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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 1411982X     EISSN : 23548509     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
The journal publishes primary research articles from any source if they make a significant original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding of some aspect of agricultural science in Indonesia. The definition of agricultural science is kept as wide as possible to allow the broadest coverage in the journal. Accredited base on Director Decree of Indonesian Institute of Science No. 816/D/2009 with acreditation No. 172/AU1/P2MBI/08/2009. IJAS is newly accredited by the Indonesian Institute of Science in 2012 (No. 473/AU2/P2MI-LIPI/08/2012) for period of 2012-2015.
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Articles 352 Documents
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KINETIC EVALUATION OF ETHANOL-TOLERANT THERMOPHILE Geobacillus thermoglucosidasius M10EXG FOR ETHANOL PRODUCTION Riyanti, Eny Ida; Rogers, Peter L.
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 10, No 1 (2009): April 2009
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Thermophiles are challenging to be studied for ethanol productionusing agricultural waste containing lignocellulosic materials richin hexose and pentose. These bacteria have many advantagessuch as utilizing a wide range of substrates, including pentose (C5)and hexose (C6). In ethanol production, it is important to useethanol tolerant strain capable in converting lignocellulosichydrolysate. This study was aimed to investigate the growth profileof ethanol-tolerant thermophile Geobacillus thermoglucosidasiusM10EXG using a defined growth medium consisted of single carbonglucose (TGTV), xylose (TXTV), and a mixture of glucose andxylose (TGXTV), together with the effect of yeast extract additionto the media. The experiments were conducted at the Schoolof Biotechnology and Biomolecular Sciences of The Universityof New South Wales, Australia on a shake flask fermentationat 60°C in duplicate experiment. Cultures were sampled everytwo hours and analised for their kinetic parameters includingthe maximum specific growth rate (µmax), biomass yield (Yx/s),ethanol and by-product yields (acetate and L-lactate) (Yp/s),and the doubling time (Td). Results showed that this strain wascapable of growing on minimal medium containing glucose orxylose as a single carbon source. This strain utilized glucose andxylose simultaneously (co-fermentation), although there wasglucose repression of xylose at relatively low glucose concentration(0.5% w/v), particularly when yeast extract (0.2% w/v) was addedto the medium. The highest biomass yield was obtained at 0.5g l-1 on glucose medium; the yield increased when yeast extractwas added (at 0.59 g l-1). The highest specific growth rate of 0.25was obtained in the phase I growth when the strain was grownon a mixture of glucose and xylose (0.5% : 0.5% w/v) medium.Diauxic growth was shown on the mixture of glucose, xylose,and yeast extract. The strain produced low level of ethanol (0.1g l-1), as well as low level (0.2 g l-1) of by-products (L-lactateand acetate) after 15 hours. The results suggests its potentialapplication for fermenting lignocellulosic agricultural wastes forethanol production.
MYCOTOXIN CONTAMINATION ON CORN USED BY FEED MILLS IN INDONESIA Tangendjaja, Budi; Rachmawati, Sri; Wina, Elizabeth
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 9, No 2 (2008): October 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Mycotoxins which are secondary metabolites of fungi contaminate agricultural products such as corn and have deleterious effects on human and animal. The objective of this study was to evaluate the mycotoxin contamination on local and imported corn samples collected from different feed mills in Indonesia. Three hundred fifty six of corn samples (0.50 kg each) were sent by several feed mills to the Indonesian Research Institute for Animal Production during 2005-2006. The background information accompanied with each sample was country/province of origins, harvesting seasons, postharvest drying methods, moisture levels, grades, and varieties. The samples were analyzed for various mycotoxins, i.e aflatoxin (AFL), ochratoxin (OCRA), zearalenone (ZEN), fumonisin (FUM), deoxynivalenol (DON), and T2 toxin using commercial kits, except for AFLwhich was analysed using a kit developed by the Indonesian Research Center for Veterinary Science. The results showed that average AFL level in the contaminated corn originated from Indonesia was 59 µg kg-1, almost 7 times higher than that imported from the USA or Argentina. Among the types of mycotoxins detected, FUM was the highest with an average of 1193 µg kg-1, followed by DON, ZEN and OCRA at level of 324, 22 and 2 µg kg-1, respectively. Mycotoxin levels in the contaminated local corn samples varied depending on the province of origins as well as harvesting seasons, postharvest drying methods, and moisture contents. The least mycotoxin contaminations were found on corn originated from NorthSumatra and Lampung with the AFL levels were < 20 and < 50 µg kg-1, respectively, lower than those from East Java, Central Java and South Sulawesi (64-87 µg kg-1). Mycotoxin levels, however, were less affected by grading made by feed mills and corn varieties. It is indicated that AFL was the most important mycotoxin as far as for animal feeding concerned, as itcontaminated almost 50% of local corn with the level of contamination above the Indonesian National Standard, i.e. 50 µg kg-1. The study suggests that postharvest methods of local corn must be improved to reduce mycotoxin contamination.
