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Majalah Kedokteran Bandung
Published by Universitas Padjadjaran
ISSN : 0126074X     EISSN : 23386223     DOI : 10.15395/mkb
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung (MKB)/Bandung Medical Journal publishes peer-reviewed original articles and case reports in basic medical research, clinical research, and applied medical science. This journal is published quarterly (March, June, September, and December) by Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran. Articles are original research that needs to be disseminated and written in English. All submitted manuscripts will go through the double-blind peer review and editorial review before being granted with acceptance for publication.
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Articles 639 Documents
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Kebijakan Outsourcing Penyelenggaraan Makan Pasien di Rumah Sakit Umum Daerah Sumedang Herawati, Dewi Marhaeni Diah; Nurparida, Ida Siti; Arisanti, Nita
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 46, No 4 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Prevalensi malnutrisi pasien rawat inap di rumah sakit cukup tinggi. Pelayanan gizi  diharapkan dapat mengatasi terjadinya malnutrisi di rumah sakit. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melakukan analisis terhadap kebijakan outsourcing penyelenggaraan makan pasien di Rumah Sakit  Umum Sumedang. Desain penelitian adalah mixed method dengan strategi concurrent embedded. Pengambilan sampel kualitatif dilakukan secara purposive sampling. Subjek penelitian adalah tim pelayanan gizi rumah sakit. Sampel kuantitatif  menggunakan stratified simple random sampling, diperoleh jumlah sampel 154 pasien. Pengukuran status gizi pasien menggunakan subjective global assessment. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan November sampai Desember 2012. Mekanisme penyediaan makan cukup  terstruktur dan jelas, meskipun masih ada Standar Operasional Prosedur (SOP) yang belum dimiliki katering seperti SOP untuk menu pasien anak-anak,  penyiapan logistik dan membersihkan peralatan makan pasien.  Beban kerja karyawan katering sangat tinggi dan rangkap tugas. Tim Panitia Asuhan Gizi (PAG) khususnya perawat dan petugas gizi dapat bekerja lebih baik, namun belum memiliki perencanaan stratejik untuk pelayanan gizi. Kapasitas tim PAG dalam pelayanan gizi belum optimal. Terdapat peningkatan gizi buruk dari 1,9% sebelum perawatan menjadi 13% setelah perawatan. Simpulan, penyelenggaraan makan dengan sistem outsourcing belum berdampak pada peningkatan status gizi pasien, namun mekanisme layanan asuhan gizi dan penyediaan makan menjadi lebih jelas dan lebih baik. Kata kunci: Analisis kebijakan, outsourcing, penyelenggaraan makanPolicy of Food Services Outsourcing  in Sumedang District HospitalAbstractThe prevalence of malnutrition remains high in hospital inpatients. Nutritional services can overcome such problem. This study aimed to perform a policy analysis of food service outsourcing in Sumedang District Hospital. The design of this study was a mixed method using a concurrent embedded strategy. The purposive sampling was chosen for the qualitative study in which the hospital nutritionist team members became the subjects. The sampling for the quantitative study was performed using the stratified simple random sampling. About 154 patients were selected as subjects. The subjective global assesment was used as the instrument. The study was conducted from November to December  2012.  The food service mechanism was well structured and clear even though there were missing Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) such as SOPs for pediatric patient menus, logistic preparation, and patient meal equipment cleaning. Catering employees had a very high workload and were multitasking. The Nutrition Care Committee Team may work better. There was no strategic plan for nutrition services. The capacity of the team was not optimum in terms of nutritional care. The proportion of malnutrition increased from 1.9% to 13% after hospitalization when compared to the pre-hospitalization condition. In conclusion, the outsourcing system for food services has no impact on patients’  nutrition status; however, it is apparent that a clear and better mechanism of nutrition care and food provision is needed.Key words: Food services, outsourcing, policy analysis DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v46n4.343
Ligasi dan Transformasi Gen MSP1 Plasmodium falciparum Penyebab Malaria di Kota Jayapura Mawardi, Arsyam; Ramandey, Euniche R.P. F.
