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INDONESIA
IJOG : Indonesian Journal on Geoscience
Published by Geological Agency of Indonesia
ISSN : 23559314     EISSN : 23559306     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Earth & Planetary Sciences
The spirit to improve the journal to be more credible is increasing, and in 2012 it invited earth scientists in East and Southeast Asia as well as some western countries to join the journal for the editor positions in the Indonesia Journal of Geology. This is also to realize our present goal to internationalize the journal, The Indonesian Journal on Geoscience, which is open for papers of geology, geophysics, geochemistry, geodetics, geography, and soil science. This new born journal is expected to be published three times a year. As an international publication, of course it must all be written in an international language, in this case English. This adds difficulties to the effort to obtain good papers in English to publish although the credit points that an author will get are much higher.
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Articles 12 Documents
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Search results for , issue "Vol. 12 No. 3 (2025)" : 12 Documents clear
Makassar Strait Thrust - Mamuju Segment (MSTM) Perspective on Radioactive Mineral Exploration: A Case Study in Rantedoda, Mamuju Ciputra, Roni Cahya; Pratiwi, Fadiah; Putra, Aldo Febriansyah; Syaeful, Heri; Indrastomo, Frederikus Dian; Adimedha, Tyto Baskara; Rachael, Yoshi; Sukadana, I Gde
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 12 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.12.3.319-341

Abstract

The Makassar Strait Thrust – Mamuju Segment (MSTM) is a key structural feature influencing uranium (U), thorium (Th), and rare earth element (REE) mineralization in Mamuju, West Sulawesi. This study explores the relationship between tectonic deformation, weathering processes, and mineralization, focusing on the Rantedoda sector. Integrated geomorphic, geological, radiometric, petrographic, and geochemical analyses reveal that MSTM faults act as conduits for hydrothermal fluids, promoting mineral mobilization, alteration, and enrichment in fault zones. MSTM produced curved NW ̶ SE to N ̶ S thrusts torn by NE ̶ SW right-lateral strike-slip faults in the studied area. Radiometric data highlight anisotropic distributions of U, Th, and dose rates aligned with NE ̶ SW and NW ̶ SE fault trends. Geochemical indices demonstrate that weathering is critical for REE and Th enrichment, as high eTh and low K values indicate. Moreover, fault-facilitated hydrothermal clay alteration supports U adsorption, as noted by high values of all radiometric parameters in the area near a fault. These findings establish the critical role of fault systems in controlling mineralization processes, providing a framework for targeted exploration strategies in tectonically complex terrains of the Mamuju area.
Insight Into The 2024-2025 Eruption of Lewotobi Laki-Laki Volcano in Flores Island, Indonesia: An Overview Andreastuti, Supriyati Dwi; Haerani, Nia; Kristianto, Kristianto; Prayoga, Ardy Setya; Putra, Raditya; Mboro, Herman Yosef; Bere, Emanuel Rofinus; Lamanepa, Anselmus Bobyson; Purnamasari, Heruningtyas Desi
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 12 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.12.3.1-9

Abstract

Between November 2024 and April 2025, Lewotobi Laki-laki Volcano (1,584 m a.s.l.), situated in Flores Regency, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, exhibited eruptive activity that significantly impacted the surrounding environment. Volcanic ash was extensively deposited across residential areas, agricultural land, and forested regions. Two major eruptive events occurred on 3rd November 2024 and 20th March 2025. Historical records indicate that Lewotobi Laki-laki has been active since 1861 CE, typically characterized by mild eruptions involving ash emission, lava flows, and dome formation. However, in the beginning of November 2024, the volcano activity intensified, culminating in a directed blast eruption on 3rd November at 23:57 Central Indonesian Time from its northwestern upper flank (Kushendratno et al., 2024). This event ignited fires in nearby villages, and resulted in nine fatalities due to exposure to blast material. Subsequently, on 20th March at 22:56 Central Indonesian Time, a vertical explosive eruption occurred from the central vent, generating an eruption column that ascended to approximately 8,000 m (Kristianto et al., 2025), and produced column collapse predominantly affected the west ̶ northeastern flank, causing three reported injuries. These incidents highlight the critical need for proactive eruption forecasting and the implementation of corresponding mitigation strategies. The eruption on 3rd November 2024 prompted a revision of the Lewotobi Lakilaki hazard map, reflecting a newly observed eruptive style with a pronounced northwestern trajectory.
Hydrogeochemistry and Groundwater Quality Assessment of Shallow Groundwater in the Penguluran Basin, East Java, Indonesia Masitoh, Ferryati; Rusydi, Alfi Nur; Taryana, Didik
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 12 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.12.3.343-365

