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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 1411982X     EISSN : 23548509     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
The journal publishes primary research articles from any source if they make a significant original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding of some aspect of agricultural science in Indonesia. The definition of agricultural science is kept as wide as possible to allow the broadest coverage in the journal. Accredited base on Director Decree of Indonesian Institute of Science No. 816/D/2009 with acreditation No. 172/AU1/P2MBI/08/2009. IJAS is newly accredited by the Indonesian Institute of Science in 2012 (No. 473/AU2/P2MI-LIPI/08/2012) for period of 2012-2015.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 352 Documents
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CHARACTERIZATION AND QUALITY ASSESSMENT OF INDONESIAN COMMERCIAL BIOFERTILIZERS Husen, Edi Husen; Simanungkalit, R.D.M.; Saraswati, Rasti; ., Irawan
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 8, No 1 (2007): April 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Biofertilizers currently sold in the market are not labeled witha distinct quality standard. As such, farmers may buy low qualitybiofertilizers, which can reduce their profit and trust on the benefitof biofertilizers. This paper presents the characteristics of variousproducts of commercial biofertilizers as well as farmers’ knowledgeand experience on the products. The study was carried out in2004-2006 by collecting and analyzing data on registered commercialbiofertilizers, checking their availability at the market(39 agricultural shops), and interviewing farmers on their knowledgeand experience on the use of biofertilizers on various farmingsystems in Bandung District, West Java (86 respondents) andSemarang District, Central Java (77 respondents). The quality ofbiofertilizers was tested in the laboratory based on microbialdensity and its functional (phenotypic) traits. The study showedthat amongst various brands of biofertilizers commercialized,41 brands of them have been officially registered as commercialproducts. Two brands of other biofertilizers found in agriculturalshops were registered as organic or inorganic fertilizers. In general,each biofertilizer contained two or more microbial strains andwas claimed to have multiple functions. However, most of them(>90%) were not labeled with expiry date information. Macronutrientcontents (NPK) of some microbial carriers were almostequal to those of organic fertilizers. Around 38% of respondentsin Bandung knew biofertilizers and less than 10% have ever usedthem. In Semarang, however, familiarity and personal experienceof the respondents were much lower, i.e. 10% and 3%, respectively.About 67% and 50% of agricultural shops in Bandung andSemarang sold biofertilizers, respectively. Laboratory analysesshowed that microbial density of five biofertilizers tested waslower than that of product specification, although most of themwere positive for N-fixing and P-solubilizing traits. Some microbialstrains contained less than 103 cfu based on the dilution leveltesting. These figures imply the urgent need to improve theexisting quality standard system of biofertilizers including itscontrol mechanisms.
EFFECTS OF IRRIGATION FREQUENCY AND LEAF DETACHMENT ON CHRYSANTHEMUM GROWN IN TWO TYPES OF PLASTIC HOUSE Budiarto, K.; Sulyo, Y.; S.N., E. Dwi; Maaswinkel, R.H.M.
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 8, No 1 (2007): April 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Chrysanthemum is one of important ornamentals in Indonesia and it ranks in the first quantity of cut flower marketed every year. In most cases, the low productivity is still a constraint for the traditional growers to make production process profitable. Several problems revealed in chrysanthemum production were investigated. The study dealt with the effect of two types of plastic house constructions, irrigation frequency, and leaf detachment on the growth and development of chrysanthemum. The experiment was conducted at Segunung, Indonesian Ornamental Plants Research Institute during the dry season of 2005. A nested design with six replications was used. The results showed that plants grown in wood-constructed plastic house had better growth performance and flower quality than those under bamboo plastic house. Longer stem and higher plant fresh weight with more flowers and longer life span were also observed on chrysanthemum irrigated four times per week than those irrigated twice per week. Leaf removal often practiced by the growers is no longer recommended, since the number of leaves on the plant influenced all parameters observed. The more leaves were detached, the more  negative impacts on plant growth were found.
BIOLOGICAL CONTROL OF BANDED LEAF AND SHEATH BLIGHT DISEASE (Rhizoctonia solani KUHN) IN CORN WITH FORMULATED Bacillus subtilis BR23 Muis, Amran; Quimio, Arcadio J.