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 49, No 4 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (484.5 KB) | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v49n4.1138

Abstract

MSP1 merupakan protein yang antigenik dan paling banyak diekpresikan pada permukaan merozoit ketika menginfeksi eritrosit pasien malaria sehingga banyak dikembangkan untuk desain terapi vaksin. Proses ligasi dan transformasi gen MSP1 merupakan upaya penggandaan gen untuk menghasilkan produk yang sama ketika diekspresikan. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkloning gen MSP1 P. falciparum  dari pasien malaria tropika di Jayapura menggunakan vektor pJET1.2/blunt dan sel kompeten E. coli DH5 sehingga didapatkan perbanyakan plasmid rekombinan yang mengandung gen MSP1. Darah yang positif mengandung P. falciparum diproses secara molekuler, diawali tahapan isolasi DNA genom, amplifikasi dengan teknik PCR, ligasi ke dalam vektor pJET1.2/blunt dan ditransformasi pada E. coli DH5α dengan metode Heat Shock Transformation, diakhiri dengan konfirmasi PCR untuk memastikan tersisipkannya gen blok 2 MSP1. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa konfirmasi keberadaan gen MSP1 dalam pJET1.2/blunt dengan PCR berhasil dilakukan. Dari total 10 koloni positif  yang ditumbuhkan dalam kultur cair, kemudian diiisolasi plasmid dan dikonfirmasi dengan PCR diperoleh pita hasil elektroferogram dengan ukuran sekitar 1049 bp yang menunjukan gen MSP1 dalam plasmid. Berdasar atas hasil tersebut, kloning gen MSP1 menggunakan vektor kloning pJET1.2/blunt dan sel kompeten E. coli DH5a telah berhasil dilakukan. Kata kunci: Heat Shock, ligasi, MSP1, P. falciparum, transformasi Malaria-causing MSP-1 Plasmodium falciparum Ligation and Transformation in Jayapura CityMSP1 is the most antigenic and expressed protein on merozoite surface when it infects the erythrocytes of malaria patients which leads to its use for vaccine therapy design development. The ligation and transformation process of the MSP1 gene is a gene duplication attempt for producing  the same product during expression. This study aimed to clone P. falciparum MSP-1 gene from tropical malaria patients in Jayapura using pJET1.2/blunt vectors and E. coli DH5a competent cells, to get the recombinant plasmid propagation of MSP1 gene. Blood that was positive for P. falciparum was molecularly processed, starting with genomic DNA isolation and then followed by PCR amplification, ligation into pJET1.2/blunt vector, and transformation into E. coli DH5α using the heat shock transformation method. The process was ended with PCR confirmation to confirm MSP1 gene insertion. The results showed that the presence of the  MSP1 gene in pJET1.2/blunt was successfully confirmed through PCR. From a total of 10 positive colonies grown in liquid culture,  plasmid was isolated. Electropherogram result presented bands  of about 1049bp, indicating the presence of the MSP1 gene in plasmid. Hence, MSP1 gene cloning using pJET1.2/blunt cloning vector and competent cell E. coli DH5α has been successfully performed. Key words: Heat shock, ligation, MSP-1, P. falciparum, transformation  
Uji Validitas Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin sebagai Penanda Diagnosis Gangguan Ginjal Akut pada Sepsis Hidayat, -; Parwati, Ida; Gondodiputro, Rubin Surachno; Rita, Coriejati
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 44, No 2 (2012)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Gangguan ginjal akut (GgGA) merupakan penurunan fungsi ginjal secara mendadak yang ditandai dengan peningkatan kreatinin serum ≥0,3 mg/dL atau meningkat >1,5 kali dari kadar sebelumnya atau penurunan urine output (UO) <0,5 mL per jam selama >6 jam. Sepsis merupakan penyebab tersering GgGA dengan angka kejadian berkisar 20–50% dan angka kematian mendekati 70%. Kadar neutrophil gelatinase associated lipocalin (NGAL) urine penderita GgGA dapat meningkat secara cepat dan lebih awal dibandingkan dengan kadar kreatinin serum sehingga NGAL dapat dijadikan penanda diagnosis GgGA. