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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 1411982X     EISSN : 23548509     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
The journal publishes primary research articles from any source if they make a significant original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding of some aspect of agricultural science in Indonesia. The definition of agricultural science is kept as wide as possible to allow the broadest coverage in the journal. Accredited base on Director Decree of Indonesian Institute of Science No. 816/D/2009 with acreditation No. 172/AU1/P2MBI/08/2009. IJAS is newly accredited by the Indonesian Institute of Science in 2012 (No. 473/AU2/P2MI-LIPI/08/2012) for period of 2012-2015.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 352 Documents
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HYPOGLYCEMIC ACTIVITY OF SOME INDONESIAN RICE VARIETIES AND THEIR PHYSICOCHEMICAL PROPERTIES Widowati, Sri; Astawan, Made; Muchtadi, Deddy; Wresdiyati, Tutik
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 7, No 2 (2006): October 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Diabetes mellitus is a spectrum of inherited and acquired disorderscharacterized by elevating blood glucose levels. Diabetesis an abnormal carbohydrate metabolism, therefore, diet therapyfor diabetics plays a key role in the management of thedisease. Most Indonesian people consume rice as source ofenergy and protein. Generally, diabetics consume very limitedrice because they believe that rice is the one of hyperglycemicfood, even though different rice varieties have large range ofglycemic index. The study aimed to evaluate hypoglycemicproperties by using rat assay and chemical characteristics of 10Indonesian rice varieties, i.e. Pandan Wangi, Rojolele, BengawanSolo, Cenana Bali, Memberamo, Celebes, Ciherang, BatangPiaman, Cisokan, and Lusi. Taj Mahal, an herbal ponni importedrice, was used as a comparison. Male Sprague Dawley rats (150-200 g body weight) were used for hypoglycemic assay. The ratswere fasted overnight before the blood glucose was measured inthe morning. The rats were then feed with 4.5 g rice per kgbody weight by oral administration, followed by 1 ml of 10%glucose solution in the next 30 minutes. The blood glucose wasmeasured for the next 30, 60, 90, and 120 minutes. Changes inblood glucose concentrations (mg dl-1) before and after the oraladministrations were calculated for each rice variety tested.Results showed that Cisokan and Batang Piaman were categorizedas low glycemic responses and Ciherang as high glycemic response,while the other varieties (Memberamo, Cenana Bali,Lusi, Bengawan Solo, Pandan Wangi, Celebes, and Rojo Lele)showed moderate glycemic responses. As the best hypoglycemicactivity, Cisokan contained high amylose (27.6%), fat (0.87%),total dietary fiber (6.24%), resistant starch (2.02%), and loweststarch digestibility (52.2%), which are ideal for diabetic’s consumption.Ciherang as the worst hypoglycemic activity had lowresistant starch (1.78%), low total dietary fiber (4.52%), and mediumamylose (23.0%). This study implies that Cisokan varietyis suitable for diabetic’s consumption.
EFFECTS OF TYPES OF MEDIA AND NPK FERTILIZER ON THE ROOTING CAPACITY OF CHRYSANTHEMUM CUTTINGS Budiarto, K.; Sulyo, Y.; S.N., E. Dwi; Maaswinkel, R.H.M.
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 7, No 2 (2006): October 2006
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Physiological status of chrysanthemum cuttings during rooting process highly influences plant growth and flower production. Amongst other aspects, rooting capacity of the cuttings is the most important. Rooting capacity is influenced by environmental conditions such as growing medium and nutrition. The study was aimed to analyze the effects of different types of media, fertilizer concentration, and frequency of fertilizer application on the rooting capacity of chrysanthemum cuttings. The experiment was conducted at the Segunung Experimental Station of the Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute from February to May 2005. The treatments consisted of four different rooting media, i.e. carbonized rice husk, coco peat, perlite, and mixture of perlite and vermiculite (1:1 v/v); two concentrations of NPK (25:7:7) fertilizers, i.e. 1.75 and 2.5 g 1-l; and four frequencies of fertilizer application, i.e. every 1 day, 2 days, 3 days, and 4 days. The experiment was designed in acompletely randomized block with four replications. Parameters observed were rooting capacity and cutting performances such as cutting height, cutting diameter, number of leaves, number of visible roots, and root length at 16 days after planting. The results showed that chrysanthemum cuttings rooted in carbonized rice husk had better performance than those rooted in coco peat, vermiculite, and mixture of perlite + vermiculite. Higher concentration of fertilizer solution up to 2.5 g l-1 also gavesignificant effect on the root formation and further root growth of cuttings. However, the rooting capacity of cuttings was not affected by the frequency of fertilizer application. This study implied that carbonized rice husk growing medium supplemented with NPK (2.5 g l-l) every 4 days during rooting period is the choice for traditional chrysanthemum growers to increase the perform-ance and quality of the cut flowers.
