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Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 01261312     EISSN : 23563931     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.19106/JMedSci005303202101
Core Subject : Science,
Immunology & microbiology Neuroscience
Journal of the Medical Sciences (JMedSci) or Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran (BIK) is an international, open-access, and double-blind peer-reviewed journal, published by Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia. JMedSci aiming to communicate high-quality articles in the areas of biomedical science from basic to clinical sciences.The journal welcomes papers from original articles, case reports, reviews, and book reviews. All papers published in JMedSci are freely available as downloadable pdf files. The journal began its publication on March 1973 and published quarterly (January, April, July, and October). JMedSci is abstracted and indexed in DOAJ, Crossref, Google Scholar, Sinta, Indonesia One Search. JMedSci is accredited by Directorate of General Higher Education, the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education, Indonesia
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 2,170 Documents
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Primary screening of insecticidal efficacy of leaves and seeds of Annona muricuta Linn. against mosquito larvae in the laboratory Sugeng Juwono Mardihusodo Sugeng Juwono Mardihusodo
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 24, No 03 (1992)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Various species of plants are known to contain different active substances showing insecticidal activities and many of them could be utilized as the alternatives of chemical insecticides with long residual actions. •These studies aimed at elucidating the insecticidal actions of leaves and seeds of Annona muricula Linn. against Aedes and Culex mosquito larvae. The leaves, seed cores and seed walls of A. muricuta were prepared as 10% infusion, and after a serial dilutions of the stock ingredient was made, they were tested for their respective insecticidal actions against the larvae of. Ae. aegypti and Cr. quinquefasciatus under laboratory conditions for 24 and 48 hours.Final results analized showed that the leaves and seed cores of A. muricula in the form of infusion were insecticidal against mosquito larvae tested.Key Words: botanical insecticides - Annona muricuta Linn. Aedes aegypti - Culex quinquefasciatus - mosquito control
Epilepsi refrakter Harsono Harsono
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 28, No 03 (1996)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

In most patients with epilepsy the prognosis for seizure control is very good. However, about 10-20% of patients develop chronic or refractory epilepsy despite the advent of new antiepileptic drugs and intensive monitoring. Meanwhile, the definition of refractory or intractable epilepsy may vary, and a correct diagnostic work-up is of the utmost importance for the choice of treatment. Refractory epilepsy represents a challenge for both experimental and clinical research to obtain knowledge about why and how it develops and whether the condition can be prevented by early and adequate treatment. Definitions and epidemiology, experimental models, diagnostic evaluation, consequences, risk and costs, medical management, neurosurgery, and vagus stimulation are all important elements in managing refractory epilepsy. When dealing with therapy-resistant patients, a systemic step-by-step evaluation is essential. This includes: diagnosis, seizure/syndrome classification, aetiological considerations, review of drug treatment hitherto given, and evaluation of significant learning and psychosocial problems.Key words : refractory epilepsy - seizure - diagnostic evaluation - medical management - aetiological consideration
The different expressions of urokinasetype plasminogen activator, urokinasetype plasminogen activator receptor, and plasminogen activator inhibitor-1. Several scores of cell pleomorphism, number of mitosis and keratiniza Irianiwati, Ahmad Ghozali Totok Utoro
