Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn)
Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn) ISSN: 2089-9823, e-ISSN 2302-9277 is a multi-disciplinary, peer-refereed open-access international journal which has been established for the dissemination of state-of-the-art knowledge in the field of education, teaching, development, instruction, educational projects and innovations, learning methodologies and new technologies in education and learning. This journal is ACCREDITED (recognised) SINTA 2 by the Ministry of Research and Technology/National Research and Innovation Agency, Republic of Indonesia (RISTEK-BRIN) (Decree No: 60/E/KPT/2016). The EduLearn is indexed by ERIC Institute of Education Sciences (IES) of the U.S. Department of Education. The focus and scope of EduLearn includes the following topics: 1. Career development and training in education and learning: entrepreneurship curriculum, internship programmes, lifelong learning, technology transfer, training educational staff, university-industry cooperation, vocational training, workplace training and employability issues, etc. 2. Experiences in education and learning: curriculum design and development, educational management, educational trends and best practice contributions, enhancing learning and the undergraduate experience, experiences in game based learning, higher education area: the bologna declaration and ects experiences, learning experiences in higher and further education, learning experiences in preschool education, pre-service and in-service teacher experiences, quality assurance/standards and accreditation, special education, stem in education, transferring skills and disciplines, etc. 3. Experiences in education and learning research: academic research projects, research methodologies, links between education and research, new projects and innovations, etc. 4. International projects in education and learning: new experiences for the international cooperation, project outcomes and conclusions, university networks, exchange programmes and erasmus experiences, the internationalization of universities, funding programmes and opportunities, etc. 5. Pedagogical innovations in education and learning: learning and teaching methodologies, evaluation and assessment of student learning, accreditation for informal learning, new learning/teaching models, neuroscience in education, language learning innovations, collaborative and problem-based learning, personalized learning, tutoring and coaching, flipped learning, etc. 6. General issues in education and learning: education and globalization, multicultural education, impact of education on development, planning digital-age school and learning spaces, organizational, legal, policy and financial issues, leadership in 21st century education , barriers to learning (age, psychosocial factors, ethnicity...), ethical issues and plagiarism in education, access to internet: advances and problems, diversity issues, women and minorities, student support in education, funding programmes and opportunities, etc. 7. Computer supported collaborative work: augmented reality, collaborative virtual environments (CVEs), community building, computer-mediated communication (CMC) tools, social & digital media in education, web 2.0 and social networking: (blogs, wikis...), web 3D applications and virtual reality, etc. 8. E-content management and development: digital identity management, digital libraries and repositories, e-portfolios, intellectual property rights, knowledge management, learning analytics, open access education, security and data protection, user-generated content, etc. 9. Educational software & serious games: animation and 3D systems, computer software on education, educational multimedia and hypermedia, educational software experiences, educational/serious games, gamification, gaming consoles as learning tools, videos for learning (YouTube generation), etc. 10. e-Learning: blended learning, distance learning, educating the educators, e-learning for environmental sustainability, e-learning standards (SCORM), e-learning projects and experiences, e-moderating, e-tutoring & mentoring, intelligent tutoring systems (ITS), learning management systems (LMs), managed learning environments (MLEs), massive open online courses (MOOCs), mobile learning, online assessment, online/virtual laboratories, personal learning environments (PLEs), training, evaluation and assessment, virtual learning environments (VLEs), virtual universities, etc. 11. Emerging technologies in education: advanced classroom technology, best practices in multimedia-based education, BYOD (bring your own device) and 1:1 learning, flipped classroom, ICT for development, ICT skills and digital literacy, mobile and tablet technologies, new platforms to teach coding skills (arduino, raspberry PI,...), technology-enhanced learning, the impact of web technologies on education, web classroom applications, etc. Papers published in the three-monthly journal (Feb, May, Aug, and Nov): (1) report evaluation and research findings; (2) treat conceptual and methodological issues; and/or (3) consider the implications of the above for action; and/or (4) an extensive book reviews section and also occasional reports on educational materials and equipment.