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui validitas NGAL urine sebagai penanda diagnosis GgGA pada penderita sepsis. Sebanyak 50 sampel urine diambil dari penderita sepsis di Unit Gawat Darurat (UGD), Intensive Care Unit (ICU), dan Medical Intermediate Care (MIC) di Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung selama Februari sampai Mei 2010 dan dilakukan pemeriksaan kadar NGAL urine dengan metode enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Data yang diperoleh dianalisis dengan uji nonparametrik Mann-Whitney, kurva receiver operating characteristic (ROC), dan uji validitas. Hasil penelitian didapatkan kadar NGAL urine penderita sepsis dengan GgGA lebih tinggi secara bermakna dibandingkan dengan penderita sepsis tanpa GgGA (3.380 ng/mL berbanding 116 ng/mL; p<0,001). Pada cut-off point 107 ng/mL, NGAL urine memiliki sensitivitas 100%, spesifisitas 36%, positive predictive value (PPV) 60,9%, negative predictive value (NPV) 100%, dan akurasi 68%. Simpulan, kadar NGAL urine memiliki validitas yang baik dan dapat dijadikan sebagai penanda diagnosis terjadinya GgGA pada penderita sepsis. [MKB. 2012;44(2):121–6]. Validity Test of Neutrophil Gelatinase Associated Lipocalin as Diagnostic Marker forAcute Kidney Injury on SepsisAcute kidney injury (AKI) is an abrupt decrease of renal function which marked by increase of serum creatinine ≥0.3 mg/dL or ≥1.5 times of previous level or decrease urine output <0.5 mL/hour in >6 hours. Sepsis is the most common cause of AKI with incidence rate is about 20–50% and mortality nearly 70%. Urine neutrophil gelatinaseassociated lipocalin (NGAL) level in AKI patients can increase quickly and earlier compared with serum creatinine and could be as a marker for AKI. The purpose of this study was to assess the validity of urine NGAL as diagnostic marker of AKI on sepsis patients. Subjects were 50 urine samples of sepsis patients from Emergency Department (ED), Intensive Care Unit (ICU) and Medical Intermediate Care (MIC) in Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung between February and May 2010 and were examined with enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Data analysis was performed by non parametric Mann-Whitney test, receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis and validity test.The results found that urine NGAL of AKI patients were significantly higher compared with non AKI patients (3,380 ng/mL vs 116 ng/mL, p<0.001). A cut-off point >107 ng/mL for urine NGAL had a sensitivity of 100%, specificity of 36%, positive predictive value (PPV) of 60.9%, negative predictive value (NPV) of 100% and accuracy of 68%. In conclusions, urinary NGAL level has good validity and could be used as a screening test for AKI on sepsis patients. [MKB. 2012;44(2):121–6]. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v44n2.131
KORELASI ANTARA VISUAL ANALOGUE SCALE (VAS) DAN PEAK NASAL INSPIRATORY FLOW (PNIF) SEBELUM DAN SESUDAH SEPTOPLASTI Tamus, Augustien Yuliet; Boesoirie, M. Thaufiq S.; Aroeman, Nur Akbar
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 47, No 3 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Deviasi septum merupakan keadaan yang sering terjadi, bervariasi dari ringan yang tidak mengganggu sehingga deviasi septum berat yang dapat menyebabkan obstruksi hidung. Diagnosis obstruksi hidung sangat kompleks dan bervariasi, selain berdasarkan anamnesis dan pemeriksaan fisis juga diperlukan pemeriksaan penunjang untuk pengukuran obstruksi hidung. Skor obstruksi hidung dengan menggunakan visual analogue scale (VAS) merupakan salah satu parameter untuk menilai obstruksi hidung secara subjektif, sedangkan secara objektif dengan peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF). Penelitian ini bertujuan menganalisis korelasi antara visual analogue scale (VAS) dan peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) sebelum dan sesudah septoplasti. Penelitian yang dilakukan adalah penelitian quasiexperimental pre and post test design, dengan pemilihan sampel secara consecutive sampling. Sampel penelitian diambil dari pasien yang datang ke Poliklinik THT-KL Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjadjaran/Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung periode Mei 2013?Juni 2014 yang memenuhi kriteria inklusi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan septoplasti memperbaiki gejala klinis pasien septum deviasi, didapatkan peningkatan nilai PNIF dan penurunan nilai VAS sesudah satu bulan dilakukan septoplasti. Simpulan, terdapat korelasi antara visual analogue scale (VAS) dan peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) sebelum dan sesudah septoplasti. [MKB. 2015;47(3):186?91]Kata kunci: Obstruksi hidung, peak nasal inspiratory flow, septum deviasi, septoplasti, visual analogue scaleCorrelation between Visual Anologue Scale (VAS) and Peak Nasal Inspiratory Flow (PNIF) Before and After SeptoplastyAbstractSeptal deviation is a frequently found state that varies from minor without interferences to severe cases of septal deviation that can cause nasal obstruction. Diagnosis of nasal obstruction is very complex and varies based on the anamnesis