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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies
Published by Institut Agama Islam Negeri Salatiga
ISSN : 20891490     EISSN : 2406825X     DOI : -
Core Subject : Religion, Humanities, Art,
Religion Arts Humanities
Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies (IJIMS): This journal should coverage Islam both as a textual tradition with its own historical integrity and as a social reality which was dynamic and constantly changing. The journal also aims at bridging the gap between the textual and contextual approaches to Islamic Studies; and solving the dichotomy between ‘orthodox’ and ‘heterodox’ Islam. So, the journal invites the intersection of several disciplines and scholars. In other words, its contributors borrowed from a range of disciplines, including the humanities and social sciences.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 210 Documents
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The Impact of digitization on the religious sphere: televangelism as an example Shaimma El Naggar
Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies Vol 4, No 2 (2014): Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies
Publisher : IAIN Salatiga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18326/ijims.v4i2.189-211

Abstract

Over the past few decades, televangelism has emerged as one important media phenomenon, inter alia, among Muslim communities. As a phenomenon, televangelism is interesting in many respects; it is a manifestation of the phenomenon of "info-tainment" as televangelists integrate entertainment features such as sound effects and music in their sermons. It is also a manifestation of the rise of the celebrity culture as televangelists have become 'media celebrities' with thousands of hundreds of fans and followers on social media networks. Thematically, this study is divided into two main sections. First. I delineate the characteristics of televangelism as a novel form of religious expression in which televangelists adopt a modern style and use colloquial language; and in which televangelists present religion as a source of individual change. I have argued that these features seem to have granted televangelists popularity particularly among Muslim youth who view televangelism as a new form of religious expression that is modern in appearance and relevant to their everyday lives.The study has further highlighted the importance of digital media technologies in popularizing televangelists' programmes and sermons. Drawing on two case studies of popular televangelists, namely Amr Khaled and Hamza Yusuf, the study has shown that televangelists draw on a plethora of digital media tools to extend the visibility of their programmes including websites and social media networks. The study has found that televangelists' fans play an important role in popularizing televangelists' programmes. Moreover, the study relates televangelism to the rise of digital Islam. The study has argued that digitization and the increase of literacy rates have changed the structure of religious authority in the twenty first century, giving rise to new voices that are competing for authority. Having provided an explanatory framework for the phenomenon of televangelism, the study moves in the second section to critique televangelism as an 'info-tainment' phenomenon.Drawing on Carrette and King's Selling Spirituality, one issue that the study raises is the extent to which televangelism fits into the modern form of 'spiritualities'. Rather than being a critical reflection of the consumer culture, modern spiritualities seem to 'smooth out' resistance to the hegemony of capitalism and consumerism. I have proposed that it is through a content-related analysis of televangelists' sermons that one can get a nuanced understanding of how the discourses of particular televangelists can possibly relate to dominant (capitalist) ideologies, how structures of power are represented in their discourses and what their texts may reveal about the socio-historical contexts of Muslims in the twenty first century.
Zakah index: Islamic economics’ welfare measurement Kumara Adji Kusuma; Muhamad Nafik Hadi Ryandono
Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies Vol 6, No 2 (2016): Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies
Publisher : IAIN Salatiga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18326/ijims.v6i2.273-301

