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INDONESIA
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung
Published by Universitas Padjadjaran
ISSN : 0126074X     EISSN : 23386223     DOI : 10.15395/mkb
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung (MKB)/Bandung Medical Journal publishes peer-reviewed original articles and case reports in basic medical research, clinical research, and applied medical science. This journal is published quarterly (March, June, September, and December) by Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran. Articles are original research that needs to be disseminated and written in English. All submitted manuscripts will go through the double-blind peer review and editorial review before being granted with acceptance for publication.
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Articles 651 Documents
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Anti-Aging Activities of Asparagus Gel Ethanol Extract in Cosmetic Gel Agent for Facial Skin Henny Safrita Ginting; Edy Fachrial; I Nyoman Ehrich Lister; Adek Amansyah
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 53, No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v53n3.2314

Abstract

Asparagus is a vegetable that contains phenolic compounds with antioxidant properties that scavenges aging-triggering free radicals. This study aimed to investigate the components and anti-aging potentials of Ethanol Extract form Asparagus (EEA). The study was performed in February 2020 at the Pharmacy Laboratory, University of North Sumatera. The EEA was obtained through maceration using 96% ethanol. An antioxidant assay was performed and the total phenol and flavodoid content were determined using the spectroscopic method. Three gel formulas with different concentrations of EEA was prepared (F1: 1.5%, F2: 2.5%, and F3: 3.5%), and F0 was used as control. The parameters evaluated were moisture, oil content, texture, collagen, wrinkle, pigment, sensitivity, and pore. The result showed that asparagus had a moderate antioxidant activity (IC50: 118,992) with the total phenol and flavonoid contents of 15,9407 mg GAE/g and 3,2286 mg QE/g extract, respectively. The highest aging activities was seen in F3 (3.5%), followed by F2 (2.5%) and F1 (1.5%). The percentage of moisture, oil, texture, collagen, wrinkle, spot, sensitivity, and pore recovery were found to be 40.15%, 49.73%, 71.76%, 17.70%, 70.93%, 49.34%, 42.56% and 25.31%, respectively. Hence, it can be concluded that the EEA Gel at the highest concentration (3.5%) has a high content of phenol and flavonoid which can improve the skin moisture, oil content, texture, collagen, wrinkles, spots, sensitivity, and pores, which promotes anti-aging activities.
Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) Patterns and Antibiotic Susceptibility in Surgical and Non-Surgical Patients in a Tertiary Hospital in Indonesia Dewi Kartika Turbawaty; Verina Logito; Anna Tjandrawati
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 53, No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v53n3.2396

Abstract

Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) in the hospital is found mainly in surgical patients, which increases morbidity and mortality. Currently, vancomycin is the drug of choice for the treatment of MRSA infections. The increasing use of vancomycin and its inappropriate administration may increase the resistance of S. aureus to vancomycin. This study aimed to describe the distribution of MRSA and types of antibiotics that are still sensitive to MRSA in surgical and non-surgical patients. This cross-sectional, observational, retrospective descriptive study was conducted at the Microbiology Laboratory, Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital, in 2019 using secondary data on the results of culture examination and antibiotic susceptibility of positive S. aureus culture isolates from all types of isolates from surgical and non-surgical patients. All specimens were cultured in appropriate media. Identification of S. aureus was performed by Gram staining to identify bacterial morphology, and automatic tools. Antibiotic susceptibility test was performed using an automatic machine. Seventy-five isolates (17%) were identified to be MRSA with 46 (53%) of them retrieved from surgical patients. Most of the MRSA isolates came from pus and were mostly due to skin infections. Antibiotic susceptibility results showed two Vancomycin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (VRSA) isolates from surgical patients. The positive culture of the MRSA and VRSA was dominated by surgical patients with pus coming from surgical wound infection, burn, and other skin infection as the most common sources. Thus, the proportion of MRSA isolates in the hospital in 2019 is 17% and two VRSA isolates are identified in the same year. The surgical ward was the primary origin of most MRSA isolates. Further studies are necessary to identify the MRSA incidence rate, evaluation and periodic monitoring of antibiotic use, and active surveillance in the surgical patient rooms.
Association between Refractive Error Types and Asthenopia in Primary School Students Vanessa Kuswanto; Felicia Kurniawan; Angela Shinta Dewi Amita
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 53, No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v53n3.2236

