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INDONESIA
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Published by Badan Penelitian dan Penegembangan Kehutanan
ISSN : 02164329     EISSN : 24428957     DOI : -
Core Subject : Science, Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry Decision Sciences, Operations Research & Management
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,559 Documents
 121   122   123   124   125 
OPTIMASI PROSES ESTERIFIKASI PADA PEMBUATAN BIODIESEL DARI BIJI JARAK PAGAR R Sudradjat; Y Widyawati; Dadang Setiawan
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 25, No 3 (2007): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2007.25.3.203-224

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui kondisi optimal dalam pengolahan biji jarak pagar menjadi biodiesel. Metoda penelitian yang digunakan adalah: 1) Pengaruh pemanasan pada perlakuan pendahuluan terhadap peningkatan bilangan asam dan rendeman minyak jarak; 2) Pengaruh waktu penyimpanan terhadap peningkatan bilangan asam; 3) Pengaruh antioksidan dalam menekan peningkatan bilangan asam; 4) Pengaruh degumming terhadap penurunan bilangan asam, kekentalan dan kerapatan biodiesel; 5) Pengaruh konsentrasi katalis padat terhadap penurunan bilangan asam; 6) Pengaruh persentase metanol dalam penurunan bilangan asam; 7) Analisa optimasi kondisi proses; dan 8) Analisa sifat fisika kimia minyak jarak pagar hasil proses esterifikasi.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan: 1) Biji jarak sebelum dipres perlu dikukus dahulu; 2) Selama penyimpanan minyak jarak meningkat keasamannya yaitu sebesar 0,1 digit/hari; 3) Antioksidan yang paling efektif adalah BHT pada konsentrasi 0,03%; 4) Proses degumming menurunkan bilangan asam, kekentalan dan kerapatan; 5) Konsentrasi zeolit yang optimum adalah pada konsentrasi 3%; 6) Persentase methanol optimum pada proses esterifikasi adalah 10%; 7) Hasil analisa optimasi kondisi proses menunjukkan kondisi optimum proses esterifikasi terjadi pada konsentrasi zeolit 3,1 %, waktu reaksi 121 menit dan konsentrasi metanol 11,34%, yang menghasilkan bilangan asam 3,42 mg KOH/ g; dan 8) Hasil analisa sifat fisika kimia menunjukkan perlunya kehati-hatian dalarn pengolahannya menjadi biodiesel, karena tingginya bilangan asam.
SIFAT DAN KUALITAS PENGERINGAN LIMA JENIS KAYU DARI KEBUN RAYA BOGOR Efrida Basri; Sri Rulliaty; Saefudin Saefudin
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 25, No 3 (2007): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2007.25.3.256-265

Abstract

Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui kualitas pengeringan lima jenis kayu koleksi Kebun Raya Bogor yang tumbang pada bulan Juni 2006 serta mengaitkannya dengan sifat fisis dan anatomis kayu tersebut. Kelima jenis kayu tersebut adalah bayur (Pterospermum celebicum Miq.), belangeran (Shorea belangeran (Korth.) Burck), kayu darah (Myristicacelebica (Mill.) W.J.de Wilde), membacang (Mangifera altissima Blanco) dan ulin (Eusyderoxyion zwageryTeijsm & Binn). Pengujian sifat kayu meliputi sifat fisis dan anatomi kayu. Pengujian kualitas pengeringan dilakukan menggunakan metode pengeringan suhu tinggi (suhu 100° C). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan kualitas pengeringan kayu ditentukan oleh sifat fisik dan anatomi kayu. Kayu yang mempunyai berat jenis tinggi memiliki tingkat penyusutan lebih besar dibandingkan dengan kayu yang mempunyai berat jenis rendah, sehingga mudah mengalami pecah dalam pada waktu dikeringkan. Sifat anatomi yang berperan pada waktu kayu dikeringkan antara lain arah serat, bentuk parenkim, bentuk dan lebar jari-jari, ukuran pori dan ada atau tidaknya tilosis atau endapan amorf dalam pembuluh. Dari kelima jenis kayu yang diteliti, kualitas pengeringan terbaik diperoleh pada kayu bayur dan membacang sedangkan kualitas pengeringan terburuk terdapat pada kayu ulin.
STUDI KASUS KERAPATAN JALAN HUTAN DI DUA PERUSAHAAN HUTAN DI JAMBI Dulsalam Dulsalam
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 12, No 2 (1994): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1994.12.2.96-103

