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INDONESIA
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Published by Badan Penelitian dan Penegembangan Kehutanan
ISSN : 02164329     EISSN : 24428957     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,559 Documents
 117   118   119   120   121 
EFEKTIVITAS FUNGI CIPANAS DALAM BIOKONVERSI TANDAN KOSONG KELAPA SAWIT (TKKS) MENJADI PULP KERTAS KORAN Ridwan Achmad Pasaribu; Setyani Budi Lestari
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 21, No 3 (2003): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2003.21.3.189-201

Abstract

Empty oil-palm bunches (EOPB), due to high contents of lignin (24.68 percent) and extractives (5.57 percent), is less economical when it is pulped using the conventional semi-chemical or semi- mechanical process into newsprint pulp. The conventional process is unable to partly dissolve the lignin and ex/ractives effectively, and consequently produces EOPB pulp with undesirable results, i.e. low screened yield, poor qualities, and longer defiberation and fibrillation duration. As one way to cope with it, the EOPB prior to the soda anthraquinone (AQ) semi-chemical pulping should be pretreated by biodelignification.In this regard, the EOPB chips were biodelignified through the inoculation of the raw materials with the Cipanas-strainfungi (CPSOI) as much as 5-and 10-percent (oven dry weight), and further incubated for I0-and 20-days. Afterwards, the fungi-treatedchips were semi-chemically pulped using the soda-AQ process into newsprint pulp after they are cooked in an electrically heated digester. After the cooking, the EOPB chips were defiberized in a Hollander beater, stone-refined, and then fibrillated in a Niagara beater into ultimately the EOPB pulp with the degree offreeness at 300 CSF. The handsheet was further prepared from the EOPB pulp with the basis weight 45 - 50 gram per m3. This experiment was mainly aimed at evaluating the effectiveness of biodelignification using Cipanas-strain fungi on the chemical components, processing properties, and qualities of the resulting EOPB pulp for newsprint. The chemical analysis revealed that the inoculation of the EOPB chips with 10-percent of CPSO I isolat followed by 20-day incubation period brought about the decreases in lignin and extractive contents by 6.32-and-2.61-percent, respectively. Besides such biodelignification also induces the increase in pulp yield (by maximally 3.98 percent), and the decreases in kappa number and energy consumption (by 11.19 and 17.56 percent, respectively). Further, the EOPB 's pulp handsheet for newsprint achieved particular values of tensile index (43.67 Nm/gr), tear index (7.96 Nm2/kg), opacity (93.98 percent) and brightness (58.04 °GE) which corresponded to those of Indonesian National Standard (SNI) No.14-0691-1998 for newsprint.
ANTAGONISME ANTARA KUMBANG AMBROSIA XYLEBORUS SP. DAN JAMUR BIRU YANG MENYERANG DOLOK TUSAM (PINUS MERKUSII) Paimin Sukartana
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 12, No 4 (1994): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1994.12.4.117-120

Abstract

 Freshly cut logs of tusam (Pinus  merkusii) are very susceptible to the infestation of the ambrosia beetle Xyleborus sp.  and blue stain fungi. An observation showed that both wood deteriorating organisms might infest a same log simultaneously, but they did not inhabit the same area. They have their own area which are separated from one to another. There is an indication that any parts of logs having been infested by the fungi will not be suitable any more for  the beetle's host.  It seems that the ambrosia beetle is deterred or repelled by the presence of the blue stain fungi  infestation, or at least,  the beetle responds unfavorably to the  fungi.
SIFAT PAPAN WOL KAYU DARI SEMBILAN-JENIS KAYU KALIMANTAN BARAT I M Sulastiningsih; Rozak Memed; Paribotro Sutigno
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 8, No 4 (1990): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1990.8.4.134-139

Abstract

The results of laboratory test of ioood-wool  board properties made /Tont nine wood species obtained from West Ka• limantan province are reported  in  this paper.  The properties tested were board density,  moisture eontent.. thickness reduction due to  compreuion  and bending strength.The study revealed that the averageyield of uiood-taoo!  was 365.4 kg per cubic meter of  log input. The wood-wool of Shorea smithiana Sym. must be soaked in cold water for 24 hours prior to manufacturing of uood-uoo;  board, whereaathe other apecieadid .not  require soaking.The  physical and mechanical properties of  uiood-wool boards made from  Bix wood apecies catalyzed either with CaCl2 solution or Ca(OH)2 BUBpenaion meet the DIN 1101 standard.
PENEBANGAN SERENDAH MUNGKIN UNTUK MENINGKATKAN PRODUKSI KAYU : STUDI KASUS DI DUA PERUSAHAAN HUTAN DI KALIMANTAN TIMUR Sona Suhartana; Dulsalam Dulsalam
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 14, No 9 (1996): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1996.14.9.374-381

