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Nusantara Bioscience
Published by Universitas Sebelas Maret
ISSN : 20873948     EISSN : 20873956     DOI : https://doi.org/10.13057/nusbiosci
Core Subject : Education,
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Aims and Scope Nusantara Bioscience (Nusantara Biosci) encourages submission of manuscripts dealing with all aspects of biological sciences that emphasize issues germane to biological and nature conservation.
Arjuna Subject : Umum - Umum
Articles 545 Documents
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The effect of types and concentrations of auxins on callus induction of Centella asiatica SUCI RAHAYU; IKA ROOSTIKA; NURLIANI BERMAWIE
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 8 No. 2 (2016)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n080224

Abstract

Abstract.  Rahayu S, Ika Roostika I, Bermawie N. 2016. The effect of types and concentrations of auxins on callus induction of Centella asiatica. Nusantara Bioscience 8:  283-287. Centella (Centella asiatica L.) is one of medicinal crops that have various utility as healing wounds, inflammation, rheumatic, hemorrhoids, tuberculosis, dysentery, leprosy, and fever and also as appetizer. In recent years the demand for raw materials of medicinal from Centella has increased. Until now, Centella has been harvested directly from nature without replanting so that this plant was worried to be extinct gradually. In vitro culture is one of the techniques for plant propagation. This technique has proved to be able to propagate a plant in large numbers, short time and uniform. Callus induction is initial stages of plant propagation by indirect organogenesis and somatic embryogenesis. The objectives of this research were to find out the most suitable type of auxins and its concentrations to induce callus formation of Centella. Explants used in this research were leaves and petioles taken from sterile culture of Centella var. Castina 1. Three kinds of auxins were used to this research, i.e. 2,4-D, Picloram and Dicamba at the levels of 2, 4 and 6 mgL-1. The result indicated that the most suitable type of auxin for inducing callus formation was 2,4-D or Dicamba at concentration of 4 mgL-1 which gave the highest percentage of callus formation, and the highest fresh weight as well. 
The estimation of emission from the gateways to Surakarta City, Indonesia using the software of Mobilev 3.0 as the basis for an action plan of emission control SUNARTO SUNARTO; WIRYANTO WIRYANTO; WIDHI HIMAWAN
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 8 No. 2 (2016)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n080225

Abstract

Abstract. Sunarto, Wiryanto, Himawan W. 2016. The estimation of emission from the gateways to Surakarta City, Indonesia using the software of Mobilev 3.0 as the basis for an action plan of emission control. Nusantara Bioscience 8: 288-296. Surakarta is the center for activities of a pseudo area unit called Greater Solo, which includes several regencies nearby, bordering on Surakarta City. As a result, many commuters enter Surakarta daily, most of whom using personal vehicles, causing high emission from mobile sources, especially during working days. Heavy traffic can be seen in several main gateways to the city, namely two-way traffic section of Slamet Riyadi Street, Adi Sucipto Street, Ir Sutami Street, Yos Sudarso Street and Mangunsarkoro Street. Emission from transportation on those streets is higher than that of Central Business District (CBD). The objective of this study was to estimate the emission from mobile sources on the gateways to Surakarta City as an input for an action plan to reduce urban emission. The number of vehicles on the five gateways was counted by direct observation using CCTV belonging to the Office of Transportation, Communication and Information of Surakarta City in 2012. The estimation of emission from transportation was done using software of Mobilev 3.0. Data conversion was done using Microsoft Excel. The results showed that in 2012, the total Average Daily Traffic (ADT) on the five gateways was 442,959 units of vehicles. The highest ADT was found on Ir Sutami Street, which was 110,537 units/day. Most of the vehicles were motorcycles (75%) and personal passenger cars (17%). Other gateways had similar composition, but their exact numbers varied. This composition was an obvious indicator of community preference for personal vehicles over public transportation. The estimate of emission on the five gateways was 84.87 ton/yr of CH4, 1,829.56 ton/yr of CO, 46,212.03 ton/yr of CO2, 946.29 ton/yr of HC/NMVOC, 190.13 of NOx ton/yr, 14.75 ton/yr of PM10 and 2.52 ton/yr of NH3. The amount of emission was influenced by the number and composition of vehicles on each street. The total consumption of fuel on the five gateways was 14,884.35 ton/yr, mostly by motorcycles (34%) and personal passenger cars (29%). The composition of fuel was 61% of gasoline and 39% of diesel. Most of the time, the traffic scenario was heavy except for Ir Sutami Street and Mangunsarkoro Street in which the traffic was stopped and go.
Effect of cinnamon essential oils addition in the sensory attributes of dark chocolate MUHAMMAD ISA DWIJATMOKOa; DANAR PRASEPTIANGGA; DIMAS RAHADIAN AJI MUHAMMAD
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 8 No. 2 (2016)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n080227

