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BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology

biotropia
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Published by Southeast Asian Regional Centre for Tropical Biology

ISSN : 02156334 EISSN : 1907770X DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.11598/btb

Core Subject : Health, Science, Agriculture,

Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Biochemistry, Genetics & Molecular Biology Immunology & microbiology Veterinary

BIOTROPIA, The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology, is a scientific publication of the Southeast Asian Ministers of Education Organization (SEAMEO) – Southeast Asian Regional Center for Tropical Biology (BIOTROP). It publishes articles in the broad areas of tropical ecosystems and environmental impacts, biodiversity conservation and sustainable development and biotechnology.

Arjuna Subject : Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Semua) - Ilmu Pertanian dan Biologi (Lain-Lain)

Articles 520 Documents

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THE DISTRIBUTION AND POTENTIAL PROBLEMS OF MIMOSA PIGRA L. IN INDONESIA TJITROSOEDIRDJO, SRI S.
BIOTROPIA No. 2 (1989)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Mimosa pigra L. (Mimosa asperata L.) of the family Mimosaceae is an introduced species from South America which is locally naturalized in Indonesia. The present known distribution sites are still restricted to Java, Sumatra, and Kalimantan. It is found in almost all provinces of Java and many heavily infested areas have been noted in Jakarta and West Java. The introduction of the plant to other islands has not been reported yet. The separation of the islands by sea is preventing the further spread of the plant in Indonesia. Control is basically occasional and on an individual basis. There is no sustained effort yet to control the plant. The urgency of controlling and restricting its spread cannot be over emphasized.

THE OCCURRENCE OF INSECTS AND FUNGI, AND AFLATOXIN B CONTAMINATION OF STORED SORGHUM IN DEMAK AND WONOGIRI REGENCIES, CENTRAL JAVA DHARMAPUTRA, OKKY SETYAWATI; SANTI, SANTI AMBARWATI; INA, INA RETNOWATI
BIOTROPIA Vol. 18 No. 2 (2011): BIOTROPIA Vol. 18 No. 2 December 2011
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

The objectives of this study were to collect informations on the method of postharvesthandling of sorghum and to investigate the moisture contents, insects infestation, fungalinfection, and aflatoxin B contents of stored sorghum grains collected from various stagesof the delivery chain in Demak and Wonogiri regencies, Central Java. In Demak regencysorghum cultivation was monoculture, variety cultivated was UPC-S1. In Wonogiri regencysorghum cultivation was intercropping with secondary crop and cassava. Sorghum varietiescultivated were Kawali, Numbu, ZH30, Mandau and Hibrida hybrids. There was a differencebetween the method of postharvest handling of sorghum at farmer and collector levels inDemak andWonogiri regencies. In general the method of postharvest handling of sorghum inDemak regency was more appropriate and more advance compared to that in Wonogiriregency. The moisture contents of sorghum at farmer as well as at collector level in Demakregency (13.0%) and Wonogiri regency (12.9%) were still lower that that of normal (safe)moisture content of sorghum. The number of insect species associated with sorghum invarious distribution level in Demak andWonogiri regencies was 10 and 17 species, respectively.The dominant insects species were and . The number offungal species found in sorghum at various distribution level in Demak andWonogiri regencieswas 23 species, respectively. In general, the dominant fungal species were ,and . In Demak regency aflatoxin B contents of sorghum atfarmer and collector levels were 22.50 and 15.45 ppb, respectively, while in Wonogiri regency2.27 and 10.28 ppb, respectively.insects, fungi, aflatoxin B , stored sorghum, Demak and Wonogiri regencies,Central Java

