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Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)
Published by Universitas Gadjah Mada
ISSN : 01261312     EISSN : 23563931     DOI : http://dx.doi.org/10.19106/JMedSci005303202101
Core Subject : Science,
Immunology & microbiology Neuroscience
Journal of the Medical Sciences (JMedSci) or Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran (BIK) is an international, open-access, and double-blind peer-reviewed journal, published by Faculty of Medicine, Public Health and Nursing, Universitas Gadjah Mada Yogyakarta Indonesia. JMedSci aiming to communicate high-quality articles in the areas of biomedical science from basic to clinical sciences.The journal welcomes papers from original articles, case reports, reviews, and book reviews. All papers published in JMedSci are freely available as downloadable pdf files. The journal began its publication on March 1973 and published quarterly (January, April, July, and October). JMedSci is abstracted and indexed in DOAJ, Crossref, Google Scholar, Sinta, Indonesia One Search. JMedSci is accredited by Directorate of General Higher Education, the Ministry of Research, Technology, and Higher Education, Indonesia
Arjuna Subject : Kedokteran - Kedokteran (Lain-Lain)
Articles 2,170 Documents
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Histoplasmosis prevalence among medical students of the faculty of Medicine Islamic University of North Sumatera and the association between pet animal and histoplasmin test. Azhar Tanjung, Azhar Tanjung
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 29, No 03 (1997)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

A cross sectional study was conducted at the Faculty of Medicine, Islamic University of North Sumatera (FK MU) Medan with the population of 169 medical students. It was found that the prevalence of histoplasmosis was 13.61% and there was no correlation between the gender with the histoplasmin test reactivity. The most precipitating factor of the prevalence for the positive histoplasmin test was pet animal. The other precipitating factors were found such as in bat, cave adventure and contact with wood environment. There was significant association between pet animal and the reactivity of histoplasmin test. In conclusion, the prevalence of histoplasmosis with moderate category is found in the young adult population group. The pet animal has significant possibility as the precipitating factors and its role is needed for further attention.Key words : histoplasmosis - histoplasmin test - prevalence - young adult - pet animal.
Hereditary ovalocytosis - molecular analysis of hereditary Southeast Asian Ovalocytosis (SAO) in Bangka, South Sumatra. Suryono Yudha Patria, Suryono Yudha Patria
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 34, No 01 (2002)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Background: Southeast Asian Ovalocytosis (SAO) is a hereditary asymptomatic hemolytic disease characterized by oval form erythrocytes. This morphology is rigid and related with resistency to several strains of malaria parasites. The underlying molecular genetic abnormalities include heterozygous state for mutant band 3 protein, a membrane anion transporters protein.Objectives: To characterize the SAO in Bangka, South Sumatra in molecular level, by analyzing the DNA genome of three generation family with polymerase chain reaction (PCR).Methods: The DNA genome extracted from dried blood filter paper was used as template PCR. A pair of primers was synthesized in accordance with exon 11 of band 3 gene. The PCR product was studied under UV after electrophoresis on EtBr stained 3% agarose gel.Results: Both mutant alleles showed as smaller band compared to normal allele in all 6 heterozygote SAO persons, but not in the normal 8 cases. Deletions were predicted removing nine amino acids of band 3 protein. The mutant protein was possibly carried by the ancestor from China.Conclusions: Hereditary ovalocytosis in Bangka, Sumatra Selatan was caused by specific mutation on band 3 gene which is common mutation occurred in SAO patients.Keywords: Bangka ovalocytosis - SAO - Band 3 protein - EPB3 gene deletion - PCR
Creatine-kinase concentration of the cerebrospinal fluid in childhood acute bacterial meningitis Fx. Wikan Indrarto, Fx. Wikan Indrarto
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 31, No 04 (1999)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Background: Acute bacterial meningitis is one of paediatric emergency cases which results in high morbidity and mortality. Diagnostic procedures using cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) are often unsatisfactory. A simple and rapid procedure is required for early diagnosis and prompt treatment.Objectives: The aims of this study were to assess total cerebrospinal fluid creatine-kinase (CSF-CK) level in childhood acute bacterial meningitis and to assess the diagnostic values of CSF-CK level compare with routine CSF analysis (i.e. cell count, morphology, chemical, C reactive protein and culture) which is accepted as diagnostic gold standard for acute meningitis.Materials and methods: All patients hospitalized in the Pediatric Department Sardjito Hospital for suspected acute bacterial meningitis in July-December 1998, underwent lumbar puncture. The level of CSF-CK and routine analyses were examined for diagnosis acute bacterial meningitis.Results: Forty five children with suspected meningitis were included in this study. CSF-CK 16 U/I had sensitivity 50%, specificity 80%, positive predictive value 42%, negative predictive value 85% and likelihood ratio 2,75. Mean of CSF-CK in childhood acute bacterial meningitis was 82,84 U/I.Conclusion : CSF-CK level was not sensitive, but it is a specific diagnostic test for childhood bacterial meningitis.Key words: acute bacterial meningitis - CK-CSF - diagnostic test