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 7, No 1 (2006): April 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Rhizoctonia solani Kuhn. causing banded leaf and sheath blightdiseases is one of the important fungi of corn world wide. Thefungus is commonly controlled by using fungicide because noresistant variety available. The objective of the study was todevelop a seed treatment formulation of the selected Bacillussubtilis to control R. solani in corn. The study was conductedin the Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture,University of the Philippines Los Bañòs, College, Laguna fromMay 2004 to August 2005, using sweet corn var. IPB Supersweetas test plant. Corn seeds were surface sterilized for 10 minutesin 1% sodium hypochlorite solution and 5% ethanol, washedthrice with sterile distilled water and air-dried. The seeds werecoated with formulated B. subtilis BR23 and used for severalexperiments, such as evaluation for their germination andgrowth in the laboratory, effectively on R. solani in the bakedand nonbaked field soil under greenhouse condition, and in themicroplots artificially infested with R. solani. The treatmentwas compared with other standard seed treatment of syntheticfungicides such as captan (10 g per kg seeds) and metalaxyl (10g per kg seeds). The experiments were designed in a completelyrandom design with three replications. Parameters observedwere seed germination, plant height, disease scores, and plantyield. Laboratory formulated B. subtilis BR23 used as seed treatmenthad no detrimental effects on seed germination andseedling vigor. In microplots artificially infested with a selectedhighly virulent R. solani, seed treatment with the same formulationincreased grain yield by 27% compared to that of thecontrol captan seed treatment with 14.4%. The studies showedthe potential of B. subtilis BR23 for commercialization as aseed treatment for the control of banded leaf and sheath blightdisease (R. solani) in corn.
EFFECT OF HEAT MOISTURE TREATMENT OF SAGO STARCH ON ITS NOODLE QUALITY Purwani, E .Y.; ., Widaningrum; Thahir, R .; ., Muslich
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 7, No 1 (2006): April 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Sago starch has potential as source of flour for noodle. However, noodle made of sago starch has only been limitedly utilized due to the absence of gluten and lack of desired functional properties. Heat moisture treatment (HMT) is a promising technique for improving quality of sago noodle. The objectives of the present work were to study the effect of HMTof sago starch on its noodle quality. Four different origins of sago starch, i.e. Tuni, Ihur, Molat, and Pancasan, were treated with HMT method. HMT was performed by exposing the starch to high temperature (110oC for 16 hours) at moisture content of 25%. Sago starch was then processed into noodle. It was prepared by mixing the sago starch with binder (completelygelatinized starch and additive) into dough. The dough was pressed manually through a container with holes in the base. Noodles strains were steamed for 2 minutes and dried at 50oC in a convection drier. As the control, non-HMT sago starch was used and evaluated. Parameters evaluated were starch properties, physical strength, and cooking and sensory quality of the noodles. Analyses of variance was subjected to allparameters. Research results showed that the starch exposed to HMT changed its pasting profile from initial type A before treated to type B after treated. The noodle quality was also improved. Noodles resulted from starch treated with HMT showed higher firmness and elasticity, but they have lower stickiness compared to those of non-HMT. Less cooking lossand rehydration weight were also found, however, HMT increased cooking time of the noodles. HMT on Pancasan sago starch resulted in noodles which were preferred most by panelists. However, consumer testing is recommended to further validate consumers preferences to the sago starch noodles. The study indicated that sago starch could be potentiallyused as raw material for noodles to increase the consumption of sago-based food.
THE ROLE OF POSTHARVEST MACHINERIES AND PACKAGING IN MINIMIZING AFLATOXIN CONTAMINATION IN PEANUT Paramawati, Raffi; Widodo, Puji; Budiharti, Uning; ., Handaka
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 7, No 1 (2006): April 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

As a tropical country with relatively high humidity and temperature, Indonesia is struggling with aflatoxin which frequently contaminates peanut. Aflatoxin is a carcinogenic toxic substance that could cause liver cancer. Due to the increasing concern on food safety, the Indonesian Drugs and Foods Agency specifies the maximum aflatoxin allowed in peanut as much as 20 ppb. However, researches showed that aflatoxin contamination in peanut in Indonesia is much higher than the threshold. The study was carried out to observe the effect of using postharvest machineries and packaging  treatments on aflatoxin contamination in peanut. Reduction of postharvest processes was conducted by using series of machineries, e.g. thresher, dryer, and sheller. Packaging treatments, e.g. vacuum plastic pack, hermetic glass chamber, and polyethylene (PE) plastic wrap were carried out during storage at ambient temperature (25-27°C). The results showed that using machineries in postharvest handling produced peanut free from aflatoxin contamination. However, without effective packaging, the aflatoxin level would increase during storage. Hermetic packaging could protect peanut from the mold as indicated by low level of aflatoxin contamination.