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 40, No 03 (2008)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Background: Urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) system plays important role in cancer invasion and metastasis. The real function of PAI-1 is to protect extracellular matrix from degradation. But, there are still arguments about the function of PAI-1. In colorectal cancer, breast cancer, and liver cancer, high expressions of uPA and PAI-1 are related to poor prognosis of the patients. In squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix, the role of uPA system in its relation with histological grading (consists of several scores of cell pleomorphism, number of mitosis and keratinization index) are still unclear.Aim: To find out the different expressions of uPA, uPAR, PAI-', and ratio of uPA!PAI-1 among several scores of cell pleomorphism, number of mitosis and keratinization index of cervical cancerMethods: Thirty five paraffin blocks of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix were grouped histologically based on the score of cell pleomorfism, number of mitosis, and keratinization index. The specimens were stained immunohistochemically with MoAb against uPA, uPAR, and PAI-1 with chromogen DAB and counterstain Meyer Hematoxyllin. The expression of uPA, uPAR, PAI-1, and ratio of uPA/PAI-1 were counted based on the number of positive expression tumor cells!100 tumor cells in five microscopic fields. The different expression of each variable will be analyzed with One Way Anova analysis.Result: There were statistically insignificant differences between the expressions of uPA, uPAR, PAI-1, and ratio of uPA/PAI-' based on the score of cell pleomorfism (p = 0.463, 0.731, 0.541, 0.460, respectively), keratinization index (p = 0.207, 0.062, 0.231, 0.576, respectively), and nlimber of mitosis (p = 0.359, 0.125, 0.428, 0.340, respectively) of squamous cell carcinoma of the cervix.Conclusion: The result suggested that the expressions of uPA, uPAR, PAI-1, and ratio of uPA/PAI-1 did not have important roles in cells pleomorfism, number of mitosis, and keratinization index of cervical cancer.Key words: uPA - uPAR - PAI-' - ratio of uPA!PAI-1 - cell pleomorphism - number of mitosis - keratinization index - cervical cancer
Bom Atom di Atas Hiroshima) Suatu Pengalaman Nyata Arifin Bey Arifin Bey
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 21, No 03 (1989)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

The author was one of the students from occupied territories in South East Asia studying in Hiroshima when the city was atomic bombed in 1945. Tokyo was carpet-bombed in 1944-45 and foreign students were spread to other relatively safe cities. Before August 1945 Hiroshima was never bombed, but air raid alarms sounded every morning. On August 6 after the alarm was cleared the author saw a "lightning" flashed through a classroom window, and the school building, 2 km from the hypocenter, suddenly crashed, After being unconscious for a while, he noticed that the sunny morning has turned into darkness.Outside, people were running in fear and aimlessly. Some showed bleeding and others had their clothes torn or burnt. The skin of quite a few people was torn off and hanging loosely like gloves. Everything in sight was flattened to the earth and some carts were on fire. The river was full with rafts and evacuating people. Many immersed themselves in the water to alleviate the extreme heat and repetitively asked for water to drink. Most people had no clothes any more and their skin ap• Reared red.Numerous people were walking among the dying and dead bodies looking for their relatives and friends. Identification was difficult due to the damaged face and decaying bodies. It took days to dispose the dead bodies by trucks. Ten days after the bombing, the students were brought to Tokyo, and here blood tests disclosed that some suffered from leucopenia. A Malayan student died in Kyoto during the trip to Tokyo.Key Words: atomic bomb-- Hiroshima -- medical effects of nuclear war -- thermal radiation -- shock wave
Leptospirosis Triwibowo Triwibowo
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 8, No 04 (1976)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Leptospirosis adalah penyakit vector-borne dan water-borne yang mernpunyai prevalensi tinggi terutama di daerah pertanian dan perkebunan di mana para pekerja banyak berhubungan dengan air dan lumpur. Gejala klinis sangat bervariasi mulai dari yang asimtomatik sampai penderita dengan gejala-gejala yang berat.Dilaporkan 2 buah kasus leptospirosis dari Rumah. Sakit Umum Tegalyoso, Klaten, seorang dengan gejala-gejala ringan, seorang lagi meninggal dunia sebelum mendapat pengobatan yang adekuat. Dibicarakan pula perjalanan klinik dan cara pemeriksaannya.