Effects of the dietary vitamin A against the effect of aflatoxin Hi on the vitamin A status of Rattus norvegicus rats Wiryatun Lestariana, Wiryatun Lestariana
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 31, No 01 (1999)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Background: Dichlorodiphenyl trichloroetane (DDT), polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) and polybrominated biphenyl (PBB) are carcinogenic substances and significantly decreased liver vitamin A in the animal studies. Liver vitamin A is influenced by dietary vitamin A and the condition of the liver. Aflatoxin Bi is a carcinogenic substance like DDT, PCB and PBB. Aflatoxin Bi is the environmental exposures problem in several tropical countries and liver are the main organ targets of the carcinogenicity of aflatoxin B1.Objective: To provide more extensive description of the effects of dietary vitamin A (deficient, adequate, fourfold adequate) against the effect of aflatoxin Bi (AFB1) on the vitamin A status of rats.Methods: Vitamin A status of animals was demonstrated by concentrations of liver and serum vitamin A. The subjects consisted of fourty eight male Rattus norvegicus rats in good general condition, 1-2 months old with body weight around 62-68.5 grams, were randomly divided into 12 groups of four rats each. Rats in group I to VI which were killed at the start of the experiment and were used as the initial condition of liver and serum vitamin A concentrations for the rats in group VII to XII. Vitamin A-deficient diets were given to rats in group VII and VIII. Vitamin A-adequate diets were given to rats in group IX and X, while vitamin A-fourfold adequate diets were given to rats in group Xl and XII. Rats in group VIII, X and XII were orally treated by an aplicator with 15g of AFB1 in 0.2 ml of propylene glycol everyday for 16 weeks. While rats in group VII, IX and Xl were treated without AFB1.Results: By analysis of variance, the results showed that the effects of interaction of dietary vitamin A and AFB1 demonstrated a very significant effect (p<0.001) on liver vitamin A and significant effect (p<0.05) in serum vitamin A concentrations. Dietary vitamin A itself demonstrated a very significant effect (p<0.001) in serum and liver vitamin A concentrations. While AFB1 demonstrated a significant effect (p<0.05) in liver vitamin A and significant effect (p<0.001) on liver vitamin A concentarations.Conclusions: Vitamin A status of rats given aflatoxin Bi were not only influenced by dietary vitamin A but also by allatoxin Bi treatment.Key words: dietary vitamin A - aflatoxin Bi - serum vitamin A -liver vitamin A - Rattus norvegicus rats
Effect of dietary vitamin A against the toxic effect of afiatoxin B, on the cytochrome P450 in the liver microsomal protein of Rattus norvegicus rats Wiryatun Lestariana, Wiryatun Lestariana
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 30, No 01 (1998)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Liver cytochrome P450 microsomal protein metabolizes certain xenobiotic compounds into reactive intermediates which covalently bind to DNA, RNA or protein of nucleus. The action of cytochrome P450 can be Influenced by nutrition status and environmental pollution. Aflatoxin Bi (AFB) is the environmental exposure problem in the countries with tropical climate. Aflatoxin Ell can also be oxidized by cytochrome P450 to DNA and protein - binding metabolites and can give rise to cell injury, mutation and cancer. The objective of this study is to Investigate the effect of dietary vitamin A (deficient, adequate, fourfold-adequate) against the toxic effect of AFBi in the liver cytochrome P450 microsomal protein of rats. Variance analysis of the result showed that the interaction of the vitamin A in the diet and treatment with AFB, had no significant effect. However the rats with dietary deficient and adequate in vitamin A, treated with AFBi showed significantly increased the cytochrome P450 (p< 0.001 I. The dietary fourfold-adequate in vitamin A was able to maintain the concentration of cytochrome P450 in liver microsomal protein of rats treated with AFB1 within normal range. It Is concluded that the effect of dietary vitamin A against the toxic effect of AFB, in liver cytochrome P450 microsomal protein of rats depends on the vitamin A concentrations in the diet consumed.Keywords: dietary vitamin A - aflatoxin Bt - liver microsomal protein - cytochrome P450 - Rattus norvegicus
The relationship of asthma with physical fitness of Junior High School students in Yogyakarta. Isri Muninggar, Isri Muninggar