PROPERTIES AND MANAGEMENT IMPLICATIONS OF SOILS FORMED FROM VOLCANIC MATERIALS IN LEMBANG AREA, WEST JAVA Yatno, Edi; Zauyah, Siti
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 9, No 2 (2008): October 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Soils formed from volcanic materials have a high potential for agricultural development, especially for horticultural crops, tea, and pine trees. Data on the characteristics of these soils are important for the management planning. Six representative soil profiles developed on andesitic volcanic ash and tuff in Lembang area, West Java were studied to determine the soil physical, chemical, and mineralogical properties, to study the relationship between the soil properties, and to classify the soils according to the Soil Taxonomy. The results indicated that all the soils had very deep (>150 cm) solum. In general, the volcanic ash soils were darker colored, more granular, more friable, less sticky and less plastic than the volcanic tuff soils. Physically, the ash soils had lower bulk density (0.44-0.73 mgm-3) and higher available water content (13-33%) than the tuff soils. Bulk density decreased with increasing allophane. Chemically, the ash soils had higher pHNaF (mostly > 10), higher organic carbon (4.3-6.8% in upper horizons), higher CEC (20- 44 cmolc kg-1), and higher P retention (> 85%) than the tuff soils. P retention logarithmically increased with increasing oxalate extractable Al and allophane. The sand fractions of the ash soils were dominated by hornblende, while the tuff soils were predominantly composed of opaque minerals. In the clay fractions, the ash soils were dominated by allophane, whereas the tuff soils showed high contents of gibbsite and metahalloysite. Soils developed on volcanic ash were classified as Thaptic Hapludands and Typic Melanudands, while soils formed from volcanic tuff were classified as Andic Dystrudepts. The low bulk density and friable consistency of the soils contributed to favorable soil tilth. However, high P retention and Al saturation in most soils are limiting factors for plant growth. Application of P fertilizers and liming coupled with efficient placement can be recommended to enhance P availability and reduce Al toxicity. Organic matter can be used to reduce Al toxicity. Soil conservation needs to be considered, especially in the steep slope areas.
IDENTIFICATION AND MAPPING OF A GENE FOR RICE SLENDER KERNEL USING Oryza glumaepatula INTROGRESSION LINES Sobrizal, Sobrizal; Yoshimura, Atsushi
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 9, No 2 (2008): October 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

World demand for superior rice grain quality tends to increase. One of the  criteria of appearance quality of rice grain is grain shape. Rice consumers  exhibit wide preferences for grain shape, but most Indonesian rice consumers prefer long and slender grain. The objectives of this study were to identify and map a gene for rice slender kernel trait using Oryza  glumaepatula introgression lines with O. sativa cv. Taichung 65 genetic background. A segregation analysis of BC4F2 population derived frombackcrosses of a donor parent O. glumaepatula into a recurrent parent Taichung 65 showed that the slender kernel was controlled by a single recessive gene. This new identified gene was designated as sk1 (slender kernel 1). Moreover, based on the RFLP analyses using 14 RFLP markers located on chromosomes 2, 8, 9, and 10 in which the O. glumaepatula chromosomal segments were retained in BC4F2 population, the sk1 was located between RFLP markers C679 and C560 on the long arm of chromosome 2, with map distances of 2.8 and 1.5 cM, respectively. The wild rice O. glumaepatula carried a recessive allele for slender kernel. This allele may be useful in breeding of rice with slender kernel types. In addition, the development of plant materials and RFLP map associated with slender kernel in this study is the preliminary works in the effort to isolate this important grain shape gene.
