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INDONESIA
Teknika
Published by Universitas Negeri Surabaya
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Core Subject : Engineering,
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Articles 104 Documents
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Klasifikasi Sistem Kontrol Pada Konverter DC-DC Paralel Bambang Suprianto,
Teknika Vol 10, No 1 (2009)
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Abstract

Kajian ini menjelaskan aturan kinerja pembagian arus dan tegangan untuk tiga jenis konfigurasi paralel, yaitu, paralelisasi sumber Thevenin, paralelisasi satu sumber Thevenin dengan banyak sumber Norton dan paralelisasi sumber Norton. Metode kontrol yang sesuai dengan dan tanpa loop arus bersama untuk ketiga jenis tersebut menghasilkan pembagian arus dan pengaturan tegangan secara rinci. Dengan menggunakan analisis sinyal kecil, karakteristik yang melekat pada skema dasar dipaparkan. Perbandingan dibuat untuk semua skema dalam hal aturan pembagian arus dan tegangan. This paper describes the current sharing and voltage  regulation performance of three types of paralleling configurations, i.e., paralleling Th´evenin sources, paralleling one Th´evenin source with many Norton sources and paralleling Norton sources. The corresponding control methods with and without current-sharing loop for the three types to obtain both current  sharing and voltage regulation are detailed. Using small-signal analysis, the inherent characteristics of the basic schemes are expounded. Comparisons are made for all the schemes in terms of current sharing and voltage regulation.
Pengaturan Kecepatan Motor Induksi Tiga-fasa Menggunakan Sliding Mode Control Melalui Pendekatan Simulasi Gigih Prabowo, ; Era Purwanto,
Teknika Vol 10, No 1 (2009)
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Abstract

Pada tulisan ini akan diberikan suatu cara pengaturan putaran motor induksi tiga-fasa melalui Direct Torque Control (DTC) dengan sliding mode control (SMC). Estimasi  putaran rotor motor melalui pengukuran tegangan dan arus terminal stator. Estimasi putaran digunakan untuk umpan balik dan dibandingkan dengan putaran acuan sebagai masukan sistem kontrol SMC untuk mencapai putaran yang dikehendaki. Analisa stabilitas dengan teori Lyapunov untuk menjamin system loop tertutup stabil. SMC digunakan untuk mendapatkan performansi yang tinggi pada pengaturan putaran motor induksi, pada kondisi start,  perubahan putaran dan beban turun akan disampaikan hasilnya melalui simulasi Mathlab. Parameter DTC masuk adalah arus, tegangan, sinyal saklar dan tegangan dc inverter dengan luaran torsi, fluk dan sudut?. Dari hasil simulasi dengan menggunakan kontroler SMC semua parameter kotrol terjadi penurunan overshoot sebesar 85,21%, penurunan rise time 0,019 detik dan penurunan settling time sebesar 0,074 detik bila dibandingkan dengan kontroler PI pada putaran nominal 76,18 rad/detik. This paper develops the speed sensorless three phase of an induction motor control by Direct torque control (DTC) using sliding mode control (SMC). The speed motor estimation will compare with reference speed to get error speed. The output of SMC will bring to the sliding surface. The output of SMC is torque reference as torque control. The system stability analysis does by Lyapunov stability, then it guarantee close loop system to be stable. The input of Direct torque control (DTC) estimations are current, voltage, gate signal inverter and dc voltage, and, then the output are torque, speed, fluxs and ?.The output simulation uasing MathLab/Simulink which is showed on SMC controller comparing with the PI controller, there are decreasing  overshoot 85,21%, rise time 0,019 second and settling time 0,074 second with reference speed 76,18 rad./sec..
Kinerja OFDM-OSTBC Dengan Modulasi MQAM Dan MPSK Pada Kanal Rayleigh Yoedy Moegiharto, ; Ridho Hendra Yoga P.,
Teknika Vol 10, No 1 (2009)
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Abstract