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 34, No 02 (2002)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Background: The understanding on asthma and the patients daily quality of life remain an issue which still need to be elucidated. Information about the relationship between asthma and physical fitness is an important factor that has to be considered in the management of asthma patients.Objective: To examine the relationship between asthma and the physical activity and physical fitness, with regards to the factors influencing them, in junior high students in Yogyakarta.Research design: crosss sectional.Materials and Methods: The samples were part of a main research project on the prevalence of asthma in the population of junior high school students in Yogyakarta. The incidence of asthma was determined using a previously validated modified questionnaire from ISAAC, ATS 78 and Robertson. Cases were students diagnosed as asthma, and the controls were students without asthma. Cases and controls were matched for age, sex, and school year. The basic characteristics of the students and parents, daily circle activities, history of smoking, school grade and physical exercise, the time needed to run a 100 meters distance were obtained using a quesionnaire. Lung function tests were done before and after 10 minutes static bicycle exercise. Data are analyzed using student T-test and X2 test.Results: There were 219 students who fulfilled the inclusion criteria, consisted of 102 males (46.57%) and 117 females (53.43%). The case group (asthma) comprised 119 students while 100 students were the control group. There is no statistically significant difference between the average age of subjects in the case group (14.70 years) with the control group (14.62 years) (p=0.416). There were no statistically significant differences between the cases and controls concerning the school grade and physical exercise (p=0.243), the time needed to run 100 meters distance (p=0.959), daily activities, physical activities: athletic (p=0.511), game playing sport (p =0.342), bicycling (p =0.212), swimming (p=0.586), the ability to joint to physical activities/physical exercise. We also could not find statistically significant differences in the lung function test before: VC p=0.271, FVC p =0.694, FEV1 p=0.995, FEV1/FEC p=0.579, PEF 25% p=0.144, PEF 25-75% p=0.179, MVV p=0.340 and Ex. Time p=0.100, and after exercise using static bicycle for 10 minutes VC p=0.347, FVC p=0.805, FEV1 p=0.767, FEV1/FEC p=0.401, PEF 25% p=0.152, PEF 25-75% p=0.210, MVV p =0.310.Conclusion: There is no statistically significant difference in daily physical activities and school physical exercise activity between students in the asthmatic group and control group.Key words: Asthma physical fitness - physical activity - incidence of smoking - nutritional status - growth and development - lung function test
Comparison between vitamin E plasma level in diabetic retinopathy and normal person Tri Wahyu Widayanti, Tri Wahyu Widayanti
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 29, No 01 (1997)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Diabetic retinopathy is one of the late complications of diabetes mellitus. Recent data have suggested that free radicals possibly play a role in its pathophysiology. Oxidative stress is very high in hyperglycemic condition leading to increased lipid peroxidation of the phospholipid cell membrane. Vitamin E is a chain breaking membrane antioxidant which can prevent lipid peroxidation in the cell membrane. The study was aimed at determining vitamin E plasma level in diabetic retinopathy compared to healthy subjects. In this study vitamin E plasma level in 30 diabetic retinopathy patients and 30 healthy subjects were measured by using (HPLC) technique. The result showed that the mean of vitamin E plasma level in healthy subjects and patients with diabetic retinopathy are 5.09 ± 3.51 and 4.32 ± 2.75 µg/ml respectively (Student t-test, p > 0.05) Total lipid level has a significant influence in increasing the vitamin E plasma level with coefficient correlation r=0.9746 and p<0.01. Further studies are needed to clasify factors that influence vitamin E plasma levels.Keywords: vitamin E - diabetic retinopathy - oxidative stress - lipid peroxidation
Perinatal death risks of primipara at five District hospitals in Yogyakarta Haksari EL, Haksari EL
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 33, No 04 (2001)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Background: Perinatal death in Indonesia is still high and seems to be difficult to decrease. Beside the characteristics of fetus, neonates, social and environment, there are some maternal characteristics which may increase the risk of perinatal death.Objectives: To identify the risk factors of perinatal death on primipara and multipara.Methods: The data were collected from five district hospitals in Yogyakarta during 1995-1998. The maternal and birth outcome were studied as risk factors of perinatal death.Results: Analysis of multivariate logistic showed primipara aged 5 19 years old had increased Odds ratio (OR) twice as much; prolonged OR stagnated labour and other complications during delivery had increased OR three times as much, haemorrhage had increased OR four times, low birthweight had OR of 3.01 (2.05 -4.43) and preterm had OR 4.15 (2.76-6.16) for perinatal death. Low education and twin of primipara had increased OR twice and three times respectively in univariate analysis. Multipara had increased OR and death of multipara had OR 7.7 (2.0-29.3) for perinatal death.Conclusion: There was a strong association between haemorrhage of delivery, low birth weight and preterm on primipara and perinatal death. Death of multipara had increased OR for perinatal death.Keywords: perinatal death - risk factors - primipara - multipara - district hospital