Abstract

Refractive error is a condition in which the cornea and lens fail to focus the light, resulting in reduced visual efficiency. Twelve million children are experiencing refractive errors worldwide and uncorrected refractive errors in children have been reported to cause asthenopia. This study aimed to determine the association between the types of refractive errors and asthenopia in children. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 111 students aged 10-13 years old in a public elementary school in Indonesia, SDN Penjaringan 10, in 2019. A questionnaire was used to assess asthenopia and the Snellen Chart, trial frames, and trial lenses were used for refractive errors examination. It was demonstrated that 87.4% of respondents experienced asthenopia, and 53.2% of respondents suffered from uncorrected refractive errors, mostly due to myopia. Fisher’s exact test results showed an association between refractive errors and asthenopia (p=0.019) with all myopic students experienced asthenopia. However, there was no significant association between astigmatism and asthenopia (p=0.754). In conclusion, not all types of refractive errors are associated with asthenopia.
Bacterial and Antibiotic Sensitivity Patterns in Patient Urine after Percutaneous Nephrostomy Steven Steven; Ferry Safriadi
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 53, No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v53n3.2312

Abstract

Percutaneous nephrostomy (PN) is a urine diversion procedure using a tube, stent, or catheter. Knowledge of bacterial sensitivity to antibiotics can guide the establishment of an appropriate and safe treatment to reduce the incidence of percutaneous nephrostomy-related infection (PNCI). The purpose of this study was to determine the suitability of antibiotics medication based on the results of bacterial culture and bacterial sensitivity test. This study was a retrospective descriptive observational study on medical records of patient diagnosed with obstructive uropathy who underwent PN in the period January 2017 to December 2019. A total of 20 bacterial isolates were classified as gram-positive bacteria isolates (16.53%) and 101 isolates presented gram-negative bacteria (83.47%). The most frequent gram-negative bacteria identified in these isolates were E. coli (n=42), Pseudomonas aeruginosa (n=22), and Klebsiella pneumonia (n=20). Meanwhile, Staphylococcus aureus was seen in ten isolates with gram-positive bacteria. Vancomycin antibiotics had the best sensitivity to gram-positive bacteria based on the antibiotic sensitivity tests. On the other hand, meropenem and amikacin had the best sensitivity to gram-negative bacteria (83.2%). This study showed that the most common bacteria identified from nephrostomy patients is E. coli with meropenem and amikacin as the most sensitive antibiotic for these patients. Thus, antibiotic therapy before and after PN procedure should be considered wisely to prevent resistant PNCI.
Effect of Mangkokan (Polyscias scutellaria) Leaf Extract on Blood Sugar Levels in Alloxan-Induced Male White Rats Sri Lestari Ramadhani Nasution; Awanis Awanis; Stiven Elsafarindo
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 53, No 3 (2021)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v53n3.2223

Abstract

Type 2 diabetes is a metabolic disorder caused by insulin resistance and is associated with oxidative stress. In Indonesia, the mean prevalence of diabetes ranges from 1.4% to 1.6%; however, some areas have a much higher diabetes prevalence such as Pekajangan (2.3%) and in Manado (6%). The 2013 Indonesian Basic Health Research (IBHR) stated that the number of people with DM in Indonesia has reached an alarming rate. This study aimed to determine the antidiabetic effect of Polyscias scutellaria on alloxan-induced male Wistar. This was an experimental study conducted in July 2020 in the Faculty of Medicine, Prima Indonesia University. This study used 25 rats that were grouped into 5 treatment groups: control group (Na-CMC), standard (Metformin), and 3 extract groups with different doses (125 mg/kg BW, 250 mg/kg BW, and 500 mg/kg BW). Mangkokan leaf extract was obtained through the maceration method. All ratswere induced intraperitoneally using alloxan monohydrate 10% at a dose of 175 mg/kg BW. The parameters used in this study were fasting blood glucose level before induction, after induction, and after treatment and body weight before treatment. It was observed that there was a significant change in blood glucose level between the extract groups. The blood sugar level in the 125 mg/kg BW group was 495.00 mg/dl while in the 250 mg/kg BW and 500 mg/kg BW, the blood glucose levels were 317.00 mg/dl and 126.00 mg/dl, respectively, with the 500 mg/Kg BW dose as the most effective dose (P-value = 0.001). Thus, mangkokan leaves have the potential to reduce blood glucose level but are not as good as the standard group.
Aspek Genetik Sindrom Nefrotik Resisten Steroid Rachmadi, Dedi
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 42, No 1
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar

Abstract

Sindrom nefrotik resisten steroid adalah sindrom nefrotik yang tidak mengalami remisi setelah diberikan terapi standar steroid. Sampai saat ini mekanisme resistensi terhadap steroid melalui dua hal, yaitu nongen yang berkaitan erat dengan dasar imunologis dan gen yang berupa defek primer pada barier filtrasi glomerulus. Dalam tulisan ini akan diungkapkan gen yang sudah diketahui terlibat dalam patogenesis terjadinya sindrom nefrotik resisten steroid. Gen ini menyandi protein yang membentuk struktur celah diafragma glomerulus. Bila terjadi mutasi gen ini akan mengakibatkan perubahan pada arsitektur celah diafragma glomerulus, yaitu terjadi pendataran foot processes podosit sehingga terjadi proteinuria berat. Sampai saat ini telah ditemukan delapan gen penyandi protein podosit, yaitu: NPHS1, ACTN4, NPHS2, CD2AP, WT1, TRPC6, LAMB2, dan yang paling ahir diketahui yaitu NPHS3. Protein yang disandi oleh gen-gen tersebut adalah: nefrin, á-aktinin-4, podosin, CD2-associated protein, Wilms' tumor, transient receptor potential 6, laminin â2 chain, dan phospholipase PLCE1. Manifestasi klinis sindrom nefrotik resisten steroid akibat adanya mutasi gen-gen ini umumnya lebih berat, onset terjadinya penyakit lebih awal, dan cepat mengalami perburukan menjadi gagal ginjal terminal. Aspek genetis sindrom nefrotik resisten steroid perlu diketahui untuk memperkirakan perjalanan dan prognosis penyakit.Genetic Aspect of Steroid Resistant Nephrotic SyndromeSteroid resistant neprotic syndrome are patients who showed no remission after standard therapy of steroid. Until now, steroid resistant mechanism occurs through two ways, that are non gene that related with immunologic based and gene related with primary defect on glomerular filtration barrier. This paper describes those genes known relate to the pathogenesis of steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome. These genes code glomerular slit diaphragm proteins. Mutation of these genes will cause changes on glomerular slit diaphragm architecture that is flattening of foot processes of podocyte which cause severe proteinuria. Recently, there are found 8 genes that code podocyte proteins: NPHS1, ACTN4, NPHS2, CD2AP, WT1, TRPC6, and LAMB2, last found is NPHS3 gene. Proteins coded by those genes are: nefrin, á-actinine-4, podosine, CD2-associated protein, Wilms' tumor, transient receptor potential 6, laminin â2 chain, and phospholipase PLCE1. Clinical manifestation of steroid resistant nephrotic syndrome caused by mutation of these genes generally severe, earlier onset of illness and worsen to end stage kidney failure. We need to know about genetic aspect of steroid resistant neprotic syndrome to predict the progression and prognosis of the disease. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v42n1.8
Agreement on Overt Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation in Sepsis Patients between International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis Criteria and Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare Criteria Dwika Audiyananda; Leni Lismayanti; Basti Andriyoko
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 53, No 4 (2021)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v53n4.2398

Abstract

Disseminated Intravascular Coagulation (DIC) is an acquired syndrome characterized by the activation of intravascular coagulation which is most commonly caused by sepsis. There are two types of DIC disease: overt and non-overt DICs. The International Society of Thrombosis and Haemostasis (ISTH) criteria are more frequently used in the diagnosis of overt DIC compared to Japanese Ministry of Health and Welfare (JMHW). One of the different parameters of the two criteria is the D-Dimer element in the ISTH criteria and Fibrin Degradation Products (FDP) in the JMHW criteria. The availability of fibrin-related markers is different in each health center. This study aimed to see the agreement of the DIC diagnosis based on the ISTH and JMHW criteria and to analyze the correlation between D-Dimer and FDP in sepsis patients to help clinician decide which criteria is better to use. An analytical cross-sectional study was carried out on patients with sepsis based on the clinical diagnosis from the laboratory order forms and the DIC criteria according to the ISTH and JMHW. Patients included in this study were those visiting Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung from August 2019-April 2020. Data collected were analyzed statistically using Cohen's Kappa test and Spearman test, both were performed in SPSS 17.0 program.There were 35 subjects participating in this study with overt and non-overt DIC with a composition based on the ISTH and JMHW criteria of 31 and 19 vs. 4 and 16, respectively. The Kappa coefficient between ISTH and JMHW was 0.266 (p 0.021) and the correlation between the D-Dimer and the FDP was 0.88 based on the Spearman test. There is a fair agreement on the DIC diagnosis and strong correlation between the FDP and the D-Dimer in sepsis patients when assessed using the ISTH and JMHW criteria. Both criteria are equally able to assist clinicians in determining the type of DIC depending on the type of fibrin-related markers available in the health centers.
Relationship between Knowledge, Attitude, and Behavior on Head and Neck Cancer among Health Workers and Community in Bandung, Indonesia Yussy Afriani Dewi; Ifiq Budiyan Nazar
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 53, No 4 (2021)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v53n4.2480

