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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 1411982X     EISSN : 23548509     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
The journal publishes primary research articles from any source if they make a significant original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding of some aspect of agricultural science in Indonesia. The definition of agricultural science is kept as wide as possible to allow the broadest coverage in the journal. Accredited base on Director Decree of Indonesian Institute of Science No. 816/D/2009 with acreditation No. 172/AU1/P2MBI/08/2009. IJAS is newly accredited by the Indonesian Institute of Science in 2012 (No. 473/AU2/P2MI-LIPI/08/2012) for period of 2012-2015.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 352 Documents
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EVALUATION OF FARMERS APPRECIATION IN REDUCING PESTICIDE BY ORGANIC FARMING PRACTICE ., Indraningsih; Sani, Yulvian; Widiastuti, Raphaella
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 6, No 2 (2005): October 2005
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Vegetables and dairy milk are important commodities in Pangalenganand Lembang, West Java. However, agrochemicals areused intensively and excessively in production system. Therefore,pesticide residues and contamination commonly occurredin agricultural products and environments. The study aimed toassess farmers’ attitudes on pesticide toxicity and reducingpesticide residues in animal and food crops products, andinvestigate the attitude changes of farmers on pesticide use. Itwas an on-farm research and farmers were directly involved inthe study. The attitude change was analyzed on questionnaireand interview base for over 99 respondents in Pangalengan andLembang between 2001 and 2003. Samples of soils, weeds,cabbages and milk were collected for pesticide residue analysis.Results showed that farmers did not aware on toxicity effectsof pesticides in both animal and human health. There wasmisinterpretation among the farmers where pesticides wereregarded as drugs rather than toxic compound to increaseproductivity. The organochlorines/OCs (lindane and heptachlor)were common pesticide contaminants found in soils of 7.9-11.4 ppb, but no organophospates (OPs) were detected. BothOCs and OPs were also detected in soils of Lembang at a rangeof 11.53-65.63 ppb and 0.6-2.6 ppb, respectively. There werepesticide residues detected in weeds collected from Pangalengan(8.93 ppb lindane, 2.05 ppb heptachlor, and 33.27 ppbchlorpyriphos methyl/CPM and Lembang (6.45 ppb lindane,2.65 ppb endosulfan, 6.85 ppb diazinon, and 0.5 ppb CPM).Only endosulfan with least residue level (0.1 ppb) was detectedin organic cabbages, whereas lindane was detected much higher(3.7 ppb) in non-organic cabbages. Pesticide residues were notdetected in milk of dairy cattle fed on by-products of organiccabbages, but lindane was still present in milk of dairy cattle fedon non-organic cabbages for 7 days subsequently. The presentstudy indicates that the organic farming practice may reducepesticide residues in animal and agricultural products. Farmersappreciated that pesticides may cause residual effects on theirproducts (95.2%) and affected public health and environment(92.9%). Therefore, they were willing to convert theiragricultural practices to organic farming (69.1%).