Abstract

Tulisan ini mengetengahkan hasil-hasil penelitian tentang produktivitas penebangan dan tingkat pemanfaatan kayu yang terjadi dengan teknik penebangan serendah mungkin. Penelitian dilakukan di dua perusahaan hutan di Kalimantan Timur pada tahun 1996. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh dari penerapan teknik penebangan serendah mungkin terhadap produktivitas dan tingkat pemanfaatan kayu yang terjadi. Hasil penelitian dibandingkan dengan teknik penebangan konvensional.Hasil-hasil penelitian menunjukkan sebagai berikut :1. Rata-rata produktivitas penebangan adalah 42,16 m3/jam untuk teknik penebangan serendah mungkin dan 49,96 m3/jam untuk teknik penebangan konvensional. Terjadi penurunan produktivitas sebesar 7,8 m3/jam.2. Rata-rata tinggi tunggak pada teknik penebangan serendah mungkin adalah 37,6 cm dan teknik penebangan konvensional adalah 56,6 cm.3. Rata-rata volume limbah tunggak pada teknik penebangan serendah mungkin adalah 0,21 m3/pohon (3,34%) dan pada teknik penebangan konvensional adalah 0,40 m3/pohon (4,54%). Rata-rata volume kayu yang dimanfaatkan adalah 6,08 m3/pohon (96,66% dari rata-rata volume pohon yang ditebang sebesar 6,29 m3/pohon) untuk teknik penebangan serendah mungkin dan 8,41 m3/pohon (95,45% dari rata-rata volume pohon yang ditebang sebesar 8,81 m3/pohon) untuk teknik penebangan konvensional. Terjadi peningkatan pemanfaatan kayu sebesar 1,20%.4. Teknik penebangan serendah mungkin sebaiknya diterapkan di lapangan karena dapat meningkatkan pemanfaatan kayu.
PENYARADAN TERKENDALI UNTUK MINIMASI PENGGESERAN LAPISAN TANAH ATAS DAN KETERBUKAAN LAHAN: KASUS DI SUATU PERUSAHAAN HUTAN DI KALIMANTANTENGAH Sona Suhartana; Dulsalam Dulsalam; Maman M Idris
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 17, No 4 (2000): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2000.17.4.209-219

Abstract

Tulisan ini mengetengahkan hasil penelitian tentang penggeseran lapisan tanah atas dan keterbukaan lahan akibat kegiatan penyaradan kayu terkendali. Penelitian telah dilakukan di satu perusahaan hutan di Kalimantan Tengah pada tahun 1998. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh pemanenan terkendali terhadap penggeseran lapisan tanah atas dan keterbukaan lahan.Data yang dikumpulkan adalah : jumlah pohon ditebang, jumlah pohon berdiameter 20 cm dan ke alas, kedalaman penggeseran lapisan tanah atas dan keterbukaan lahan. Data dianalisis dengan menggunakan uji-t.Penelitian menghasilkan hal-hal sebagai berikut:1. Penggeseran lapisan tanah atas rata-rata akibat penyaradan terkendali untuk kelas kelerengan: 0-15%; 15-25% dan > 25% berturut-turut adalah 8,1 mm; 11,7 mm dan 16,8 mm per 100 m panjang jalan sarad. Untuk penyaradan konvensional adalah 9,7 mm; l2,84 mm dan l8,7 mm per 100 m panjang jalan sarad. Terjadi pengurangan sebesar 1,6 mm pada kelas kelerengan 0-15 mm (berbeda sangat nyata).2.   Derajat keterbukaan lahan rata-rata akibat penyaradan terkendali adalah 15,81% dan 21,21% untuk penyaradan konvensional. Terjadi pengurangan keterbukaan lahan sebesar 5,4% (berbeda nyata).
PENGARUH PENGUKUSAN TERHADAP KUALITAS BIJI TENGKA- WANG (SHOREA STENOPTERA) (effect of steaming on the quality of tengkawang (shorea stenoptera) seed) Suwardi Sumadiwangsa
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 11, No 2 (1993): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1993.11.2.53-56

Abstract

The experiment is to study the steaming effect of tengkawang seed (Shorea stenoptera) on both yield and quality.The steam period of samples is 0,15,20,25. And 30 minutes at temperature of 97.5°C and at ambient pressure. A sample was extracted by hydraulic prassing at 25 kg/cm2 and temperaturee of 90°C for one hour.The determinations including yield of fat, acid value, peroxid value, saponification value, iodine value. impurity, water content, melting point, and specific gravity.The experiment shows that the more steaming period, the less yield of at. Fat qualities are affected by steaming periods, except Iodine value, Melting point, and lmpurity. However the fat yield and its qulity of the untreated seed is better than the treated ones.
PRESTASI PENGEMUDI TRUK ANGKUTAN DI SUATU PENGUSAHAAN HUTAN DI KALIMANTAN BARAT Dulsalam Dulsalam; Sukanda Sukanda
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 6, No 7 (1990): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1990.6.7.420-425