Abstract

A study on the forest road densities was carried out at two logging companies in Jambi in 1990. The objective is to find out the information of forest road densities realized by the companies. Data on area cut and road constructed during the latest ten years felling blocks (from1980/1981 to 1989/1990) were collected. The results of the investigation reveal that:1. Annually, the length offorest roads built by A and B logging companies rangedfrom 2,000 to 13,000 m with an average of 6,050 m, and from 7,600 to 19,800 m with an average of 12, 733 m, respectively.2. Forest road density of each felling block at A and B logging companies ranged from 2.10 to 20 m/ha with an average of 8.54 m/ha, and from3.45 to 22 m/ha with anaverage of 10.02 m/ha, respectively.3. The level of forest road density average in the two logging companies was still bellow those level based on Segebaden Formula.4. It is suggested that log potential, road construction cost and skidding cost be taken into consideration in constructing forest road.
KAJIAN KETERSEDIAAN KAYU BAKAR PADA PENGRAJIN GULA MERAH Tjutju Nurhayati; Wesman Endom; Dadan Dadan
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 20, No 4 (2002): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2002.20.4.271-284

Abstract

A survey pertaining to the topic as such has been conducted in three particular locations, where the sugar industries that consume fuel wood were situated, i.e. Jasinga (West Java), Gombong (East Java). and Karangasem (Bali). The inherent data were collected using the cluster-plot method to figure out the potential of available firewood in the community land. The main data covered the amount of organic foliage debris (i.e. twigs, small branches, etc.) which fall off the tree stands naturally, the potential volume of stands, and their regeneration rate to provide a reserve fuel wood which can be available whenever ii is needed. Meanwhile, the supplementary data were the firewood consumption, cooking stove efficiency, palm-sugar production, and palm-sugar yield and qualities, which in all were obtained through a trial observation in the field.The results revealed that the availabilities of foliage debris (biomass wastes) that fell-off to thetree base (ground) and of firewood from the branch-free portions of the upper tree stands, in percentage of the amount required by the industries, were consecutively 0.20- and 0.61-%ha (Karangasem), 0.02- and 0.63-%/ha (Gombong), and 4. 78- and 1. 17-%/ha (Jasinga). With respect to the area, Karang asam and Jasinga showed adequate availability of biomass wastes, but lack of firewood occurred in Gombong since the available stock was only around 70 %. Such high consumption of firewood was due to the fact that there were about 7160 palm-sugar industries in Gombong, while in Karangasem and Jasinga were only 550 and 65 industries. respectively.The highest consumption offirewood-derived energy was in Jasinga (219.33 GJ/m3), followed in decreasing order, i.e. 198.00 GJ/m3 in Gombong and l44.44 GJ/m3(as the lowest) in Karangasem. The high-energy consumption in Jasinga was brought about by the use of low-efficiency stove (i.e. 15. 07 %). Meanwhile, the efficiencies of the ones in Combong and Karangasem were significantly higher, i.e. 18. 62 and 30.12 percent, respectively. The consumptions of firewood per household per year in such three locations were 2100 kg (Karangasem), 3924 kg (Gombong). and Jasinga (3456 kg).The highest yield (recovery) of palm sugar was obtained from the cooking of arenga juice (55.56%), while the lowest from palm juice (8. 77 %). About the qualities, based on the results of chemical analysis which covered the carbohydrate, water, ash, P. Ca, and Fe, and calorific values, the palm sugar from lontar juice was regarded as the best.followed by the ones from palm and arenga juices. One way to cope with the continual consumption of firewood was through the planting of tree species which are able to produce high-energy firewood and take short-rotation growth periods, such as kaliandra, lamtoro, and sengon. As such, the minimum area of the planting sites, as an example.for lamtoro should be 178 ha (in Karangasem), 4494 ha (Gombong), and 37 ha (Jasinga).
PENGARUH KADAR GABUS DALAM BAGASE DAN PERSENTASE SODA TERHADAP SIFAT UNDI HITAM DAN PULP (The influence of pith content in bagaae and percentage of sodium hydro:dde on the properties of black liquor and pulp) Bambang Wiyono; Surdiding Ruhendi; Kumia Sofyan
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 8, No 1 (1990): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (12337.828 KB) | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1990.8.1.31-35