Abstract

Abstract. Dwijatmoko MI, Praseptiangga D, Muhammad DRA. 2016. Effect of cinnamon essential oils addition in the sensory attributes of dark chocolate. Nusantara Bioscience 8: 301-305. Chocolate is one of the most popular confectionery products in the world. The increasing demand for healthy foods has led to rapid growth in innovative healthy chocolate. Cinnamon (Cinnamomum burmanii) has been widely used as flavoring agent in the food product as well as has been proven to have benefit for human well-being. This study aims to investigate the effect of cinnamon essential oils added in dark chocolate on consumer acceptance. A hedonic test using untrained panelists was performed in this research. The result showed that the presence of the cinnamon essential oils changed significantly on the panelist acceptability to the chocolate.
Evaluation of antibacterial and antioxidant activity of extracts of endophytic fungi isolated from Indonesian Zingiberaceous plants PRAPTIWI PRAPTIWI; KARTIKA DIAH PALUPI; AHMAD FATHONI; DEWI WULANSARI; MUHAMMAD ILYAS; ANDRIA AGUSTA
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 8 No. 2 (2016)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n080228

Abstract

Abstract. Praptiwi, Palupi KD, Fathoni A, Wulansari D, Ilyas M, Agusta A. 2016. Evaluation of antibacterial and antioxidant activity of extracts of endophytic fungi isolated from Indonesian Zingiberaceous plants. Nusantara Bioscience 8: 306-311. Thirty-two endophytic fungi isolated from rhizome of six species of Zingiberaceae from Karanganyar, Central Java, Indonesia. Based on their morphological characters, all of endophytic isolates were classified into 10 genera. All of endophytic fungi isolates were then cultivated into 200 mL of Potato Dextrose Broth and incubated at room temperature. After three weeks, each of the fungi cultures was extracted with appropriate amount of ethyl acetate, and dried under reduced pressure. The extracts then evaluated for DPPH antioxidant activity and antibacterial activities against Escherichia coli Ina-CC B5 and Staphylococcus aureus Ina-CC B4 based on non-eluted TLC bioautography assays. The results showed 19 extracts are possessing antioxidant activity, 23 extracts inhibit the growth of E. coli Ina-CC B5, and 19 extracts inhibit the growth of S. aureus Ina-CC B4. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) value of active extracts against S. aureus was in the range of 80-1280 ug/mL, while MIC against E. coli was in the range of 80->1280 ug/mL. The IC50 of active extracts were in the range of 50.97-2031.26 ppm. Further analysis by the eluted TLC-bioautography assay of active extracts showed that several fungal metabolites on active extract responsible for its/their bioactivity. It can be concluded that endophytic fungi isolated from Zingiberaceae can be used as new antibacterial and antioxidant resources.
Short Communication: Larvicidal and antifeedant activities of Kalanchoe daigremontiana against Plutella xylostella larvae DEWI HIDAYATI; YUDI DARMANTO; TUTIK NURHIDAYATI; NURLITA ABDULGANI
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 8 No. 2 (2016)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n080229

Abstract

Abstract. Hidayati D, Darmanto Y, Nurhidayati T, Abdulgani N. 2016. Short Communication: Larvicidal and antifeedant activities of Kalanchoe daigremontiana against Plutella xylostella larvae. Nusantara Bioscience 8: 312-315. Larvicidal and antifeedant activities of Kalanchoe daigremontiana polar extract were tested on fourth instar of Plutella xylostella larva using choice test, leaf dipping method and antifeedant capacity test (no choice test). K. daigremontiana polar extract in level of 0.25, 0.5, 0.75, 1, 1.25, and 1.5% were used on choice test to determined the larvae behavior tendencies of an attractant or to be an antifeedant, while on toxicity test were used extract in level of 0.25% and 0.5%, whereas on antifeedant capacity test were in level of 0.75, 1, 1.25, and 1.5%. The Probit analysis resulted that 50% of lethal concentration (LC50) was found at 72 hours exposure of 0,5% polar extract. Effective concentration for antifeedant at 1.25%, while antifeedant capacity percentage was in level of 84.85%.
Biomass, chlorophyll and nitrogen content of leaves of two chili pepper varieties (Capsicum annum) in different fertilization treatments SUHARJA SUHARJA; SUTARNO SUTARNO
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 1 No. 1 (2009)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n010102