EFFECT OF BIO FERTILIZER ON MATURE OIL PALM IN NORTH SUMATRA AND RIAU -Adiwiganda, Y . Taryo; Tarigan, Balaman; Purba, Berani
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 7, No 1 (2006): April 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Chemical fertilizers have routinely been applied at oil palmplantations to maintain soil fertility. Due to the increase ofchemical fertilizer prices, some efforts have been done at suchas to reduce cost and increase efficiency in chemical fertilizerapplication at oil palm plantations include the use of biofertilizer (BF). The objective of experiment was to evaluatethe effect of reducing oil palm standard dosage of chemicalfertilizers combined with BF on mature oil palm yield. Theexperiment was carried out in 2002-2003 covering an area of4367 ha at PTPN IV in North Sumatra and of 515.58 ha atPTPN V in Riau. The planting material was Dura x Pasiferavariety and planted in 1980-1995. A randomized block designwas used having three fertilizer treatments: (A) 100% chemicalfertilizer (normal dosage), (B) 75% chemical fertilizer + BF, and(C) 50% chemical fertilizer + BF. The replications at PTPN IVand V were 11 and 7, respectively. The BF was applied firstlyin May 2002. Dosage of BF was 250 g tree-1 yr-1. The BF wasgiven in pockets with four pockets per palm tree. The parametersobserved were fresh fruit bunch (FFB) weight, averageof bunch weight, and average of bunch number. Results of theexperiments showed that palm yield treated with 75% chemicalfertilizer + BF and 50% chemical fertilizer + BF were both notsignificantly different with palm yield treated with 100%chemical fertilizer. The application of 75% chemical fertilizer+ BF and 50% chemical fertilizer + BF gave benefit of Rp509,093and Rp1,231,535 ha-1 yr-1, respectively. Technically, nutrientsgiven as chemical fertilizers using combination of 75%chemical fertilizer + BF are still higher than the nutrientstransported into 26 tons palm FFB ha-1 yr-1. Fertilizer treatmentcombination of 50% chemical fertilizer + BF will technicallybe safe only for palm yield of <16 tons palm FFB ha-1yr-1, since nutrients given as fertilizer are still higher than thosetransported into the palm yield.
THE EMPIRICAL RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN PRICE AND QUALITY OF RICE AT MARKET LEVEL IN WEST JAVA Rachmat, Ridwan; Thahir, Ridwan; Gummert, Martin
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 7, No 1 (2006): April 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Rice consumers in Indonesia exhibit wide preference variability and consumption patterns, largely because of the archipelagic nature of the country. Nowadays, the consumers become more discriminating on the rice quality due to the higher incomes and better life. Consumers are willing to pay higher price for specific quality. The objective of the study was to analyze relationship between price and grades of rice and consumer preference. The study was based on survey conducted from April 2004 to March 2005 at three-rice market centers representing a village market(Pasar Inpres) in Subang, district capital market (Pasar Johar) in Karawang, and rice center market (Pasar Induk Cipinang) in Jakarta, respectively. Parameters evaluated were changes in the quality and price of rice over time. The quality of the rice at each market was sampled monthly from two traders consisting three samples each. The rice quality was graded using existing local standar, i.e. grade 1, grade 2, and grade 3, and the price of each grade was recorded. The physical qualities of the rice samples such as moisture content, grain dimensions, percentage of whole kernels, grain color, and impurities/dockage (foreign matters, unhulled grains, and milled rice) were determined by ISO 950:1979 (for cereals-sampling as grain). Whereas the chemical qualities such as amylose and gelatinization were analyzed using Rapid Visco Analisis. The study showed that rice quality varied, most of them were long and slender kernels, chalkiness ranged between 10-20% (scale 5), and head ricearound 69-84%. The amylose content was intermediate (20-21%), the gelatinization temperature was high-intermediate (70-74oC), and the gel consistency was soft (65-70). The quality incentive, defined as the  additional return assuming the quality level can be raised from grade 3 to grade 1, was up to Rp700 kg-1 (~25%). The price difference among markets could reach Rp630 kg-1 (~22%). The study indicated that rice color was the important parameter determining consumers’ preference,and consequently ditermining price difference. The correlation between the rice price and its grade was significant (R= 0.95).
