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INDONESIA
IJOG : Indonesian Journal on Geoscience
Published by Geological Agency of Indonesia
ISSN : 23559314     EISSN : 23559306     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science,
Earth & Planetary Sciences
The spirit to improve the journal to be more credible is increasing, and in 2012 it invited earth scientists in East and Southeast Asia as well as some western countries to join the journal for the editor positions in the Indonesia Journal of Geology. This is also to realize our present goal to internationalize the journal, The Indonesian Journal on Geoscience, which is open for papers of geology, geophysics, geochemistry, geodetics, geography, and soil science. This new born journal is expected to be published three times a year. As an international publication, of course it must all be written in an international language, in this case English. This adds difficulties to the effort to obtain good papers in English to publish although the credit points that an author will get are much higher.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 796 Documents
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The Light Hydrocarbon Components and Oil-Oil Correlation in Niger Delta Crude Oil: Insights into Source, Thermal Maturation, and In-Reservoir Alteration Processes Egbo, Omonigho; ADEIGBE, Olubunmi; Esegbue, Onoriode
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.12.2.267-279

Abstract

Geochemical fingerprints offer useful insight into source inputs, thermal maturity, and alteration processes. Nonetheless, detailed light hydrocarbon (LH) compositional studies across The Niger Delta have not adequately been considered. Thus, twenty-six oil sets from several subbasins (depobelts) were examined, using gas chromatography (GC) approach, aimed at determining the source input and thermal maturity in-reservoir alterations, and then correlating the oils. This provides critical insights for oil characterization in the basin by examining the distribution and abundance of LHs. Mango's invariant K1 ratio of LHs clearly delineates the oils into two homologous sets, with a narrow range (0.83 ̶ 0.94 and 0.95 ̶ 1.13), consistent with the plot of ph/nC18 vs. pr/nC17 of heavy molecular weight (HMW). The studied oils reflect a modest distribution between Thompson's aliphatic and aromatic curves scheme (Kerogen Type), with heptane ratios varying from 0.64 to 22.04 %, on the average of 16.19 %, indicating contributions from a range of sources typical of type II/III kerogen. The LHs component of the examined oils has an overall six-ring preference, with methylcyclohexane varying from 46.15 to 81.86 %, the average of 56.50 %, dimethyl-cyc %, suggesting a significant input from higher plants. The data suggest expulsions from various source rocks of terrestrial organofacies, with variable contributions from marine sources that were initially laid down in oxic to sub-oxic environments, and range from early to peak oil thermal maturity. Nonetheless, most samples from Greater Ughelli showed varying degrees of evaporative fractionation, suggesting gas washing in the depobelt.
Advanced Satellite-Based Spectral Techniques for Identifying and Quantifying Soil Clay Minerals Devnita, Rina; Arifin, Mahfud; Ramadhan, Ilmi
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 12 No. 2 (2025)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.12.2.301-318

Abstract

Soil mineral plays an important role in agriculture due to its ability in influencing soil physical and chemical characteristics, and therefore is important to be identified. The techniques for identifying soil minerals, such as the utilization of a polarization microscope and X-Ray Diffraction (XRD), are often laborious, time-consuming, and costly. This study aims to identify and to quantify soil clay minerals by using Hyperion EO-1 imagery and XRD methods, and to reveal the effectiveness of using satellite imagery to determine soil minerals. Spectral signatures from Hyperion EO-1 were extracted in alignment with the soil sampling coordinate locations, and spectral data processing methods such as Continuum Removal (CR), and Savitzky-Golay filtering were used to identify and to quantify minerals. The results show that hyperspectral analysis revealed distinct spectral absorption features, and it could identify kaolinite, chlorite, goethite, hematite, and plagioclase. Meanwhile, XRD analysis confirmed kaolinite and chlorite, consistent with the hyperspectral observations. A key advantage of the spectral absorption technique for raw soil was its ability to identify not only clay minerals, but also both primary and secondary minerals, such as plagioclase, hematite, and goethite, that remain unidentified when using the XRD method with iron removal pre-treatment. Although hyperspectral imagery was successful in identifying soil minerals, there are still some limitations that require further refinement, especially while conducting quantification. The findings underscored the potential of satellite-based hyperspectral analysis as a rapid alternative approach to soil mineral identification that can reduce reliance on laboratory-based methods.
Makassar Strait Thrust - Mamuju Segment (MSTM) Perspective on Radioactive Mineral Exploration: A Case Study in Rantedoda, Mamuju Ciputra, Roni Cahya; Pratiwi, Fadiah; Putra, Aldo Febriansyah; Syaeful, Heri; Indrastomo, Frederikus Dian; Adimedha, Tyto Baskara; Rachael, Yoshi; Sukadana, I Gde
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 12 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.12.3.319-341