Abstract

Abstract. Suharja, Sutarno. 2009. Biomass, chlorophyll and nitrogen content of leaves of two chili pepper varieties (Capsicum annum) in different fertilization treatments. Nusantara Bioscience 1: 9-16. This study aims to determine the influence of various fertilization treatments on biomass, chlorophyll, and nitrogen content of leaves from two varieties of chili, Sakti (large chili) and Fantastic (curly chili). The study was conducted in the village of Gatak, Karangnongko sub-district, Klaten District, Central Java, from September 2006 to March 2007. The study used a complete block design with two factorials, chili varieties, and fertilizer treatment. Fertilization treatments includes no fertilizer (control) (P1); manure 2 kg/plant (P2), manure (1 kg/plant) + chemical fertilizer (ZA, SP-36, KCl = 2: 1: 1) + NPK (P3); and manure (1 kg/plant) + chemical fertilizer (SP-36: KCl = 1:1) + liquid organic fertilizer (P4). According to Harborne (1987), chlorophyll content was measured, whereas leaf nitrogen concentration was measured with the Kjeldahl method. Data were analyzed using ANOVA followed by DMRT. The results showed that the Fantastic chili fertilizer treatment affected the biomass and chlorophyll-a but did not affect chlorophyll b, total chlorophyll, and leaf nitrogen. On the curly chili, fertilizer treatment affected fresh plant weight, chlorophyll a, and total chlorophyll but did not affect dry weight, fresh fruit weight, chlorophyll b, and leaf nitrogen. It is, therefore, recommended to use the formulation of manure + chemical fertilizer (SP-36: KCl = 1: 1) + liquid organic fertilizer in the cultivation of chili.
Proliferation of embryogenic callus of Satoimo taro (Colocasia esculenta var. antiquorum) in culture media with various levels of sucrose and gelling agent HANI FITRIANI; PRAMESTI DWI ARYANINGRUM; N. SRI HARTATI
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 8 No. 2 (2016)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n080230

Abstract

Abstract. Fitriani H, Aryaningrum PD, Hartati NS. 2016. Proliferation of embryogenic callus of Satoimo taro (Colocasia esculenta var. antiquorum) in culture media with various level of sucrose and gelling agent. Nusantara Bioscience 8: 316-320. Satoimo taro (Colocasia esculenta var. antiquorum) is one of the promising varieties of taro which have potentially high value to cultivate. Tissue culture or in-vitro culture considers an economically useful technique to mass propagates this variety of taro. The research was conducted to figuring out the optimum media for proliferation success of embryogenic callus of Satoimo. The explants used embryogenic callus of 12-months-old storage materials obtained from the previous study. Proliferation media include a basal half-strength MS salt (Murashige and Skoog) enriched with of 0.1 mg/L TDZ, 0.05 mg/L 2.4 D, and 100 mg/L L-glutamine. Adding to the basal media, we set the treatments by combining two factors i.e. Sucrose with three levels of concentration i.e. 3, 4, and 5% which cross-tabulated with three gelling agents, i.e., Agarose, Phytagel, and Gerlite. The research parameters included the percentage of callus diameter growth, the color and callus discoloration, and the structure of callus. The data recorded periodically every 7 d in one month. Data were analyzed using analysis of variance and followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) to determine the significant difference (p<0.05) among the treatments. The result revealed that the callus diameter growth has the greatest percentage at medium with a combination of Phytagel and sucrose 4%. The Micro-agar enhanced the presence of callus with yellow color. Phytagel combined with a high percentage of sucrose (5%) indicated browning properties of callus. Gelrite causes the callus with discoloration appearance (white).
Effect of IAA and GA3 toward the growing and saponin content of purwaceng (Pimpinella alpina) DASIYEM FATHONAH; SUGIYARTO SUGIYARTO
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 1 No. 1 (2009)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n010103

