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Nusantara Bioscience
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 20873948     EISSN : 20873956     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci
Core Subject : Education,
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Aims and Scope Nusantara Bioscience (Nusantara Biosci) encourages submission of manuscripts dealing with all aspects of biological sciences that emphasize issues germane to biological and nature conservation.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 545 Documents
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Short Communication: Effects of black soy phytoestrogens (Glycine soja) on elevated levels of estradiol in rat blood (Rattus novergicus) ovariectomy Dwi Yuliawati; WURI WIDI ASTUTI; FITRI YUNIARTI
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 12 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n120110

Abstract

Abstract. Yuliawati D, Astuti WW, Yuniarti F. 2020. Effects of Black Soy phytoestrogens (Glycine soja) on elevated levels of estradiol in Rat Blood (Rattus norvegicus) ovariectomy. Nusantara Bioscience 12: 55-58. Menopause is the transition from productive to non-productive times due to reduced estrogen and progesterone and has an impact on improving cardiovascular problems. The fulfillment of estrogen needs in menopause can use a type of phytoestrogens from black soybeans. The purpose of research is to prove the administration of black soy extract (Glycine soja) can increase the levels of estradiol in the rat blood (Rattus norvegicus) ovariectomy. Design research uses post-test only control group design. Twenty-five female rats were randomly divided into 5 groups (n = 5 tails per group), negative controls, positive and 3 treatments. Ovariectomy was performed in a group of positive controls and treatment. Thirty-day post ovariectomy rats were given appropriate group treatment (negative control, positive, and treatment with the administration of black soy extract dose of 50, 100, 150 mg/200  g/day for 30 days). The estradiol test used the Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Anova's test results with a significant degree of ? = 0.05 established that the p-value of 0.000 was less than ? = 0.05, meaning there was a significant effect of giving black soy extract on increased levels of estradiol in the rat blood ovariectomy. Post - Hoc Tukey testing shows increased the highest estradiol levels in the dose treatment group 100 mg/200  g/day. This research proves that the administration of black soy extract (Glycine soja) can increase the levels of estradiol in the rat blood (Rattus norvegicus) ovariectomy.
Allelopathic activity of Dendrophthoe pentandra as a potential bioherbicide to inhibit seed germination and seedling growth of Eleusine indica Lutfan Alharits; Niarsi Merry Hemelda; Yasman; Windri Handayani
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 12 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n120106

Abstract

Abstract. Alharits L, Hemelda NM, Yasman, Handayani W. 2020. Allelopathic activity of Dendrophthoe pentandra as a potential bioherbicide to inhibit seed germination and seedling growth of Eleusine indica. Nusantara Bioscience 12: 33-39. Dendrophthoe pentandra (L.) Miq. is a common parasitic plant in Southeast Asia. As a parasitic plant, it exhibits phytochemicals important for infecting its host, which may be potential as bioherbicide. This study was aimed to evaluate allelopathic activity of D. pentandra (stem and leaf extracts) to control Eleusine indica (L.) Gaertn. seed germination and growth. Methanolic extracts of D. pentandra stem and leaf (0, 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 mg/mL in water) were treated on E. indica seeds in a petri dish for 10 days. After 10 days, germination of treated E. indica seeds was significantly reduced and reached >80% inhibition at 5 mg/mL. Moreover, E. indica roots were more sensitive compared to E. indica shoots, indicated by root inhibition >50% at 1 mg/mL and reached >90% inhibition at 5 mg/mL. Leaf extract presented stronger inhibition than stem extract, but not significant. It may be related to the higher accumulation of phenolic and flavonoid compounds in leaf extract than in stem extract. This is the first report of allelopathic activity in D. pentandra to inhibit E. indica germination and growth. Therefore, further study in a greenhouse, as well as metabolism effects of D. pentandra on the target weeds are important to provide comprehensive evaluation of D. pentandra potential as bioherbicide.
Growth and secondary metabolites content of chloroform extract of Chlorella sp. and Chlorella sorokiniana cultured on chicken broiler waste media Devy Susanty; Ade Ayu Oksari
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 12 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n120105

