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Majalah Kedokteran Bandung
Published by Universitas Padjadjaran
ISSN : 0126074X     EISSN : 23386223     DOI : 10.15395/mkb
Core Subject : Health,
Medicine & Pharmacology
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung (MKB)/Bandung Medical Journal publishes peer-reviewed original articles and case reports in basic medical research, clinical research, and applied medical science. This journal is published quarterly (March, June, September, and December) by Faculty of Medicine Universitas Padjadjaran. Articles are original research that needs to be disseminated and written in English. All submitted manuscripts will go through the double-blind peer review and editorial review before being granted with acceptance for publication.
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PENGARUH PAPARAN ARTEMISININ TERHADAP EKSPRESI GEN PART PADA PLASMODIUM FALCIPARUM GALUR PAPUA 2300 Plumeriastuti, Hani; Maslachah, Lilik; Nidom, Chairul A.
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 47, No 3 (2015)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Plasmodium  resisten terhadap artemisinin menjadi salah satu permasalahan kesehatan di dunia karena belum ada obat baru pengganti artemisinin. Resistensi P. falciparum terhadap obat antimalaria  artemisinin dapat terjadi karena dipengaruhi oleh faktor internal dari P. falciparum, antara lain induksi ekspresi gen yang mengekspresikan protein. Salah satu gen tersebut adalah gen Triptophan-rich Protein (PArt). Fungsi Triptophan-rich Protein penting dalam membrane-spanning protein dan berperan dalam folding protein untuk menjaga kontak hidrofobik. Penelitian ini bertujuan membuktikan overekspresi gen Triptophan-rich Protein P. falciparum galur Papua 2300 yang disebabkan oleh paparan artemisinin berulang in vitro. Waktu penelitian dilaksanakan bulan Februari sampai November 2013. Tempat penelitian di Rumah Sakit Penyakit Tropik dan Infeksi Universitas Airlangga. Desain penelitian yang digunakan adalah experimental design dengan post test only control group design. Kultur  in vitro P. falciparum galur Papua 2300 dibagi dalam kelompok kontrol (K) dan kelompok perlakuan paparan artemisinin berulang, yaitu paparan artemisinin ke-1 (PO1), paparan artemisinin ke-2 (PO2) dan paparan artemisinin ke-3 (PO3) menggunakan konsentrasi IC50. Ekspresi gen Triptophan-rich Protein (PArt) diukur dengan qRTPCR. Hasil menunjukkan paparan artemisinin berulang pada P. falciparum  dapat meningkatkan level ekspresi gen Part (2??CT) relatif terhadap kontrol. Simpulan, paparan artemisinin in vitro menyebabkan overekspresi gen  Tryptophan-rich Proteins(PArt) oleh promoter P. falciparum galur Papua 2300. [MKB. 2015;47(3):129?36]Kata kunci: Artemisinin, fenotip, gen Triptophan-rich Protein (PArt), P. falciparum galur Papua 2300 Effect of Artemisinin Exposure toward PArt Gene Expression in Plasmodium falciparum Papua 2300 StrainAbstract Artemisinin resistant Plasmodium  has become one of the worldwide health problems, since there is currently no new therapeutic medicine to replace artemisinin. Even though the mechanism of artemisinin resistance has not been clearly understood, the resistance of P. falciparum towards the antimalaria artemisinin may occur due to the influence of by the internal factors of P. falciparum, including the induction of the protein-expressing gene expression. One of the genes is the Triptophan-rich Protein (PArt) gene that is important in the membrane-spanning protein and plays a role in protein folding to maintain hydrophobic contact.. This study aimed to prove that  Triptophan-rich Protein overexspression in P. falciparum Papua 2300 strain may cause repeated artemisin exposure in vitro. This study was performed in a period from February to November 2013 in Infection and Tropical Diseases Hospital, Airlangga University. The design used was experimental study with post-test only control group design. In-vitro culture of P. falciparum Papua 2300  strain were divided into a control group (K) and treatment groups that were treated regularly with artemisinin, i.e. artemisinin