Death: clinical and forensic anthropological perspectives Etty Indriati Etty Indriati
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 35, No 4 (2003)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

All biological living beings inevitably die, and the ways to die vary although in essence death is a manifestation of the absence of Oxygen in the brain. After death, biological remains undertake proteolysis and decomposition. The aim of this article is to discuss clinical death, cerebral or medicolegal death, social death, phases of cerebral death, and biological process after death—which is important for forensic medicine and forensic anthropology. How long a person die, if the time elapsed is in minutes, hours, days and a week,-it is within the field of medical forensic and pathological forensic. If the time elapsed after death is in weeks, months, or years, it is within the field of forensic anthropology. The time elapsed from biological death to the examination of the death is called postmortem interval. Five case studies on postmortem interval are presented in this article. It can be concluded that knowledge of the biological process of death and the fate of biological remains after death are important for handling abnormal death both in forensic medicine and forensic anthropology.Key words: clinical death, cerebral death, postmortem interval, forensic medicine, forensic anthropology
Phagocytic activity of immunized-mouse peritoneal macrophages during Plasmodium berghei infection Mahardika Agus Wijayanti Mahardika Agus Wijayanti
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 31, No 04 (1999)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Background: Macrophage represents one of the cellular component of the immune system which plays an important role during malarial infection. Both the number and functional activities including phagocyte activity of these cells increase during the infection.Objectives: This study was carried out to investigate the phagocyte activity of peritoneal macrophages from immunized and non-immunized mice during P. berghei infection.Methods: Swiss mice were divided into two groups, one experimental group was immunized by crude vaccine P. berghei, one control group was not immunized. Phagocyte activity was measured by the ability of mouse peritoneal macrophages to phagocytes latex particles in vitro.Results: In non-immunized mice the percentage of macrophages which were phagocyte latex particles was increased during early infection, reached a peak of about 9 times of the normal level then declined until the mice died. In the immunized mice this activity was increased to reach a peak of about 11 times of the normal level and remained high until recovery.Conclusion: Phagocyte activity of immunized-mice peritoneal macrophages was significantly higher than those of non immunized. The increase of the phagocyte activity seemed to be correlated with the ability of mice to overcome the infection.Key words : Immunization - P. berghei - Effector cells - Macrophages - Phagocytosis
Toxicity testings of isolated Bacillus sp. against mosquito larvae in the laboratory Sugeng Juwono Mardihusodo Sugeng Juwono Mardihusodo
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 23, No 02 (1991)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Studies on the spectrum of insecticidal activities of any entomopathogens indigenously obtained from any mosquito larval habitats should be accomplished to realize its recpective degree of potency and specificity as a biological control agent.These studies aimed at testing of comparative toxicides of four bacilli isolates: B. sphaericus I (23A), B. sphaericus11 (51C), B. pumilus (25C) and B. cereus (142A) against Cul= quingu.efasciatus, Aedes aegypti and Anopheles aconitus larvae in laboratory conditions.Pathogenicity and toxicity testings were undertaken after the four bacilli isolates and their controls (B. thuringiensis H-14 and B. sphaericus 1593) being cultured in slant media or produced through fermentations with a defined medium (Prof Sam Singer) as final whole cultures (FWCs) and primary powders. Titrations of all primary powders produced were carried out against standard powders of B. t. H-14 (IPS 82) and B. sphaericus 1593 (RB 80).The results of the testings showed that:1. the four bacilli isolates were respectively pathogenic for Cx. quinquefasciatus, Ae. aegypti and An. aconitus larvae;2. the degree of sensitivities of the three species of mosquito larvae against the four bacilli isolates from higher to lower levels were Cx. quinquefasciatus, Ae. aegypti and An. am-nib's;3. toxicides of the four bacilli isolates were still much lower than that of either B. t. H-14 or B. sphaericus 1593, and4. results of the attempts of primary powder production with a Sam Singer's medium for the four isolates, B. I. H-14 and B. sphaericus 1593 were considered satisfactory.Key Words: entomopathogens - bacilli isolates - B. thuringiensisH-14 - B. sphaericus 1593 - biological