and physical examination due to the fact that  it also requires supports from nasal obstruction measurement results. Nasal obstruction severity is defined by using scores. Visual analogue scale (VAS) is one of the parameters used for assessing nasal obstruction subjectively while peak nasal inspiratory flow (PNIF) is used for objective assessment. This study aimed to analyze the correlation between  VAS and PNIF before and after septoplasty. This was a quasiexperimental study with pre- and post- test design. Sampling was performed using consecutive sampling method. Sample was taken from patients who visited ORL-HNS clinic of Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung in May 2013?June 2014 according to the inclusion criteria . The results showed that septoplasty improved the clinical symptoms in patients with septum deviation, increase  PNIF score, and decrease VAS score after one month. In conclusions, there is a correlation between VAS and PNIF before and after septoplasty. [MKB. 2015;47(3):186?91]Key words: Nasal obstruction, peak nasal inspiratory flow, septum deviation, septoplasty, visual analogue scale DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v47n3.601
EFFECT OF MODERATE INTENSITY EXERCISE ON BODY WEIGHT AND BLOOD ESTROGEN LEVEL OVARIECTOMIZED MICE Prasetya, Rizka Eka; Umijati, Sri; Rejeki, Purwo Sri
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 50, No 3 (2018)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v50n3.1368

Abstract

Estrogen is a hormone which is related to lipid oxidation, lypogenesis inhibition, and lipolysis rate. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of moderate intensity exercise on body weight and blood estrogen level in ovarectomized mice (ovx). The study was held in the Laboratory of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Airlangga during the period of April to May 2017 on old nineteen 3-4 months old female mice, , 20-30 grams of weight, which were divided into two groups: OVX (n=9, ovx without exercise) and OVX+E (n=10, ovx and moderate intensity exercise). Moderate intensity exercise in this study included swimming, three times a week at 3 pm for four weeks using a 6% of body weight load. Experiment data were analyzed by paired t-test and independent t-test using SPSS. The average body weights of the OVX  group were 26.44 ± 1.94 grams and 29.89 ± 2.62 gram at pretest and posttest, respectively., while for the OVX+E group, the weights were 26.50 ± 2.59 grams and 26.40 ± 2.07 grams. There were asignificant intergroup body weight differences (?OVX= 3.44 ± 2.55 gram and ?OVX+E= -1.00 ± 1.37 gram) with p=0.004. Blood estrogen level in OVX+E (12.04 ±10.13 ng/ml) was higher than in control (OVX= 11.24 ± 8.33 ng/ml); however, the difference was not significant (p=0.855). Moderate intensity exercise reduces body weight, without any significant increase in blood estrogen level. Hence, the body weight loss is not caused by estrogen, which may be due to the short period of exercise in this study that the estrogen has not had the time to increase.Pengaruh Olahraga Intensitas Sedang terhadap Berat Badan dan Kadar Estrogen Darah pada Mencit Ovariektomi Estrogen merupakan hormon yang berperan pada oksidasi lipid, kecepatan lipolisis, dan hambatan lipogenesis. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui pengaruh olahraga intensitas sedang terhadap berat badan dan kadar estrogen darah pada mencit ovariektomi (ovx). Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Biokimia Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Airlangga, April?Mei 2017. Sejumlah 19 mencit betina berusia 3?4 bulan, berat 20?30 gram, dibagi menjadi dua kelompok: OVX (n=9, ovx tanpa perlakuan) dan OVX+E (n=10, ovx dengan olahraga intensitas sedang). Olahraga intensitas sedang dilakukan dengan renang, tiga kali seminggu pukul 15.00 WIB selama empat minggu dengan beban 6% dari berat badan. Data dianalisis dengan paired t-test dan independent t-test SPSS. Berat badan OVX pra-tes 26,44±1,94 gram dan pascates 29,89±2,62 gram. Berat badan OVX+E pra-tes 26,50±2,59 gram dan pascates 26,40±2,07. Terdapat perbedaan bermakna berat badan antarkelompok (?OVX= 3,44±2,55 gram and ?OVX+E= -1,00±1,37 gram), p=0,004. Kadar estrogen darah OVX+E (12,04±10,13 ng/mL) lebih tinggi daripada konrol (OVX= 11,24±8,33 ng/mL), tetapi tidak berbeda bermakna (p=0,855). Olahraga intensitas sedang menurunkan berat badan, tetapi tidak bermakna meningkatkan kadar estrogen darah. Penurunan berat badan tidak disebabkan oleh estrogen. Peningkatan estrogen belum terjadi mungin disebabkan oleh waktu yang kurang lama.  