exposure I (PO1), artemisinin exposure 2 (PO2) and artemisinin exposure 3 (PO3)  using IC50 concentration. The Tryptophan-rich Protein gene expression level was detected using  qRTPCR. The result showed that in vitro repeated artemisinin exposure in P.  falciparum  Papua 2300 strain  relatively increased the expression level of the Tryptophan-rich Protein (PArt) genes (2??CT)  when comparedwith control. In conclusion, in vitro artemisinin exposure may cause Tryptophan-rich Proteins (PArt) gene overexpression by P. falciparum  Papua 2300 strain promoter. [MKB. 2015;47(3):129?36]Key words: Artemisinin, phenotype, Triptophan-rich Protein (PArt) gene,  P. falciparum Papua 2300 DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v47n3.593 
CHARACTERISTICS OF ANEMIA IN CHILDREN WITH HIV INFECTION Ghozali, Mohammad; Adhi Sunjaya, Al Farizi; Indrati, Agnes Rengga
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 50, No 2 (2018)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (831.509 KB) | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v50n2.1236

Abstract

Anemia is a hematologic complication commonly encountered in HIV patients. Although the severity of anemia is generally mild, anemia has been shown to be a strong risk factor for disease progression, particularly in HIV infected person. With different severity and types of anemia in HIV patients, it is necessary to identify the severity and type of anemia in HIV-infected children, thus helping to determine the prognosis and management of their anemia. The purpose of this study was to describe HIV patient staging infection, co-morbidities, and type of anemia in HIV-infected children based on their therapy. A descriptive quantitative research was conducted in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung. Data were collected from patients? medical records diagnosed with HIV between 2015?2017. The severity of anemia was set according to World Health Organization standards in 2011 and the types of anemia were identified from the erythrocyte index on routine hematologic examination. Forty-seven of 73 children had anemia. Based on the severity of anemia, 26% mild anemia, 60% moderate anemia, and 15% severe anemia were found. Subsequently, hypochromic microcytic (40%), macrocytic (32%), and normocytic normochromic (28%) anemia were identified. Considering the direct and indirect mechanism to yield anemia in HIV-infected patients, this double sword symptom becomes the most common complication burdened the growth and development of HIV-infected children. This study made it even more pronounced. Key words: Anemia, Children, HIV Karakteristik Anemia pada Anak Terinfeksi HIVAnemia adalah komplikasi hematologi paling sering ditemukan pada pasien HIV. Meskipun tingkat anemia pada umumnya ringan, anemia telah terbukti menjadi faktor risiko kuat terhadap perkembangan penyakit. Terdapat perbedaan tipe anemia pada pasien HIV dengan etiologi yang berbeda pula sehingga perlu dilakukan identifikasi mengenai tingkat dan tipe anemia pada pasien HIV anak, yang pada akhirnya dapat membantu menentukan prognosis dan penatalaksanaan anemia pada pasien ini. Suatu penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif ini bertujuan mengetahuitingkat dan tipe anemia dengan mengklasifikasikannya berdasarkan komorbiditas pada pasien HIV/AIDS anak di RSHS tahun 2015?2017 menggunakan data rekam medik pasien pemeriksaan hematologi rutin. Tingkat anemia ditetapkan berdasar atas standar WHO, sementara jenis anemia dilihat dari indeks eritrosit. Sebanyak 73 pasien anak terinfeksi HIV, didapatkan 47 anak mengalami anemia. Tingkat anemia ditemukan anemia ringan (26%), anemia sedang (60%), dan anemia berat (15%). Tipe anemia yang ditemukan adalah normositik normokromik (28%), makrositik (32%), dan mikrositik hipokromik (40%). Tingkat anemia pada pasien HIV anak di RSHS pada umumnya adalah anemia sedang. Tipe anemia terbanyak pada penelitian adalah mikrositik hipokromik. Kata kunci: Anak, anemia, HIV
Kadar Laktat Darah sebagai Faktor Risiko Mortalitas pada Sepsis Neonatorum Leifina, Nadya; Yuniati, Tetty; Kartasasmita, Cissy B.
