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INDONESIA
IJOG : Indonesian Journal on Geoscience
Published by Geological Agency of Indonesia
ISSN : 23559314     EISSN : 23559306     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Earth & Planetary Sciences
The spirit to improve the journal to be more credible is increasing, and in 2012 it invited earth scientists in East and Southeast Asia as well as some western countries to join the journal for the editor positions in the Indonesia Journal of Geology. This is also to realize our present goal to internationalize the journal, The Indonesian Journal on Geoscience, which is open for papers of geology, geophysics, geochemistry, geodetics, geography, and soil science. This new born journal is expected to be published three times a year. As an international publication, of course it must all be written in an international language, in this case English. This adds difficulties to the effort to obtain good papers in English to publish although the credit points that an author will get are much higher.
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Articles 790 Documents
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Characterization of Carbonate Reservoir Potential in Salawati Basin, West Papua: Analysis of Seismic Direct Hydrocarbon Indicator (DHI), Seismic Attributes, and Seismic Spectrum Decomposition Handoyo, Handoyo; Ronlei, Bernard Cavin; Sigalingging, Asido Saputra; Avseth, Per; Triyana, Endra; Akin, Özgenç; Young, Paul; Alcalde, Juan; Carbonell, Ramon
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 11 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.11.2.173-188

Abstract

Carbonate reservoir of Kais Formation in Salawati Basin, West Papua, is the most famous oil and gas reservoir in the eastern part of Indonesian Archipelago since 1970’s. Nowadays, new prospects in this area are more challenging and most relevant near the infrastructure of previous oil and gas fields. In this study, a relatively new seismic dataset was investigated to figure out new prospects in carbonate reservoir rocks in the area of interest. In this preliminary study, where seismic data are not supported by well data, direct hydrocarbon indicator (DHI), seismic attribute, and spectral decomposition (CWT: continuous wavelet transform) allow the authors to characterize the reservoir geometry and to predict pore fluids within the reservoir rocks. The reservoir geometry of carbonate reef of Kais Formation (C1) was identified by seismic reflectors with high amplitude contrast at the top C1. The hydrocarbon indicator was predicted by DHI where dim spots, flat spots, and polarity reversals are indicative of hydrocarbon prospects. From the attribute analysis, the attribute instantaneous amplitude detected the top carbonate C1, whereas pore fluids were predicted from high sweetness attribute. In addition, spectral decomposition CWT method confirms the top C1, identified as saturated rock by the frequency of 10 Hz, 20 Hz, and 30 Hz. Based on a seismic study in the researched area, the target zone is expected to be a very promising hydrocarbon reservoir, specifically a carbonate reservoir. As a result, the preferred well-test location is in a region with access to the Kais Formation limestone reef layer. This study can assist in reservoir characterization, especially in areas with limited well control.
Integration of Soil Shear Strength Analysis with Wave Force Calculations to Optimize Coastal Slope Stability Soesanto, Edy; Muslim, Dicky; Sudjono, Evie Hadrijantie; Endayana, Cipta
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.12.2.145-162

Abstract

Coastal regions face significant challenges due to the dynamic interplay between waves and soil slopes, which can lead to instability and erosion. This study investigates the stability of coastal slopes under wave-loading conditions by integrating soil shear strength analysis with wave-induced forces calculation. The simplified slope stability analysis method serves as the framework for assessing slope stability, while wave characteristics such as height, period, and direction are considered to calculate driving forces induced by waves. Soil shear strength parameters, including cohesion and friction angle, are incorporated to determine the resisting forces within the soil mass. An example scenario illustrates the calculation process, demonstrating how wave shear stress and soil shear strength interact to influence slope stability. This research found that wave parameters such as height, period, and direction had a significant influence on the magnitude of the driving force acting on the coastal slope. The distribution of wave pressure and wave forcing is also described, showing a significant increase in pressure at certain depths. This research resulted in the integration of soil shear strength with calculations of forces caused by waves, which greatly influenced the stability of coastal slopes. This research shows that soil with higher shear strength has better resistance to forces caused by waves. Coastal slopes with a FoS value of more than 1 are considered stable, while slopes with a FoS of less than 1 indicate instability and potential failure. At a certain depth, driving forces are dominant, which increases the potential for slope failure. The main innovation of this research is the approach that combines hydrodynamic analysis with geotechnical analysis to assess coastal slope stability, the simplified slope stability method approach from Bea and Audibert (1981) to calculate FoS on coastal slopes, and the use of Historical Data and Numerical Modeling forForce Evaluation Wave.
Nickel and Scandium-Bearing Minerals Associated with Limonitic Laterite Zone of the Lameruru Deposit in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia Supit, Jance Mudjani; Idrus, Arifudin; Petrus, Himawan Tri Bayu Murti; Sukadana, I Gde; Pratiwi, Fadiah
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.12.2.175-197