T cell and B cell reactivities of leprosy patients and their contacts against antigens or epitopes Mycobacterium leprae Hardyanto Soebono Hardyanto Soebono
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 27, No 03 (1995)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

This study was aimed at evaluating the T cell and B cell reactivity against Mycobacterium leprae antigens or epitopes among leprosy patients and their household contacts in the Indonesian population. Through this study, M. leprae epitopes (either protective or suppresive) will be identified and hopefully proved useful for the development of an effective leprosy vaccine in the future.Fifty-nine leprosy patients consisting of 34 tuberculoid type (TT/BT) and 24 lepromatous type (LUBL) at Dr. Sardjito General Hospital Yogyakarta and 50 household contacts were recruited for this study. After the informed consent was given, 20 ml venous blood was drawn from each subject for assays of the T cell and B cell reactivities. The T cell reactivity was tested by lymphocyte transformation (LTT) and the B cell reactivity was tested serologically by EUSA. M. leprae antigen, PGL-1 and some recombinant proteins (65 kD, 30 kD, 45 kD and 43 kD) were used as antigens in both assays. In addition, Phytohemagglutinin (PHA) and lnterleukin-2 (IL-2) were used as mitogens in the LTT. Statistical analysis was done by using One way ANOVA and Chi-square tests.The results showed that cellular immune deficiency in LUBL patients was found to be specific to the M. leprae antigen, but not to mitogens and other antigens. The T-lymphocyte of the patients (either TT/BT or LUBL) and healthy contacts demonstrated very low reactivities againts all recombinant antigens. On the other hand, the sera of LL/BL leprosy patients reacted significantly against all antigens, most strikingly against PGL-I and 43 recombinant protein of M. leprae. Whereas, the sera of TT/BT patients and healthy contacts showed no or least reactivity against those antigens. These data indicate that although in a small proportion M. leprae recombinant proteins of 65 kD, 30 kD, 45 kD and 43 kD are recognized by T-cell of leprosy patients and healthy contacts. These antigens contain more B-cell epitopes rather than T-cell epitopes. So, these antigens should be eliminated. as soon as a possible candidate in the development of any leprosy vaccine.Key words: leprosy - T-cell and B-cell - Mycobacterium leprae antigen - ELISA - tuberculoid and lepromatouse types
Sexual dimorphism of pelvic girdle: pelvimetry and pelvic types in Javanese Etty Indriati Etty Indriati
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 39, No 01 (2007)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Background: Each population has certain phenotypic traits that are unique compared to other populations. Pelvis's size and morphology are two of them. A western formula of obstetric conjugate = diagonal conjugate - 1.5 to 2.0 em; may not be applicable to Javanese population; and sexual traits in Western pelves may not entirely be the same with Indonesians.Objective: to get a formula for obstetric conjugate, and conduct various pelvic measurements in order to find out the metric pattern as well as the distribution of pelvic types in Javanese.Material and Methods: 27 pelves consisting of 6 females and 21 males housed at the Department of Anatomy, Embryology and Anthropology were studied by connecting the sacrum with the right and left pelvis forming pelvic girdles. Superior inlet, diagonal conjugate, angle of greater sciatic notch, diameter and width of pelves were among the metric studied.Results: Widely used traits such as greater sciatic notch that are used in Western literature to differentiate male and female pelves in Caucasian is not consistent for Javanese pelves. The most consistent skeletal traits for sexing female pelvis are wide subpubic angle (> 75 degree), preauricular sulci, flat posterior pubic symphisis, and short ischiopubic rami. The common type of ginecoyd pelvis in Javanese (48%) is in accord with western pelvis reaching 50%. Compared to the western obstetric conjugate, Javanese obstetric conjugate has a slightly different formula = diagonal conjugate - 1 to 2.6 cm.Conclusions: Several traits in sexual dimorphic of pelvic bone in Javanese do not match with skeletal traits widely used in Western literature, portraying the importance of studying regional human biological variation. The obstetric conjugate of Javanese pelves is not entirely the same with Western formula, though the difference is not significant.Key words: Javanese, pelves, sexual dimorphism, obstetric conjugate

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