Abstract

Abstract. Susanty D, Oksari AA. 2020. Growth and secondary metabolites content of chloroform extract of Chlorella sp. and Chlorella sorokiniana cultured on chicken broiler waste media. Nusantara Bioscience 12: 28-32. Intensive chicken broiler farms create waste in the environment. Chicken Broiler Waste (CBW) was used as culture media for Chlorella sp. InaCC M39 and Chlorella sorokiniana InaCC M38 at various concentrations (2, 4, 6, 8, and 10%), and compared to AF6 media. The growth of Chlorella was observed every 48 hours for 10 days by counting the number of cells using a hemocytometer. The chloroform extract of Chlorella sp. and C. sorokiniana were analyzed for their phytochemical content to determine the presence of alkaloids, flavonoids, saponin, steroids, and tannin. The results showed that 2% of CBW media was the best medium for the growth of Chlorella with nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) content was 0.01% N; 0.01% P; 0.06% K respectively. The highest specific growth rate of Chlorella sp. on 2% CBW medium was on the 8th day of culture (0.8133) with cell density of 1.6 x 106 cells/mL, while the highest specific growth rate of Chlorella sorokiniana was on the 6th day (0.8907) with cell density of 2.99 x 107 cells/mL. The chloroform extract of the biomass of Chlorella sorokiniana contained steroid and saponin
Short Communication: Seed germination, seedling survival and storage behavior of Koompassia excelsa (Leguminosae) Dian Latifah; Fitri Fatma Wardani; Rizmoon Nurul Zulkarnaen
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 12 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n120108

Abstract

Abstract. Latifah D, Wardani FF, Zulkarnaen RN. 2020. Seed germination, seedling survival and storage behavior of Koompassia excelsa (Leguminosae). Nusantara Bioscience 12: 46-49. Koompassia excelsa (Becc.) Taub. (Leguminosae) is an important component of many tropical rainforests as an emergent canopy tree. Knowledge and application of germination strategies and increasing seedling survival of this species in many conservation efforts are essential as it is endemic to several areas in Southeast Asia. This research investigated the effects of the different moisture levels of the sowing media on the germination and seedling survival percentage of K. excelsa. The seeds exhibited faster germination percentage and higher seedling survival when sown in media with 33.2%-moisture. The seeds appeared to have intermediate storage behavior. Thus, sowing seeds in 33.2%-moisture media may promote seedling survival, which is an important part of regeneration as well as conservation of K. excelsa.
The effect of dietary methionine levels on growth, feed conversion and protein retention efficiency of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings FOUZI A. MOHAMMED; Ramzy Yousif; FATIMA M. HILAL; RAHMA A. ADAM; TAMNY K. AHMED
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 12 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n120104

Abstract

Abstract. Mohammed FA, Yousif RA, Hilal FM, Adam RA, Ahmed TK. 2020. The effect of dietary methionine levels on growth, feed conversion and protein retention efficiency of Nile Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) fingerlings. Nusantara Bioscience 12: 21-27. A 49 days feeding trial was conducted to evaluate growth, feed utilization and body composition of Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus (4.30±0.01 g), fed five isonitrogenous (32 g 100 g-1 crude protein) and isoenergetic (14.51 kJ g-1 Gross energy) practical diets and five levels of methionine supplementation (0.5, 1, 1.5, 2 and 2.5 g 100 g-1). The experimental design was completely randomized with five treatments and three replicates. Fish were stocked in triplicate groups of 20 fish held in 70 L flow-through tanks (water volume 55 L) and fed twice daily (08:00 am and 04:30 pm) to apparent satiation. When absolute weight gain (AWG; g fish-1), feed conversion ratio, protein deposition (g fish-1) and protein retention efficiency (%) data were subjected to second-degree polynomial regression analysis 95% of the plateau of the above parameters was achieved at dietary methionine concentrations between 1.4-1.5 g 100 g-1 dry diet or 0.09-0.10 g methionine kJ-1 GE. Corresponding to 4.4-4.7 g 100 g-1 of the dietary protein. Based on these results, dietary methionine requirement for Nile tilapia Oreochromis niloticus is recommended 1.4-1.5 g 100 g-1 diet.
Species identification and genetic diversity of Aedes in Penang (Malaysia) based on Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I NUR ZAWANI MUSTAFA KAMAL; MUHAMMAD SIRI DANGNGA; IRMAYANI; Darlina Md. Naim
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 12 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n120102