Pada tulisan ini ditunjukkan kinerja sistem OSTBC-OFDM yang diterapkan pada jenis modulasi MQAM dan MPSK. Digunakan model STBC rate ½  dengan 4  buah antena pemancar dan 4 antena penerima kemudian dikombinasi dengan teknik OFDM dengan 4, 8 dan 16 sub-carrier. Kinerja sistem OFDM-OSTBC ditunjukkan untuk  kanal Rayleigh fading. Pada penerima diterapkan struktur sederhana dengan metode maximum likelihood decoder. In this paper is shown the performance of OSTBC-OFDM system with MQAM and MPSK modulation. STBC model uses rate ½ with 4 trasmit antennas and 4 receive antennas, is combined with OFDM techniques with 4, 8 and 16 sub-carriers. The performance of OSTBC-OFDM systems are shown in Rayleigh fading channel. Receiver uses simple structure with maximum likelihood methode.
Penentuan Kadar Zat Kimia Dengan Metode Regresi Non Linier Levenberg-marquardt Melalui Analisa Uji Dylon (indian Corn) Menggunakan Instrument Kolorimeter Berbasis Sensor Warna TCS230 Joko Catur Condro Cahyono,
Teknika Vol 10, No 1 (2009)
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Abstract

The method to determine the concentration of essence is much modification. The expensive instruments reach simple have forced with the difference accuration.  The expensive instruments have highly accuration and difficulty measurement. One of the instruments is the colorimeter have method by calculating the difference of color. The method by calculating the differences of color are not much modification. The commonly of the methods are by directly equivalent.By the background, then design colorimeter by using color sensor TCS230. The relation of the method between ratio of concentration and ratio of color is Non Linier Regression Levenberg-marquardt. The color sensor TCS230 is equaled the equaling instrument Spectrometer Lambda EZ 201. The equal experiments are the precision of instrument, the accurate of instrument, and the reproducibility of instrument.In the accuration experiment, the best method for the color sensing TCS230 is 75.252 %. In the precession experiment, the best method for the color sensor TCS230 is ± 20.863 %. The reproducibility experiment produce that the instruments are reliable for the next experiment.For the best accuration, the data for learning better from equaled instruments Spectrometer Lambda EZ 201. The frequancies of the color sensor are from 1:50 mode, we recommended better 1:1 mode for the best color sensing.
Pengaruh Penambahan Octane Booster Terhadap Kualitas Biodiesel Dari Biji Karet I Wayan Susila,
Teknika Vol 10, No 1 (2009)
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Abstract

Kebutuhan bahan bakar minyak secara nasional setiap tahun meningkat terus seirama dengan semakin bertambahnya jumlah penduduk. sementara itu cadangan minyak bumi semakin menipis. Persoalan utama yang sering dihadapi dalam produksi biodiesel dari minyak nabati adalah tingginya viskositas maupun densitasnya sehingga dapat menurunkan kinerja mesin. Oleh karena itu biodiesel perlu dicampur dengan solar pada tingkat perbandingan tertentu Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk menghasilkan kwalitas campuran antara biodiesel dari biji karet dan solar (B-10 dan B-20) dan kemudian masing-masing dicampur dengan octane booster 1,0%; 1,25%; dan  1,5%v agar kwalitasnya memenuhi standar Pertamina. Biodiesel diproduksi melalui metode katalis dengan sistem pencucian “wet wash system” menggunakan air. Hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa penambahan octane booster 1% menghasilkan kwalitas bahan bakar terbaik karena nilai kalor tertinggi, sedangkan viskositasnya paling kecil, sedikit di atas standar Pertamina. The national need of fuels was increase every year according to the increase of population, while the crude oil resources were decrease. The main problem on biodiesel production from vegetable oil was high of viscosity and density which can to decrease of engine performance. Therefore, it was necessary be mixed with solar at proportional stages. The objective of this research was obtain the quality of mixture between biodiesel from rubber seed and solar (B-10 and B-20) and then was mixed with octane booster 1.0%, 1.25% and 1.5%v respectively so that it qualities according to Pertamina standard. Biodiesel was product via catalytic method with “wet wash system” use the water. This result shown that addition octane booster 1.0%v in B-10 has the best quality because it has highest heating value and viscosity was lowest, a little above of Pertamina Standard.
Pengaruh Penambahan Kerikil Pada Campuran Paving Stone Terhadap Kualitasnya Suprapto,
Teknika Vol 10, No 1 (2009)
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Abstract