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 45, No 4 (2013)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Tolak ukur dini, bedside, dan parameter dapat tersedia di semua fasilitas kesehatan masih diperlukan untuk memantau perubahan metabolisme dan memperkirakan mortalitas pada sepsis neonatorum. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui laktat darah sebagai faktor risiko mortalitas pada sepsis neonatorum. Penelitian berupa kohort prospektif dan dilakukan di RS Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung periode September–November 2010 dengan subjek adalah sepsis neonatorum. Pemeriksaan laktat darah menggunakan alat accutrend® lactate Plus yang dilakukan pada awal diagnosis, 12 jam, 24 jam, dan 48 jam pertama perawatan; kemudian dilakukan follow-up sampai penderita meninggal, pulang, atau hidup sampai usia 28 hari pascadiagnosis sepsis neonatorum. Data karakteristik subjek, gejala-gejala klinis, dan hasil pemeriksaan laboratorium dianalisis dengan univariat. Hasil analisis p<0,25 dianalisis dengan regresi logistik. Nilai yang bermakna bersama dengan kadar laktat darah 12 jam dianalisis dengan cox proportional hazard model. Setelah dilakukan observasi terdapat 28 neonatus mengalami kematian dari 69 neonatus yang didiagnosis sepsis neonatorum. Berat badan lahir <2.500 gram (p=0,008), usia kehamilan <37 minggu (p=0,006), retraksi (p=0,010), dan waktu pengisian kapiler ≥3 detik (p=0,042) berhubungan dengan mortalitas. Hiperlaktatemia pada 12 jam meningkatkan risiko mortalitas tiga kali pada sepsis neonatorum (HR 3,062; IK 95%: 1,078–8,700). Kesimpulan penelitian ini adalah hiperlaktatemia 12 jam merupakan faktor risiko mortalitas pada sepsis neonatorum. [MKB. 2013;45(4):199–205]Kata kunci: Faktor risiko, laktat, mortalitas, neonatal, sepsis Blood Lactate Level as Mortality Risk Factor in Neonatal SepsisEarly, bedside, and readily available parameters to observe metabolic changes and predicted mortality in neonatal sepsis is still needed in every health facility. The aim of this study was to explore blood lactate as apossible mortality risk factor in neonatal sepsis. A prospective cohort study was held during the period of September–November 2010 involving newborns diagnosed as suffering from neonatal sepsis in Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung. Blood lactate was measured with accutrend® lactate Plus at admission and in 2, 24 and 48 hours of hospitalization. We performed univariate analysis on subject characteristics, clinical symptoms, and laboratory examination data. Results with p<0.25 were re-analyzed using logistic regression. Significant results along with the 12 hour blood lactate level were analyzed using cox proportional hazard model. Based on the observation, of the 69 newborns included in this study, 28 died. Statistic analysis showed significant correlation between mortality and birth weight <2,500 gram (p=0.008), gestational age <37 weeks (p=0.006), retraction (p=0.010), and capillary refill time ≥3 seconds (p=0.042). Hyperlactatemia in 12 hours increased the risk for mortality in neonatal sepsis (HR 3.062, CI 95%:1.078–8.700). It is concluded that hyperlactatemia in 12 hours is the risk factor for mortality in neonatal sepsis. [MKB. 2013;45(4):199–205]Key words: Blood lactate, mortality, neonatal, risk factor, sepsis DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v45n4.165
ASPERGILLUS FUMIGATUS PADA SPUTUM PENDERITA BATUK KRONIK MENGGUNAKAN METODE PCR DAN KULTUR Thristy, Isra; Siregar, Yahwardiah
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 48, No 2 (2016)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (288.224 KB) | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v48n2.760

Abstract

Kecepatan tumbuh jamur yang bertambah pada manusia dapat terjadi akibat berbagai penggunaan obat-obatan, alat-alat kesehatan invasif, juga terdapat faktor predisposisi berupa penyakit kronik yang berat termasuk penyakit keganasan. Aspergilus fumigatus merupakan salah satu spesies jamur sistemik yang dapat menginfeksi manusia. Penggunaan polymerase chain reaction (PCR) untuk mendeteksi jamur merupakan diagnostik yang optimal. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah menganalisis Aspergillus fumigatus menggunakan PCR dan kultur pada sputum penderita batuk kronik. Penelitian ini menggunakan 51 sampel sputum penderita batuk kronik yang berasal dari Rumah Sakit Haji Adam Malik Medan, periode Mei 2012?Februari 2013 diteliti dengan metode deskriptif cross-sectional. Sputum diperiksa menggunakan metode PCR dan dilakukan kultur sebagai gold standard pemeriksaan jamur. Hasil penelitian dari 51 sampel didapatkan pemeriksaan PCR positif 35 sampel (69%) dan PCR negatif 16 sampel (31%). Pada hasil kultur dijumpai kultur positif 29 sampel (57%) dan kultur negatif 22 sampel (43%). Simpulan dari hasil penelitian ini adalah dari 51 sputum penderita batuk kronik ternyata 69% mengandung jamur Aspergillus fumigatus dan keadaan ini diperkuat dengan hasil kulturnya. Pemeriksaan PCR dapat dipergunakan sebagai salah satu pemeriksaan jamur yang cepat dan tepat. [MKB. 2016;48(2):78?83]Kata kunci: Aspergillus fumigatus, batuk kronis, kultur, PCRAspergillus Fumigatus in Sputum of Patients with Chronic Cough Using PCR and Culture MethodAbstractThe increasing prevalence of fungal growth in humans may occur as a result of the use of various drugs, invasive medical devices, and also the presence of predisposing factors like severe chronic diseases, including malignant disease. Aspergillus fumigatus is a systemic fungal species that can infect human beings. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) is the most optimum diagnostic method to detect fungus. The purpose of this study was to analyze the presence of Aspergillus fumigatus by using PCR and culture method in sputum of patients with chronic cough.  The sample of this study consisted of sputum from 51 patients who visited Haji Adam Malik Hospital in Medan. The examination applied the cross-sectional descriptive method. Sputum was examined using PCR and culture as the gold standard fungal examination. The results from the 51 samples showed that positive PCR results (69%) were found in 35 patients and negative results were found in 16 patients (31%). The culture results showed that positive cultures were seen in 29 samples (57%) and negative cultures were found in 22 samples (49%).  it is concluded that from 51 patients with chronic cough sputum, 69%  turn out to have Aspergillus fumigatus fungus and this result is reinforced by the culture results. PCR can be used as a quick and precise inspection method for detecting fungus. [MKB. 2016;48(2):78?83]Key words: Aspergillus fumigatus, chronic cough, culture, PCR
COMPARISON OF HISTOLOGICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF DRIED AND FRESH AMNION MEMBRANES AND DURA MATER IN NON-HUMAN PRIMATE (MACACA FASCICULARIS) Indah, Astrina Rosaria; Bolly, Hendrikus Masang B.; Faried, Ahmad; Arifin, Muhammad Zafrullah; Achadiyani, Achadiyani; Wirakusumah, Firman Fuad
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 51, No 1 (2019)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (303.785 KB) | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v51n1.1651

Abstract

This study aimed to characterize the histological properties of dry-lyophilized amniotic membrane, fresh amniotic membrane (AM), and duramater membrane in search for a biologically-derived material suitable for meninges surface reconstruction. This descriptive study was conducted at the Unit-3 Laboratory of Animal Test of PT. Bio Farma (Persero), Bandung and Cell Biology Laboratory of the Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran Bandung. This study was conducted from 2018-2019. Fresh Macacafascicularis placenta from healthy donors,classified as specific pathogen-free for TB, SIV, SV40, Polio type 1,2,3, Foamy virus and Herpes B virus, were obtained from selected caesarean sections.The harvested dried and fresh AM and duramater membrane were stained with hematoxylin-eosin and prepared for characterization. Histological examination of dry-lyophilized and fresh AM showed similar results. Histologically, AM is represented by a single layer of metabolically-active cuboidal to columnar epithelium with microvilli firmly attached to a basement membrane and an avascular and relatively sparsely populated stroma. Meninges layers consists of 3 layers: duramater, arachnoid membrane, and piamater. Most of these cells have the same characteristics as fibroblasts, including long organelles and nuclei with various levels of fibril formation. The histological study of amniotic membrane and duramater membrane shows comparable results. The AM is a biologically-derived material suitable for meninges surface reconstruction since its histological structure is somewhat similar to that of the duramater. Its structure is ideal for replacing duramater since it has several characteristics, such as having hygroscopic properties, good biocompatibility, relatively easy to apply, and inexpensive. Key words: Dried and fresh amnion membranes, duramater membranes, non-human primate Karakteristik Histologis Membran Amnion Jenis Kering dan Segar dengan Membran Duramater pada Primata Non-Human Macaca fascicularisPenelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui karakteristik histologis membran amnion kering yang diliofilisasi, membran amnion segar, dan duramater, dalam rangka mencari bahan biologis