Abstract

The Makassar Strait Thrust – Mamuju Segment (MSTM) is a key structural feature influencing uranium (U), thorium (Th), and rare earth element (REE) mineralization in Mamuju, West Sulawesi. This study explores the relationship between tectonic deformation, weathering processes, and mineralization, focusing on the Rantedoda sector. Integrated geomorphic, geological, radiometric, petrographic, and geochemical analyses reveal that MSTM faults act as conduits for hydrothermal fluids, promoting mineral mobilization, alteration, and enrichment in fault zones. MSTM produced curved NW ̶ SE to N ̶ S thrusts torn by NE ̶ SW right-lateral strike-slip faults in the studied area. Radiometric data highlight anisotropic distributions of U, Th, and dose rates aligned with NE ̶ SW and NW ̶ SE fault trends. Geochemical indices demonstrate that weathering is critical for REE and Th enrichment, as high eTh and low K values indicate. Moreover, fault-facilitated hydrothermal clay alteration supports U adsorption, as noted by high values of all radiometric parameters in the area near a fault. These findings establish the critical role of fault systems in controlling mineralization processes, providing a framework for targeted exploration strategies in tectonically complex terrains of the Mamuju area.
Insight Into The 2024-2025 Eruption of Lewotobi Laki-Laki Volcano in Flores Island, Indonesia: An Overview Andreastuti, Supriyati Dwi; Haerani, Nia; Kristianto, Kristianto; Prayoga, Ardy Setya; Putra, Raditya; Mboro, Herman Yosef; Bere, Emanuel Rofinus; Lamanepa, Anselmus Bobyson; Purnamasari, Heruningtyas Desi
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 12 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.12.3.1-9

Abstract

Between November 2024 and April 2025, Lewotobi Laki-laki Volcano (1,584 m a.s.l.), situated in Flores Regency, East Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia, exhibited eruptive activity that significantly impacted the surrounding environment. Volcanic ash was extensively deposited across residential areas, agricultural land, and forested regions. Two major eruptive events occurred on 3rd November 2024 and 20th March 2025. Historical records indicate that Lewotobi Laki-laki has been active since 1861 CE, typically characterized by mild eruptions involving ash emission, lava flows, and dome formation. However, in the beginning of November 2024, the volcano activity intensified, culminating in a directed blast eruption on 3rd November at 23:57 Central Indonesian Time from its northwestern upper flank (Kushendratno et al., 2024). This event ignited fires in nearby villages, and resulted in nine fatalities due to exposure to blast material. Subsequently, on 20th March at 22:56 Central Indonesian Time, a vertical explosive eruption occurred from the central vent, generating an eruption column that ascended to approximately 8,000 m (Kristianto et al., 2025), and produced column collapse predominantly affected the west ̶ northeastern flank, causing three reported injuries. These incidents highlight the critical need for proactive eruption forecasting and the implementation of corresponding mitigation strategies. The eruption on 3rd November 2024 prompted a revision of the Lewotobi Lakilaki hazard map, reflecting a newly observed eruptive style with a pronounced northwestern trajectory.
Hydrogeochemistry and Groundwater Quality Assessment of Shallow Groundwater in the Penguluran Basin, East Java, Indonesia Masitoh, Ferryati; Rusydi, Alfi Nur; Taryana, Didik
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 12 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.12.3.343-365

Abstract

Research of the hydrogeochemistry and groundwater quality of shallow groundwater in The Penguluran Basin, East Java, Indonesia, is still very limited. This study aims to identify hydrogeochemistry and groundwater quality in the shallow groundwater of The Penguluran Basin. Twelve water samples were taken from the residents' wells in July during the dry season. Groundwater samples were analyzed in the laboratory to determine the concentration of major ions. The major ions include Mg2+, Na+, K+, Ca+ and anion CO32-; HCO3-; SO42-; Cl-. Laboratory results were analyzed using Piper Trilinear Diagram and Gibbs Diagram, Weathering type, Sodium Adsorption Ratio (SAR), Soluble Sodium Percentage (SSP), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Permeable Index (PI), Magnesium Hazard (MH), Chloro-Alkaline Indices (CAI), Corrosivity Ratio (CR), and Anthropogenic Impact (AI) using NO3-. The results showed that hydrogeochemical facies in the studied area were of Ca+- Mg2+- HCO3- type. Groundwater cations were dominated by Ca+, while anions were dominated by HCO3-. The concentration of cations were Ca+ > Mg2+ > Na+ > K+, while the anions were HCO3- > Cl- > SO42- > CO32-. Groundwater in Penguluran Basin was freshwater with silicate weathering type. Analysis of major groundwater ions for agricultural irrigation purposes showed that most groundwater samples were safe for agricultural irrigation. The CAI-I and CAI-II had mostly negative values. Samples showing negative CAI values also showed silica weathering. CR values were mostly <1 indicated that naturally groundwater was safe from corrosive vulnerability for industry purposes. Nitrate levels in the groundwater showed that 58 % exceeded the allowable limit due to the high risk of anthropogenic impacts to groundwater. The research is expected to provide new information about groundwater in The Penguluran Basin.
Magnetic Basement Depth from Marine Magnetic Data in Cendrawasih Bay Hydrocarbon Prospect Area, Bird Head, Papua, Indonesia Ibrahim, Khalil; Kawab, Gracia Abigail Paraskah; Bijaksana, Satria; Fajar, Silvia Jannatul; Sapiie, Benyamin; Ngkoimani, La Ode; Suryanata, Putu Billy; Harlianti, Ulvienin; Kurniawan, Syaiful Apri; Wibisono, Salsabila Nadhifa
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 12 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.12.3.383-400