Abstract

Abstract. Fathonah D, Sugiyarto. 2009. Effect of IAA and GA3 toward the growing and saponin content of purwaceng (Pimpinella alpina). Nusantara Bioscience 1: 17-22. The aims of this research are to examine (i) the effect of IAA and GA3 in different concentrations on the growth of the plants and (ii) the saponin contained inside the P. alpina leaves. The research was done in Sikunang Village, Kejajar Subdistrict, Wonosobo District, Central Java, from July to November 2007. The Completely Random Design used the experimental methods with two factors to analyze this experiment. The first treatment gives IAA and GA3; the second provides different IAA and GA3 concentrations. These experiments were repeated three times. Variables measured in this research were plant growth consisting of the number of leaves, their height, width, wet weight, and dry weight. The chemical compound of the secondary metabolite in the form of leave saponin was employed. Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) analyzed the result, then continued to Duncan Multiple Range Test in 5% level to analyze the real difference between those treatments. The result showed that giving IAA and GA3 differently affects the growth of P. alpina. In variable of the height, the optimal wet weight and dry weight in GA3 treatment was 50 ppm; an optimum number of leaves in GA3 treatment was 50 ppm, whereas the leaves width in IAA treatment was 200 ppm and GA3 treatment was 75 ppm. Optimum saponin treatment was IAA 200 ppm and GA3 25 ppm.
Protein expression on Cr resistant microorganism using electrophoresis method UMI FATMAWATI; SURANTO SURANTO; SAJIDAN SAJIDAN
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 1 No. 1 (2009)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n010105

Abstract

Abstract. Fatmawati U, Suranto, Sajidan. 2009. Protein expression on Cr resistant microorganism using electrophoresis method. Nusantara Bioscience 1: 31-37. Hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) is known as toxic heavy metals, so the need is reduced to Cr(III) is much less toxicity. Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Pseudomonas putida, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Pantoea sp., and Saccharomyces cerevisiae are resistant Cr(VI) microorganisms and can reduce Cr(VI). The aim of this research is to know ability of the microorganism to reduce Cr(VI) and to know the protein band pattern between Cr(VI) resistant microorganisms and non-resistant microorganisms inoculated on LB broth. SDS-PAGE was used to identify protein expression. At the same time, Cr(VI) concentration was identified by the 1.5 diphenyl carbazide method. The quantitative data were analyzed by two factorial ANOVA that continued with DMRT at a 1% level test. The qualitative data, i.e., protein expression analyzed by relative mobility (Rf). The results showed that the ability of microorganisms to reduce Cr(VI) at an initial concentration of 0.5 ppm, one ppm, five ppm, and 10 ppm might vary; the average percentage of the ability of each microorganism in reducing Cr(VI) is P. putida (65%) > S. cerevisiae (64.45%) >. P. aeruginosa (60.73%) > Pantoea sp. (50.22%) > K. pneumoniae (47.82%) > without microorganisms (34.25%).ListenRead phonetically The adding microorganisms have significantly influenced toward reduction of Cr(VI). The SDS-PAGE shows that protein expression between resistant and not resistant microorganisms are no different, but resistant microorganisms have more protein (protein band is thicker).
Review: Natural products from Genus Selaginella (Selaginellaceae) AHMAD DWI SETYAWAN
Nusantara Bioscience Vol. 3 No. 1 (2011)
Publisher : Smujo International

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.13057/nusbiosci/n030107

Abstract

Abstract. Setyawan AD. 2011. Natural products from Genus Selaginella (Selaginellaceae). Nusantara Bioscience 3: 44-58. Selaginella is a potent medicinal-stuff, which contains diverse of natural products such as alkaloid, phenolic (flavonoid), and terpenoid. This species is traditionally used to cure several diseases, especially for wound, after childbirth, and menstrual disorder. Biflavonoid, a dimeric form of flavonoids, is the most valuable natural products of Selaginella, which constituted at least 13 compounds, namely amentoflavone, 2',8''-biapigenin, delicaflavone, ginkgetin, heveaflavone, hinokiflavone, isocryptomerin, kayaflavone, ochnaflavone, podocarpusflavone A, robustaflavone, sumaflavone, and taiwaniaflavone. Ecologically, plants use biflavonoid to response environmental condition such as defense against pests, diseases, herbivory, and competitions; while human medically use biflavonoid especially for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-carcinogenic. Selaginella also contains valuable disaccharide, namely trehalose that has long been known for protecting from desiccation and allows surviving severe environmental stress. The compound has very prospected as molecular stabilizer in the industries based bioresources.

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