Abstract

Abstract. Kamal MZM, Dangnga MS, Irmayani, Md. Naim D. 2020. Species identification and genetic diversity of Aedes in Penang (Malaysia) based on Cytochrome Oxidase Subunit I. Nusantara Bioscience 12: 6-12. Cases of dengue fever are expanding globally and recently it was identified as being notable in remote/rural regions in South-East Asia in spite of the previous belief that it is outbreak to urban areas, especially in Malaysia. In an effort to constraint, the extent of the virus, the most important thing is to know the distribution of the vector that causes the disease. This research aims to recognize all species of mosquitoes distributed in Penang utilizing DNA barcode method in which the mtDNA cytochrome oxidase subunit 1 (COI) as a gene marker. Approximately 497 larvae of mosquitoes were obtained from four regions in Penang, Malaysia namely Central Seberang Perai, North Seberang Perai, North East, and South West of Penang. All samples were extracted and PCR amplified. Sequences were employed in BLAST of GenBank and aligned with MUSCLE. The ABGD analysis was performed to partition all the samples and substitution saturation analysis was employed in DAMBE. Phylogenetic relationships among nucleotides were reconstructed utilizing Maximum Likelihood (ML) and Neighbor-Joining (NJ) calculated following Kimura 2-parameter. Intra and interspecific genetic variation among population were also conducted based on Tamura-Nei parameter and all analyses were employed in MEGA version 6.0. As a result, COI gene has successfully recognized all larvae obtained in this study. We found a total of six species (including outgroup sequence) as revealed by BLASTn, ABGD and phylogenetic analysis. Genetic distance test has further supported the results. This study revealed that there is no visible population structure and all species have a uniform distribution throughout all sampling locations in Penang. We also found that Ae. albopictus has occupied most areas in Penang, and this includes urban locations, hence, suggest that Ae. albopictus probably succeed Ae. aegypti as the main vector for dengue virus in Penang.
Short Communication: The most active fraction of red turi flowers (Sesbania grandiflora) on the cytotoxic activity of HepG2 cells Sulasmi Sulasmi; OKID P. ASTIRIN; TETRI WIDIYANI
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 12 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n120112

Abstract

Abstract. Sulasmi, Astirin OP, Widiyanti T. 2020. Short Communication: The most active fraction of red turi flowers (Sesbania grandiflora) on the cytotoxic activity of HepG2 cells. Nusantara Bioscience 12: 68-72. Red turi flowers (Sesbania grandiflora L.Pers) contain many chemical compounds with high bioactivity. One of the chemical compounds is flavonoid compound. Quercetin is a class of flavonoid compound. This compound is obtained by extraction with methanol as a solvent then it is partitioned by water and ethyl acetate as a solvent. The fraction obtained is given phytochemical tests, which is further test using Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC) to detect the quercetin compounds. The level of flavonoid is determined using UV Vis spectrophotometer. Water and ethyl acetate fractions are tested cytotoxically using the MTT method (3-(4,5-dimethyltiazol-2-il)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) with ELISA Microplate Reader. This study aims to determine the most active fraction of red turi flowers on the cytotoxic activity of HepG2 cells, which are model cells for liver cancer. The results of water fraction do not contain quercetin compounds, with IC50 value of 961.11µg/mL. The ethyl acetate fraction contains quercetin compounds with total flavonoid equivalent quercetin of 1.76% b/b and IC50 value of 149.15µg/mL. Ethyl acetate fraction is more active than the water fraction with moderate cytotoxicity.
Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence-based identification of yeast biota on pomegranate surface and determination of extracellular enzyme profile Tülay Turgut Genç; Melih Günay
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 12 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n120111

Abstract

Abstract. Genc TT, Günay M. 2020. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence-based identification of yeast biota on pomegranate surface and determination of extracellular enzyme profile. Nusantara Bioscience 12: 59-67. Yeasts are the most significant organisms to produce fermented products from different types of fruits such as grape, strawberry and pomegranate. The native yeasts on these fruits contribute to beverages’ quality and aroma during fermentation. Pomegranate is used in fruit juice and wine production because of high antioxidant characteristic. In order to determine yeast microbiota on the pomegranate fruits collected from Gallipoli (Gelibolu), Çanakkale-Turkey, ITS-5.8S rDNA gene region have been utilized. Also, phylogenetic relationships among identified yeast species were assigned by using sequences of ITS-5.8S rDNA gene region. In addition, extracellular enzyme activity of identified yeast strains was detected by using API-ZYM. Kluyveromyces lactis, Aureobasidium pullulans, Hanseniaspora uvarum, Candida zeylanoides, Kwoniella sp., and Metschnikowia pulcherrima and Metschnikowia ziziphicola yeast species were identified on pomegranate surface. Phylogenetic analysis, carried out in ITS-5.8S rDNA gene region of identified yeast strains, revealed the presence of five clades. Kwoniella sp., H. uvarum, M. pulcherrima, and Kl. lactis yeast strains revealed high leucine arylamidase activity. Also valine arylamidase activity was determined in M. pulcherrima and Kl. lactis yeast species. Acid phosphatase activity was determined in H. uvarum and K. lactis yeast species. Uncultured Kwoniella sp. and H. uvarum yeast species displayed high ?-galactosidase and ?-glucosidase activities, respectively.
Antioxidant potential of Eclipta alba, a traditional medicinal herb attenuates oxidative DNA damage in vitro Purushothaman Ayyakkannu; Ganesh A; Meenatchi Packirisamy; Sundaram Ramalingam; Venkataramanan S
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 12 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n120113