Hubungan Lama Obstruksi Usus, Warna dan Kejernihan Cairan Peritoneum dengan Kontaminasi Bakteri pada Hernia Inkarserata Sidabutar, Unedo M. H.; Sulthana, Bambang A.; Lukman, Kiki
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 44, No 4 (2012)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Hernia inkarserata merupakan salah satu kasus abdomen akut yang diakibatkan obstruksi usus karena jepitan cincin. Penelitian eksperimental pada hewan coba membuktikan bahwa terjadi kerusakan barier mukosa setelah 4 jam obstruksi total usus dan kerusakan total setelah 12 jam, sehingga terjadi translokasi bakteri ke luar lumen usus. Untuk menentukan kontaminasi bakteri dalam kantung hernia akibat translokasi kuman, dilakukan pemeriksaan kultur dalam cairan peritoneum. Tujuan penelitian untuk mengetahui hubungan lama gejala obstruksi, warna, dan kejernihan cairan peritoneum dengan kontaminasi bakteri sebagai akibat translokasi kuman pad penderita hernia inkarserata. Waktu penelitian bulan Oktober 2009–Juli 2010 di Instalasi Gawat Darurat Bedah Rumah Sakit Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung. Dilakukan penelitian potong lintang yang menganalisis hubungan lama obstruksi usus, warna dan kejernihan cairan peritoneum dengan positivitas kultur bakteri. Penelitian dilakukan pada 40 penderita, 36 laki-laki dan 4 perempuan. Lama inkarserasi rata-rata adalah 7 jam. Terdapat 11 kasus dengan kultur positif, dengan jenis bakteri terbanyak Staphylococcus (27%). Analisis statistik dengan metode chi-kuadrat dan analisis regresi logistik berganda menunjukkan hubungan lama obstruksi dan perubahan warna cairan peritoneum dengan kontaminasi bakterial (p=0,015; p=0,001) dengan rasio prevalens lama obstruksi >7 jam sebesar 3,63, namun tidak terdapat hubungan dengan kejernihan cairan peritoneum (p=0,078). Penelitian ini tidak dapat menentukan cut-off time karena tidak mengikuti perjalanan penyakit, namun belum dapat dibuktikan translokasi bakteri karena kultur yang didapat adalah kuman komensal kulit. Simpulan, terdapat hubungan lama obstruksi usus dan perubahan warna cairan peritoneum dengan kontaminasi bakteri pada hernia inkarserata, tetapi tidak terdapat hubungan dengankejernihan cairan peritoneum dan kultur bakteri positif dengan kuman kontaminan kulit tidak dapat membuktikan translokasi kuman pada penderita hernia inkarserata. [MKB. 2012;44(4):199–204].Kata kunci: Hernia inkarserata, kontaminasi bakteri, lama obstruksi usus, warna dan kejernihan cairan peritoneumRelationship Bowel Obstructions Color and Clarity of Peritoneal Fluid with Bacterial Culture in Incarcerated HerniaIncarcerated hernia is an acute abdominal case caused by bowel obstruction due to incarceration of hernia ring. An experimental study on animals proved that there was mucosal barrier damage after 4 hours of total bowel obstruction and total damage after 12 hours causing bacterial translocation. In order to determine contamination due to bacterial translocation in the hernia sac, culture was taken from the peritoneal fluid. A cross-sectional study in Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung was done during October 2009 to July 2010 to analyze the relationship between duration of obstruction, color and clarity of peritoneal fluid, and bacterial culture. There were 40 patients, 36 males and 4 females involved in this study. Mean incarceration time was 7 hours. There were 11 positive culture cases, mostly Staphylococcus species (27%). Statistical analysis with chi-square and multiple logistic regression test showed that there was correlation between duration of obstruction and color and clarity of peritoneal fluid with bacterial contamination (p=0.015, p=0.001) with prevalence ratio of >7 hours length obstruction was 3.63, but not with clarity (p=0.078). In this study we could not obtain exact cut-off time of bowel obstruction’s period with bacterial translocation because it did not follow the pathologic event. In conclusions, there is correlation between duration of obstruction, color and clarity of peritoneal fluid with bacterial contamination, but bacterial translocation can not be proven because only commensal bacteria of the skin was obtained from the culture. [MKB. 2012;44(4):199–204].Key words: Bacterial contamination, color and clarity of peritoneal fluid, duration of obstruction, incarcerated hernia DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v44n4.175
KORELASI ANTARA MODIFICATION OF DIET IN RENAL DISEASE (MDRD) DAN CYSTATIN C SERUM PADA USIA 40–70 TAHUN Jus, Jason; Irwanto, Ronald; Pusparini, Pusparini