Articles
1,387 Documents
Algeria’s educational paradox: a comparative analysis of expansion and quality in K-12 schooling
Oualid Zagaye;
Roumaissa Kalleche;
Houari Mansouri
Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn) Vol 20, No 4: November 2026
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama
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DOI: 10.11591/edulearn.v20i4.25899
This study investigates the enduring tension between quantitative expansion and stagnant learning outcomes in Algeria’s pre-university education system from independence in 1962 to the 2024/2025 academic year. By the 2024/2025 academic year, pre-university enrollment exceeded 11.7 million students, while Algeria ranked below OECD averages in PISA 2015 with only 360 points in mathematics. Using a historical–analytical methodology, it triangulates national statistics, international benchmarks (PISA, TIMSS, UNESCO, and OECD), and recent scholarly literature to identify systemic trends across six decades. Findings show that massive growth in enrollment, teaching staff, infrastructure, and financial investment has not translated into qualitative improvement. High repetition and dropout rates persist, while Algerian students consistently underperform in international assessments. The paradox is rooted less in financial limitations than in structural weaknesses: centralized governance, fragmented teacher professional development, and unstable curricular and language policies. The originality of this study lies in linking Algeria’s long-term expansion to regional comparators (Tunisia and Morocco) and international cases (e.g., Vietnam), demonstrating how governance, teacher professionalization, and language policy reforms mediate the expansion-quality relationship. The contribution is to frame Algeria’s paradox within the broader Global South learning crisis, offering comparative insights for policymakers. The study concludes that sustainable progress requires a systemic shift from input-driven strategies to outcome-oriented reforms centered on distributed governance, continuous teacher training, curricular coherence, and gradual language policy implementation.
Prophetic sufism in Muhammadiyah: Tuan Guru Haris’ education model
Palahuddin Palahuddin;
Mhd. Lailan Arqam;
Asno Azzawagama Firdaus;
Moh. Juhad
Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn) Vol 20, No 4: November 2026
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama
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DOI: 10.11591/edulearn.v20i4.26101
This study examines how prophetic sufism is embodied and pedagogically transmitted within Muhammadiyah through the life and educational practices of Tuan Guru Haji (TGH) Haris in Lombok, Indonesia. It aims to demonstrate how spirituality operates as a lived, community-based learning model rather than merely a theological discourse. The research employed a qualitative life-history design with a historical-critical-philosophical orientation. Data were collected through manuscript analysis, observation, literature review, and in-depth interviews with six purposively selected informants representing familial, organizational, and community perspectives. Data were analyzed using the Miles-Huberman interactive model, including reduction, display, and verification through triangulation. The findings reveal that TGH Haris practiced prophetic sufism as an embodied pedagogical framework grounded in ikhlas (sincerity), kana’ah (contentment), and khauf (fear of God). His berugak (traditional Sasak pavilion) functioned as an informal learning center characterized by dialogical interaction, experiential teaching, and community-based moral formation. Spiritual values were transmitted through exemplarity, relational authority, and everyday engagement rather than institutionalized mystical structures. This study demonstrates that prophetic sufism operates as a practical Islamic pedagogical model integrating reformist theology, ethical discipline, and informal community learning. It contributes empirically grounded insights into how spirituality is enacted and reproduced within Muhammadiyah’s grassroots educational context.
Development and validation of an education for sustainable development integrated STEM module
Mohd Loqmanul Hakim Kamaruldzaman;
Kamisah Osman;
Siti Nur Diyana Mahmud
Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn) Vol 20, No 4: November 2026
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama
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DOI: 10.11591/edulearn.v20i4.25273
Education for sustainable development (ESD) faces significant implementation challenges in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM) classrooms, including limited hands-on learning tools, disconnected curricula, and insufficient teacher training in sustainability integration. This study addresses these gaps by developing and evaluating the ESD I-STEM module, a novel approach that integrates ESD, STEM, and digital learning tools to teach biodiversity. Designed using the ASSURE instructional model and adopting a mixed-methods design, the module incorporates digital comics, interactive games, digital posters, and problem-based learning (PBL) to enhance student engagement, digital literacy, and sustainability awareness. Expert validation by eight specialists confirmed the module’s excellent content validity (95%), significantly exceeding standard benchmarks. Reliability analysis of student responses showed strong internal consistency (Cronbach’s alpha=0.820). Practical implementation revealed high usability, with mean evaluation scores ranging from 4.43 to 4.93 on a 5-point Likert scale. The ESD I-STEM module effectively addresses key gaps in sustainability education through a well-validated and classroom-ready framework for ESD-STEM integration. Results demonstrate its effectiveness as a rigorously tested and usable educational resource that promotes meaningful engagement with sustainability concepts while supporting STEM learning objectives. This study offers educators a proven model for delivering integrated ESD-STEM instruction that prepares students to address real world environmental challenges.