BIOLOGY AND INTRINSIC GROWTH RATE OF EARWIG (Euborellia annulata) Nonci, Nurnina
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 6, No 2 (2005): October 2005
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Earwig (Euborellia annulata) is a potential predator of cornborer (Ostrinia furnacalis), one of the most important pests ofcorn. To include the use of predator in integrated pestmanagement (IPM) to control the pest, it is necessary tounderstand the basic information of the predator. This studyaimed to know biology and intrinsic growth rate of the predatorfeed on an artificial media (dog food). Ten pairs of newlyemerging adults of the predator were placed in a small plasticcontainer containing a mixture of soil and sand (1:1 v/v)supplemented with an artificial food. The average temperatureand relative humidity during the study were kept at 27.9-30.3oCand 76.7-92.3%, respectively. The biological aspects of thepredator evaluated were number of eggs laid, hatched, and died,as well as its oviposition period and adult mortality. Theintrinsic growth rate was studied from a group of 200 newly laideggs and results were analyzed based on the method of Birch.The biological aspects study showed that number of eggs laid bya single female of E. annulata was 86-166, which were laid fivetimes in a group of 9-45 eggs. The nymph consists of fiveinstars. Length of nymphs varied ranging from 4 to 13 mmdepends on their instar. The fifth instar nymph period was 4-6days for female and 2-3 days for male. The period of first matingwas shorter; the shortest was 2 minutes and the longest one was70 minutes. Both male and female were able to do mating severaltimes at an interval of several seconds or minutes. Pre-ovipositionperiod was 6-13 days. The eggs were deposited five times, the first,second, third, fourth, and fifth oviposition period were 7-22 days,7-21 days, 7-18 days, 11-18 days, and 11-21 days, respectively.The oviposition period was 32-59 days and postoviposition periodwas 21-51 days. Ratio between male and female was 1.4:1.0. Theaverage natural mortality of E. annulata was 10.5% which meansthat 89.5% of deposited eggs hatched became nymphs. The studyalso revealed that the intrinsic growth rate (r) of the predator was0.0772, net reproductive rate (R0) 80.16, limited growth rate (λ)1.17, nymph stage period 39-46 days, and adult longevity of maleand female were 57-75 and 61-89 days, respectively. The studyimplies that E. annulata is potential to be incorporated in IPMfor controlling corn borer.
SOIL CONTROLLING FACTORS OF METHANE GAS PRODUCTION FROM FLOODED RICE FIELDS IN PATI DISTRICT, CENTRAL JAVA Setyanto, P.; A.B., Rosenani; Makarim, A.K.; I., Che Fauziah; Bidin, A.; ., Suharsih
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 3, No 1 (2002): April 2002
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Atmospheric methane (CH4) is recognized as one of the most important greenhouse gases. Methane, with some 15-30 times greater infrared-absorbing capability than CO2 on a mass basis, may account for 20% of anticipated global warming. Soils are one of the key factors, which play an important role in CH4 production and emission. However, data on CH4 emission from different soil types and the characteristics affecting CH4production are lacking when compared to data on agronomic practices. This study was conducted to investigate the potential of CH4 production of selected soils in Java, and determine the limiting factors of CH4 production. The results showed that addition of 1% glucose to the soils led to an increase in CH4 production by more than twelve fold compared to no glucose addition. The CH4 production potential ranged between 3.21 and 112.30 mg CH4 kg-1 soil. The lowest CH4 production potential occurred in brown-grayish Grumosol, while the highest was in dark-gray Grumosol. Chemical and physical properties of the soils have great influence on CH4 production. Stepwise multiple regression analysis of CH4 production and soil characteristics showed that pH and the contents of Fe2O3, MnO2, SO4, and silt in the soil strongly influenced CH4 production. Results of this study can be used for further development of a model on CH4 emission from rice fields.
MECHANISM OF ALUMINUM TOXICITY AVOIDANCE IN TROPICAL RICE (Oryza sativa), MAIZE (Zea mays), AND SOYBEAN (Glycine max) Nursyamsi, D.; Osaki, M.; Tadano, T.
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 3, No 1 (2002): April 2002
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Planting Al tolerant crops is an economically justifiable approach in crop production on acid soils. Experiments were conducted to study the mechanisms of Al tolerance among species and varieties of tropical rice, maize, and soybean with previously known levels of Al tolerance. These varieties were hydroponically cultured in 0, 5, 10, and 30 mg l-1 Al withcomplete nutrient solution at pH 4. The results show that root/shoot ratio of dry weight at 10 mg l-1 Al treatment was an important parameter to indicate differential Al tolerance in maize. Oxalic acid exudation from roots cannot always explain the Al tolerance. Total organic acid concentration in roots at 10 mg l-1 Al treatment indicated a difference of Al tolerance in soybean and lowland rice. Aluminum translocation from roots to shoots was lower in  tolerant varieties than in sensitive varieties of soybean. Increased Al concentration in shoots with increased Al level in the solution was larger in soybean and maize than in lowland or upland rice. Among varieties of  soybean, the Al concentration in shoots increased drastically in Wilis (Al-sensitive variety) with increase Al level, while in Kitamusume (Al-tolerant variety) it did not.