Principal material of paving stone is sand. But sand availability would as component of maker basis paving stone, longer on the wane or increasingly limited. Mining of mass sand, can result area going worse level of the damage. For the purpose must be searched material alternative of lessen, even replaces exploiting of sand as component of building, including also paving stone. Therefore need to be performed a research about paving stone to look for formulation of material mixture and alternative of usage of material besides sand material, and at the same time to increase quality of quality of paving.This research done with making specimen paving with various filler material compositions for mixture, filler besides sand also is added gravel having diameter 4,6 mm and having diameter 5,6 mm . Specimen is made is in the form of box of the size 10 cm x 20 cm x 6 cm. composition of Mixture is made in such a manner, starts from sand filler only, gradual finite of sand is lessened by until without sand. Test quality of paving is done with testing compressive strength and water absorption.Result of research indicates that Gradasi mixture filler paving stone hardly influences strength of the paving, increasingly varies gradation of filler, increasingly good quality of paving Addition of gravel at mixture filler paving stone, can increase the paving compressive strength. improvement of Strength reachs 15,9% for addition of gravel with diameter 4,6 mm and 17,79% for addition of gravel is having diameter 5,6 mm. Addition of gravel having diameter 5,6 mm at mixture filler paving stone has strength of higher compress compared to addition of gravel is having diameter 4,6 mm, the difference can reach 5%. Besides also addition of gravel at mixture paving stone which main filler of sand, also can lessen level of water absorption at the paving.
Pengaruh Penambahan Pasir Terhadap Daya Dukung Pondasi Dangkal Pada Tanah Ekspansif Machfud Ridwan,
Teknika Vol 10, No 1 (2009)
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Abstract

Tanah ekspansif tergolong jenis  tanah yang banyak terdapat kandungan lempung Monmorillonite dan  memiliki Indek Plastisitas yang besar, sehingga mempunyai potensi kembang susut yang besar  pula. Tanah ekspansif ini banyak menimbulkan  kerusakan pada bangunan. Untuk mengatasi masalah tanah ekspansif perlu dilakukan suatu upaya perbaikan tanah/stabilisasi untuk mengatasi masalah tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan stabilisasi dengan penambahan pasir, dengan tujuan untuk melihat seberapa besar pengaruh penambahan pasir terhadap daya dukung tanah untk pondasi dangkal pada tanah ekspansif.Variasi kandungan kapur  yang digunakan adalah : 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40%  dan 50%. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperimen di laboratorium. Metodologi yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini yaitu dengan melakukan tes sifat-sifat fisik tanah ekspansif, tes proctor standart dan tes kuat tekan bebas.Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa adanya penambahan pasir dapat memperkecil sifat kembang susut yang terjadi pada tanah ekspansif. Semakin besar prosentase pasir yang ditambahkan, maka IP (Indek Plastisitas) menjadi semakin mengecil. Semakin besar persentase pasir  yang ditambahkan pada tanah ekspansif, maka nilai kuat tekan bebas  meningkat. Semakin meningkatnya nilai kuat tekan bebas maka nilai kohesi dari tanah juga meningkat, sehingga menyebabkan daya dukung tanah untuk pondasi dangkal menjadi meningkat pula. Expansive  soil pertained by  a soil  type which  is lots of clay content Monmorillonite and have a great plasticity index, so has the potential of developing a greater shrinkage. Expansive soil is a lot of damage to buildings. To overcome the problem of expansive soil needs to be an effort to soil improvement / stabilization to address the problem. This study uses a stabilization by the addition of sand, with the aim to see how big the effect of adding sand to the carrying capacity of the soil remedy shallow foundations on expansive soil.Variations in content of lime used was: 0%, 10%, 20%, 30%, 40% and 50%. This study is a research experiment in the laboratory. The methodology undertaken in this study is to test the physical properties of expansive soil, the standard Proctor test and compressive strength tests are free.  The study conducted showed that the addition of sand can minimize shrinkage properties and development that occurs on expansive soil. The greater the percentage of sand is added, then the IP (Plasticity Index) becomes increasingly smaller. The greater the percentage of sand is added on expansive soil, it increases the value of a strong free press. The increasing value of strong free press and then the cohesion of the soil also increases, thus causing the soil bearing capacity for shallow foundations to increase as well.
Efektifitas Penambahan Semen Sebagai Stabilisasi Pada Tanah Lempung Expansive Nur Andajani,
Teknika Vol 10, No 1 (2009)
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Abstract