Soil Microbial Population and Soil Enzyme Activity on PT Bukit Asam Various Reclaimed Land Sites in South Sumatra Tornando, Hengki; Hudi, Firdaus Alam; Prasetyo, Lilik Budi; Santosa, Dwi Andreas
BIOTROPIA Vol. 25 No. 3 (2018): BIOTROPIA Vol. 25 No. 3 December 2018
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Open mining activities result in decreased microbial biomass and negatively impact soil fertility. Soil microbes play a key role in the decomposition of soil organic matter and in nutrient cycling through mineralization mediated by the enzymes they produce. The purpose of this study was to analyze soil fertility levels at PT Bukit Asam’s various reclaimed land sites in Muara Enim Regency, South Sumatra, Indonesia, as determined by microbial populations and soil enzyme activity. The research was conducted using an explorative method across PT Bukit Asam’s reclaimed land sites. Soil samples from seven reclamation areas of different ages were analyzed. Our results showed that soil conditions and enzyme activity vary with reclamation age. At KTU, a 12-year-old reclaimed site, urease enzyme activity was 68.83 mg NH₄⁺·g⁻¹ dm·h⁻¹, with a microbial population of 82.64 × 10⁴ CFU·g⁻¹ soil. The highest phosphatase activity, 95.66 mg pNP·g⁻¹ dm·h⁻¹, was observed at the 9-year-old SP702 reclaimed site, with a soil pH of 5.23. Cellulase activity at the 21-year-old Udongan site was 21.51 mg GE·g⁻¹ dm·h⁻¹, with a cellulolytic microbial population of 1.9 × 10⁴ CFU·g⁻¹ soil, higher than at other reclamation sites. Invertase activity at the 15-year-old Tupak site was 24.37 mg GE·g⁻¹ dm·h⁻¹. Soil enzyme activity can serve as an indicator of soil quality and microbial activity, reflecting biochemical transformations in the soil and exhibiting high sensitivity to environmental changes.

THE EFFECTS OF MILLING DEGREE AND TYPE OF BAG ON FUNGAL INFECTION AND SOME CHEMICAL CONTENTS OF STORED MILLED RICE S.DHARMAPUTRA, OKKY
BIOTROPIA No. 10 (1997)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

The effects of milling degree and type of bag on fungal infection of stored milled rice were investigated together with some chemical contents (glucose, amylose, protein and total lipid contents), and changes in moisture content. Rice var. IR 64 with different milling degrees (85, 90, 95 and 100%) packed inÂ jute and polypropylene bags (1 kg of milled rice/bag) were stored under laboratory conditions with temperature between 24.3-27.3 C and relative humidity 52.6-81.9% for 3 months. The initial moisture content (m.c.) of milled rice was Â± 14%. Three replications (3 bags) were used for each treatment. Each bag was put individually and was arranged randomly on a wooden pallet. The results showed that in general, the increase of milling degree and duration of storage decreased the m.c. Type of bag did not give significant differences on the m.c.Â Twenty eight fungal species were isolated from rice with different milling degree and bag type during storage. The predominant species was Aspergillus Candidas. Total fungal population decreased withÂ theÂ increase of milling degree and duration of storage. Bag type did not give significant differences on totalÂ fungal population. In general, the increase of milling degree increased glucose content. Glucose content in milled rice packed in jute bag was higher than that in polypropylene bag. Glucose content tended to decrease with theÂ increase of storage duration. The increase of milling degree increased amylose content in milled rice. Amylose content of milled rice packed in jute bag was lower than that in polypropylene bag. The increase of storage duration decreased amylose content in milled rice. In general, protein content decreased with the increase of milling degree and duration of storage. 1 type did not give significant differences on protein content. TotalÂ lipid content decreased withÂ theÂ increase of milling degree and duration of storage. TotalÂ lipid content of milled rice packed in jute bag was lower than that in polypropylene bag, but based on chemicalÂ analysis the difference was not significant. Based on statistical analyses, correlation between the m.c. and total lipid content with total fungalÂ population was positive. There was no correlation between glucose, amylose and protein contents with total fungal population. Rice with high milling degree can be stored safely for long period, but it has low chemical (nutritional) contents. Key words:Â Â Milling degree/Bag type/Fungal infection/Chemical content/Milled rice.