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 48, No 3 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (60.104 KB) | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v48n3.605

Abstract

Pelaporan estimasi laju filtrasi glomerulus (eLFG) pada setiap hasil pemeriksaan kreatinin dianjurkan, walaupun saat ini tidak semua laboratorium mencantumkan pada hasil pemeriksaan. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) merupakan formula yang digunakan untuk mengestimasi laju filtrasi glomerulus menggunakan kreatinin serum. Cystatin C serum merupakan pemeriksaan yang relatif baru dan petanda yang baik untuk menilai fungsi ginjal. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui korelasi antara MDRD dan cystatin C serum. Penelitian ini menggunakan data sekunder dari 260 subjek penelitian usia 40?70 tahun yang memeriksakan kreatinin serum dan cystatin C serum selama periode Januari 2013?September 2014 di laboratorium klinik swasta di Jakarta Barat dengan desain potong lintang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa usia rata-rata subjek 55,7+7,8 tahun. Kadar cystatin C serum rata-rata 0,99 + 0,6 mg/L, MDRD 80,24±28,1 mL/min/1,73m2. Terdapat korelasi negatif antara MDRD dan cystatin C serum dengan r=-0,767, p=0,001 (uji Pearson). Disimpulkan bahwa semakin tinggi nilai MDRD, nilai cystatin C serum semakin rendah. MDRD dapat digunakan sebagai alternatif uji fungsi ginjal bila pemeriksaan cystatin C serum tidak tersedia. [MKB. 2016;48(3):129?34]Kata kunci: Cystatin C, eLFG, kreatinin, MDRD Correlation between Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) and Serum Cystatin C in 40?70 Years Old Reporting of the estimated glomerular filtration rate (GFR) in every creatinine test is suggested, despite the fact that every laboratory reports it in their result. Modification of Diet in Renal Disease (MDRD) is a formula that is used to estimate the GFR using serum creatinine. Serum cystatin C is a relatively new test and superior for assessing kidney functions. The purpose of this study was to show the correlation between MDRD and serum cystatin C. A cross-sectional study was conducted using secondary data from 260 subjects, aged 40?70 years old to assess serum creatinine and serum cystatin C at a private laboratory in West Jakarta, during the period of January 2013?September 2014. The result of the study showed that the mean age of subjects was 55.7+7.8 years old, the mean serum cystatin C level was 0.99 + 0.6 mg/L, and the mean MDRD was 80.24±28.1 mL/min/1.73 m2. Pearson correlation analysis showed a negative correlation between MDRD and serum cystatin C with r = -0.767 and p =0.001. In conclusion, higher MDRD presents lower cystatin C serum; hence,  MDRD can be used as an alternative renal function test when serum cystatin C is not available. [MKB. 2016;48(3):129?34] 
ERUPSI GIGI SULUNG PADA ANAK DENGAN RIWAYAT LAHIR PREMATUR, BERAT BADAN LAHIR RENDAH Soewondo, Willyanti Syarif; Effendi, Sjarif Hidajat
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 46, No 1 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Pertumbuhan dan perkembangan gigi merupakan bagian pertumbuhan dan perkembangan tubuh secara umum dan dipengaruhi faktor genetik dan lingkungan. Faktor lingkungan prenatal dapat mengakibatkan kelahiran prematur, bayi berat lahir rendah/BBLR, dan gangguan pertumbuhan perkembangan gigi. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui waktu erupsi gigi sulung pada anak lahir prematur BBLR. Penelitian ini adalah studi potong lintang dilakukan pada bulan Januari sampai Juni 2009 di Rumah Sakit Gigi Mulut Fakultas Kedokteran Gigi Universitas Padjadjaran/RSGM FKG Unpad. Subjek penelitian yaitu anak usia 4?30 bulan, riwayat lahir prematur BBLR, dan lahir normal sebagai kontrol. Erupsi gigi sulung ditentukan berdasarkan jumlah gigi yang telah erupsi. Dengan teknik pengambilan sampel consecutive admission diperoleh 137 anak; 49 anak lahir prematur BBLR (usia gestasi <37 minggu, berat lahir <2.500 gram) dan 88 anak normal (usia gestasi 37?42  minggu, berat badan lahir  >2.500 gram) sebagai kontrol. Dengan regresi korelasi linier dan uji-t student, hasil penelitian terdapat hubungan bermakna waktu erupsi dengan usia (p<0,01) Waktu erupsi gigi sulung pada anak lahir prematur BBLR secara bermakna lebih lambat daripada anak lahir normal (p<0,01). Simpulan, waktu erupsi gigi sulung anak lahir prematur BBLR lebih lambat daripada anak lahir normal. [MKB. 2014;46(1):34?8]Kata kunci: Bayi berat lahir rendah (BBLR), erupsi