Tanah ekspansif tergolong jenis tanah lempung yang mempunyai potensi untuk mengembang  pada musim penghujan, dan sebaliknya  pada musim kemarau  tanah tersebut mengalami  penyusutan (retak-retak).  Adanya pergantian musim yang terjadi di wilayah Indonesia, pada tanah ekspansif tersebut sering menimbulkan kerusakan apabila digunakan untuk bangunan.  Oleh karena itu perlu penanganan khusus untuk mengatasi masalah tanah ekspansif, salah satu diantaranya dengan stabilisasi yaitu dengan menambahkan semen pada tanah ekspansif tersebut sehingga dapat mengurangi/memperkecil kembang-susut yang terjadi. Variasi kandungan semen  yang digunakan adalah : 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% dan 10%. Jenis penelitian ini merupakan penelitian riset yang dilakukan di laboratorium. Metodologi yang dilakukan pada penelitian ini yaitu dengan melakukan tes sifat fisik tanah,  tes pemadatan proctor standart dan tes pengembangan tanah (swelling).Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan menunjukkan bahwa adanya penambahan semen  dapat memperkecil Indeks Plastisitas pada tanah ekspansif. Penambahan 10 % semen pada tanah ekspansif merupakan yang paling efektif karena dapat mengurangi Swelling Potential sebesar 18,049% . The expansive soil  type of clay that has the potential to expand in wet season, and vice versa in the dry season soil shrinkage (cracks). The existence of the change of seasons that occur in Indonesia, the expansive soil is often cause damage when used for building. Therefore it needs special handling to deal with expansive soil problems, one of them with stabilization by adding an expansive cement on the ground so that they can reduce / minimize the swell-shrink that occursVariations in cement content used was: 0%, 2.5%, 5%, 7.5% and 10%. This type of research is a research study conducted in the laboratory. The methodology in this study is to test the physical properties of soil, standard Proctor compaction tests and soil development test (swelling).Result of research show that the addition of cement can reduce the plasticity index on expansive soil. The addition of 10% cement on expansive soil is the most effective because it can reduce Swelling Potential of 18.049%.
Simulasi Coverage Pada Wireless Sensor Network Dengan Menggunakan Algoritma Genetika Pareto Umi Fitria P, ; Tri Budi Santoso, ; Prima Kristalina,
Teknika Vol 10, No 2 (2009)
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Abstract

Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) adalah suatu jaringan wireless yang tediri dari beberapa sensor node yang saling berkomunikasi dan bekerja sama untuk mengumpulkan data- data dari lingkungan sekitar. Salah satu masalah yang dihadapi dalam merancang suatu sistem WSN ini adalah masalah coverage area. Pada paper ini akan disajikan suatu simulasi coverage area suatu WSN dengan menggunakan metode algoritma genetika yang dikombinasikan dengan pareto. Dengan menggunakan metode ini, akan diobservasi bagaimana kinerja coverage area suatu WSN pada suatu service area, dengan jumlah sensor yang terbatas harus dapat mengcover area secara optimum dan tentunya dengan biaya yang minimal. Hasil dari paper ini adalah bahwa  suatu algoritma genetika sudah mampu menunjukkan kinerja pencapaian coverage terbaik dari keempat individu sebesar 92.69 % dengan biaya sebesar $ 3150. Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) was a wireless network consisting of several sensor nodes that communicate with each other and work together to collect data from neighborhood. One of the problems encountered in designing a WSN system is the problem of coverage area. In this paper will be presented a simulation of the coverage area of a WSN by using the method genetic algorithms combined with the pareto. Using this method, will be observed how the performance of coverage area an WSN in a service area, with a limited number of sensors must be able cover the area optimally and certainly with a a minimal cost.The result of this paper was a genetic algorithm has been able to demonstrate achievement of the performance of the best coverage from the four individuals of 92.69% at a cost of $ 3150.
Sistem Pengaman Motor Induksi 3 Phasa Terhadap Gangguan Unbalance Voltage Dan Overload Indhana Sudiharto,
Teknika Vol 10, No 2 (2009)
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Abstract

Motor induksi 3 phasa merupakan jenis motor yang paling sering digunakan pada proses produksi di industri. Hal ini dikarenakan motor induksi memiliki beberapa keuntungan yang tidak dimiliki oleh motor DC, tetapi motor induksi 3 phasa sering mengalami terjadi gangguan Unbalance Voltage dan Overload. Gangguan tersebut mempunyai dampak yang sangat berbahaya bila dibiarkan berlarut-larut,  karena arus yang mengalir sangat besar sehingga meningkatkan suhu dan dapat mengakibatkan motor induksi 3 phasa terbakar.Untuk mengatasi gangguan, maka diperlukan suatu sistem yang dapat mengamankan dari Unbalance Voltage sesuai standar ANSI Std C84.1–1989 dan Overload sesuai standar name plate Overcurrent Protection Relay CKR Series. Sistem pengaman bekerja dengan membandingkan nilai setting dan parameter tegangan serta arus yang disensor dari motor induksi 3 phasa sebagai beban. Dari pengujian sistem pengaman Unbalance Voltage dan Overload yang bekerja dengan membandingkan nilai setting  antara arus 1.5 Ampere sampai 5 Ampere maka didapatkan prosentase error rata-rata 3.44 % untuk waktu trip kontaktor pada pengaman Overload dan tegangan antara 360 Volt sampai 380 Volt dengan prosentase Unbalance Voltage antara 0 % sampai 10.95 % pada pengaman Unbalance Voltage. The 3 phase induction motor is a motor type most often used in production processes in industry. This is because the induction motor has several advantages that are not owned by a DC motor, but often also occur among other disturbance Unbalance Voltage and Overload in the 3 phase induction motor. The disturbance has a very harmful impact if allowed to drag on due to a very large current flow there by increasing the temperature and can lead to 3 phase induction motor burn. To overcome the interference, we need a system that can secure from Unbalance Voltage according to the standard ANSI Std C84.1-1989 and Overload Protection Relay Over current with name plate CKR Series. The security system works by comparing the value set point and voltage and current parameters of the outtakes from the 3 phase induction motor as load. From testing the security system Unbalance Voltage and Overload that works by comparing the current value of set point between 1.5 Ampere to 5 Amperes then obtained an average percentage error 3.44 % for the time trip on security contactors Overload and voltage between 360 Volts to 380 Volts with a percentage Unbalance Voltage between 0 % to 10.95 % in Unbalance Voltage safety.

Page 7 of 11 | Total Record : 104

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