Abstract

Zakah is one of the five pillars of Islam. Compared to the other pillars, Zakah intersects with most the human dimensions: spiritual, individual, social, economic, and is quantifiable. Zakah also fulfills all of the aspect of the Maqas}id al-Shari‘ah that preserves public interests (maslahah). This paper argues that the lack of full observance of the objectives of the obligation in performing Zakah, which is intended to increase the welfare/wellbeing of the society, makes Islamic Economics as a discipline completely ineffective and inefficient in performing its essential characteristics in fulfilling the Maqas}id al-Shari‘ah. The expected outcome of this study is Zakah Index that will represents the monitoring of Zakah payment in Islamic or Muslim populated country, hence providing academics, students, society, and policy maker in Islamic or Muslim populated country an alternative measurement of economic progress, instead of Gross Domestic Product (GDP). The method used in the conceptualization of the Index and its derivatives are content analysis and conventional literature. Finally, Zakah Index is intended to be as an Islamic Economics tool to measure not only the welfare/wellbeing of Islamic Society, but also its religious (spiritual). On the last part of the paper, the Zakah Index Model then is applied to the East Java province. Zakah adalah salah satu rukun Islam. Dibandingkan dengan pilar yang lain, zakah bersinggungan dengan hampir seluruh dimensi manusia: spiritual, individual, sosial, ekonomi dan ia dapat diukur. Selain itu, zakah juga memenuhi seluruh aspek Maqas}id al-Shari‘ah yang bertujuan melindungi kepentingan umum (maslahah). Paper ini didasarkan pandangan bahwa minimnya pengawasan kewajiban pembayaran zakah, yang ditujukan untuk meningkatkan kesejahteraan masyarakat, menjadikan Ilmu Ekonomi Islam sebagai disiplin tidak efektif dan efisien dalam menjalankan karakteristik utamanya untuk memenuhi tujuan Shariah. Luaran dari studi ini adalah Indeks Zakah yang akan merepresentasi pengawasan pembayaran Zakah di Negara Islam atau masyarakat mayoritas muslim, yang dengan demikian menyediakan alternatif pengukuran kemajuan ekonomi bagi pemerintah, akademisi, dan masyarakat daripada menggunakan Produk Domestik Bruto (PDB). Metode penyusunan konsep indeks ini dengan berbagai derivasinya adalah content analysis dan metode induktif yang meliputi literatur Islam dan konvensional. Akhirnya, Indeks Zakah ini dimaksudkan menjadi “tool” Ilmu Ekonomi Islam untuk mengukur tidak hanya kesejahteraan masyarakat muslim, namun juga aspek religiusitasnya. Pada bagian akhir paper ini, model Indeks Zakah ini dipalikasikan di Provinsi Jawa Timur.
Towards a progressive interpretation of Ummah Hasnan Bachtiar
Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies Vol 8, No 1 (2018): Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies
Publisher : IAIN Salatiga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18326/ijims.v8i1.87-116

Abstract

contemporary literatures that had been produced by Muslim and non-Muslim scholars and intellectuals, ranging from Muslim and Western countries. With the progressive perspective of multiple modernities and intercivilisational approach, this paper argues that the concept of Ummah should be interpreted as a modern concept of inclusive cosmopolitan-humanitarian solidarity that emphasise values of liberalism, pluralism, democracy, human rights and sustainable development. This concept has been also strengthened by a sociological representation of the tradition of Islam Nusantara. Its relative historical continuity in the process of the development of the micro sociological dimension of tradition, it explains that this concept of Ummah is not rootless. Consequently, it can be understood that its applicability is relatively possible . Paper ini ingin mengelaborasi wacana pembangunan konsep Ummah yang digali dari pelbagai literatur kontemporer, baik yang berasal dari para sarjana dan intelektual Muslim maupun non-Muslim, baik itu yang berasal dari negara-negara Muslim maupun Barat. Melalui perspektif multiple modernities dan pendekatan lintas-peradaban, paper ini berargumentasi bahwa konsepUmmah sangat perlu kiranya ditafsirkan dan dipahami sebagai konsep modernmengenai solidaritas kemanusiaan yang inklusif dan kosmopolitan. Konsep inimenekankan pentingnya nilai-nilai seperti liberalisme, pluralisme, demokrasi,hak asasi manusia dan pembangunan yang berkelanjutan. Adanya tawaranmengenai konsep ini, didukung oleh representasi sosiologis dari praktik IslamNusantara. Praktik Islam Nusantara tersebut, menunjukkan adanya kontinuitashistoris dalam proses pembangunan tradisi, yang berlaku di dalam dimensisosiologis yang bersifat mikro. Hal ini tentu saja juga menunjukkan bahwakonsep Ummah ini bukanlah hal yang tak berakar dalam realitas kehidupanMuslim. Dengan demikian dapat dimengerti bahwa, penerapan konsep Ummahini sangatlah memungkinkan.
Moderate Islam and the Social Construction of Multi-Ethnic Communities in the hinterland of West Kalimantan Zaenuddin Hudi Prasojo; Elmansyah Elmansyah; Muhammed Sahrin Haji Masri
Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies Vol 9, No 2 (2019): Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies
Publisher : IAIN Salatiga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18326/ijims.v9i2.217-239