ROLE OF POLYAMINES IN INHIBITION OF ETHYLENE BIOSYNTHESIS AND THEIR EFFECTS ON RICE ANTHER CULTURE DEVELOPMENT Dewi, Iswari S.; Purwoko, Bambang S.
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 9, No 2 (2008): October 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

The polyamines such as putrescine, spermidine, and sperminewere reported to increase green plant regeneration in rice antherculture. Low response of anther culture of rice sub-speciesindica may be improved with the addition of putrescine in theculture media. Four experiments were conducted to study therole of polyamines in inhibition of ethylene biosynthesis andtheir effects on rice anther culture development. Anthers oftwo subspecies of rice, indica (IR64, Krowal, Jatiluhur) andjaponica (Taipei 309) were cultured onto media supplementedwith putrescine (N6P) and without putrescine (N6). Youngpanicles containing the anthers at mid-to-late nucleatemicrospores were cold pretreated at 5 + 2°C and incubated inthe dark for 8 days before the anthers were cultured. Resultsshowed that medium without putrescine produced an earliersenescence of indica rice anther than that of japonica. Theaddition of 10-3 M putrescine into the culture media inhibitedethylene biosynthesis as anther senescence delayed, increasedthe three polyamines contents, and decreased the ACC contentas well as ACC oxydase activity in anther-derived calli. In theanther and anther-derived calli of subspecies indica, the totalpolyamines content was lower (10.14 nM g-1 anther and 8.48 nMg-1 calli) than that of subspecies japonica (12.61 nM g-1 antherand 10.16 nM g-1 calli), whereas the ethylene production washigher (32.31 nM g-1 anther and 2.48 nM g-1 calli) than thejaponica (31.68 nM g-1 anther and 1.76 nM g-1 calli). This studysuggests that application of 10-3 M putrescine in anther cultureof rice subspecies indica improves androgenesis by inhibitingearly senescence of cultured anthers and enhancing embryo orcallus formation from microspores.
THE SEGREGATION PATTERN OF INSECT RESISTANCE GENES IN THE PROGENIES AND CROSSES OF TRANSGENIC ROJOLELE RICE Satoto, Satoto; Sulistyowati, Yuli; Hartana, Alex; -Loedin, Inez H. Slamet
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 9, No 2 (2008): October 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Successful application of genetic transformation technique, especially in developing rice variety resistant to brown plant hopper and stem borer, will depend on transgene being expressed and the gene inherited in a stable and predictable manner. This study aimed to analyse transgene segregation pattern of the progenies and the crosses of transgenic rice cv. Rojolele harboring cry1Ab and gna genes. The third generation (T2) of fivetransgenic Rojolele events containing gna and/or cry1Ab were evaluated for two generations to identify the homozygous lines and to study their inheritance. The homozygous lines were selected based on the result of PCR technique. The segregation patterns of gna and cry1Ab were studied in eight F2 populations derived from Rojolele x transgenic Rojolele homozygous for cry1Ab and or gna and their reciprocal crosses. Data  resulted from PCR of F2 population were analysed using a Chi Square test.The study obtained six homozygous lines for gna, namely A22- 1-32, A22-1-37, C72-1-9, F11-1-48, K21-1-39, K21-1-48, and two homozygous lines for cry1Ab, namely K21-1-39 and K21- 1-48. Both cry1Ab and gna transgenes had been inherited through selfing and crossing with their wild type as indicated from the F1 containing gna and cry1Ab as many as 48.4% and 47.4%, respectively. In six of the eight crosses, gna was inherited in a 3:1 ratio consistent with Mendelian inheritance of a single dominant locus, while in the remaining two crosses, gna was segregated in a 1:1 ratio. The presence of cry1Ab in F2 populations also showed a 3:1 segregation ratio in all crosses. In the F2 population derived from F1 plant containing cry1Ab and gna, both transgenes segregated in a 9:3:3:1 dihybrid segregation ratio. This study will add to the diversity of geneticsources for insect resistance and allow further use of these transgenic lines for pyramiding resistance to brown plant hopper and stem borer or  separately in rice breeding programs whenever the efficacy tests and biosafety requirements have been completed.