Abstract

An investigation on  logging truck  drivers performances was carried out at a  logging company  in West Kalimantan in 1988. Seven  logging truck  drivers were observed  using seven Nissan TZ 50 semi-trailer  logging trucks  (made in 1979). The  purpose of  this  investigation is to  find  out logging truck  drivers performances necessary for logging companies to plan their employment in hauling activity. For  this purpose, the  investigation   was done through work  time study. The investigation comes  to  the  following conclusions   : PT  Duadja  II  employs   several  logging  truck  drivers  having  various skills. Nissan  TZ  50 semi-trailer logging trucks are used  to  transport  logs from the forest  to  log pond.Average  performances of  A, B, C, D, E, F, and  G logging  truck  drivers  were 765.79,   695.85, 652.56, 843.31, 745.07, 709.20,  and  759.18 m3km/hour, respectively.The performances  among  logging truck  drivers  were  significantly different due  to  the  differences in load volumes and logging truck speeds as well as drivers' age and education  levels.
ANALISIS KIMIA 18 JENIS KAYU KURANG DIKENAL DARI JAWA BARAT Gustan Pari Pari
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 6, No 7 (1990): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1990.6.7.426-430

Abstract

This paper  deals with  chemieal  analyses  of eighteen  lesser known  wood  species from West Java. The analyses  comprise of  the determination of holocellulose, cellulose,   lignin, pentosan, moisture content, ash. content, silica content and  the solubility in cold  water, hot  water, one percent of sodium hydroxide and alcohol  benzerui extractiue. These   analyses  were conducted  to  determine their  basic characteristics  and  ultimate uses of  the  wood.              The result  shows  that  holocellulose content   ranges from  52,45 - 73,69 percent,   cellulose  from  42,87-58,54 percent, lignin from 20,0 - 31,42  percent,  pentosan from   12,09  - 18,46  percent, moisture content   from 6,84 - 18,62 percent, ash  content from 0,23  - 1,92   persent, silica content   from   0,11 - 0,74 percent. The  solubility in cold  water ranges  from  0,80 - 8,57 percent, hot  water  from  0,84 - 9,64 percent, in one percent sodium hydroxide   solution from 9,07 - 30,34  percent and  in alcohol  benzena (1:2)  from  0,99 - 11,49  percent. Based on chemical analyses, especially the  cellulose  content,  the  18  lesserknown    wood  species  from West  Java  are suitable  as raw material  for pulp  and paper  industry.
PENGARUH LAMA PENYULINGAN SECARA KERING PADA KONDISI VAKUM TERHADAP RENDEMEN DAN SIFAT FISIKO-KIMIA RESIDU DAMAR MATA KUCING Bambang Wiyono; Kurnia Sofyan; Dedeh Kurniasih; Poedji Hastoeti
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 19, No 2 (2001): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2001.19.2.89-101

Abstract

Dammar resin of Shorea javanica which its essential oil has been isolated can still be used for industrial purposes. Relating to this, the objective of the research is to investigate the effect of a vacuum dry distillation time on yield and the physico-chemical properties of dammar residue.A vacuum dry distillation technique of dammar was carried out at a pressure of 0.06 Pa, a temperature of 65 - 85°C for 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 hours, respectively. Each of distilling times was triplicated. To see the effect of distilling time on the yield and properties of dammar residue, the data were analysed by a factorial completely randomized design procedure, and their different means values were tested with Tukey's procedure. The relationship between distilling time and the yield or its physico-chemical properties of dammar residue was analysed with a polynomial orthogonal regression in a SAS package.The results showed that distilling time gave a highly significant effect on yield, softening point, ash content, iod number, acid number and saponification number of dammar residue, except for unsoluble matter in toluene. The increase in distilling lime tent to decrease in the yield and acid number of dammar residue, but it also tent to increase in softening point, ash content, iod number, saponification number and unsoluble matter in toluene. Moreover, distilling time of 2.5 hours is the optimum time to give the highest values of softening point and iod number, but with the lowest value of acid number. Polynomial orthogonal analysis revealed that there were relationship between distilling lime and yield of dammar residue and its properties with a highly significance.Compared to Indonesian National Standard for dammar, dammar residue has not met the requirement for softening point, acid number and ash content criteria. To meet the requirement, it was suggested to increase the pressure in the vacuum dry distillation process with a proper condentation for this pressure.
KUALITAS REKATAN BILAH SAMBUNG JARI PADA LIMA JENIS KAYU DENGAN PEREKAT LIGNIN DAN TANIN Adi Santoso; Osly Rachman; Jamaludin Malik
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 23, No 3 (2005): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2005.23.3.187-195

Abstract

Penelitian terdahulu menunjukkan bahwa komponen senyawa dalam lignin dan tanin dapat dibuat kopolimer dengan resorsinol dan formaldehida membentuk resin lignin dan tanin formaldehida untuk produksi kayu lamina eksterior.Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kualitas lignin resorsinol formaldehida dan tanin resorsinol formaldehida dalam pembuatan bilah sambung jari dari lima jenis kayu untuk bangunan perkapalan, yaitu: tempeas (Teysmanniodendron sympliciodes Kosterm), waru (Hibiscus tiliaceus L), bunyo (Trioma malaccensis Hook F.), gambir (Trigonopheura malayana Hook F.), dan rasamala (Altingia exelsa Noronha) terhadap sifat mekanisnya.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tidak dijumpai adanya delaminasi bilah sambung jari pada kelima jenis kayu. Sifat mekanis dari bilah sambung jari dipengaruhi secara nyata oleh jenis kayu, jenis perekat dan interaksi kedua faktor tersebut.

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