yang cocok untuk rekonstruksi permukaan meninges. Penelitian deskriptif dilakukan di Laboratorium Hewan Uji PT. Bio Farma dan Laboratorium Biologi Sel FK Universitas Padjadjaran periode 2018-2019. Plasenta Primata non-human Macaca fascicularis segar dari donor sehat, yang bebas dari pathogen spesifik TB, SIV, SV40, Polio tipe 1, 2, 3, virus Foamy dan virus Herpes B, diperoleh dari seksio sesarea. Kemudian, dilakukan pewarnaan dengan hematoxylin-eosin untuk membran amnion kering dan segar, serta membran duramater untuk mengetahui karakterisasi histologisnya. Pemeriksaan histologis membran amnion kering-yang aktif bermetabolisme hingga kolumnar dengan mikrovili; melekat kuat pada membran basal dan stroma yang avaskular dan relatif jarang. Lapisan Meninges terdiri dari 3 lapisan: duramater, arachnoid dan piamater. Sebagian besar sel-sel ini memiliki karakteristik yang sama dengan fibroblas. Studi histologis membran amnion dan membran duramater memiliki struktur yang relatif serupa. Membran amnion adalah material yang secara biologis cocok untuk rekonstruksi permukaan meningen, karena struktur histologinya agak mirip dengan duramater. Oleh karena itu secara struktur, membran amnion ideal untuk menggantikan duramater karena memiliki beberapa karakteristik seperti sifat higroskopis, biokompatibilitas baik, mudah diterapkan, dan murah.Kata kunci: Membran amnion segar dan kering, membran duramater, primate non-human
MODIFIKASI METODE ISOLASI SEL ENDOTEL PEMBULUH DARAH OTAK (EPDO) TIKUS: TEKNIK DASAR KULTUR SEL PRIMER DI BIDANG NEUROSAINS Faried, Ahmad; Zafrullah Arifin, Muhammad; Sutiono, Agung Budi; Halim, Danny; Djuwantono, Tono; Achmad, Tri Hanggono
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 42, No 4
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Metode konvensional isolasi sel endotel pembuluh darah otak (EPDO) masih tergolong sulit, sehingga upaya mendapatkan populasi murni sel ini adalah tantangan. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan isolasi endotel dari tikus Wistar dan mencit C57/Bl6, berdasarkan protokol the care and use of laboratory animals, Universitas Gunma, Jepang. Modifikasi metode isolasi adalah menggunakan gradasi bovine serum albumin (BSA), bukan Dextran-70 yang umumnya dipakai, untuk memisahkan sel EPDO yang bersatu menjadi sel EPDO tunggal. Penelitian ini dilakukan di laboratorium sel kultur, Universitas Padjadjaran bekerjasama dengan Universitas Gunma, Jepang, Januari 2008?Juni 2009. Uji hasil isolasi dan karakteristik sel EPDO dilakukan dengan teknik imunofloresen. Ekspresi tight junction ZO-1, menunjukkan sel EPDO membentuk selapis sel utuh, rapat, tidak bertumpuk dan kompak, sesuai dengan karakteristik dinding EPDO. Fenotip sel EPDO dikonfirmasi dengan acethylated LDL, faktor von Willebrand dan CD31. Penghancuran kapiler dengan collagenase/dispase masih menghasilkan populasi sel yang terkontaminasi perisit. Kontaminasi dimurnikan dengan menggunakan puromycin, tingkat pemurnian sel EPDO mencapai 98,3%. Simpulan, teknik modifikasi berhasil mengisolasi sel EPDO tikus dan mencit, tanpa melakukan intervensi genetik. Puromycin dapat digunakan untuk memurnikan sel EPDO. [MKB. 2010;42(4):161?8].Kata kunci: Metode modifikasi isolasi sel EPDO, pembuluh sawar otak, teknik pemurnian Isolation Modified-Method of Mouse-Brain Microvessel Endothelial Cells: Primary Cell Culture Technique in NeuroscienceIsolation method to obtain pure BMVECs is hard to be done consistently and remains a challenge. In this study, we isolated BMVECs from Wistar rat and C57/Bl6 mouse from Japan SLC. All procedures performed according to guidelines for the care and use of laboratory animals of Gunma University, Japan. The modification of isolation method was using bovine serum albumin (BSA) gradation, not Dextran-70 in which generally used, to separate clusters of BMVECs into single cell. This study was done at Universitas Padjadjaran, in colaboration with Gunma University, Japan, January 2008?June 2009. Further,characteristic and purification results were proven by imunofluorescene staining. The results showed that staining of tight junction, ZO-1, formed a monolayer, tightly packed, non-overlapping and contact-inhibited BMVECs, as expected for a vessel wall endothelial. ECs phenotype confirmed by acethylated LDL, von Willebrand and CD31. The digestion of capillaries generated contaminating pericytes. Contamination was purified using puromycin and the results considered satisfactory (98.3%). In conclusion, our modification procedure allows the isolation of primary rat and mouse BMVECs, which form an endothelial-like monolayer in few days. Puromycin can be used for purification of primary rat and mouse BMVECs. [MKB. 2010;42(4):161?8].Key words: Blood brain barrier, isolation modified-method of mouse-BMVECs, purification methods DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v42n4.30