IDENTIFICATION OF LEAD AND CADMIUM LEVELS IN WHITE CABBAGE (Brassica rapa L.), SOIL, AND IRRIGATION WATER OF URBAN AGRICULTURAL SITES IN THE PHILIPPINES ., Hardiyanto; De Guzman, Constancio C.
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 9, No 1 (2008): April 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Urban agriculture comprises a variety of farming systems,ranging from subsistence to fully commercialized agriculture.Pollution from automobile exhaust, industrial and commercialactivities may affect humans, crops, soil, and water in and aroundurban agriculture areas. The research aimed to investigate thelevel and distribution of lead (Pb) and cadmium (Cd) in whitecabbage (Brassica rapa L.), soil, and irrigation water taken fromurban sites. The research was conducted in Las Piñas andParañaque, Metro Manila, Philippines. The field area was dividedinto three sections based on its distance from the main road(0, 25, and 50 m). Irrigation water was taken from canal (LasPiñas) and river (Parañaque). Pb and Cd contents of the extractwere measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometry. Combinedanalysis over locations was used. The relationshipbetween distance from the main road and metal contents wasmeasured by Pearson’s correlation. Based on combined analyses,highly significant difference over locations was only showedon Cd content in white cabbage. Cd content in white cabbagegrown in Parañaque was higher than that cultivated in Las Piñas,while Cd content in the soil between both sites was comparable.The average Pb content (1.09 µg g-1 dry weight) was highest inthe white cabbage grown right beside the main road. A similartrend was also observed in the soil, with the highest concentrationbeing recorded at 26 µg g-1 dry weight. There was a negativerelationship between distance from the main road and Pb andCd contents in white cabbage and the soil. Level of Pb in watertaken from the canal and river was similar (0.12 mg l-1), whereaslevels of Cd were 0.0084 and 0.0095 mg l-1, respectively. Ingeneral, the concentrations of Pb and Cd in white cabbage andsoil as well as irrigation water were still in the acceptable limits.In terms of environmental hazards and polluted city environment,it seems that big cities in Indonesia especially Jakarta andSurabaya have the same problem with the Philippines. Therefore,it is suggested that the study on heavy metal contaminationin several crops, especially those grown along the mainroad, should be conducted.
ASSESSING GLOBAL CLIMATE VARIABILITY UNDER COLDEST AND WARMEST PERIODS AT DIFFERENT LATITUDINAL REGIONS Runtunuwu, Eleonora; Kondoh, Akihiko
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 9, No 1 (2008): April 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Effect of climate change on water balance will play a key rolein the biosphere system. To study the global climate changeimpact on water balance during 95-year period (1901-1995),long-term grid climatic data including global mean monthlytemperature and precipitation at 0.5 x 0.5 degree resolutionwere analysed. The trend and variation of climate change, thetime series of monthly air temperature and precipitation datawere aggregated into annual arithmetic means for two extremeperiods (1901-1920 and 1990-1995). The potential evapotranspiration(Eo) was calculated using Thornthwaite method.The changes in mean annual value were obtained by subtractingthe maximum period data from 1990 to 1995 (Max) with theminimum period data from 1901 to 1920 (Min). The resultsrevealed that over 95-year period, mean global air temperatureincreased by 0.57oC. The temperature increase varied greatlyin Asia, with more than 3.0oC, especially at 45-70oN, as wellover the northern part of America (60-65oN) and Europe (55-75oN). In low latitude across Asia, Africa, and South America,the variation was less than 1.5oC. In 80-85ºN region, thevariation was relatively small and at higher latitudes it increasedsignificantly. Precipitation varied temporally and spatially. Inthe 40-45ºN and 40-45ºS regions, increasing precipitation ofmore than 100 mm occurred during the June-August andSeptember-November, especially in the northern hemisphere.The Eo increase of 2000 mm during 95 years occurred in thetropical northern America, middle Africa, and South-East Asia.A grid in Central Java of Indonesia showed that the Eo increaseof 2500 mm during 95 years resulted in the decrease of growingperiod by 100 days. In coping with climate change, adjustmentof cropping calendar is imperative.