Abstract

This article discusses the social construction of culture and inter-ethnic relations within the daily lives of the people of West Kalimantan. Religion and ethnicity have played central roles in the identity dynamics of its multi-ethnic communities; they have also contributed to communal conflicts, with religious and cultural sentiments common throughout the region. Islam has become an important religion in West Kalimantan, as it is practiced by more than half of the province's population. This article explores the local potential of communities and the opportunity to promote better Islamic development in the region's hinterland after the collapse of the Islamic sultanates that had introduced Islam into this region. Data were obtained from ten different locations in Mempawah, Landak, and Sanggau Regencies, all of which are considered part of West Kalimantan's hinterland and are relatively homogenous in their demographics, religions, and customs. Over two years of research, we noted important local potentials and wisdoms in the region, finding that these complemented Islam within local communities' everyday lives. These local potentials and wisdoms included beliefsthat serving food strengthens brotherhood, friendliness is a key to success, lineage is a gift that should be appreciated, and serving guests brings happiness, as well as an ethos that promotes hard work and good manners. Artikel ini didasarkan pada hasil penelitian yang mendalam tentang konstruksi sosial yang meliputi persoalan budaya dan hubungan antar etnis yang menjadi isu penting pada masyarakat Kalimantan Barat. Agama dan etnisitas memiliki peran sentral dalam dinamika identitas kehidupan masyarakat yang multi-etnis ini, sehingga konflik yang didorong oleh sentimen agama dan budaya pun terjadi berulang kali di wilayah ini. Islam yang berkembang di Kalimantan Barat menjadi salah satu agama yang memiliki peran sentral, karena dipeluk oleh lebih dari separuh masyarakat Kalimantan Barat. Artikel ini mendiskusikan tentang bagaimana potensi lokal yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat dan peluang Islam untuk berkembang lebih baik dalam konteks bahwa Islam berkembang di wilayah pedalaman pasca runtuhnya beberapa kesultanan Islam yang berhasil membawa Islam ke pedalaman Kalimantan Barat. Potensi lokal tersebut terungkap dari berbagai kearifan lokal yang dimiliki oleh masyarakat yang ditemukan dalam penelitian selama kurun waktu dua tahun. Data diperoleh dari sepuluh titik lokasi yang berbeda di wilayah Kabupaten Mempawah, Kabupaten Landak, dan Kabupaten Sanggau yang dianggap sebagai pedalaman Kalimantan Barat. Daerah – daerah tersebut adalah wilayah pedesaan yang memiliki homogenitas penduduk, baik dari segi suku, agama, dan adat istiadat. Beberapa bentuk potensi lokal yang bersambut dengan Islam dari kalangan masyarakat lokal meliputi kepercayaan terhadap kulinari yang dapat mempererat persaudaraan, tradisi warisan budaya untuk persahabatan dengan alam sebagai kunci kesuksesan, keturunan sebagai anugerah yang tidak boleh ditolak, memuliakan tamu sebagai kunci kebahagiaan, bekerja keras, dan tata karma yang tinggi. 
The concept of religious pluralism in Indonesia: a study of the MUI’s fatwa and the debate among Muslim scholars Muhammad Hilaly Basya
Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies Vol 1, No 1 (2011): Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies
Publisher : IAIN Salatiga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18326/ijims.v1i1.69-93