gigi sulung, lahir prematur Deciduous Teeth Eruption in Prematurely Born, Low Birth Weight ChildrenGrowth and development of the teeth are parts of growth and development of the body. It is influenced by genetic and environmental factors. Prenatal environment might cause premature birth and disturbances of teeth development. The purpose of this research was to find out the time of deciduous teeth eruption in premature born children with low birth weight/LBW. This was a cross-sectional study, conducted in January to June 2009 in Dental Hospital Faculty of Dentistry Universitas Padjadjaran. Subjects were children aged 4?30 months with prematurely born low birth weight and normal birth weight as control. The technique was consecutive admissions; 49 prematurely born LBW children (gestational age <37 weeks, birth weight <2,500 grams) and 88 normal children (37?42 weeks gestational age, birth weight >2,500 grams). Deciduous teeth eruption was determinated by the number of erupted teeth. Linear corelation regression analysis and t- student test were used in this research. The results showed that there was a significant correlation between deciduous teeth eruption and age, (p<0.01) and deciduous teeth eruption in prematurely born children with LBW was significantly delayed (p<0.01). In conclusion, deciduous teeth eruption in prematurely born LBW children was significantly delayed. [MKB. 2014;46(1):34?8]Key words: Deciduous teeth eruption, low birth weight (LBW), prematurely born DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v46n1.225
Efek Probiotik pada Kadar IgA Mencit Model Sepsis Prasetyo, Diding Heri; Purwanto, Bambang
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 42, No 4
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Probiotik berfungsi sebagai imunomodulator dan imunonutrisi pada penderita penyakit kritis seperti sepsis, tetapi mekanismenya belum diketahui secara pasti. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan efek pemberian probiotik pada kadar IgA mencit model sepsis di Rumah Sakit dr. Moewardi/Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta periode Juli 2009–2010. Hewan uji berupa 18 ekor mencit Balb/C jantan yang dibagi menjadi tiga kelompok. Kelompok I tanpa diberi perlakuan (kontrol negatif), kelompok II adalah mencit model sepsis yang diinokulasi dengan lipopolisakarida (LPS)-E.coli (0,4 mg/mencit/i.p.), dan kelompok III adalah mencit model sepsis yang diinokulasi dengan LPS-E.coli serta diberi probiotik. Kadar IgA serum diperiksa dengan menggunakan ELISA. Data dianalisis secara statistik dengan one way ANOVA. Kadar IgA serum pada kelompok mencit normal 35,82±4,55 ng/mL. Pemaparan LPS-E.coli menurunkan kadar IgA serum menjadi 6,20±5,80 ng/mL. Pemberian probiotik pada mencit model sepsis, mampu meningkatkan kadar IgA serum menjadi 65,07±34,97 ng/mL. Probiotik secara bermakna meningkatkan kadar IgA serum dibandingkan dengan kelompok mencit sepsis (65,07±34,97 ng/mL vs 6,20±5,80 ng/mL, p=0,000). Simpulan, pemberian probiotik meningkatkan kadar IgA serum pada mencit model sepsis. [MKB. 2010;42(4):175–80].Kata kunci: IgA, probiotik, sepsisThe Effect of Probiotic on IgA Level in Mice Model of SepsisProbiotic is useful as immunomodulator and imunonutrition in patients with critical illness such as sepsis, but the mechanism is not entirely clear. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of probiotic on serum IgA level in mice model of sepsis in dr. Moewardi Hospital/Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta period July 2009–2010. Eighteen males Balb/C mice were used and divided into three groups. Group I without treatment (negative control), group II which was mice model of sepsis inoculated with lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-E.coli (0.4 mg/mouse/ip), and group III was mice model of sepsis inoculated with E. coli LPS-and given probiotic. Serum IgA level was examined by ELISA. Data were analyzed statistically with one-way ANOVA. Serum IgA levels in normal mice group was 35.82±4.55 ng/mL. Exposing LPS-E. coli reduced the levels of serum IgA to 6.20±5.80 ng/mL. Administration of probiotics increased the serum IgA level to 65.07±34.97 ng/mL in mouse models of sepsis. Probiotics significantly increased serum IgA levels compared to mice model of sepsis group (65.07 ± 34.97 ng / mL vs. 6.20 ± 5.80 ng / mL, p = 0.000). In conclusion, administration of probiotics can increase the levels of serum IgA in mice model of sepsis. [MKB. 2010;42(4):175–80]. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v42n4.33