Towards a contextual digital competence framework for assessing citizens’ digital proficiency
Ajibola Victor Omoniyi;
Hamimah Ujir
Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn) Vol 20, No 4: November 2026
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama
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DOI: 10.11591/edulearn.v20i4.23319
This study aims to develop a contextualized digital competence (DC) framework for assessing citizens’ digital proficiency and addressing DC disparities among citizens of Sarawak, Malaysia. A qualitative research approach, which comprises contextual analysis, stakeholder engagement, and content validation and refinement, was used to achieve the study objective. Findings from the contextual analysis highlighted significant gaps in digital infrastructure and literacy, particularly among rural communities. A total of 18 experts were engaged in this study. The result of the stakeholder engagement provided insights into the specific digital skill needs within Sarawak’s unique socioeconomic landscape, emphasizing the need for foundational competencies such as device recognition, online safety, and data management. The content validation helps to produce the refined Sarawak DC assessment framework (SDCAF) for assessing the DC of citizens. This framework holds promise as a foundation for future digital literacy initiatives in Sarawak, promoting inclusive digital transformation in line with the state’s digital economy strategy. This study concluded that SDCAF is a comprehensive and relevant tool for measuring citizen’s DC. The SDCAF is a model for creating targeted, accessible digital literacy programs that bridge the urban-rural digital skill divide and empower all citizens to participate in Sarawak’s digital society.
CIPP model evaluation of ISO 9001 standardized practical learning for vocational school quality enhancement
Giri Wiyono;
Akif Khilmiyah
Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn) Vol 20, No 4: November 2026
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama
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DOI: 10.11591/edulearn.v20i4.26228
Ensuring the quality and industry relevance of practical learning in vocational schools is a critical challenge. This study evaluates the effectiveness of International Organization for Standardizatio (ISO) 9001-based practical learning programs in three Indonesian vocational high schools using the context, input, process, product (CIPP) evaluation model. A convergent parallel mixed-methods design was employed, involving surveys (N=144 stakeholders), in-depth interviews, and document analysis. The evaluation revealed the program’s strengths in establishing a strong policy foundation, fostering a quality culture, and improving graduate competencies. However, critical weaknesses were identified in human resource capacity and inconsistent corrective action mechanisms. The research contributes theoretically by systematically integrating ISO 9001 with the CIPP model, offering a holistic evaluation framework. Practically, it provides stakeholders with an evidence-based diagnostic tool and recommendations to strengthen teacher capacity, optimize resources, and deepen industry collaboration for more relevant and sustainable vocational education.
Exploring female pre-service teachers’ self-efficacy in teaching science and mathematics: a mixed-methods study
Sa'ida Marei;
Saed Sabah
Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn) Vol 20, No 4: November 2026
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama
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DOI: 10.11591/edulearn.v20i4.27671
Teacher self-efficacy is particularly relevant to the teaching of science and mathematics and affects their teaching and learning through the teachers’ instructional practices. This study examines female pre-service teachers’ self-efficacy in teaching science and mathematics across three domains: planning, implementation, and assessment, and examines the factors influencing its development during practicum experiences. A mixed-methods design was used, quantitative data were collected using a validated scale from 86 female pre-service teachers, while qualitative data were obtained through a semi-structured interview. Data were analyzed with descriptive statistics and thematic analyses, respectively. The results indicated consistently high levels of self-efficacy across all domains, with the highest levels in instructional implementation, followed by planning and assessment. Qualitative findings further revealed that field-based experiences, mentoring, and reflective practice enhance confidence in lesson design, classroom management, and student engagement. The study concludes that self-efficacy develops through the interaction of cognitive, emotional, and contextual factors. These findings have practical implications for improving teacher education programs by emphasizing structured practicum experiences, reflective mentorship, and targeted pedagogical training, and they provide directions for future research on subject-specific teacher development.
Receptive English proficiency across programs in engineering education
Phuong Anh Ngo
Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn) Vol 20, No 4: November 2026
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama
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DOI: 10.11591/edulearn.v20i4.26951
English proficiency is increasingly recognized as a prerequisite for disciplinary participation in science, technology, engineering and mathematics (STEM) higher education, yet large scale evidence on institutional variation among non-English-major engineering students remains limited in Vietnam. This study examined receptive English proficiency across three program types, mass, advanced, and international, using population-level placement data from 17,561 first-year engineering students over three consecutive cohorts (2022-2024). Listening and reading performance (10-990 total) was analyzed through a two-way general linear model (GLM) to assess main and interaction effects of program structure and academic year. Results indicated a consistent proficiency hierarchy (advancedinternationalmass), with program type explaining the largest proportion of variance (partial η²=0.21). Academic year demonstrated a medium effect (partial η²=0.09), reflecting a progressive decline in cohort readiness, while the interaction effect (partial η²=0.03) showed more pronounced decreases in the mass program. These findings suggest that English-medium environments partially buffer national level declines but cannot fully offset systemic weaknesses in receptive preparedness. Implications include differentiated instructional pathways, placement informed curriculum design, and targeted academic English support in Vietnamese-medium engineering programs. The study provides empirical evidence for equity-oriented English medium instruction (EMI) development and contributes data driven insights for policy and curriculum in STEM higher education.