Identification of Aspergillus flavus and Detection of Its Aflatoxin Genes Isolated from Peanut and Peanut Processed Products Nagur, Kemala S.; Sukarno, Nampiah; Listiyowati, Sri
BIOTROPIA Vol. 21 No. 1 (2014): BIOTROPIA Vol. 21 No. 1 June 2014
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Aspergillus flavus is one of the main fungi that are able to produce aflatoxin.The presence of the fungi and its aflatoxin are become serious problem on food safety. This research was aimed to isolate and identify A. flavus from peanut and its processed products collected from some traditional markets in Bogor, Depok and Jakarta, and detection of their aflatoxin genes. Fungal isolation was using AFPA media. Fungal identification was carried out by combining morphological and molecular analysis used species specific primers FVAVIQ1/FLAQ2 and AFLA-F/AFLA-R, while detection ofÂ aflatoxin genes employed four specific primers of apa-2 (aflR), nor-1 (aflD), ver-1 (aflM) and omt-1 (aflP). From 36 samples, the A. flavus group was only found in peanut kernels samples with viable count of specific colonies in the range of 0.01-5.52 x 10-4 cfu/g. The total 18 isolates were identified as A. flavus based on species specific primers FVAVIQ1/FLAQ2 and AFLA-F/AFLA-R by producing amplicons about 100 and 413 bp respectively. Based on aflatoxin gene analysis showed that all 18 isolates successfully amplified by both apa-2 and nor-1, 83.3 % by omt-1 and 72.2 % by ver-1 genes which taking part in aflatoxin production. The amplicons size of apa-2, nor-1, ver-1 and omt-1 Â Â primer pairs were about 1032, 400, 895 and 1024 bp respectively.

Use of Landsat Imagery to Map Spread of the Invasive Alien Species Acacia nilotica in Baluran National Park, Indonesia Sutomo, Sutomo; van Etten, Eddie; Iryadi, Rajif
BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 1 (2020): BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 1 April 2020
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

In the late 1960s, Acacia nilotica was introduced to Baluran National Park to establish fire breaks which would prevent the spread of fire from Baluran Savanna to the adjacent teak forest. However, A. nilotica has spread rapidly and has threatened the existence of Baluran Savanna as it has caused an ecosystem transition from an open savanna to a closed canopy of A. nilotica in some areas. This study is one of the few that examines A. nilotica invasion in Baluran National Park through remote sensing. Land cover dynamics were quantified using a supervised classification approach on Landsat 7 and 8 multi-spectral images. Results showed that savanna and A. nilotica can be recognized using a composite of bands 6, 5 and 3 of the Landsat 8 image. Across a 14-year period (2000-14), A. nilotica has spread far north and south from its originally introduced location, invading not only savannas but also dry forests in the Baluran National Park. The savanna size has decreased by 1,361 ha, meanwhile the A. nilotica stand has increased by 1,886 ha over this period. Spatial distribution of A. nilotica in Baluran National Park showed a clumped pattern. Acacia nilotica which develops into a homogeneous stand in the north-west and eastern parts of the national park occupied an area of 3,628 ha or about 14.5% of the total area. This study has demonstrated that remote sensing technology can be effectively used to estimate the patterns of distribution and amount of A. nilotica cover change over the whole Baluran National Park. This is one advantage of remote sensing and GIS, as it is difficult and expensive to make such direct assessments using the conventional approach of field survey and vegetation analysis.

Monitoring of Cacatua sulphurea abbotti Population in Masakambing Island, Indonesia Nandika, Dudi; Mulyani, Yeni Aryati; Prawiradilaga, Dewi Malia; Agustina, Dwi
BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 3 (2020): BIOTROPIA Vol. 27 No. 3 December 2020
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

The Critically Endangered Cacatua sulphurea abbotti is a unique subspecies of cockatoo, endemic to a single tiny Masakambing Island in Indonesia. Data procurement on the status and distribution of their wild population is urgently needed to determine the best conservation strategy for this species. Data were collected annually from 2008–2018 using a direct roost count method in a roosting tree. Only 10 cockatoos were recorded in 2008, but the number increased to 22 birds in 2018 (a 42.86% increase in a decade). The population was distributed across about 71% of the total area of the island, concentrated in the north-western part with a density of 1.56 (~2 birds/km²) in 2008, which increased to 3.44 (~3 birds/km²) in 2018. The zero-trapping policy enforced by the local government was likely effective in preventing population decline, although the population remains vulnerable due to nesting failure, presumably low genetic quality, and habitat destruction.