Abstract

Abstract. Purushothaman A, Ganesh A, Meenatchi P, Sundaram R, Venkataramanan. 2020. Antioxidant potential of Eclipta alba, a traditional medicinal herb attenuates oxidative DNA damage in vitro. Nusantara Bioscience 12: 73-78. The plant Eclipta alba (L.) Hassk. is an important plant used in the traditional Ayurvedic, Unani systems of holistic health and herbal medicine of the East. This study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant and DNA damage protection activities of ethanolic extract of E. alba. Quantitative analysis of total phenolic content (TPC) and identification of bioactive components using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectroscopy (GC-MS) was performed to provide scientific basis for traditional usage of this plant. To investigate the antioxidant potential, extracts were tested for their capacity to scavenge 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH·), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and Superoxide radicals (O2•-). DNA damage protective activity of ethanol extract of E. alba was checked on pBluescript M13+ plasmid DNA. The Plasmid DNA was oxidized with H2O2 + UV treatment in the absence and presence of different concentrations of E. alba extract (75, 150, and 300 ?g/mL). Electrophoresis was performed using 1% agarose at 40 V for 3 h in the presence of ethidium bromide. Gel was scanned on a Gel documentation system. Bands on the gels corresponding to supercoiled circular, circular relaxed, and linearized DNA were quantified. The results of preliminary phytochemical screening of E. alba extract showed the presence of flavonoids, saponins, steroids, terpenoids, and tannins. The extract was found to have rich phenolics content of 26.38 ± 2.45 milligram of gallic acid equivalents (mg GAE/g). The extract exhibited excellent antioxidant activities. GC-MS analysis of the extract confirmed the presence of major active principles. Furthermore, the extract significantly inhibited DNA damage induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS). Altogether, the results of current study revealed that E. alba is a potential source of antioxidants and provides pharmacological credibility to the ethnomedicinal use of this plant in traditional system of medicine, also justifying its therapeutic application in oxidative damage induced diseases such as cancer, diabetes, and neurological disorders.
Phytochemical screening, antibacterial and antioxidant assessment of Leuconotis eugenifolia leaf extract : - Praptiwi Praptiwi; DEWI WULANSARI; AHMAD FATHONI; NOTO HARNOTO; ROSSI NOVITA; ALFRIDSYAH; ANDRIA AGUSTA
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 12 No. 1 (2020)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n120114

Abstract

Abstract. Praptiwi, Wulansari D, Fathoni A, Harnoto N, Novita R, Alfridsyah, Agusta A. 2020. Phytochemical screening, antibacterial and antioxidant assessment of Leuconotis eugenifolia leaf extract. Nusantara Bioscience 12: 79-85. Traditionally, sitahe (Leuconotis eugenifolia (Wall. Ex G. Don) A.DC) has been used to maintain stamina by Aceh peoples, Indonesia. The use of L. eugenifolia mainly as a spice on a traditional cuisine “ie bu peudah”. This research was conducted to determine the phytoconstituents of L. eugenifolia leaf extracts, and to investigate their antioxidant potential using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging and antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. Phytochemical screening was carried out using standard methods. L. eugenifolia leaves were extracted successively with n-hexane, dichloromethane, ethyl acetate, methanol, and water. Obtained extracts were tested qualitatively for antioxidant and antibacterial by the TLC-bioautography method, followed by quantitative analysis to determine the MIC and IC50 value using the microdilution method on 96-well microplate. The results showed that it contained alkaloids, flavonoids, steroids, triterpenoids, saponins, phenolics, and tannins. The highest levels of phenolic (259.0486 ± 0.1203 mg GAE/g extract) and flavonoids (84.6575 ± 0.0237 mg QE/g extract) were found in ethyl acetate extract, and dichloromethane, respectively. The antibacterial activity of n-hexane and dichloromethane extracts is moderate against E. coli, and weak against S. aureus. Ethyl acetate extract, methanol, and water extracts have very strong antioxidant activity. L. eugenifolia leaf extracts may be promising new antioxidant sources.

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