Efek Probiotik terhadap Mortalitas, Derajat Inflamasi Intestinal, dan Kadar IgA pada Mencit Model Sepsis Indrayanto, Yoseph; Prasetyo, Diding Heri
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 45, No 1 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Sepsis mengubah mikrobiologi saluran pencernaan, menyebabkan hilangnya flora komensal dan pertumbuhan bakteri patogen yang berlebih. Pemberian probiotik penderita sepsis dapat mengembalikan keseimbangan mikrobiota dan memiliki efek positif pada fungsi imunitas tubuh serta struktur dan fungsi gastrointestinal. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan efek pemberian probiotik terhadap mortalitas, inflamasi intestinal, dan kadar imunoglobulin A (IgA) serum pada mencit model sepsis. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimental laboratoris, dengan sampel 36 ekor mencit Balb/C jantan dibagi menjadi kelompok: kontrol, sepsis, dan sepsis+probiotik. Penelitian dilakukan di laboratorium Histologi dan Biomedik Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Sebelas Maret Surakarta,periode Januari–April 2012. Mencit Balb/C jantan diinjeksi cecal inoculum (200 mg/kgBB) secara intraperitoneal (i.p), untuk kelompok sepsis maupun sepsis dengan probiotik. Kelompok mencit kontrol tidak diinokulasi selama penelitian. Inflamasi intestinal ditentukan dengan pengecatan hematoksilin eosin (HE) pada hari ke-8. Mortalitas dinilai sampai hari ke-8. Kadar IgA serum ditentukan menggunakan enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Twotailed Fisher Exact Test untuk uji mortalitas, Kruskal-Wallis untuk uji inflamasi intestinal, sedangkan analysis of variance untuk uji kadar IgA serum. Persentase kematian kelompok probiotik tidak berbeda bermakna (10% vs 40%, p=0,065) dibandingkan dengan kelompok sepsis. Probiotik bermakna menurunkan derajat inflamasi intestinal dibandingkan dengan kelompok sepsis (p<0,001). Kadar IgA serum kelompok mencit kontrol 35,82±4,55 ng/mL. Probiotik secara bermakna meningkatkan kadar IgA serum (65,07±34,97 ng/mL vs 6,20±5,80 ng/mL, p<0,001) dibandingkan dengan kelompok mencit sepsis. Simpulan, pemberian probiotik menurunkan derajat inflamasiintestinal dan mortalitas, serta meningkatkan kadar IgA serum pada mencit model sepsis. [MKB. 2013;45(1):10–5]Kata kunci: IgA, inflamasi, probiotik, sepsis Probiotic Effects of Mortality, Degree of Intestinal Inflammation, and IgA Levels in Sepsis Mice ModelSepsis results in changes to the microbiology of the gastrointestinal tract, leading to a loss of commensal flora and an overgrowth of potentially pathogenic bacteria. Administering probiotics to sepsis patients may restore balance to the microbiota and have positive effects on immune function and gastrointestinal structure and function. This study was aimed to evaluate the effect of probiotic on mortality, intestinal inflammation and immunoglobulin A (IgA) serum level in mice model of sepsis. This study was an experimental research laboratory, with 36 male Balb/C mice were divided into: control, sepsis, and sepsis+probiotic groups. The study was conducted at Histology and Biomedical Laboratory, School of Medicine, Sebelas Maret University, Surakarta, in January to April 2012. Sepsis was induced in the male Balb/C mice using an intraperitoneally (i.p) injection of cecal inoculum (200 mg/ kgBW), for sepsis mice model and sepsis with probiotic. Control mice were not inoculation during the study. Detection of intestinal inflammation with hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining on 8th day. Mortality perceived until 8th day. IgA serum level measurement with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. Two-tailed Fisher exact test for the analysis of mortality, Kruskal-Wallis test for the intestinal inflammation, one way analysis of variance for IgA serum level. Probiotic showed no significantly mortality (10% vs 40%, p=0.065) compared to sepsis group. Probiotic showed significantly decreased intestinal inflammation compared to sepsis group (p<0.001). Control mice showed levels of IgA 35.82±4.55 ng/mL. Probiotic showed significantly increased IgA levels (65.07±34.97 ng/mL vs 6.20±5.80 ng/mL, p<0.001) compared to sepsis group. In conclusions, probiotic decrease intestinal inflammation and mortality, on the other hand increase IgA level in mice model of sepsis. [MKB. 2013;45(1):10–5]Key words: IgA, inflammation, probiotic, sepsis DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v45n1.95

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