ESTIMATION OF SEAGRASS COVERAGE BY DEPTH INVARIANT INDICES ON QUICKBIRD IMAGERY Amran, Muhammad Anshar
BIOTROPIA Vol. 17 No. 1 (2010): BIOTROPIA Vol. 17 No. 1 June 2010
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Management of seagrass ecosystem requires availability of information on the actual condition of seagrass coverage. Remote sensing technology for seagrass mapping has been used to detect the presence of seagrass coverage, Â but so far no information on the condition of seagrass could be obtained. Therefore, a research is required using remote sensing imagery to obtain information on the condition of seagrass coverage. The aim of this research is to formulate mathematical relationship between seagrass coverage and depth invariant indices on Quickbird imagery. Transformation was done on multispectral bands which could detect sea floor objects that are in the region of blue, green and red bands. The study areas covered are the seas around Barranglompo Island and Barrangcaddi Island, westward of Makassar city, Indonesia. Various seagrass coverages were detected within the region under study. Mathematical relationship between seagrass coverage and depth invariant indices was obtained by multiple linear regression method. Percentage of seagrass coverage (C) was obtained by transformation of depth invariant indices (Xij) on Quickbird imagery, with transformation equation as follows: C = 19.934 â€“ 63.347 X12 + 23.239 X23. A good accuracy of 75% for the seagrass coverage was obtained by transformation of depth invariant indices (Xij) on Quickbird imagery. Â Keywords: seagrass coverage, depth invariant index

STRAIN DIFFERENCES IN TWO SPECIES OF CALLOSOBRUCHUS (COLEOPTERA: BRUCHIDAE) DEVELOPING ON SEEDS OF COWPEA {VIGNA UNGUICULATA (L.)} AND GREEN GRAM {V. RADIATA (L.)} RENNIE ROESLI
BIOTROPIA - The Southeast Asian Journal of Tropical Biology No. 4 (1991)
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Ovipositional behaviour, development period, and density effect on adult survival of C. maculatus strains fromÂ Indonesia, Nigeria, and Yemen, and C. chinensis strainsÂ fromÂ Indonesia and Kenya on cowpea and green gram were studied at 20Â°C and 70% relative humidity. Variations on ovipositional behaviour were found among C. maculatus as well as among C. chinensis strains. Variations on developmental period were found only among C. maculatus strains. The developmental period of Callosobruchus spp. was shorter on green gram than that on cowpea. Density effect was remarkably found only onÂ adult survival of C. maculatus Yemen strain. TheseÂ results makeÂ usefulÂ contributionÂ toÂ the speciesÂ biology,Â andÂ haveÂ importantÂ implicationÂ ifÂ strainsÂ ofÂ theseÂ speciesÂ areÂ accidentallyÂ importedÂ to countries, or when new legume crops are introduced.

Pollinator Diversity and Foraging Dynamics on Monsoon Crop of Cucurbits in a Traditional Landscape of South Indian West Coast Balachandran, C.; Chandran, M. D. Subash; Vinay, S.; Shrikant, Naik; Ranachandra, T. V.
BIOTROPIA Vol. 24 No. 1 (2017): BIOTROPIA Vol. 24 No. 1 April 2017
Publisher : SEAMEO BIOTROP

Studies on insect pollinator ecology and dynamics are rarely conducted in traditional Indian agricultural landscapes. Indiscriminate landscape modifications in rural areas and the increasing tendency toward crop monocultures may significantly affect pollinator habitats and effectiveness. This study aimed to observe insect pollinators, their visitation frequencies, and visitation timing on monsoon cucurbit crops such as Cucumis sativus L., C. pubescens Willd., Momordica charantia L., Trichosanthes anguina L., and Luffa acutangula (Roxb.) in a coastal village in Karnataka. The study also examined the significance of surrounding landscape elements in sustaining pollinator populations. Bees such as Apis dorsata, A. cerana, and Trigona sp. were the major visitors of all cucurbit crops, except snake gourd, which was primarily pollinated by lepidopterans. Insect species were found to partition floral resources with minimal overlap in their visitation times. Natural landscape elements—particularly the village forest and rocky savanna—provided important habitats for bees and lepidopterans. Prolifically blooming monsoon herbs on lateritic plateaus appeared to play a key role in supporting pollinator populations by providing nectar resources. These factors may contribute to the case study village being well known for its monsoon vegetables.

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Contact Name Knowledge Management Department

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Editorial Address SEAMEO BIOTROP Jl. Raya Tajur Km. 6 Bogor 16134 INDONESIA

Location Kota bogor, Jawa barat INDONESIA

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Contact Name
Knowledge Management Department

Contact Email
kmd@biotrop.org

Phone
+62251-8323848

Journal Mail Official
biotropia@biotrop.org

Editorial Address
SEAMEO BIOTROP Jl. Raya Tajur Km. 6 Bogor 16134 INDONESIA

Location
Kota bogor,

Jawa barat

INDONESIA