The association of acety/ation status with the occurrence of autonomic neuropathy: Diabetic neuropathy cases study Samekto Wibowo, Samekto Wibowo
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 31, No 02 (1999)
Publisher : Universitas Gadjah Mada

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Abstract

Background: Acetylation is a type of drug metabolism pathway. People can be divided into two groups: rapid acetylators, i.e. those who will acetylate drugs (chemical substances) rapidly, and slow acetylators, i.e. those who will acetylate drugs (chemical substances) slowly. Many studies reported that slow acetylator become more succeptable to certain diseases compared to rapid acetylators. Neuropathy might occur in diabetes mellitus, with the following symtoms mononeuropathy, symmetrical peripheral polyneuropathy and/or autonomic neuropathy.Objective: To study the association between acetylation status with the occurrence of autonomic neuropathy on diabetic neuropathy cases.Methods: An analytical descriptive study involving 140 patients of diabetic neuropathy was conducted at Sardjito Central General Hospital, Yogyakarta, Indonesia.Results: Schellong Test confirmed a definite sympatic neuropathy in 11 (7,9%) patients. The examination of acetylation status revealed that 68% of patients were rapid acetylators, and 32% patients were slow acetylators. Among the patients with autonomic neuropathy, it was found that 64% were slowly acetylators, whereas only 36% were rapid acetylators. Among the patients without autonomic neuropathy, 30,5% were slowly acetylators, whrereas 69,5% were rapid acetylators: this distribution frequency was similar to the normal population.Conclusion: Slow acetylation status had significant association (p<0,05) with the occurrence of autonomic neuropathy. Key words: acetylation status - autonomic neuropathy - diabetic neuropathy - sympatic neuropathy - Schellong Test 
Computer tomography scanning of Homo Erectus crania Ngandong 7 from Java: Internal structure, paleopathology and post-mortem history Antoine Balzeau, Antoine Balzeau
Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran) Vol 35, No 3 (2003)
Publisher : Journal of the Medical Sciences (Berkala Ilmu Kedokteran)

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Abstract

Background: Computer Tomography scanning has recently been a tool for diagnosis of normal anatomy and pathology in medical sciences. The CT method has also been applied in ancient human skeletal remains and yield good results for researching the morphology, pathology, and postfossilization bone alteration. Paleoanthropological evidences exhibit that biological remains sometimes are fossilised, thus enabling the pursuit of scientific inquiries in regard to anatomy and biology of ancient humans.Aim of study: to know the morphology and anatomy of the crania including the internal structures that is not feasible in external bone study, such air pneumatisation, the shape of frontal sinuses, and thickness of the external table, diploe, or the internal table. This study also aims to know the mineralization distribution as a result of fossilization.Material and Method: The material in this study was a fossil crania of Ngandong 7 that belongs to the latest representation of the Homo erectus from Ngandong, East Java, Indonesia. Ng 7 is from the Late Pleistocene period dated about 27,000 to 100,000 years ago. The CT scan was conducted in the QuinzeVingts hospital, Paris, in January 2001. The method used is by applying a medical CT-based data in order to extract the maximum information concerning mineralization, internal cranial features, osseous distribution and disease. An adapted acquisition and analysis protocols are developed from the CT scan.Results: Mineralization of Ng 7 occurred during fossilization, causing the diploe to be thickened than normally in antemortem and prefosilization periods. Because of post-mortem transformation of the individual structures, many slices of CT scans were necessary. The internal structures showed ovoid shape of frontal sinuses, and well developed pneumatisation of the mastoid region. Cracks were detected as a result of postfosilization compressions. Lesions appeared on CT scan just posterior to the bregma in the form of eroded external table. This caused diffuse boundary between external table, diploe, and internal table due to homogenous mineralizationConclusion: It is concluded that the Ngandong 7 Homo erectus shares internal morphological similarities with other Ngandong and Sambungmacan fossils and presents lesions that might have caused by pathology during the life of the individual. The post-mortem history of this fossil appears to be composed of at least two distinct stages with osseous loss and fluvial transport, followed by taphonomic and diagenetic processes.Key words: Ngandong, Homo erectus, computer tomography, paleopathology, post-mortem history

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