APPLICATION OF FRUIT BAGGING, SANITATION, AND YELLOW STICKY TRAP TO CONTROL THRIPS ON MANGOSTEEN ., Affandi; Emilda, D.; A.S, M. Jawal
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 9, No 1 (2008): April 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Scars on mangosteen fruits caused by thrips are the mostprominent constraint in Indonesian export of mangosteen.Most of the exported mangosteen are rejected due to scarappearance. This research aimed to study the effects of fruitbagging, sanitation, and sticky trap application on the scarintensity on mangosteen. The research was conducted at afarmers polycultured mangosteen orchard in Lima Puluh Kota,West Sumatra, Indonesia from September 2006 to February2007. The mangosteen trees were cultured with cacao andcoconut. To study the effects of bagging on the number of scars,the fruits were individually bagged at different time pointsstarting from the time of calyx falling down (0) followed at 2,4, 6, 8, 10, 12, and 14 weeks later. Each treatment was replicatedsix times. The experiment of sanitation (SNT) and yellowfluorescent sticky trap (YST) application was designed in acompletely randomized design with six replications, except forthe control which was replicated only three times. Four treatmentsstudied were SNT, YST, combination of SNT+YST, andcontrol. The sanitation was applied by removing all weeds underthe canopy of mangosteen trees followed with soil tillage andfogging. The sticky trap was nailed on woody sticks and placedon 3 m above the ground at four different positions around thetree canopy. Parameters observed were the percentage and intensityof scars and number of thrips caught on the sticky traps.The results showed that application of early bagging, SNT, YST,and SNT+YST were effective to reduce intensity and percentageof scars. However, combination of SNT+YST demonstrated thebest results in reducing the intensity and percentage of scars by32.14% and 42.82%, respectively. Combination of SNT+YSTalso drastically decreased thrips population as indicated by thelow number of thrips catched after five biweekly observations.Since the fifth observation, the thrips population was low (lessthan 5 thrips catched per sticky trap) and far below the economicthreshold. The present study implies the importance of earlyfruit bagging, sanitation, and sticky trap application in protectingmangosteen fruits from scars.
VARIABILITY AND CORRELATION OF AGRONOMIC CHARACTERS OF MUNGBEAN GERMPLASM AND THEIR UTILIZATION FOR VARIETY IMPROVEMENT PROGRAM Lukman Hakim Hakim, Lukman
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 9, No 1 (2008): April 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Information on the variability and correlation between agronomiccharacters of mungbean accessions with their yield are importantfor supporting breeding program of the plant. A total of 350mungbean accessions were evaluated at Muara ExperimentalFarm, Indonesian Center for Food Crops Research and Development,Bogor, during the dry season of 2005. The experimentwas conducted in a completely randomized block design withthree replications. Each accession was planted in two rows of5 m long. Plant spacing was 40 cm x 20 cm, two plants per hill.Correlation and path coefficient analyses were used to quantifythe magnitude of the relationship between yield componentsand grain yield. The variability among the accessions wassignificant for most of the characters studied, especially fordays to maturity, plant height, pods per plant, and seed size.Among the yield components, the number of pods per plant andplant height positively correlated with the grain yield, but theseed size negatively correlated with grain yield. The directeffects of the number of pods per plant and plant height on seedyield as indicated by path coefficient were the highest, whileother causal effects were small or negative. Yield variation (1-R2) attributable to the nine yield component variables wasslightly high (61.23%), which means that mungbean accessionswith high grain yield should have sufficient plant heightand high number of pods per plant. Therefore, these parameters(number of pods per plant and plant height) can be usedas the selection criteria in mungbean breeding program. Thesecriteria can be visualized during bulk selection on the earlygeneration stage of F2 to F4, and subsequently on line developmentof individual plant (pedigree) of F5.

Page 5 of 36 | Total Record : 352

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