Daya Antibakteri dan Waktu Kontak Infusa Teh Hijau (Camellia sinensis) Terhadap Salmonella typhi Secara In Vitro Setiawan, Dione Margareth; Masria, Sadeli; Chrysanti, Chrysanti
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 42, No 2
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

The hijau (Camellia sinensis) memiliki beragam efek farmakologik, di antaranya sebagai antibakteri. Salmonella typhi penyebab demam tifoid, masih merupakan masalah kesehatan masyarakat di negara tropis terdapat 20 juta kasus dan 600.000 kematian per tahun di seluruh dunia. Penelitian ini ingin mengetahui daya antibakteri dan lamanya waktu kontak infusa teh hijau dari berbagai merek kemasan terhadap Salmonella typhi secara in vitro dengan menggunakan teknik difusi sumur, selanjutnya data dianalisis dengan ANAVA dan uji t-independen. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Padjadjaran, Bandung pada bulan Maret-April 2009. Hasil menunjukkan infusa dengan konsentrasi 40% (b/v) kemasan komersial Indonesia memberikan rata-rata diameter daerah hambat 3,376±0,334 mm dan 3,571± 0,217 mm pada kemasan Jepang (p<0,05); 0,707±0,000 mm pada konsentrasi di bawah 40% rata-rata daerah hambat. Tidak terdapat perbedaan antara kemasan Indonesia dan Jepang (p>0,551). Terdapat kekeruhan pada media cair Muller-Hinton dibandingkan dengan media kontrol pada konsentrasi di bawah 40% Teramatinya pertumbuhan koloni S. typhi pada agar Muller-Hinton konsentrasi 5% dan 10%. Tidak teramati penurunan jumlah koloni S. typhi konsentrasi kurang atau sama dengan 40% pada pengamatan waktu kontak 0 sampai 60 menit (p>0,05; á=0,05). Kesimpulan menunjukkan teramatinya daya antibakteri infusa teh hijau pada kemasan dengan konsentrasi 40%. Belum teramatinya daya antibakteri infusa dan pengaruh waktu kontak positif pada reduksi pertumbuhan koloni S. typhi pada kemasan dengan konsentrasi di bawah 40%.Antibacterial Activities and Time Contact Green Tea Infussion (Camellia Sinensis) Againsts Salmonella Typhi by In VitroGreen tea (Camellia sinensis) contains cathecin which has been reported to have various pharmacologic properties, such as an antibacterial agent. Salmonella typhi, as agent of typhoid fever, remains a public health problem in tropical countries; about 20 million cases and 600.000 deaths annually all over the world. Objectives of this research were to observe the antibacterial activities and contact time of green tea infusion againsts Salmonella typhi by in vitro experiment. The experiment took place in Microbiology Laboratory, School of Medicine, Padjadjaran University, Bandung, March-April 2009. Methods: In vitro laboratory analytic study has been conducted on green tea infusion of Indonesian and Japanese commercial package againsts Salmonella typhi. The study used agar well diffusion method and analyzed by ANAVA and t-independent test. Results: Only at concentration of 40% (w/v), Indonesian green tea infusion gave an average inhibition area of 3.376±0.334 mm diameter, and 3.571±0.217 mm on Japanese package, while below 40% were 0.707±0.000 mm with no differences between both packages (p>0.551). There has been observed any turbidity in all Muller Hinton liquid media on both packages compared with control medium, also any growth of Salmonella typhi collony in all Muller Hinton agar at concentrations below 40%. Green tea infussion on both packages has been observed to have antibacterial activities at 40% but neither been observed at concentration below 40%.DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v42n2.10
KORELASI KADAR 8-HYDROXY-2-DEOXYGUANOSINE (8-OHDG) SERUM DENGAN DERAJAT DEFISIT NEUROLOGIS PADA STROK ISKEMIK Liza, -; Parwati, Ida; Birawa, Andi Basuki Prima; Rachmayati, Sylvia
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 46, No 3 (2014)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Peningkatan stres oksidatif, sekresi radikal bebas pada strok iskemik dapat merusak inti sel neuron di otak. Peningkatan kadar 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) serum pada strok iskemik yang merupakan hasil interaksi radikal bebas dengan gugus C8 basa guanin menandakan kerusakan sel neuron otak yang tercermin pada penilaian defisit neurologis menggunakan skor The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengetahui korelasi kadar 8-OHdG serum dengan derajat defisit neurologis menggunakan skor NIHSS. Bentuk penelitian adalah observasional dengan desain penelitian potong lintang. Penelitian dilakukan di RSUP Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung pada bulan Agustus 2013 hingga Januari 2014. Subjek