THE CYANOGENIC POTENTIAL OF ROOTS AND LEAVES OF NINETY NINE CASSAVA CULTIVARS Hidayat, A.; Zuraida, N.; Hanarida, I.
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 3, No 1 (2002): April 2002
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Studies on cyanogenic potential (CP) of roots and leaves of Indonesian cassava germplasm are still inadequate in relation to food toxicity and on human health. The CP of leaves of 99 cassava cultivars was analyzed using picrate paper kits. Effort to reduce CP of cassava leaves by boiling them was also conducted. The results showed that roots and leaves had low and moderate level of CP. There was a significant correlation between the CP of leaves (Y) and roots (X) of 45 cassava cultivars with regression equation Y = 36.214 + 1.3085 X (r = 0.5228). The CP content was high in the young  leaves (241 ppm) and low in the older ones (99 ppm). The proximal portion of the roots had the highest CP content (300 ppm), and that in the distal end was the lowest (56 ppm). The root part close to cortex had highest CP content (550 ppm), whereas the central part was  the lowest (35 ppm). Boiling cassava leaves for 20 minutes significantly reduced the CP up to 75%, indicating that for safety, cassava should be completely processed or cooked. This study implied that CP content should be considered in cassava breeding programs. Forty two of 99 cassava cultivars have CP below 50 ppm which is safe for consumption.
WATERMELON MOSAIC VIRUS OF PUMPKIN (Cucurbita maxima) FROM SULAWESI: IDENTIFICATION, TRANSMISSION, AND HOST RANGE Wakmana, Wasmo; Kontong, M.S.; Teakle, D.S.; Persley, D.M.
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 3, No 1 (2002): April 2002
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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A mosaic disease of pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima) was spread widely in Sulawesi. Since the virus had not yet been identified, a study was conducted to identify the disease through mechanical inoculation, aphid vector transmission, host range, and electron microscopic test. Crude sap of infected pumpkin leaf samples was rubbed on the cotyledons of healthy pumpkin seedlings for mechanical inoculation. For insect transmission, five infective aphids were infected per seedling. Seedlings of eleven different species were inoculated mechanically for host range test. Clarified sap was examined under the electron microscope. Seeds of two pumpkin fruits from two different infected plants were planted and observed for disease transmission up to one-month old seedlings. The mosaic disease was transmitted mechanically from crude sap of different leaf samples to healthy pumpkin seedlings showing mosaic symptoms. The virus also infected eight cucurbits, i.e., cucumber (Cucumis sativus), green melon (Cucumis melo), orange/rock melon (C. melo), zucchini (Cucurbita pepo), pumpkin (Cucurbita maxima), water melon (Citrulus vulgaris), Bennicosa hispida, and blewah (Cucurbita sp.). Aphids  transmitted the disease from one to other pumpkin seedlings. The virus was not transmitted by seed. The mosaic disease of pumpkin at Maros, South Sulawesi, was associated with flexious particles of approximately 750 nm length, possibly a potyvirus, such as water melon mosaic virus rather than papaya ringspot virus or zucchini yellow mosaic virus.
REPRODUCTIVE BIOLOGY OF FIVE SPECIES OF ANCHOVIES (ENGRAULIDAE) FROM BIMA BAY, SUMBAWA, NUSA TENGGARA Andamari, Retno; Milton, David; Zubaidi, Thohir
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 3, No 2 (2002): October 2002
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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The reproductive biology of five species of anchovies (Encrasicholina and Stolephorus) in Bima Bay, Nusa Tenggara, Indonesia was examined and  compared with previous studies of the same species in Bacan, Maluku and other parts of Indonesia. Fish and plankton sampling was conducted in February and April 2000. The length and weight relationship of five species of anchovies had a slope (b) that ranged from 2.71 to 3.74. These values were less than those found in Bacan for the same species. All species were multiple spawner and the mean batch fecundity ranged between 1226 (Encrasicholina devisi) and 2470 (E. punctifer). Relative fecundity varied among the species inversely with size, being lower in the larger species. Age at first spawning varied from 67 to 141 days for all five species and was higher in Stolephorus species. Lifetime egg production was less than that found in Bacan for the same species, but similar to that found in similar habitats elsewhere in the tropical Indo-Pacific. These results suggest that anchovy egg production is higher, but more variable in open oceanic environments compared with the more stable, coastal bays.