Abstract

Research of the hydrogeochemistry and groundwater quality of shallow groundwater in The Penguluran Basin, East Java, Indonesia, is still very limited. This study aims to identify hydrogeochemistry and groundwater quality in the shallow groundwater of The Penguluran Basin. Twelve water samples were taken from the residents' wells in July during the dry season. Groundwater samples were analyzed in the laboratory to determine the concentration of major ions. The major ions include Mg2+, Na+, K+, Ca+ and anion CO32-; HCO3-; SO42-; Cl-. Laboratory results were analyzed using Piper Trilinear Diagram and Gibbs Diagram, Weathering type, Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Permeable Index (PI), Magnesium Hazard (MH), Chloro-Alkaline Indices (CAI), Corrosivity Ratio (CR), and Anthropogenic Impact (AI) using NO3-. The results showed that hydrogeochemical facies in the studied area were of Ca+- Mg2+- HCO3- type. Groundwater cations were dominated by Ca+, while anions were dominated by HCO3-. The concentration of cations were Ca+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+, while the anions were HCO3- > Cl- > SO42- > CO32-. Groundwater in Penguluran Basin was freshwater with silicate weathering type. Analysis of major groundwater ions for agricultural irrigation purposes showed that most groundwater samples were safe for agricultural irrigation. The CAI-I and CAI-II had mostly negative values. Samples showing negative CAI values also showed silica weathering. CR values were mostly <1 indicated that naturally groundwater was safe from corrosive vulnerability for industry purposes. Nitrate levels in the groundwater showed that 58 % exceeded the allowable limit due to the high risk of anthropogenic impacts to groundwater. The research is expected to provide new information about groundwater in The Penguluran Basin.
Magnetic Basement Depth from Marine Magnetic Data in Cendrawasih Bay Hydrocarbon Prospect Area, Bird Head, Papua, Indonesia Ibrahim, Khalil; Kawab, Gracia Abigail Paraskah; Bijaksana, Satria; Fajar, Silvia Jannatul; Sapiie, Benyamin; Ngkoimani, La Ode; Suryanata, Putu Billy; Harlianti, Ulvienin; Kurniawan, Syaiful Apri; Wibisono, Salsabila Nadhifa
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 12 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.12.3.383-400

Abstract

The magnetic basement and structural segmentation of the eastern Bird Head region, Papua, were investigated using marine magnetic data and frequency-domain inversion (MagB_Inv). The studied area includes The Cendrawasih and Yapen–Biak Basins, both were influenced by the Yapen strike-slip fault and transtensional tectonics. Processing involved reducing to the pole, spectral depth estimation, and 3D magnetic inversion to delineate basement geometry, and to infer the sediment thickness. Three structurally bounded subbasins were identified: (1) between Cendrawasih Bay and Num Island, (2) between Cendrawasih Bay and Yapen Island, and (3) between Yapen and Biak Islands. These subbasins exhibit magnetic basement depths ranging from 0.4 to 7 km and sediment thicknesses exceeding 3 km. Magnetic highs around Yapen Island correlate with Miocene volcanic and ultramafic outcrops, interpreted as shallow high-magnetization crustal blocks. The subbasins are bounded by ridges and faults, including the Yapen Fault Zone and fold-thrust systems, which deform both basement and sedimentary cover. The basement morphology controls sediment distribution, and defines fault-bound sedimentary zones, consistent with regional tectonic trends. Seismic cross-sections and shallow earthquake hypocentres, and further supports this structural segmentation. These results provide a structural framework to understand the basin structure, and to support preliminary hydrocarbon evaluations in this underexplored region. Despite these insights, interpretations are constrained by the non-uniqueness of magnetic inversion prosess and the absence of well and high-resolution seismic data.
Analysis of Lithological Aspects and Their Influence on Slope Stability of the Failed Riverbank in Ajil, Hulu Terengganu, Malaysia Razali, Sofea; bin Abdul Rahman, Muhd Nur Ismail; Seh Wali, Siti Syaza Aiman; Nazarudin, Dony Adriansyah; Zulkifli, Muhamad Zaki; Roslan, Ahmad Nor Zaimie; Arifin, Effi Helmy
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 12 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.12.3.367-382