Abstract

This study investigates nickel and scandium enrichment within a laterite profile developed on ultramafic rocks in the Lameruru area, Southeast Sulawesi. Utilizing mineralogical and geochemical analyses, the research examines transformations from parent rock through four laterite horizons: rocky saprolite, earthy saprolite, yellow limonite, and red limonite. Results reveal distinct enrichment patterns for Ni and Sc. Nickel is concentrated in the saprolite, hosted by minerals such as willemseite, vermiculite, lizardite, and antigorite, and decreases towards the red limonite, suggesting an initial enrichment during weathering followed by remobilization. Conversely, Sc increases throughout the profile, peaking in the red limonite and dominantly associated with goethite. Nickel is structurally bound within mineral lattices, while scandium is adsorbed onto mineral surfaces, particularly goethite in the red limonite. This contrasting behaviour highlights different geochemical controls influencing Ni and Sc enrichment during lateritization. Further research should explore these mechanisms to optimize recovery strategies.
Enhanced 3D Seismic Image Resolution by Applied Attributes for Improved Carbonate Reservoir Characterization in Karawang Region, North West Java Sudarsana, Muhammad Rizki; Syafri, Ildrem; Agus Nur, Andi; Abdurrokhim, Abdurrokhim
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 12 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.12.3.401-412

Abstract

The study focuses on the enhancement of 3D seismic data to improve the interpretation of carbonate growth phases within Middle Miocene limestone formations in the Karawang region, north west Java. By applying a sequential workflow of various seismic attributes, including the second derivative, phase shift, frequency filter, structural smoothing, and iterative trace Automatic Gain Control (AGC), the vertical resolution of seismic events is significantly improved, from an initial dominant frequency of 22 Hz (38 m tuning thickness) to a final effective dominant frequency of 33 Hz after all enhancements. These enhancements facilitate a clearer delineation of stratigraphy, depositional patterns, and the geometry of carbonate growth cycles. The integration of well data, including wireline logs and synthetic seismograms, with enhanced 3D seismic sections provides a comprehensive understanding of subsurface features and porosity development in the target area. The enhanced data enabled the identification of four distinct carbonate growth phases, revealing complex thickness variations and depositional architectures controlled by sea-level fluctuations. This integrated approach demonstrates the critical role of optimized seismic attribute application for detailed carbonate reservoir characterization and optimizing well placement for hydrocarbon exploration and exploitation.
Tsunami Vulnerability Analysis of Makran Subduction Zone through Fuzzy Logic Rehman, Adil; Zhang, Huai
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 12 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.12.3.413-421

Abstract

Tsunamis are among the most terrifying natural hazards, causing significant loss of life and property and impacting our society’s human, economic, and social aspects. Given their destructive nature, developing effective techniques for tsunami observation and demolition reduction is crucial. This study proposes a novel tsunami detection and alert system utilizing fuzzy logic to mitigate these impacts. The primary objective of this research is to develop and implement a fuzzy logic-based tsunami prediction system that generates alerts indicating the likelihood of a tsunami-categorized as definite, certain, average, or rare. In the present study, we employ the fuzzy logic technique in MATLAB, using various defuzzification techniques available in the MATLAB fuzzy logic toolbox. The calculated values for the tsunami alert system in the Makran Subduction Zone are as follows: rare (1.91), average (4.75), certain (6.75), and definite (8.8). The designed tsunami alert system and model can predict tsunamis automatically and manually, potentially saving many lives more effectively than previous methods. The research objectives of this study are to (1) develop a fuzzy logic-based model for tsunami prediction, (2) implement the model using MATLAB, and (3) evaluate the model’s performance in generating accurate tsunami alerts.
Geotechnical Parameters Determination by Using Seismic Refraction Tomography in The New Capital City of Indonesia, Nusantara: Implication to Analysis of Soil Compaction Handoyo, Handoyo; Amalia, Atika; Sigalingging, Asido Saputra; Ruchimat, Acep; Wiyono, Wiyono; Akin, Özgenç
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 12 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.12.3.423-435