COMMUNICATION APPROACH FOR AGRICULTURAL TECHNOLOGY TRANSFER IN VARIOUS AGRO-ECOSYSTEM ZONES: A Case Study in South Sumatra Province Sulaiman, Fawzia
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 3, No 2 (2002): October 2002
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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An effective communication and dissemination of research results should be based on the natural resource endowment in each agro-ecosystem and the socio-economic background of the prospective clientele. The objective of this study was to examine several forms of communication approaches for disseminating agricultural technology and information. This study was based on a baseline survey conducted in four agroecosystems of South Sumatra Province, i.e. tidal swamp, swamp, dry lowland, and irrigated lowland. Results indicated that the social economic condition and natural resource endowment of farmers in the swamp agro-ecosystem zone (AEZ) of Ogan Komering Ilir is suitable for fishery development instead of food crop agribusiness. However, farmers in the swamp AEZ need technologies that reduce their workload in land cultivation and weeding activities. Further, as field extension workers (FEWs) were considered as the source of agricultural information by most farmers, the involvement of FEWs in agricultural research and technology assessment will increase the effectiveness of the innovation transfer, especially in the tidal swamp and irrigated lowland AEZs. In the four AEZs, the FEWs and farmer group leader can be used as an effective channel to convey agricultural technology and information in South Sumatra Province.
COLORIMETRIC MEASUREMENTS OF COCOA BEANS (Theobroma cacao) Meulemans, Charles C.E.; T., Untung Surapati; Tjatjo, Ardin
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 3, No 2 (2002): October 2002
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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A series of studies have been carried out to develop a simple, easy to use, and affordable device to measure the colour of cocoa beans. The present paper reports the development of the device based on colorimetric principles. An electronic device which enables cocoa smallholders to give an objective “onefigure” indication of the quality of their cocoa beans was described. A sensor was constructed which contained a red light emitting diode (LED) illuminating the target and a silicon photodiode detecting the reflected light. Because of the considerable difference in colour between dried unfermented and fermented cocoa beans, the differences in diffuse reflection of red light (660 nm) could be about 20 and very easy to measure. The method was checked with a spectrophotometer in the fixed mode at 660 nm, which revealed a high correlation coefficient. The sensor was combined with a microprocessor controlled electronic device for fast measurement of cocoa beans without any calculations which automatically counts the number of measured beans and gives the resulting average reflection value.
LACK OF EFFECT OF PRETREATMENT ON THE VIABILITY OF MACADAMIA (Macadamia integrifolia) SEED Hasanah, Maharani; ., Sukarman; ., Sukarman; Rusmin, Devi; Rusmin, Devi
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 3, No 2 (2002): October 2002
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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One problem in developing macadamia in Indonesia is the limited availability of good quality seed. Viability of the seed is easily lost and erratic, and the seed has long dormancy periods. The objective of the study was to find a method for enhancing germination percentage of macadamia seed. The study evaluated different pretreatments of macadamia seeds before planting. The pretreatments were period of fermentation, i.e., 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, and 7 daysone day each soakingdrying-soakingone day each drying-soaking-dryingand alternate drying-soaking until the seeds were cracked. The treatments were arranged in completely randomized design. Results showed that no treatment significantly affected percentage of seed germination, index of speed of germination, number of leaves, and dehydrogenase enzyme activity, but treatments significantly affected seedling height and electric conductivity of seed leakage solution. Seed germination percentage ranged from 66.67 to 86.67.

Page 9 of 36 | Total Record : 352

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