Abstract

Riverbank erosion has become a serious problem in The Hulu Terengganu River recently. In some locations, the failed riverbank is particularly hazardous, especially near recreational and plantation areas. Therefore, this study aims to assess the lithological characteristics controlling the failed riverbank in Ajil, Hulu Terengganu, Malaysia. Two localities were chosen based on the hazardous conditions and severity of erosion along the riverbanks. Both riverbanks were vertically logged to differentiate lithological units. Field observations identified four lithological horizons, designated as Litho A-D, based on in-situ characteristics (i.e. structure, plant roots, grain size). Samples were taken from selected horizons for Particle Size Analysis (PSA) and Atterberg limit testing. The results of the investigation from PSA indicate that the samples from localities L1S1, L2S1, L1S2, and L2S2 exhibit positive skewness, with fine sediment sizes identified as silt-clay for L1S1 and L1S2, and sand-silt for L2S1 and L2S2. Conversely, samples L1S3 and L2S3 demonstrate a trend of negative skewness, indicating coarse sediment sizes. The results indicate that the sand-silt composition suggests a decrease in water flow energy from high to low. The coefficient of uniformity (Cu) in this study ranged between 3.6 to 9.81, and the coefficient of curvature (Cc) ranged from 0.63 to 1.66. The Cc values for L1S3 and L2S3 are below 1.0 indicating well-graded soil, while the Cc values for other samples are above 1.0 indicating poorly graded soil.
Enhanced 3D Seismic Image Resolution by Applied Attributes for Improved Carbonate Reservoir Characterization in Karawang Region, North West Java Sudarsana, Muhammad Rizki; Syafri, Ildrem; Agus Nur, Andi; Abdurrokhim, Abdurrokhim
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 12 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.12.3.401-412

Abstract

The study focuses on the enhancement of 3D seismic data to improve the interpretation of carbonate growth phases within Middle Miocene limestone formations in the Karawang region, north west Java. By applying a sequential workflow of various seismic attributes, including the second derivative, phase shift, frequency filter, structural smoothing, and iterative trace Automatic Gain Control (AGC), the vertical resolution of seismic events is significantly improved, from an initial dominant frequency of 22 Hz (38 m tuning thickness) to a final effective dominant frequency of 33 Hz after all enhancements. These enhancements facilitate a clearer delineation of stratigraphy, depositional patterns, and the geometry of carbonate growth cycles. The integration of well data, including wireline logs and synthetic seismograms, with enhanced 3D seismic sections provides a comprehensive understanding of subsurface features and porosity development in the target area. The enhanced data enabled the identification of four distinct carbonate growth phases, revealing complex thickness variations and depositional architectures controlled by sea-level fluctuations. This integrated approach demonstrates the critical role of optimized seismic attribute application for detailed carbonate reservoir characterization and optimizing well placement for hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation.
Tsunami Vulnerability Analysis of Makran Subduction Zone through Fuzzy Logic Rehman, Adil; Zhang, Huai
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 12 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.12.3.413-421

Abstract

Tsunamis are among the most terrifying natural hazards, causing significant loss of life and property and impacting our society’s human, economic, and social aspects. Given their destructive nature, developing effective techniques for tsunami observation and demolition reduction is crucial. This study proposes a novel tsunami detection and alert system utilizing fuzzy logic to mitigate these impacts. The primary objective of this research is to develop and implement a fuzzy logic-based tsunami prediction system that generates alerts indicating the likelihood of a tsunami-categorized as definite, certain, average, or rare. In the present study, we employ the fuzzy logic technique in MATLAB, using various defuzzification techniques available in the MATLAB fuzzy logic toolbox. The calculated values for the tsunami alert system in the Makran Subduction Zone are as follows: rare (1.91), average (4.75), certain (6.75), and definite (8.8). The designed tsunami alert system and model can predict tsunamis automatically and manually, potentially saving many lives more effectively than previous methods. The research objectives of this study are to (1) develop a fuzzy logic-based model for tsunami prediction, (2) implement the model using MATLAB, and (3) evaluate the model’s performance in generating accurate tsunami alerts.
Geotechnical Parameters Determination by Using Seismic Refraction Tomography in The New Capital City of Indonesia, Nusantara: Implication to Analysis of Soil Compaction Handoyo, Handoyo; Amalia, Atika; Sigalingging, Asido Saputra; Ruchimat, Acep; Wiyono, Wiyono; Akin, Özgenç
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 12 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.12.3.423-435