CHARACTERISTICS OF PHOSPHATE ROCK MATERIALS FROM CHINA, INDONESIA AND TUNISIA AND THEIR DISSOLUTION IN INDONESIAN ACID SOILS Hilman, Yusdar; Musa, Mohamed Hanafi; Rahim, Anuar Abdul; Hashim, Azizah; Adiningsih, Justina Sri
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 7, No 2 (2006): October 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Dissolution of phosphate rock (PR) in soils is a primary concern for P in the PR to be available for plant. The dissolution of three PR materials, China (CPR), Ciamis (IPR) and Gafsa (GPR), in eight acid Indonesian soils (pH in water 4.1-5.7) was tested in a closed incubation system.  Experiment was conducted in Soil Chemical Laboratory, Universiti Putra Malaysia and Indonesian Center for Agricultural Land Resources Research and Development from January to April 2002. The dissolution was determined from the increase in either 0.5 M NaOH extractable P (∆P) or1 M BaCl2-triethanolamine (TEA)-extractable Ca (∆Ca) in soils amended with PR compared with control soil. Dissolution of the IPR was the highest (30-100%) followed by GPR (17-69%) and then by CPR (20-54%). The maximum dissolution followed the order: Bogor Ultisols > Bogor Oxisols > Subang Inceptisols > Bogor Inceptisols > Sukabumi Oxisols > Lebak Ultisols > Sukabumi Inceptisols > Lampung Ultisols. PR dissolution indicated a positive correlation with P retention capacity. The results implied that the extent of PR dissolution for the three PR sources (China, Indonesia and Tunisia) increased with increasing P retention capacity of the soils. PR dissolution can be based on a calibration curve of ∆Ca meaning that if ∆P is high then the amount of PR dissolution measured by ∆Ca in PR materials is also high.
THE INFLUENCE OF CULTURAL PRACTICE ON POPULATION OF PEA LEAFMINER (Liriomyza huidobrensis) AND ITS PARASITOIDS IN POTATO Suryawan, Ida Bagus Gde; Reyes, Stephen G.
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 7, No 2 (2006): October 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Pea leafminer (Liriomyza huidobrensis) is the major pest of potato crop in Indonesia. The use of insecticides to control the pest is ineffective and harmful to the natural enemies. The study aimed to find out a promising cultural practice for leafminer management on potato crop. The study was conducted at a farmer’s field in Bali in 2004. Potato plants (Granola variety) were grown in a raised-bed plot of 10 m x 1 m. The treatments evaluated were standard cultural practice (C), C plus reflective plastic mulch (RPM) (CM), farmer’s practice (F), vermicompost (V), and V plus RPM (VM). All treatments were arranged in RCBD with five replications. From each plot, 10 plant samples were randomly taken to observe the presence of larvae, mines, and adults. Larvae and adults of leafminer andmines were separately counted from the top, middle, and bottom parts of the plant samples. Parasitoids were collected from the infested leaves of the plant samples. Emerged parasitoids were counted and put into vials with 70% ethyl alcohol and then identified. The results showed that the population of adults, larvae of L. huidobrensis, and mines were less in C, CM, V, and VM treatments compared to farmers practice (F). However,RPM (CM and VM) treatments significantly reduced population of leafminer and mines. The highest population of adults, larvae, and mines on RPM treatment were less than 1.5, 8.5, and 10 per plant, respectively  compared to other treatments which were greater than 3.2 for adults, 12.4 for larvae, and 12.7 for mines. Parasitoid population and parasitism level were more in vermicompost treatments (V and VM) compared to othertreatments (C, CM, and F). The results showed that application of pesticides was ineffective against leafminer and reduced parasitoid population; in the other hand RPM was effective to control leafminer although the effect on parasitoids was not clear. Parasitoid species that were found associated with potato crop were Hemiptarsenus varicornis, Neochrysocharis sp., and Opius sp. Combination of RPM with standard practice and vermicompost are prospective for leafminer management in potato crop, however, VM is friendlier to environment regarding sustainableagriculture.
BIOMASS PRODUCTION AND FORMULATION OF Bacillus subtilis FOR BIOLOGICAL CONTROL Muis, Amran
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 7, No 2 (2006): October 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Bacillus subtilis is a widespread bacterium found in soil, water, and air. It controls the growth of certain harmful bacteria and fungi, presumably by competing for nutrients, growth sites on plants, and by directly colonizing and attaching to fungal pathogens. When applied to seeds, it colonizes the developing root system of the plants and continues to live on the rootsystem and provides protection throughout the growing season. The study on biomass production and formulation of B. subtilis for biological control was conducted in the laboratory of Department of Plant Pathology, College of Agriculture, University of the Philippines Los Baños (UPLB-CA), College,Laguna from May to July 2005. The objective of the study was to  determine the optimum pH and a good carbon source for biomass  production of B. subtilis and to develop a seed treatment formulation of B. subtilis as biological control agent. Results showed that the optimum pH for growth of B. subtilis was pH 6 (1.85 x 109 cfu/ml). In laboratory tests for biomass production using cassava flour, corn flour, rice flour, and brown sugar as carbon sources, it grew best in brown sugar plus yeast extractmedium (6.8 x 108 cfu ml-1 in sterile distilled water and 7.8 x 108 cfu ml-1 in coconut water). In test for bacterial biomass carriers, talc proved to be the best in terms of number of bacteria recovered from the seeds  (3.98 x 105 cfu seed-1).

Page 7 of 36 | Total Record : 352

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