METHANE EMISSION FROM PADDY FIELDS AS INFLUENCED BY DIFFERENT WATER REGIMES IN CENTRAL JAVA Setyanto, Prihasto; Bakar, Rosenani Abu
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 6, No 1 (2005): April 2005
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

The concentration of methane (CH4) in the atmosphere is increasing at 1% per annum and rice fields are one of the sources that contribute to about 10-15% of the atmospheric CH4. One of the options to reduce greenhouse gas emission from rice fields is probably through water management. A field study was conducted to investigate the effects of water management practices on CH4 emission from rice field plots on a silty sand Aeric Tropaquept soil at Research Station for AgriculturalEnvironment Preservation, Jakenan, Central Java, Indonesia, during the dry season of March to June 2002. Four water regimes tested were: (1) 5 cm continuous flooding (CF), (2) 0-1 cm continuous flooding (ST), (3) intermittent irrigation (IR) where plots received continuously 5 cm of flooding with two times of draining at 15-20 and 25-30 days after transplanting (DAT), and (4) pulse irrigation (PI) where plots were watered until 5 cm level and left to dry by itself until the water table reached30 cm beneath soil surface then watered again. The total CH4 emissions of the four water treatments were 254, 185, 136 and 96 kg CH4 ha-1 for CF, ST, IR and PI, respectively. Methane emission increased during the early growing season, which coincided with the low redox potential of -100 to -150 mV in all treatments. Dry matter weight of straw and filled grainamong the water treatments did not show significant differences. Likewise, total grain yield at 14% moisture content was not significantly different among treatments. However, this result should be carefully interpreted because the rice plants in all water treatments were infested by stem borer, which reduced the total grain yield of IR64 between 11% and 16%. This study suggests that intermittent and pulse irrigation practices will beimportant not only for water use efficiency, but also for CH4 emission reduction.
CHARACTERISATION OF SOYBEAN RHIZOBIAL STRAINS FROM JAVA AND SUMATRA Waluyo, Setiyo Hadi; Lie, Tek An; Mannetje, Leendert’t; de Vos, Willem M.
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 6, No 1 (2005): April 2005
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

To get insight in the structure of soybean rhizobial populationnative to Indonesian soils, a thorough survey of the occurrenceof the soybean rhizobia were conducted in several locations inJava and Sumatra. A total of 51 different isolates of rhizobialstrains were characterised phenotypically based on their symbioticproperties, and genetically using amplified ribosomal DNArestriction analysis (ARDRA). Based on their nodulation capacityon both soybean and the native legume mungbean, these rhizobialstrains could be divided into a group of 16 strains specific forsoybean only and another group of 35 promiscuous strains thatnodulated both leguminous plants. Based on ARDRA of PCRamplified16S rDNA and 16S-23S rDNA spacer fragments, therhizobial strains isolated from Java differed with those fromSumatra. Six Java isolates and only one Sumatra isolate wereclassified as Bradyrhizobium japonicum and these similar to thatof B. japonicum strain USDA 110. All these B. japonicum strainswere highly specific for soybean. One isolate from Java showeda rather unique position. The remaining strains from Java (20),which were symbiotically promiscuous strains, were clustered inanother group. This group and another group containing mostSumatra isolates were distinct from B. japonicum USDA 110 andtherefore it is tempting to speculate that these represent indigenoussoybean rhizobial bacteria. Application of agriculturalpractices, such as enhancement of rhizobial population, toincrease soybean production is still essential and noteworthy inSumatra.
PHYLOGENETIC RELATIONSHIPS AMONGST 10 Durio SPECIES BASED ON PCR-RFLP ANALYSIS OF TWO CHLOROPLAST GENES Santoso, Panca J.; Saleh, Ghizan B.; Saleh, Norihan M.; Napis, Suhaimi
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 6, No 1 (2005): April 2005
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Twenty seven species of Durio have been identified in Sabah and Sarawak, Malaysia, but their relationships have not been studied. This study was conducted to analyse phylogenetic relationships amongst 10 Durio species in Malaysia using PCR-RFLP on two chloroplast DNA genes, i.e. ndhC-trnV and rbcL. DNAs were extracted from young leaves of 11 accessions from 10 Durio species collected from the Tenom Agriculture Research Station,Sabah, and University Agriculture Park, Universiti Putra Malaysia. Two pairs of oligonucleotide primers, N1-N2 and rbcL1-rbcL2, were used to flank the target regions ndhC-trnV and rbcL. Eight restriction enzymes, HindIII, BsuRI, PstI, TaqI, MspI, SmaI, BshNI, and EcoR130I, were used to digest the amplicons. Based on the results of PCR-RFLP on ndhC-trnV gene, the 10 Durio species were grouped into five distinct clusters, and the  accessions generally showed high variations. However, based on the results of PCR-RFLP on the rbcL gene, the species were grouped into three distinct clusters, and generally showed low variations. This means that ndhC-trnV gene is more reliable for phylogenetic analysis in lower taxonomic level of Durio species or for diversity analysis, while rbcL gene is reliable marker for phylogenetic analysis at higher taxonomic level. PCR-RFLP on the ndhC-trnV and rbcL genes could therefore be considered as useful markers to phylogenetic analysis amongst Durio species. These finding might be used for further molecular marker assisted in Durio breeding program.