Abstract

In 2005 The Council of Indonesian Ulama (MUI) issued a controversial fatwa. Thefatwa states that it is prohibited for Muslims to develop the ideas of religiouspluralism. The fatwa had provoked heat debate among Indonesian Muslim scholars.For the opponent of the fatwa, the modern Indonesian state should be supportedby the ideas of pluralism. They are disappointed with the fatwa, since itwould diminish religious pluralism in Indonesia. On the other hand, the protagonistof the fatwa said that the MUI has done good decision. The ideas of pluralismare seen by them would threaten Islamic faith. They believed that those whocampaigned for the idea of pluralism are the agent for “western” interest. Thedebate regarding the MUI’s fatwa banning Muslims to adopt pluralism ideas indicatesthat the concept of pluralism campaigned by some Muslim scholars is notmonolithic. This paper would like to explore various conceptions of religious pluralismamong Indonesian Muslim scholars.Pada 2005, Majelis Ulama Indonesia (MUI) mengeluarkan sebuah fatwakontroversial. Fatwa itu menyatakan haram hukumnya bagi kaum Muslim untukmengembangkan gagasan-gagasan tentang pluralisme agama. Fatwa telahmengundang perdebatan panas di kalangan sarjana Muslim Indonesia. Bagi parapenentang fatwa, Negara Indonesia modern harus didukung dengan gagasanpluralisme. Mereka kecewa atas fatwa karena telah mengurangi pluralismekeagamaan di Indonesia. Di sisi lain, para pendukung fatwa menyatakan bahwaMUI telah mengeluarkan keputusan yang benar. Bagi mereka, gagasan pluralismeakan mengancam keimanan Islam. Mereka yakin bahwa orang-orang yangmengampanyekan gagasan tentang pluralisme merupakan agen kepentinganBarat. Perdebatan mengenai fatwa MUI yang melarang kaum Muslim mengadopsigagasan pluralisme menunjukkan bahwa konsep pluralisme yang dikampanyekansebagian sarjana Muslim tidaklah monolitik. Kajian ini akan mengeksplorasiberbagai konsep pluralisme keagamaan di kalangan sarjana Muslim Indonesia. 
Religiosity, parties and election: Islamization and democratization in post-Soeharto Indonesia Pramono U Tanthowi
Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies Vol 2, No 1 (2012): Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies
Publisher : IAIN Salatiga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18326/ijims.v2i1.1-27

Abstract

The political development in Indonesian during the first decade of reform erawitnesses a resurgence of Muslim politics, which had been facing a political impassduring the 1970s and 1980s. In contrast to current political development in theArab World, the resurgence of Muslim politics in Indonesia has been marchinghand in hand with democratization. The blossoming of tens of Islamic politicalparties by no means that they speak with a single voice. Rather, political Islam isnow represented by parties with more diverse platforms. Those parties are notonly varied in their commitment to an Islamist agenda but also strongly dividedon this agenda. Yet, they all welcome and uphold “Muslim” aspirations. As far astheir performance in the 1999 and the 2004 elections is concerned, there was asignificant decline for Muslim politics compared to the first democratic election of1955. The results reflected the minority appeal of Islamism, regardless of boththe fact that the majority of the Indonesians are Muslims and the fact that therehas been increasing Islamic revivalism within Indonesian society.
The portrait of gender justice and injustice in the Islamic teaching text-book and Muhammadiyah teachers’ responses Nurwanto Nurwanto
Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies Vol 3, No 1 (2013): Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies
Publisher : IAIN Salatiga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18326/ijims.v3i1.149-173

