribution closely associated with climatic factors. This study aimed to model the current habitat suitability of Selaginella in Java, Indonesia, and to identify the climatic and topographic variables influencing its distribution. Occurrence records were compiled from field surveys, herbarium collections, and biodiversity databases, yielding 1,962 filtered records representing 21 accepted species and one unidentified accession. After data cleaning and 5-km spatial thinning, 811 occurrence records from 434 localities were retained for modeling. Twenty-two environmental predictors were evaluated, and model performance was assessed using cross-validation and Jackknife analyses. The MaxEnt model achieved good predictive performance (AUC = 0.811), indicating reasonably reliable discrimination between suitable and unsuitable habitats. Habitat suitability was primarily influenced by elevation (28.9%), Solar Radiation in April (19.4%), Precipitation of the Warmest Quarter (17.2%), and Annual Precipitation (17.0%). Response curves indicated optimal suitability at elevations of approximately 1,000–1,500 m above sea level under humid climatic conditions with high annual rainfall. Suitable habitats covered approximately 63,870.41 km², representing 49.19% of Java’s land area, and were concentrated in mountainous regions of West Java, Central Java, East Java, and the Dieng Plateau. These findings demonstrate that climatic and topographic conditions strongly influence the distribution of Selaginella in Java and provide a valuable baseline for conservation planning, habitat management, and future climate-change assessments.

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