IDENTIFICATION OF WIDE COMPATIBILITY VARIETIES IN SOME TROPICAL JAPONICA RICE Hairmansis, A.; Aswidinnoor, Hajrial; Trikoesoemaningtyas, Trikoesoemaningtyas; Suwarno, Suwarno
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 6, No 1 (2005): April 2005
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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The F1 hybrid sterility in indica/japonica crosses is the major barrier in developing hybrid rice varieties between these two diverse germplasm. The sterility problem in japonica/indica hybrids can be overcome by using wide compatibility genes. The objective of this study was to identify wide compatibility varieties (WCVs) in some tropical japonica rice. Twenty five tropical japonica varieties as male parents were crossed with indica (IR64)and japonica (Akitakomachi) testers as female parents. The crosses were planted following a randomized complete block design with three replications. Varieties having average spikelet fertility of more than 70% with both the indica and japonica testers were rated as WCVs. Result from this study showed that six tropical japonica varieties were classified as WCVs, i.e., Cabacu, Grogol, Kencana Bali, Klemas, Lampung Lawer, and Napa. Hybrid sterility is caused by partial sterility of male and female gametes. The WCVs from the present study can be used in hybrid rice breeding program to solve hybrid sterility in indica/japonica hybrids.
THE USE OF gusA REPORTER GENE TO MONITOR THE SURVIVAL OF INTRODUCED BACTERIA IN THE SOIL Husen, Edi
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 6, No 1 (2005): April 2005
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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An effective marker to monitor the survival of introduced bacteria in the soil is required for further evaluation of their beneficial effects on plant growth. This study tested the use of gusA gene as a marker to trace the fate of three Gram negative bacteria in the root, rhizosphere, and soil. The study was conducted at the laboratory and greenhouse of the National Institute of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Philippines from January to December 2001. Isolates TCaR 61 and TCeRe 60, and Azotobacter vinelandii Mac 259 were selected as test bacteria based on their ability to produce indole-3acetic acid and solubilize precipitated phosphate, which may promote plant growth in the field. These bacteria were marked with gusA reporter gene from Escherichia coli strain S17-1(λ-pir) containing mTn5SSgusA21. The gusA (β-glucuronidase) gene from the donor (E. coli) was transferred to each bacterium (recipient) through bacterial conjugation in mating procedures using tryptone-yeast agar followed by the selection of the transconjugants (bacteria receiving gusA) in tryptone-yeast agar supplemented with double antibiotics and X-GlcA (5bromo-4chloro- 3indoxyl-β-D-glucuronic acid). The antibiotics used were rifampicin and either streptomycin or spectinomycin based on antibiotic profiles of thedonor and recipients. The results showed that the insertion of gusA gene into bacterial genomes of the recipient did not impair its phenotypic traits; the growth rates of the transconjugants as well as their ability to produce indole-3acetic acid and solubilize precipitated phosphate in pure culture were similar to their wild types. All transconjugants colonized the roots of hot pepper (Capsicum annuum L.) and survived in the rhizosphere and soil until the late of vegetative growth stage. The distinct blue stainingof transconjugants as the expression of gusA gene in media containing X-GlcA coupled with their resistance to rifampicin and streptomycin or spectinomycin made them easier to be recognized and evaluated.
THE STEM BORER INFESTATION ON RICE CULTIVARS AT THREE PLANTING TIMES Suharto, Hendarsih; Usyati, N.
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 6, No 2 (2005): October 2005
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Stem borer is the second important rice pest after rats in Indonesia. A field trial was conducted in Karawang, West Java in dry season of 2003 to study the effect of planting time on the stem borer infestation on seven rice cultivars. The rice cultivars tested were Fatmawati (new plant type cultivar), Gilirang (semi-new plant type cultivar), Maro and Intani 3 (hybrid rice cultivars), and IR72, Cilosari and IR62 (inbreed rice cultivars). The three planting times (PT) were: (1) the early PT, 14 days before farmer’s PT, (2) the common PT, simultaneously with farmer’s PT, and (3) the late PT, 14 days after farmer’s PT. The trial was arranged in a split plot design with four replications. Planting time is the main plot and rice cultivar is the subplot. Fourteen-day old rice seedlings were transplanted at 25 cm x 25 cm planting distance in a 5 m x 6 m plot size. Species and fluctuation of rice stem borer were determined by using water traps containing four synthetic sex pheromone lures of rice stem borer species as attractant.Results showed that the dominant species of stem borer was yellow stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas Wlk.). Degree of stem borer infestation depended upon the planting time. Stem borer infestation at the first planting time was higher (average 37.90%) compared to those found at the second and third planting time, i.e. 0.65% and 0.54%, respectively. Rice yields of Fatmawati, Gilirang, Maro, Intani-3, and Cilosari cultivarscorrelated with the degree of stem borer infestation, but did not correlate with planting time. Cilosari cultivar showed the most tolerant under heavily stem borer infestation. The present study implies that adjustment of planting time is the most feasible effort to reduce stem borer infestation because none of the seven rice cultivars tested were able to minimize  damage under heavily infestation of yellow stem borer.