Abstract

The paper investigates the textbook on Islamic teaching officially published forMuhammadiyah Senior Secondary Schools. It examines whether the textbookpromotes gender justice or injustice. In addition, how the teachers think aboutthe gender discourse is also explored. The study seems important to carry out bytaking account of whether the trend of gender discourses which has taken placefor some decades in the public is substantially accommodated in the Muhammadiyahschools’ curriculum. Moreover, the teachers’ responses to the existing genderissues as included in the textbook may be crucial to shape since they are transla-tors of the text offered. To clarify this issue, the paper uses content analysis ofthe textbook and analyses the result of interview with several Muhammadiyahsenior secondary schools’ teachers in Yogyakarta. The result of this study showsthat even if the content of the official textbook generally emphasizes genderjustice, in some cases, it promotes gender injustice and stereotypes. The expla-nation of men’s social roles in the whole Muslims’ history tends to be widelyexplored whereas that of the possibility of women’s roles is paid less attention.On the other hand, in other parts of the textbook, there is an explanation of  the The paper investigates the textbook on Islamic teaching officially published forMuhammadiyah Senior Secondary Schools. It examines whether the textbookpromotes gender justice or injustice. In addition, how the teachers think aboutthe gender discourse is also explored. The study seems important to carry out bytaking account of whether the trend of gender discourses which has taken placefor some decades in the public is substantially accommodated in the Muhammadiyahschools’ curriculum. Moreover, the teachers’ responses to the existing genderissues as included in the textbook may be crucial to shape since they are transla-tors of the text offered. To clarify this issue, the paper uses content analysis ofthe textbook and analyses the result of interview with several Muhammadiyahsenior secondary schools’ teachers in Yogyakarta. The result of this study showsthat even if the content of the official textbook generally emphasizes genderjustice, in some cases, it promotes gender injustice and stereotypes. The expla-nation of men’s social roles in the whole Muslims’ history tends to be widelyexplored whereas that of the possibility of women’s roles is paid less attention.On the other hand, in other parts of the textbook, there is an explanation of  theIJIMS, Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies, Volume 3, Number 1, June  2012: 149-173150importance of democratic attitudes for Muslims in the framework of societal re-lations. In the sense, the elaboration of the possibility of men and women toparticipate in the public is theologically explained. With regard to the teachers’responses, the writing indicates that they generally agree with the notion of theneed for women and men to share and possibly contribute in the public as longas the women in particular do not deny their domestic roles. They seem trying toexamine the content of the textbook ranging from rational up to theological con-siderations. To conclude, the textbook  contains gender justice and injustice ori-entations which have been responded variously by the teachers.Kajian ini menelaah buku teks tentang ajaran Islam yang resmi diterbitkan untukSekolah Menengah Atas Muhammadiyah. Kajian ini menguji apakah buku tekstersebut mempromosikan keadilan atau ketidakadilan gender. Di samping itu,kajian ini mengeksplorasi bagaimana para guru berpikir mengenai wacana gen-der. Kajian ini penting untuk mempertimbangkan apakah kecenderungan wacanagender yang telah terjadi beberapa dekade ini secara substantif diakomodasioleh kurikulum sekolah-sekolah Muhammadiyah. Lebih jauh, respon para guruterhadap persoalan-persoalan gender yang ada sebagaimana termuat dalambuku teks menjadi penting karena mereka merupaka para penerjemah dari bukuteks tersebut. Untuk mencapai itu semua, kajian ini menggunakan analisis isiatas buku teks dan menelaah hasil wawancara dengan beberapa guru SekolahMenengah Atas Muhammadiyah di Yogyakarta. Hasil kajian ini menunjukkan bahwameskipun secara umum muatan buku teks resmi menekankan keadilan gender,dalam beberapa hal, juga mempromosikan ketidakadilan gender dan prasangka.Penjelasan  mengenai  peran  sosial  lelaki  dalam  keseluruhan  sejarah  Muslimcenderung memperoleh paparan luas, sementara peran sosial perempuan kurangmemperoleh perhatian. Di sisi lain, sebagian buku teks juga menjelaskan tentangpentingnya sikap demokratis bagi Muslim dalam kerangka hubungan-hubungansosial. Dalam  hal ini, elaborasi mengenai peluang lelaki dan perempuan untukberpartisipasi  dalam  ruang  publik  telah  dijelaskan  secara  teologis.  Denganmemperhatikan respon paraguru, kajian ini menunjukkan bahwa mereka umumnyasepakat dengan paham mengenai erlunya perempuan dan lelaki berbagi danmungkin berkontribusi  dalam ruang publik sejauh perempuan tidak menolakperan domestik mereka. Mereka agaknya mencoba menguji muatan buku teksmelalui pertimbangan rasional hingga teologis. Akhrinya, buku teks bermuatan orientasi keadilan ketidakadilan gender yang telah direspon secara berbeda olehpara guru.
The historical development and challenges of Islam in Ila-Orangun, Nigeria R Ibrahim Adebayo
Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies Vol 5, No 1 (2015): Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies
Publisher : IAIN Salatiga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18326/ijims.v5i1.1-28