Abstract

The magnetic basement and structural segmentation of the eastern Bird Head region, Papua, were investigated using marine magnetic data and frequency-domain inversion (MagB_Inv). The studied area includes The Cendrawasih and Yapen–Biak Basins, both were influenced by the Yapen strike-slip fault and transtensional tectonics. Processing involved reducing to the pole, spectral depth estimation, and 3D magnetic inversion to delineate basement geometry, and to infer the sediment thickness. Three structurally bounded subbasins were identified: (1) between Cendrawasih Bay and Num Island, (2) between Cendrawasih Bay and Yapen Island, and (3) between Yapen and Biak Islands. These subbasins exhibit magnetic basement depths ranging from 0.4 to 7 km and sediment thicknesses exceeding 3 km. Magnetic highs around Yapen Island correlate with Miocene volcanic and ultramafic outcrops, interpreted as shallow high-magnetization crustal blocks. The subbasins are bounded by ridges and faults, including the Yapen Fault Zone and fold-thrust systems, which deform both basement and sedimentary cover. The basement morphology controls sediment distribution, and defines fault-bound sedimentary zones, consistent with regional tectonic trends. Seismic cross-sections and shallow earthquake hypocentres, and further supports this structural segmentation. These results provide a structural framework to understand the basin structure, and to support preliminary hydrocarbon evaluations in this underexplored region. Despite these insights, interpretations are constrained by the non-uniqueness of magnetic inversion prosess and the absence of well and high-resolution seismic data.
Analysis of Lithological Aspects and Their Influence on Slope Stability of the Failed Riverbank in Ajil, Hulu Terengganu, Malaysia Razali, Sofea; bin Abdul Rahman, Muhd Nur Ismail; Seh Wali, Siti Syaza Aiman; Nazarudin, Dony Adriansyah; Zulkifli, Muhamad Zaki; Roslan, Ahmad Nor Zaimie; Arifin, Effi Helmy
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 12 No. 3 (2025)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.12.3.367-382

Abstract

Riverbank erosion has become a serious problem in The Hulu Terengganu River recently. In some locations, the failed riverbank is particularly hazardous, especially near recreational and plantation areas. Therefore, this study aims to assess the lithological characteristics controlling the failed riverbank in Ajil, Hulu Terengganu, Malaysia. Two localities were chosen based on the hazardous conditions and severity of erosion along the riverbanks. Both riverbanks were vertically logged to differentiate lithological units. Field observations identified four lithological horizons, designated as Litho A-D, based on in-situ characteristics (i.e. structure, plant roots, grain size). Samples were taken from selected horizons for Particle Size Analysis (PSA) and Atterberg limit testing. The results of the investigation from PSA indicate that the samples from localities L1S1, L2S1, L1S2, and L2S2 exhibit positive skewness, with fine sediment sizes identified as silt-clay for L1S1 and L1S2, and sand-silt for L2S1 and L2S2. Conversely, samples L1S3 and L2S3 demonstrate a trend of negative skewness, indicating coarse sediment sizes. The results indicate that the sand-silt composition suggests a decrease in water flow energy from high to low. The coefficient of uniformity (Cu) in this study ranged between 3.6 to 9.81, and the coefficient of curvature (Cc) ranged from 0.63 to 1.66. The Cc values for L1S3 and L2S3 are below 1.0 indicating well-graded soil, while the Cc values for other samples are above 1.0 indicating poorly graded soil.
Characterization of Rare Earth Elements in Cassiterite-Associated Minerals in Bangka-Belitung Islands, Indonesia Syafrizal, Syafrizal; Hede, Arie Naftali Hawu; Rivai, Tomy Alvin; Sihite, Rudy Fernando
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 11 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.11.2.201-219