penderita stroke iskemik onset akut berdasarkan CT-scan. Analisis statistik menggunakan Uji Kruskal-Wallis, Uji korelasi rank Spearman?s. Sebanyak 72 subjek penelitian diperoleh median kadar 8-OHdG dalam serum dengan defisit neurologis ringan 3,9 ng/mL (3,3?12,0 ng/mL), sedang 23 ng/mL (8,0?51,0 ng/mL), berat 77,5 ng/mL (54,0-97,0 ng/mL). Korelasi kadar 8-OHdG serum dengan derajat defisit neurologis rs=0,912 (p<0,001). Simpulan, kadar 8-OHdG dalam serum pada stroke iskemik berkorelasi positif sangat kuat, dengan derajat defisit neurologis, hal ini dapat dipertimbangkan untuk digunakan pada keadaan ketidaksesuaian antara gambaran CT-scan dan klinis atau pada fasilitas kesehatan yang tidak mempunyai CT scan.Kata kunci: Defisit neurologis, stroke iskemik, 8-OHdG dalam serum Correlation between Serum 8-Hydroxy-2-Deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) and Neurological Deficits in Ischemic Stroke Increased oxidative stress and free radicals can cause neuron cell damage. Serum 8-hydroxy-2-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) concentration is the result of free radical interactions with cluster C8 guanine bases, which is used to assess the degree of neuron cells damage and the oxidative stress levels. Increased serum 8-OHdG concentration indicating brain cells damage is reflected in neurological deficits based on the The National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS). The aim of this study was to determine the correlation between serum  8-OHdG concentration and the degree of neurological deficit by NIHSS. This was an observational cross-sectional study. Seventy-two patients with acute ischemic stroke who visited Dr. Hasan Sadikin General Hospital Bandung during the period of August 2013 to January 2014 were enrolled. Statistical analysis was performed using Kruskal-Wallis test and rank Spearman?s correlation test. The mild neurological deficit median serum 8-OHdG concentrations was 3.9 ng/mL (3.3?12.0 ng/mL), moderate was 23 ng/mL (8.0?51.0 ng/mL), and severe was 77.5 ng/mL (54.0?97.0 ng/mL). Correlation of serum 8-OHdG concentration with neurological deficits in acute ischemic stroke rs=0.912 (p<0.001). In conclusion, serum 8-OHdG have a strong meaningful positive correlation with neurological deficits. Serum 8-OHdG concentration may be considered to be use in the assessment of discrepancy between CT scan and clinical symptoms and in health facilities with no CT scan facility.Key words: Ischemic stroke, neurological deficits, serum 8-OHdG DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v46n3.313
EKSPLORASI DOSIS EFEKTIF EKSTRAK ETANOL DAUN KIPAHIT SEBAGAI ANTIPIRETIK ALAMI Agustin, Firda; Andriyanto, Andriyanto; Manalu, Wasmen
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 49, No 3 (2017)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (303.585 KB) | DOI: 10.15395/mkb.v49n3.1124

Abstract

Tanaman kipahit merupakan salah satu tanaman yang berpotensi sebagai sediaan alami antipiretik. Penelitian bertujuan mengetahui dosis efektif ekstrak etanol daun kipahit (Tithonia diversifolia) sebagai antipiretik. Sebanyak 24 ekor tikus putih jantan galur Sprague?dawley dengan bobot badan 150?200 g dibagi menjadi 6 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan tersebut ialah tikus percobaan tidak diinduksi demam dan tanpa pemberian sediaan antipiretik (kontrol 0), tikus percobaan diinduksi demam tanpa mendapatkan sediaan antipiretik (kontrol ?), tikus percobaan diinduksi demam dan diberi sediaan ekstrak etanol daun kipahit (EEDK) dosis 100 mg/kg BB (perlakuan 1), 200 mg/kg BB (perlakuan 2), 300 mg/kg BB (perlakuan 3), dan 400 mg/kg BB (perlakuan 4). Induksi demam dilakukan dengan menyuntikkan vaksin DTP?HB?Hib dosis 0.2 mL/200 g BB IM. Pemberian EEDK dilakukan secara per oral pada 90 menit pascainduksi demam. Pengamatan dilakukan dengan mengukur suhu rektal tikus menggunakan termometer digital (tingkat ketelitian 0,1ºC) pada menit ke?0 (sebelum injeksi DTP?HB?Hib atau suhu normal), 90, 120, 150, dan 180 pascainduksi demam. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian EEDK mampu menurunkan suhu rektal tikus dibanding dengan kontrol negatif. Pemberian EEDK terbaik dalam menurunkan suhu rektal tikus percobaan terdapat pada dosis 100 dan 200 mg/kg BB. Simpulan, penelitian ini  menunjukkan bahwa daun kipahit memiliki aktivitas antipiretik. [MKB. 2017;49(3):139?44]Kata kunci: Daun, demam, ekstrak etanol, kipahit Exploration of Kipahit Leaf Ethanol Extracts as Natural AntipyreticsKipahit plant is one of the plants that have the potential to be used as natural antipyretics. This study was conducted to explore  the effective doses of ethanol extract of kipahit leaf (Tithonia diversifolia) as an antipyretics. Twenty four male sprague?dawley white rats weighed150?200 g were divided into 6 groups and replicated 4 times. The experiment included  experimental rats without fever induction and without administration of antipyretic substance (control 0), experimental rats with induced fever without administration of antipyretic substance (negative control), experimental rats with induced fever and  ethanol extract of kipahit leaf (EEDK) with various doses: 100 mg/kg BW (treatment 1), 200 mg/kg BW (treatment 2), 300 mg/kg BW (treatment 3), and 400 mg/kg BW (treatment 4). Fever was induced by injecting DTP?HB?Hib vaccines intramuscularly at a dose of 0.2 mL/200 g BW. Administration of EEDK was conducted orally at 90 minutes pos-injection of DPT?HB?Hib vaccines. The antipyretic effects of EEDK were observed by measuring rectal temperature by using digital thermometer (correction factor 0.1ºC) in 0 minute (before the injection of DTP?HB?Hib or normal temperature), 90, 120, 150, and 180 minutes post?fever induction. The result showed that the administration of EEDK decreased rectal temperature as compared to negative control. The optimum doses of EEDK administration that decreased rectal temperature were 100 and 200 mg/kg BW. It is concluded that the EEDK has an effect. [MKB. 2017;49(3):139?44]Key words: Ethanol extract, fever, kipahit, leaf
Karakteristik Dengue Berat yang Dirawat di Pediatric Intensive Care Unit Lukmanul Hakim, Dzulfikar D.; Garna, Herry; Winiar, Wiwin
Majalah Kedokteran Bandung Vol 44, No 3 (2012)
Publisher : Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran

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Abstract

Virus dengue dapat menyebabkan infeksi pada semua kelompok usia dengan manifestasi klinis beragam mulai dari asimtomatik, ringan, sampai berat yang biasanya merupakan kasus fatal. Dengue berat ditandai dengan kebocoran plasma, hemokonsentrasi, dan gangguan hemostasis. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui karakteristik penderita dengue berat yang dirawat di ruang Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) RS Dr. Hasan Sadikin Bandung sejak Januari 2009 sampai Desember 2010. Penelitian dilakukan secara retrospektif deskriptif berdasarkan data dari rekam medis penderita. Sebanyak 21 penderita dengue berat dirawat selama 2 tahun, 15/21 penderita perempuan dan 6/21 laki-laki, serta 5/21 anak meninggal dunia selama dirawat dengan sebab kematian tersering sindrom syok dengue (SSD) dan kogagulopati intravaskular diseminata (KID). Sebagian besar penderita berusia 1−5 tahun dengan status gizi baik. Hepatomegali ditemukan pada semua penderita dengan hematokrit rata-rata 38%. Pada penelitian ini, manifestasi klinis dengue berat berupa SSD (15/21), KID (11/21), ensefalopati (6/21), efusi pleura (5/21), miokarditis (3/21), serta acute respiratory distress syndrome (3/21). Simpulan, dengue berat lebih banyak didapatkan pada anak perempuan, usia 1–5 tahun, serta status gizi baik. Manifestasi klinis dengue berat yang dominan berupa syok, koagulasi intravaskular diseminata, dan ensefalopati. [MKB. 2012;44(3):147–51].Kata kunci: Dengue berat, karakteristik, pediatric intensive care unitCharacteristic of Severe Dengue Hospitalized in Pediatric Intensive Care UnitDengue viral infections affect all age groups and produce a spectrum of clinical illness that ranges from asymptomatic to severe and occasionally fatal disease. Severe dengue characterized by plasma leakage, hemoconcentration, and hemostatic disorder. The aim of this study was to know the characteristic of severe dengue patients admitted to Pediatric Intensive Care Unit (PICU) Dr. Hasan Sadikin Hospital Bandung during January 2009 to December 2010. This was a retrospective descriptive study based on the data collected from the medical records. Twenty-one severe dengue cases in two years were admitted 15/21 girls and 6/21 boys, and 5/21 of them died during hospitalization because of dengue shock syndrome (DSS) and disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC). Most of them were 1−5 years old with good nutritional status. Hepatomegaly was found in all cases with mean hematocrit was 38%. In this research, the most manifestation of severe dengue were DSS (15/21), DIC (11/21), encephalopathy (6/21), pleural effusion (5/21), myocarditis (3/21), and acute respiratory distress syndrome (3/21). In conclusions, severe dengue are more common in girls, 1–5 years old, and well-nourished children. The most common clinical manifestation of severe dengue are shock, disseminated intravascular coagulation, and encephalopathy. [MKB. 2012;44(3):147–51]. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.15395/mkb.v44n3.85

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