Abstract

In this investigation, the pith content of the bagaBBe samples were 10, .20, and 30 psrcent. Cookinf trials incoporated varioulpercentt11es of soda (NaOH) bei'ltf 15, 18, and .20 percent, concecutively. The cbndition applied were tiB follow temperature, 11(f C (maintained for one hour­), and the ratio of bagaBBe liquor bei111  1  : ''3. 76. The results were anolyd using the factorial design with a si111le replicate.Experimental results show  that  the increase in pith  content gave a signifieant effect  on.  the raidual   allcaliand(reeneBB.  The increasi111 of NaOH percentage provided liighly significant effect on the ash content, Kappa number, and brightness. The. increasingof NaOH also provided a significan teffect on the residualalkali. The increasingof pith contenttend to grow up residual alkali (Y   ­0.84650 + 0,18433 X) and freeness (Y=  13.08718 + 0.13333 X). Produced by 16'% NaOH, the residual alkali posse1111ed a lower significant effect  than 18 and 20% NaOH, as well as, NaOH of 18% owned a  lower than .20%.  Furthermore, NaOH of  16% produced Kappa number a higher higly significant effect  than  18 and aO% NaOH, and 18% NaOH owned a higher than 20%. The percentages increase of pith  in   bagaseto 80% produced Bimiliar to.from  bagasse of  10% pith   content.
KARAKTERISASI DAN POTENSI KATALIS KARBON AKTIF TERSULFONASI LIMBAH KAYU PADA REAKSI HIDROLISIS SEKAM PADI MENGGUNAKAN MICROWAVE Lisna Efiyanti; Sutanto Sutanto; Nailah Hakimah; Dian Anggraini Indrawan; Gustan Pari
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 37, No 2 (2019): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (577.194 KB) | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2019.37.2.67-80

Abstract

Biomassa berlignoselulosa merupakan bahan baku berbagai produk yang menjanjikan untuk dikembangkan. Salah satu biomassa berlignoselulosa yaitu limbah yang didapatkan dari sisa penggergajian kayu untuk kepentingan industri, dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai bahan baku pembuatan karbon aktif yang berfungsi sebagai katalis. Pada penelitian ini, dilakukan proses pembuatan karbon aktif dari limbah campuran kayu kamper dan meranti melalui proses pirolisis suhu 500 °C yang dilanjutkan dengan proses sulfonasi menggunakan H2SO4 10N. Produk karbon aktif tersulfonasi (KA-SO3H) kemudian dikarakterisasi yang meliputi rendemen, kadar air, kadar abu, kadar zat terbang, karbon terikat, daya jerap iod sesuai SNI 06-3730-1995, keasaman menggunakan adsorpsi amonia, dan gugus fungsi menggunakan analisa FTIR. Selanjutnya karbon aktif tersulfonasi diuji aplikasinya pada reaksi hidrolisis sekam padi menggunakan microwave dengan variasi bobot sekam padi sebesar 2, 4, 6, 8, dan 10 g pada daya 400 dan 600 W selama 5, 7, dan 9 menit. Kadar glukosa filtrat hasil reaksi selanjutnya dianalisis menggunakan metode asam dinitrosalisilat (DNS). Kondisi optimum reaksi hidrolisis diperoleh pada penggunaan katalis karbon aktif tersulfonasi (daya 400 W, rasio sekam padi:katalis 1:8, serta waktu 9 menit) menghasilkan kadar glukosa sebesar 330,51 ppm dengan persen perolehan glukosa 61,97%, dan energi yang diperlukan sebesar 216 kJ.
SIFAT PEMESINAN 13 JENIS KAYU DARI ACEH Bakir Ginoga
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 14, No 6 (1996): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (3994.201 KB) | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1996.14.6.231-238

Abstract

The qualities of machining properties of 13 wood species from natural forest in Aceh were investigated in air dried condition. Wood species are bayur (Pterospermum elongatum Korth.),keranji (Dialium indum L. var. Indum), sebusuk (Amoora rubiginosa (Hiern.) Pance), runding (Parkia javanica (Lamk.) Merr.), kilulun (Artocarpus gomezianus Wall. ex Tree), anglau (Garcinia nervosa Miq.), alifambang (Endospermum diadenum Miq. Airy Shaw), bentol (Kokoona reflexa), batu-batu (Xanthophyllum excelsum Miq.), bayut (Mezzettia parviflora Becc.), nurai (Cananga odorata Hk. f Th.), alatat (Sonneratia caseoflaris Engl.) and pinang baek (Gonystylus macrophyllus Airy Shaw.).The results revealed that the qualities of machining properties of wood tested mostly belong to good (class ll) until very good quality (class I).Key words : machining property, wood species, Aceh, air dried
SIFAT FISIKOKIMIA MINYAK KAYU PUTIH JENIS Asteromyrtus brasii Ary Widiyanto; Mohamad Siarudin
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 32, No 4 (2014): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.2014.32.4.243-252