Abstract

Rare earth elements (REEs) are crucial to numerous industries of high-technology as raw materials. The growth of a long-term relationship between REE supply and demand to develop hi-tech industries is becoming tight in the world market, while the mineral supply chain is being distorted by COVID-19. The availability of information and data regarding the REE resource potential and characteristics are interesting research subjects to examine its economic value as alternative sources. This research aims to provide basic information about the existence and characteristics of REEs in cassiterite-associated minerals located in Bangka and Belitung Islands. Fifty-one samples consisting of primary deposits, placer deposits, concentrates, and tailings were collected from the southern Bangka and Belitung region. The samples were analyzed using microscope, x-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), electron probe micro-analysis (EPMA), and inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry (ICP-MS). The results show that the REE-bearing minerals comprised monazite and xenotime. Monazite, the most dominant REE-bearing mineral, contains light REEs (Ce-dominant), while xenotime contains heavy REE (Y-dominant). The results of SEM with energy-dispersive spectroscopy show that monazite contains other LREE (La and Nd), and xenotime also contains other HREE (Dy and Yb). Moreover, zircon and ilmenite can be considered as economical cassiterite-associated minerals that have other mineral inclusion, but have no REE contain.
Tertiary Magmatism in Northwestern Kalimantan: Probability of Volcanic Hazard to The Nuclear Power Plant Site Candidate at Gosong Beach, Bengkayang Regency Pratiwi, Fadiah; Sukadana, I Gde; Draniswari, Windi Anartha; Ngadenin, Ngadenin; Adimedha, Tyto Baskara; Ciputra, Roni Cahya; Argianto, Ekky Novia Stasia; Aminarthi, Erwina; Supraba, Vertika Dhianda; Sunarko, Sunarko
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 11 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.11.2.231-249

Abstract

Gosong Beach in Bengkayang, West Kalimantan, is selected as a potential Nuclear Power Plant (NPP) site candidate. Volcanic and intrusive rocks are found in the radius of 150 km from it. Based on IAEA (International Atomic Energy Agency) standard, the main assessment target is volcanic rock that is younger than 10 Ma. However, there are Tertiary volcanic and intrusive rocks next to and cover a wide area around the NPP site that show volcanic activities over the Tertiary period. Therefore, it is necessary to investigate this group of rocks to understand its characteristics. This study aims to characterize the geochemistry and petrology of the Tertiary volcanic and intrusive rocks found in northwestern Kalimantan. The fieldwork was conducted to observe and to take Serantak volcanic rocks, Bawang dacite, Niut volcanics, and Sintang intrusion samples. The XRF and micro-XRF analyses were conducted to characterize the geochemical aspect, while petrography and AMICS analyses were conducted to characterize the mineralogical aspect. The result shows that Serantak volcanic rocks, Bawang dacite, Niut volcanics, and Sintang intrusion are derived from tholeiitic to calc-alkaline as a product of mantel partial melting in the subduction zone which go through fractional crystallization. The volcanic activity was initiated by the rise of primitive parental magma from partial melting in the shallow-depth subducted crust as indicated by the garnet-free HREE pattern, the enrichment of LILE and LREE, and the depleted HREE. The Tertiary magmatism in northwestern Kalimantan was found in a small activity with a small impact on the NPP candidate site at Gosong Beach, Bangkayang.
The Importance of Reservoir Geomechanic Modelling for Carbon Sequestration, Storage, and Utilization: A Case Study from East Natuna Cherdasa, Jeres Rorym; Ariadji, Tutuka; Sapiie, Benjamin; Siagian, Ucok W.R.
Indonesian Journal on Geoscience Vol. 11 No. 2 (2024)
Publisher : Geological Agency

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.17014/ijog.11.2.269-293

Abstract

East Natuna is well known for its huge natural gas reserves with a very high CO2 content. The appearance of CO2 content in an oil and gas field is always considered as waste material, and will severely affect the economic value of the field. The higher the content, the more costly the process, both technically and environmentally. In this research, the newly proposed reservoir management approach called CSSU (Carbon Sequestration, Storage, and Utilization) method is trying to be applied to change the paradigm of CO2 from waste material into economic material. The CSSU method is an integration of geological, geophysical, reservoir engineering, and engineering economics with the determination of technical and economic optimization of the use of CO2 produced as the working fluid in a power generation system that has been conditioned through an injection-production system in geological formations. Reservoir simulation modeling is done by three models, namely: Compositional, Compositional + Geomechanical Coupling, and Compositional + Geomechanical Coupling + Thermal. There is a difference in the the total injection between Compositional + Geomechanical Coupling and ordinary Compositional simulations of 1-2 % due to factors such as Modulus Young, Poisson's Ratio, Angle of Internal Friction, and Biot's Coefficient which affect the reservoir pore volume calculations and the total CO2 fluid injection calculation. The changes in geomechanical parameters will affect the CSSU techno-economic analysis where a 30 % change in the rock compressibility and poisson ratio parameters will effect changes in the electrical energy amounts being produced by 0.01 MW or 0.33 %, and in an economic value of 4 MMUS $ or 2.24 %.

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