Abstract

Like many other Yoruba towns in the south-western Nigeria, Ila-Orangun whichis popularly referred to as the principal town of Igbominaland witnessed thecoming of Islam during a period when paganism had eaten deep into thefabric of every sphere of life of the people. The uniqueness of Islam in thetown is that it has not been able to bring to an end the traditional beliefsystem of the people ever since its inception. This is probably because of thestatus of the town as one of the towns founded by one of the sons of Oduduwafrom the great ancestral land, Ile-Ife. This paper therefore takes a look at theinception of Islam in this ancient town to determine the extent of influenceof traditional belief system on the practice of Islam in it and the methodsadopted by the early Muslim clerics to penetrate the town with a view tobreaking the genes of darkness in the town. Attempts are also made to discusssome latest developments on Islam in town, namely Imamship tussle andother challenges facing the Muslim community there. The paper concludes byidentifying some steps necessary to be taken by the Muslim community in thetown for them to be able to place the religion on a better pedestal.Seperti banyak kota-kota Yoruba lainnya di selatan-barat Nigeria, Ila-Orangunyang populer disebut sebagai kota utama Igbominaland, menyaksikankedatangan Islam selama periode ketika paganisme telah mengakar jauh kedalam setiap bidang kehidupan masyarakat. Keunikan Islam di kota ini adalahbahwa Islam belum mampu membawa pada berakhirnya sistem kepercayaantradisional masyarakat sejak awal. Ini mungkin karena status kota sebagai salahsatu kota yang didirikan oleh salah satu putra dari Oduduwa dari tanah leluhurbesar, Ile-Ife. Oleh karena itu tulisan ini berupaya melihat perkembangan awalIslam di kota kuno ini untuk mengetahui sejauh mana pengaruh sistemkepercayaan tradisional pada praktek Islam di dalamnya dan metode yangdiadopsi oleh para ulama Muslim awal untuk menembus kota dengan maksuduntuk menerobos kegelapan di kota ini. Paper juga berupaya untuk membahasbeberapa perkembangan terbaru tentang Islam di kota ini, yaitu soal ke-imamandan tantangan lain yang dihadapi masyarakat Muslim di sana. Makalah inimenyimpulkan perlunya mengidentifikasi beberapa langkah yang diambil olehkomunitas Muslim di kota ini agar mereka dapat menegakkan agama Islampada alas yang lebih baik.
Social contexts of exclusionary reactions: study on Muslim and Christian relation in the city of Ambon Cahyo Pamungkas
Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies Vol 5, No 1 (2015): Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies
Publisher : IAIN Salatiga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18326/ijims.v5i1.49-78

Abstract

This study aims to answer the question of what social context related to atti- tudes of exclusionary reactions between Muslims and Christians. The data used in this research is resulted from interviews in the city of Ambon. The conceptual framework used to analyze findings of fieldwork is about relation- ship between ethno-religious identification and exclusionary reactions. In addition, actual or symbolic competition in the political, economic, social and cultural behaviour contributes to exclusionary attitudes. Likewise, the collective memory of the conflict led individuals to have prejudices against out-group members. Based on interview data, this study indicates that exclu- sionary reactions present in the city of Ambon in the form of social avoidance between Muslim and Christian students and the support for residential segre- gation. Both of these phenomena related to political and symbolic competi- tion in public institutions such as public universities. Also, social processes of implanting ethno-religious identity in their families have roles in the creation of prejudicial attitudes against out-group members. The collective memory of the conflict also contributes unto the phenomena of social avoidance and support for residential segregation. Studi ini bertujuan untuk menjawab pertanyaan konteks sosial apa yang berkaitan dengan meningkatnya fenomena eksklusivisme sosial antara umat Islam dan Kristen. Data yang digunakan sebagai basis untuk menjawab pertayaan ini tersebut berasal dari sejumlah wawancara di Kota Ambon. Kerangka konsep yang digunakan untuk menganalisis temuan lapangan adalah tentang hubungan identifikasi terhadap identitas kelompok etnik dan agama dengan perilaku mengecualikan kelompok lain. Selain itu, kompetisi aktual maupun simbolik dalam bidang politik, ekonomi, dan sosial budaya ikut memberikan kontribusi pada perilaku mengecualikan kelompok lain. Demikian juga memori kolektif mengenai konflik di masa lalu menjadikan seseorang memiliki prasangka terhadap kelompok lain yang berbeda agama dan suku. Berdasarkan data wawancara, penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa perilaku mengekslusi kelompok agama atau etnik lain di Kota Ambon dalam dijumpai dalam bentuk fenomena menghindari kelompok lain dan keinginan untuk tinggal dalam lingkungan yang homogen. Kedua fenomena ini memilki hubungan dengan persaingan politik dan simbolik di lembaga-lembaga publik seperti perguruan tinggi negeri dan proses sosial menanamkan identitas agama dan etnik di dalam keluarga. Memori kolektif tentang konflik juga menyebabkan seseorang mendukung upaya untuk mengecualikan kelompok lain.
Ali Shari’ati’s revolutionary Islamic thought and its relevance to the contemporary socio-political transformation Anjar Nugroho; Tulus Warsito Surwandano
Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies Vol 7, No 2 (2017): Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies
Publisher : IAIN Salatiga