Abstract

The new capital city of Indonesia, Nusantara, in East Kalimantan, is undergoing enormous infrastructural development in Indonesia. Understanding the condition of the soil, sediment, and hardrock layers at this location is critical for geotechnical working principles. In this study, the first arrival P-wave tomography method was used to determine the distribution of P-wave velocity and geotechnical parameters (e.g. porosity, density, void ratio) to better understand the condition of the rock layers at this location. This study involved the use of seismic refraction tomography data consisting of forty-eight channels with a distance between geophones of 1 m, and a source in the form of a sledgehammer weighing 3 kg with a separation distance of 3 m. The natural frequency of the geophones used was 4.5 Hz with a recording time of 1.0 sec. Results of this investigation reveal a thinning hardrock layer from the south to the north, with a thickness ranging from 7 to 16 m correlated to consolidated alluvium. Moreover, the geotechnical parameter of sediment layers, top soil (clayey soil) and unconsolidated alluvium, has a density value range from 1.6 to 1.8 g/cm³, porosity 0.31 to 0.38, and void ratio 0.44 to 0.59. These findings show that the soil layer in the south to the middle of line profile of the studied area has low to medium compaction, requiring soil hardening activities (mechanical compaction) for infrastructure construction. Finally, the findings of this study are expected to help with infrastructure development in the IKN by utilizing geophysical technique.
Spectral-Wise Method Derived by Optical Images For Phosphate Mineral Exploration In Mamuju, West Sulawesi, Indonesia Kurniawan, Rajab; Saepuloh, Asep
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 12 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.12.3.467-480

Abstract

Phosphates are predominantly used in the manufacture of fertilizers for crop nutrition and the production of animal feed supplements. Only 10 – 15 % of the world phosphate rock production has other uses, such as pharmaceuticals, ceramics, an important alternative source of rare earth elements (REE), and Lithium-Iron-Phosphate (LFP) batteries. In Indonesia, various types of rocks are composed of phosphate components, but rocks containing economic value are limited. They are generally found in sedimentary or biogenic phosphate deposits, whereas phosphate resources derived from igneous rocks are still undiscovered. Therefore, regionally accurate mapping using spectral-wise methods is proposed in this study. The five spectral references originated from phosphate minerals from the USGS spectral library were used: fluorapatite, chlorapatite, hydroxylapatite, monazite, and xenotime. The spectral-wise aims to identify anomalies of phosphate minerals based on the behaviour of spectral absorption at wavelength 2 µm. Their spectra showed a similar absorption pattern at a wavelength of 2 µm originating from orthophosphate (PO4). This spectral-wise formulation was then applied to detect the phosphate occurrences using the Landsat 9 image. According to the proposed method, three PO4 prospect zones could successfully be detected covering 2,604 Ha with P2O5 content reaching 1.14 ̶ 2.73 %. It has been verified that the proposed method has an accuracy of about 70 % compared to rock samples containing P2O5 at the field study.
The Physical Appearance and Depositional Environment of The Upper Damar Formation: Alertness from The Deep Pile Benchmark, Field Test, and Laboratory Data in Elucidating Land Subsidence Potential in Kendal-Semarang, Northern Coast of Central Java Suyono, Suyono; Novianto, Muhammad Wafid Agung; Saputra, Sukahar Eka Adi; Wawan Hermawan, Wawan; Sollu, William
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 12 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.12.3.481-503

Abstract

This paper examines the phenomenon land subsidence occurring in Kendal-Semarang, on the northern coast of Central Java Province (Java Island, Indonesia). Previous studies suggested that anthropogenic processes, particularly the over-exploration of groundwater, caused land subsidence in Kendal City and northern Semarang City. However, the geological factors such as sedimentology and stratigraphy below the Holocene deposit are possibly contributing to land subsidence in the Kendal-Semarang area remain unclear. This paper aims to analyze the stratigraphy, sedimentology, and insight into compaction and land subsidence potential of the basement Kendal-Semarang region within the Pliocene-Pleistocene Upper Damar Formation, based on measured sections in selected areas, analysis of deep pile benchmarks, and geotechnical aspects by using Standard Penetration Test (SPT) analysis. Specifically, it investigates the relationship between sediment loading and recent geological changes, related natural phenomena, erosion, and sedimentation, that may influence land stability. Detailed stratigraphic analyses were conducted in six selected locations through field measurements and borehole data to achieve this. These data were complemented by foraminifera and pollen analyses used to date the formation accurately. The stratigraphic interpretation suggests that during the Middle to Late Pliocene, the deposition environment of the Damar Formation transitioned from an upper delta plain to a tidal-influenced pro-delta environment. Two deep-pile benchmarks were also installed to monitor land movement, which revealed significant subsidence over one month, with rates of approximately 2.4 to 2.9 millim per month. These findings are supported by Standard Penetration Test (SPT) results, indicating that the underlying black and grey clay of the Upper Damar Formation-serving as the basement rock-exhibits N-SPT values between 5 and 27, ranging from firm to very stiff. Additionally, SEM analysis showed the prevalence of illite-smectite clay minerals, suggesting a moderate to high potential for compression and settlement under wet conditions. Understanding the compaction behaviour of these sediments helps explain ongoing land subsidence issues in the region, which is crucial for land use planning, infrastructure development, and hazard mitigation.
Regional Geodynamic Implications of Proterozoic Volcanic and Metasedimentary Sequences in The Kirana Hills, Punjab, Pakistan Talal Ahmed; Hassan, Iqra
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 12 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.12.3.437-465