Abstract

The new capital city of Indonesia, Nusantara, in East Kalimantan, is undergoing enormous infrastructural development in Indonesia. Understanding the condition of the soil, sediment, and hardrock layers at this location is critical for geotechnical working principles. In this study, the first arrival P-wave tomography method was used to determine the distribution of P-wave velocity and geotechnical parameters (e.g. porosity, density, void ratio) to better understand the condition of the rock layers at this location. This study involved the use of seismic refraction tomography data consisting of forty-eight channels with a distance between geophones of 1 m, and a source in the form of a sledgehammer weighing 3 kg with a separation distance of 3 m. The natural frequency of the geophones used was 4.5 Hz with a recording time of 1.0 sec. Results of this investigation reveal a thinning hardrock layer from the south to the north, with a thickness ranging from 7 to 16 m correlated to consolidated alluvium. Moreover, the geotechnical parameter of sediment layers, top soil (clayey soil) and unconsolidated alluvium, has a density value range from 1.6 to 1.8 g/cm³, porosity 0.31 to 0.38, and void ratio 0.44 to 0.59. These findings show that the soil layer in the south to the middle of line profile of the studied area has low to medium compaction, requiring soil hardening activities (mechanical compaction) for infrastructure construction. Finally, the findings of this study are expected to help with infrastructure development in the IKN by utilizing geophysical technique.
Spectral-Wise Method Derived by Optical Images For Phosphate Mineral Exploration In Mamuju, West Sulawesi, Indonesia Kurniawan, Rajab; Saepuloh, Asep
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 12 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.12.3.467-480

Abstract

Phosphates are predominantly used in the manufacture of fertilizers for crop nutrition and the production of animal feed supplements. Only 10 – 15 % of the world phosphate rock production has other uses, such as pharmaceuticals, ceramics, an important alternative source of rare earth elements (REE), and Lithium-Iron-Phosphate (LFP) batteries. In Indonesia, various types of rocks are composed of phosphate components, but rocks containing economic value are limited. They are generally found in sedimentary or biogenic phosphate deposits, whereas phosphate resources derived from igneous rocks are still undiscovered. Therefore, regionally accurate mapping using spectral-wise methods is proposed in this study. The five spectral references originated from phosphate minerals from the USGS spectral library were used: fluorapatite, chlorapatite, hydroxylapatite, monazite, and xenotime. The spectral-wise aims to identify anomalies of phosphate minerals based on the behaviour of spectral absorption at wavelength 2 µm. Their spectra showed a similar absorption pattern at a wavelength of 2 µm originating from orthophosphate (PO4). This spectral-wise formulation was then applied to detect the phosphate occurrences using the Landsat 9 image. According to the proposed method, three PO4 prospect zones could successfully be detected covering 2,604 Ha with P2O5 content reaching 1.14 ̶ 2.73 %. It has been verified that the proposed method has an accuracy of about 70 % compared to rock samples containing P2O5 at the field study.
The Physical Appearance and Depositional Environment of The Upper Damar Formation: Alertness from The Deep Pile Benchmark, Field Test, and Laboratory Data in Elucidating Land Subsidence Potential in Kendal-Semarang, Northern Coast of Central Java Suyono, Suyono; Novianto, Muhammad Wafid Agung; Saputra, Sukahar Eka Adi; Wawan Hermawan, Wawan; Sollu, William
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 12 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.12.3.481-503

Abstract

This paper examines the phenomenon land subsidence occurring in Kendal-Semarang, on the northern coast of Central Java Province (Java Island, Indonesia). Previous studies suggested that anthropogenic processes, particularly the over-exploration of groundwater, caused land subsidence in Kendal City and northern Semarang City. However, the geological factors such as sedimentology and stratigraphy below the Holocene deposit are possibly contributing to land subsidence in the Kendal-Semarang area remain unclear. This paper aims to analyze the stratigraphy, sedimentology, and insight into compaction and land subsidence potential of the basement Kendal-Semarang region within the Pliocene-Pleistocene Upper Damar Formation, based on measured sections in selected areas, analysis of deep pile benchmarks, and geotechnical aspects by using Standard Penetration Test (SPT) analysis. Specifically, it investigates the relationship between sediment loading and recent geological changes, related natural phenomena, erosion, and sedimentation, that may influence land stability. Detailed stratigraphic analyses were conducted in six selected locations through field measurements and borehole data to achieve this. These data were complemented by foraminifera and pollen analyses used to date the formation accurately. The stratigraphic interpretation suggests that during the Middle to Late Pliocene, the deposition environment of the Damar Formation transitioned from an upper delta plain to a tidal-influenced pro-delta environment. Two deep-pile benchmarks were also installed to monitor land movement, which revealed significant subsidence over one month, with rates of approximately 2.4 to 2.9 millim per month. These findings are supported by Standard Penetration Test (SPT) results, indicating that the underlying black and grey clay of the Upper Damar Formation-serving as the basement rock-exhibits N-SPT values between 5 and 27, ranging from firm to very stiff. Additionally, SEM analysis showed the prevalence of illite-smectite clay minerals, suggesting a moderate to high potential for compression and settlement under wet conditions. Understanding the compaction behaviour of these sediments helps explain ongoing land subsidence issues in the region, which is crucial for land use planning, infrastructure development, and hazard mitigation.

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