FORAGE PRODUCTION OF SOME LESSER-KNOWN LEUCAENA SPECIES GROWN ON ACID SOIL Purwantari, Nurhayati D.
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 6, No 2 (2005): October 2005
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Leucaena leucocephala leaves are nutritious and palatable for ruminants. However, the plant is poorly adapted on acid soil, water logged, and susceptible to psyllid (Heteropsylla cubana). Leucaena favours soils with pH >5. It performs best on calcareous soils. This study aimed to evaluate adaptability of several Leucaena species on acid soils. The study was conducted at the experimental field in Ciawi, Bogor, altitude 500 m abovesea level, rainfall 1500-2000 mm year-1, on Latosol soil with pH 5.2. Leucaena species evaluated were L. leucocephala K28, L. leucocephala (local type), Leucaena KX2 hybrid, L. collinsii, L. trichandra, and L. diversifolia. Experiment was designed in a randomized complete block, four replications. All the seedlings were grown in the nursery for 2.5 months before being transplanted to the field. The plants were grown in row plots of 5 m x 1 m with planting distance 0.5 m and spacing between row plot was 3 m. One unit replicate was 5 m x 21 m. In wet season, the plants were pruned at 50 cm height every 3 months, whilst in dry season pruning was done every 5 months. Parameter measured were plant regrowth and forage production (edible part and non-edible part of the plant), as well as N and P content of the edible part. The result showed that Leucaena KX2 hybrid was superior to other leucaenas. Regrowthof KX2 hybrid was the fastest and produced highest forage. The highest fresh weight forage production for 1 year (four times harvests), i.e. 33.93 t ha-1 year-1 equal to 12.48 t ha- 1 year-1 of dry weight, was obtained  from Leucaena KX2 hybrid, whereas the lowest was produced by L.  diversifolia, i.e. 3.12 t ha-1 year-1 of fresh weight or 1.01 t ha-1 year-1 of dry weight. Production of non-edible part followed the pattern of production of edible part. N and P content in the edible part of all Leucaena species did not show any significant difference except for L. trichandra which contained the lowest. This study implies that Leucaena KX2 hybrid is adaptable to acid soil; therefore it can be grown in wider areas throughout Indonesia.
DIVERSITY AND ABUNDANCE OF MITES IN A MANDARIN CITRUS ORCHARD IN WEST SUMATRA ., Affandi; Corpuz-Raros, Leonila A.
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 6, No 2 (2005): October 2005
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Some of the most destructive pests in citrus orchards are spider mites.  Monitoring prior applied pest control is a standard procedure for integrated pest management (IPM). The study aimed to survey and determine the distribution, abundance, and diversity of phytophagous, predatory, and detritivorous mites at different stages of development of arboreal plant parts, weeds and litter in the citrus orchard. A periodical sampling surveymethod was conducted on six growth stages of mandarin citrus, weeds and litter of the Indonesian Fruits Research Institute experimental field in Solok, West Sumatra in December 2003 to June 2004. All mites attached on each growth stage of citrus, weeds and litter were trapped and mounted on slide for identification purposes. Identification of the mites was conducted in the Acarology Laboratory, Department of Entomology, University of the Philippines at Los Banos in July-October 2004. The results showed that a very rich mite fauna of 130 species was found in the arboreal parts of citrus crops, weeds and litter below the canopy of the citrus orchard. Among the trophic groups, detritivorous mites were the most abundant, followed by the predators, phytophages, and thoseunknown feeding habit. Among the habitats, weeds harbored the most mite species followed by litter and arboreal parts of the citrus trees. The flush growth stage had the least diverse mite fauna with index diversity (H’) of 1.27, while the most diverse (H’ = 2.01) was found at fruit development phase II. Result of this research was useful in determining proper time for controlling phytophagous mites. Besides, the result alsoprovides important information on potential predatory mites that can be used as biological control agents. Furthermore, the study implies the importance of maintaining cover crops of weeds and litter beneath the citrus trees as refuge and source of alternate prey for predators which suppressed populations of phytophagous mites.

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