Abstract

The Proterozoic volcanic and metasedimentary sequences of Kirana Hills, Punjab, Pakistan, provide critical insights into the region geodynamic evolution of the northwestern margin of The Indian Shield. This study investigates the region stratigraphy, structural framework, and lithological variations of The Kirana Complex, and analyzes fracture studies to reconstruct regional geodynamic processes. The aim of this research is placed on understanding how volcanic and metasedimentary assemblages, along with deformation patterns, reflect the tectonic settings and subsequent crustal evolution of the area dated back to approximately 870 ± 40 million years. The studied region field investigations, geological mapping, and fracture analyses were combined with factor-mapped datasets. Fracture characterization was performed using circle inventory methods for the three sites to quantify structural orientation, density, porosity, and permeability. The rose diagram interpretation for the fracture analysis study was performed using permeability, and using the circle inventory method to understand tectonic deformation and fluid movement. The findings suggest that the region is exposed to Proterozoic sequences of volcanic rocks dominated mostly by rhyolite, basalt, dolerite, quartzite, and volcanogenic slates of mostly Hachi Volcanics and Mach Super Group with distinct evidence of multiple magmatic and tectono-metamorphic phases. Field evidence of felsic-mafic associations, mineralization (hematite, limonite, micaceous hematite, jasper, and bornite), and other alterations highlight fluid-rock interaction and multiple shifts of mineralization. The fracture studies show (i). Hadda Quartzite shows N-S oriented conjugate fractures associated with compressive stress and migration of paleo-fluids; (ii). In the Buland Hill Formation, there is evidence of radial and concentric fractures around volcanic vents with mineralized joints that indicate signs of hydrothermal activity; and (iii). The Foliation-aligned fractures of The Asianwala Formation suggest the related foliation-based shear deformation. Taken together, these characteristics point to the existence of an initial history of extensional regimes associated with continental rifting, then compressional reworking and progressive deformation. This work lies in its integration of fracture analysis study with regional structural and lithological studies and mapping of site characterization during the field analysis. This approach refines existing models of Kirana by linking fracture-controlled fluid migration to broader geodynamic processes.
Explosive Signature of The April 30th, 2024 Ruang Volcano Eruption in The Sangihe Arc, Indonesia, Inferred from Erupted Material Characteristics: A Preliminary Assessment Purnamasari, Heruningtyas Desi; Saepuloh, Asep; Primulyana, Sofyan; Adriansyah, David; Prayoga, Ardy Setya; Agustiningtyas, Lestari; Wijaya, P. Hadi; Gunawan, Hendra
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 12 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.12.3.11-17

Abstract

The 2024 eruptions of Ruang Volcano in North Sulawesi, Indonesia, represent one of the most explosive and impactful volcanic events in the region's recent history. The eruption sequence, which commenced on April 16th and peaked with significant explosive episodes on April 17th and 30th, resulted in the evacuation of over 9,000 residents and demonstrated the volcano’s capacity for high-energy eruptive activity. This preliminary analysis of the April 30, 2024, Ruang Volcano eruption emphasises the importance of ejected materials—such as high-vesicular juvenile fragments, crystal-rich components, and megacrysts of amphibole (hornblende)—in revealing the eruption’s explosive signature. Geochemical analysis of juvenile materials indicates a basaltic andesite composition, with SiO₂ contents ranging from 53.02% to 54.27%. Petrographic examination and SEM observations reveal high vesicularity, ruptured bubble walls, and microlite-rich groundmass textures, indicative of rapid ascent and intense degassing, which facilitated efficient magma fragmentation. These features suggest that the magma underwent rapid decompression. Understanding these properties provides important clues about the mechanisms underlying the explosiveness of the Ruang eruption.

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