Abstract

Asteromyrtus brasii merupakan salah jenis tumbuhan penghasil kayu putih yang banyak ditemukan di Taman Nasional (TN) Wasur, Merauke, Papua. Namun demikian, informasi mengenai kandungan kimia dan sifat fisik (kualitas) minyak kayu putih yang dihasilkan dari spesies tersebut masih terbatas. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat kandungan kimia dan sifat fisik minyak kayu putih yang disuling dari daun A. Brasii yang tumbuh di TN Wasur. Analisis kandungan kimia minyak atsiri dilakukan pada  sampel  daun  dengan  metode Gas  Chromatography dan Mass  Spectrometer (metode  GC-MS). Analisis sifat fisik dilakukan pada minyak kayu putih yang diperoleh melalui penyulingan daun A. brasii dengan metode uap. Kualitas minyak kayu putih dari jenis A. brasii tidak memenuhi persyaratan kualitas minyak kayu putih menurut SNI 06-3954-2006 karena memiliki berat jenis kurang dari 0,9 dan putaran optik 9,8. Hasil analisis dengan GC-MS menunjukkan ada 29 puncak, 5 puncak dengan intensitas tinggi diidentifikasi sebagai senyawa 1,8 cineole (kelimpahan 34,88%), Trans-Beta-Ionon-5,6- Epoxide (21,26%), Formamide (CAS) Methanamide (11,20%), Acetic acid (CAS) Ethylic acid (8,14%) dan Alpha pinene (4,39%).
STUDI PENDAHULUAN PENGAWETAN ROTAN BAHAN BAKU MEBEL Barly Barly
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 9, No 5 (1991): Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1998.804 KB) | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1991.9.5.189-192

Abstract

Rattan for the furniture  raw materials is easily attacked by stain fungi and moulds during air  drying, leaving discolored  surfaces.  The soft portion is also susceptible to attack of powder post beetles. To prevent this problem, the newly cut rattan should be  treated with preservative to ensure  a reasonable service life. The treatment   method affects the extent of penetration and absorption of  preservation  into the rattan. The rasult of study  on the preservation  of rattan by pressure process is presented  in this paper. A  pressure   period for 5, 15, and 25  minutas  was sufficient  to obtain required retention of preservative for the rattan tabu-tabu, batang and tohiti.
PENGAWETAN TUJUH JENIS KAYU SECARA SEL PENUH DENGAN BAHAN PENGAWET IMPRALIT 16 SP DAN IMPRALIT CKB Sasa Abdurohim
Jurnal Penelitian Hasil Hutan Vol 16, No 3 (1998): Buletin Penelitian Hasil Hutan
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hasil Hutan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | Full PDF (1954.661 KB) | DOI: 10.20886/jphh.1998.16.3.121-130

Abstract

Penelitian pengawetan kayu secara  sel penuh  sampai   saat ini  hanya  menggunakan bahan pengawet CCA. Penggunaan   bahan pengawet lain yang   diizinkan belum dilakukan karena  harganya relatif mahal. Penelitian secara sel penuh dengan bahan pengawet lain yang diizinkan perlu dilakukan karena penggunaan  bahan pengawet yang mengandung arsen telah dilarang.Tujuh jenis  kayu dalam keadaan kering  udara  berukuran 5 cm x  5cm x 50 cm, diawetkan  secara sel penuh menggunakan lmpralit 16 SP dan Impralit CKB dengan konsentrasi larutan 3% dan 5% Vakum awal dan vakum akhir yang     digunakan  sebesar 65 cm Hg masing-masing   selama 30 menit dan 15 menit; tekanan sebesar   10 atm selama satu  jam dan dua jam.Hasil penelitian  menunjukkan  bahwa enam jenis kayu. yaitu damar, melina; rengas.   sengon. sumpung dan tusam, dapat diawetkan dengan bagan yang digunakan  dalam penelitian ini, sedangkan suren tidak ada contoh uji yang memenuhi persyaratan  yang  ditentukan. Dari percobaan  ini dapat disusun  bagan pengawetan yang dianjurkan  untuk enam jenis kayu tersebut.

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