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.18326/ijims.v7i2.251-276

Abstract

Ali Shari’ati emerged as an enlightened intellectual figure in the phenomenonof the authoritarian and oppressive power of the Syah Pahlavi regime. Shari’atiappeared as a pioneer of radical ideas about Islam and the revolution whichstemmed from the Shi’a teachings that had been grafted into the revolutionary tradition of the Third World and Marxism. Shari’ati succeeded in establishing a revolutionary Islamic ideology that became the basis of the mass collective consciousness against the regime of the Syah. In Shari’ati’s thought, Islam is an emancipatory ideology and liberation. The progressive and revolutionary view of Shari’ati’s Islam derives from a belief system of tauhid. While tauhid in Shari’ati’s view is the unity among God, man and the universe, the society which is full of social discrimination, injustice, and arbitrariness can be categorized as Shirk, the opponent of tauhid. In the context of the Iranian revolution, the Shari’ati’s Islamic thought and ideology became the fourth  t-text-stroke-width: 0px; " bridge or road from the ideological stalemate of the pre-revolutionary opposition movement, which is between secularist-nationalist, Marxist-Communistand Islamic Fundamentalism. Further, Shari’ati’s ideology paved the way forthe acceptance of Imam Khomeini as a revolutionary leader. This paper aimsto contextualize Ali Shari’ti’s views on socio-political change in Indonesia.Ali Shari’ati muncul menjadi sosok intelektual tercerahkan dalam fenomenakekuasaan rezim Syah Pahlevi yang otoriter dan menindas. Shari’ati lalu tampilsebagai pelopor gagasan-gagasan radikal tentang Islam dan revolusi yang bersumberdari ajaran Syi’ah yang sudah dicangkokkan dengan tradisi revolusioner DuniaKetiga dan Marxisme. Ali Shari’ati berhasil membangun ideologi Islam revolusioneryang kemudian menjadi basis kesadaran kolektif massa menentang kekuasaan rezimSyah. Dalam pemikiran Shari’ati, Islam adalah sebuah ideologi emansipasi danpembebasan. Pandangan Islam Ali Shari’ati yang progresif dan revolusionerbersumber pada satu sistem keyakinan yaitu tauhid. Jika tauhid dalam pandanganShari’ati adalah kesatuan antara Tuhan, manusia dan alam semesta, maka kondisimasyarakat yang penuh diskriminasi sosial, ketidakadilan, dan kesewenang-wenangandapat dikategorikan sebagai syirk, lawan dari tauhid. Dalam konteks revolusi Iran,tawaran pemikiran dan ideologi Islam Syari’ati menjadi jembatan atau jalan keempatdari kebuntuan ideologi gerakan oposisi pra-revolusi, yaitu antara nasionalis-sekuler,Marxis-Komunis dan Fundamentalisme Islam. Ideologi Shari’ati melapangkanjalan bagi diterimanya Imam Khomeini sebagai pemimpin revolusioner. Tulisanini hendak mengkontekstualisasikan pemikiran Ali Shari’ati dalam perubahan sosialpolitik di Indonesia.

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