Abstract

Head and neck cancer is the sixth most common cancer in the world with increasing incidence and mortality in the last three decades. The hidden location of head and neck tumors and their atypical symptoms cause difficulties in diagnosis. Most patients are first diagnosed at an advanced stage. Several factors allegedly related to the incidence of head and neck cancer are knowledge and attitude of the public on early detection of cancer. This study aimed to determine the relationship between knowledge, attitude, and behavior of health workers and community towards head and neck cancer in Bandung, Indonesia. This was a cross-sectional analytical descriptive study using chi-square test as the statistical test. Subjects for this study were sampled using the proportional cluster random sampling on health care workers and community in 30 community health centers in Bandung City during the period of July–August 2019. Data were obtained through a questionnaire distributed to the subjects. This questionnaire included items on knowledge, attitude, and behavior towards head and neck cancer. Of the 650 respondents, most were 40-49 years old (25%), female (62,2%), patients (74%), high school (49%). The levels of knowledge and attitude have a significant relationship with the behavior of early detection of head and neck cancer (p=0.015). The awareness and knowledge of health workers and community on early detection of head and neck cancer are high in Bandung, Indonesia. 
Cut-off Score of Indonesian Version of Sensorimotor History Questionnaire for Preschooler and Soft Sign Cambridge Neurological Inventory against Intelligent Quotient Siti Aminah Sobana; Tiara Pramaesya; Uni Gamayani; Lisda Amalia; Suryani Gunadharma; Andi Basuki Prima Birawa
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 53, No 4 (2021)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v53n4.2420

Abstract

Early detection of Sensory Processing Disorder (SPD) is important for deciding on appropriate interventions for children at risk. However, there is no valid screening tool available at this moment. The purpose of this study was to validate the deGangi, Sensorimotor History Questionnaire for Preschooler (SHQP), and neurological soft sign of Cambridge Neurological Inventory (NSS CNI) against intelligent quotient (IQ) to establish a reliable cut-off for SPD screening tools for children aged 4–6 years. Sixty-four parent-child were recruited randomly from 3 kindergartens in Bandung, Indonesia. Eligible parents were asked to fill out the SHQP, while their child was assessed using theWechsler Preschool and Primary Scale of Intelligent (WPPSI) and NSS CNI. The deGangi SHQP score and NSS CNI showed a weak and moderate correlation with Full-scale IQ (FIQ). The total score of deGangi SHQP’s sensitivity was 50% with a specificity of 53.4% and a negative predictive value (NPV) of 91.2% agaisnt the FIQ score. The total sensitivity for the NSS CNI was 66.7%, while the total specificity was 58.6% and the NPV was 94.4%. Meanwhile, the sensitivity for the sensory integration subscale score of the NSS CNI was 83.3%, with a specificity of 60.3% and an NPV of 97.2%. The deGangi SHQP can be considered to be an SPD screening tool with the cut-off scores for each subscale of self-regulation, sensory processing of touch, sensory processing of movement, emotional maturity, and motor maturity of 3, 3, 3, and 2, respectively, while the NSS CNI can be used for identifying SPD in children aged 4–6 years with a cut-off scores for the motor coordination, sensory integration, and disinhibition subscales of 7, 10, and 3, respectively.
FLOTAC Technique for Soil-Transmitted Helminth Infection Diagnosis Helena Ullyartha Pangaribuan; Taniawati Supali; Heri Wibowo
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 53, No 4 (2021)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v52n4.2545

Abstract

Human helmintiasis is a neglected disease with significant economic impacts caused by its effects on performance and cognition. The burden of many helminth infections is not well understood due to the lack of progress in detecting low-intensity infection in elimination programs. Furthermore, the decision for individual and community treatments, as well as the community-based control program evaluation, obviously depends on the technics used for parasitological diagnostic. A well-established diagnostic technic will be beneficial to detect and eliminate the disease. Therefore, this study aimed to compare the performance of FLOTAC and FECT technics for detecting helminth infections in human stool. A total of 149 fecal specimens were collected from schoolchildren in Nangapanda village, Ende District, East Nusa Tenggara Province in 2012. The sensitivity of both technics was analyzed using the kappa analysis. Positive results from both technics were used as the gold standard. The sensitivity of FLOTAC for diagnosing T. Trichiura, A. lumbricoides and hookworm infections were 100%, 100%, and 82%, respectively, while the sensitivity of FECT was 80%, 7%, and 18%, respectively. FLOTAC yielded considerably higher mean faecal egg counts (11,452, 1,038, and 19 eggs per gram stool (EPG) for A. lumbricoides, T. Trichiura, and hookworm). FLOTAC technique was considerably more sensitive than FECT in diagnosing soil-transmitted helminth infections. In conclusion, FLOTAC can be used as a diagnosis tool for future helminth control programs.

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