Educational resilience and trust among forcibly displaced students
Anna Hakobjanyan;
Davit Hayrapetyan;
Narine Mirzoyan
Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn) Vol 20, No 4: November 2026
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama
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DOI: 10.11591/edulearn.v20i4.26876
Following the 2023 conflict, forcibly displaced students entered Armenia’s higher education system, raising urgent questions about integration, educational continuity, and trust in host state institutions. To investigate these issues, we surveyed 238 forcibly displaced students enrolled in Armenian universities and estimated binary logistic regression models for three outcomes: intention to emigrate, willingness to continue education in a tuition-based system, and trust in the state’s capacity to protect their rights. The predictors were organized into four blocks: demographic/economic, legal/institutional, civic/integrative, and psychological. The results show that household employment reduces emigration intention while increasing the willingness to continue tuition-based studies, whereas educational integration also promotes persistence in paid higher education. In contrast, self-acceptance and longer prior educational trajectories reduce the willingness to continue tuition-based studies, fatalistic time orientation predicts stronger migration intentions, and past rights violations are associated with higher emigration intentions while coinciding with greater institutional trust under conditions of perceived redress. Overall, these findings support a human security and sustainability perspective, demonstrating that educational resilience, institutional responsiveness, and inclusive policy design jointly shape post-conflict integration trajectories.
Digital intervention on academic procrastination: a systematic review
Chanjuan Wang;
Anne Noor Sri Juwaneeta Jamaludin;
Rui Zhu;
Suolun Zhang
Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn) Vol 20, No 4: November 2026
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama
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DOI: 10.11591/edulearn.v20i4.26392
Academic procrastination is a widespread problem in higher education and is associated with poorer academic performance, reduced well-being, and difficulties in self-regulation. With the increasing use of digital technologies in education and psychological support, digital interventions have emerged as a potentially scalable approach to addressing academic procrastination. However, systematic evidence regarding how such interventions is defined, how effective they are, and what factors shape their outcomes remains limited. This systematic review aimed to clarify the concept of digital interventions in the context of academic procrastination, evaluate their effectiveness, and identify factors influencing intervention success. Following preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) 2020, a systematic search was conducted across Web of Science, ScienceDirect, SpringerLink, and ProQuest, supplemented by citation tracking and reference screening. Finally, 17 empirical studies were included. The findings showed that digital interventions could be grouped into three broad categories and generally produced beneficial, though varied, effects on academic procrastination. More structured and theory-driven interventions tended to show more consistent benefits, whereas lower-intensity interventions yielded mixed or context-dependent results. Overall, digital interventions appear promising, but their effectiveness depends on intervention design, user engagement, and contextual support.
ELT in junior high schools: a dual-perspective needs analysis of language skills and digital-AI integration
Ni Made Ratminingsih;
I Gede Budasi;
I Gde Putu Agus Pramerta;
I Putu Yoga Laksana
Journal of Education and Learning (EduLearn) Vol 20, No 4: November 2026
Publisher : Intelektual Pustaka Media Utama
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DOI: 10.11591/edulearn.v20i4.27551
Needs analysis (NA) is a fundamental process that helps both teachers and students in planning, adjusting, and optimizing lessons. This study investigates the dual-perspectives on English language teaching in terms of needs, lacks, and wants. This research adopts a quantitative research approach, employing a survey method. A total of 1,074 students were selected through stratified random sampling technique, along with 29 English teachers in five schools. In terms of needs, teachers viewed all language aspects as equally important, while students prioritized grammar and vocabulary over the others. Both groups recognized digital and artificial intelegence or AI as essential. The results reveal discrepancies between students’ and teachers’ perceptions of lacks. Students reported listening and speaking difficulties, followed by vocabulary and grammar, whereas teachers emphasized grammar and writing. Additionally, students perceived greater lacks in digital and AI technology, while teachers had less technological challenges. Regarding wants, both expressed a strong interest in improving language components and skills through the integration of digital and AI tech as the learning media. These findings imply teacher training should enhance listening-speaking instruction and digital-AI integration, whereas the curriculum should adopt a balanced, skill-integrated approach that addresses receptive and productive needs, and embeds technology for effective 21st century English language teaching (ELT).