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INDONESIA
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 1411982X     EISSN : 23548509     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
The journal publishes primary research articles from any source if they make a significant original contribution to the experimental or theoretical understanding of some aspect of agricultural science in Indonesia. The definition of agricultural science is kept as wide as possible to allow the broadest coverage in the journal. Accredited base on Director Decree of Indonesian Institute of Science No. 816/D/2009 with acreditation No. 172/AU1/P2MBI/08/2009. IJAS is newly accredited by the Indonesian Institute of Science in 2012 (No. 473/AU2/P2MI-LIPI/08/2012) for period of 2012-2015.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 352 Documents
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POPULATION FLUCTUATION OF ADULT MALES OF THE FRUIT FLY, Bactrocera tau Walker (DIPTERA: TEPHRITIDAE) IN PASSION FRUIT ORCHARDS IN RELATION TO ABIOTIC FACTORS AND SANITATION Hasyim, A.; ., Muryati; Kogel, W.J. de
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 9, No 1 (2008): April 2008
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Fruit fly (Bactrocera tau) is the most destructive pest on somefruits in Indonesia. Monitoring of the pest population is essentialas one of the procedures in the IPM concept. The studyaimed to investigate the seasonal fluctuation of adult males ofB. tau and their damage on passion fruits in relation to abioticfactors. The research was done by a survey method on threeplots of passion fruit orchards in Alahan Panjang, West Sumatra,Indonesia from March to December 2005. In plot 1 thefarmer practiced sanitation by removing damaged fruits andweeds from the orchard. In the plots 2 and 3 no sanitation waspracticed. Each plot was 1 ha in size. The parameters observedwere density of adult male B. tau and climatic factors (rainfallper day, number of rainy days, and average day temperature).Empty mineral water bottle traps were used to catch adult malesof B. tau. Each plot had 16 traps set up with cue lure as fruitfly attractant. Each trap was baited with 3 ml cue lure on acotton wick (1 cm diameter). The cotton wick was rebaited at2-week intervals. The traps were placed on host plants about1.5 m above the ground. Trapped flies were collected every twoweeks and counted. The data were analyzed by correlationanalysis. The results revealed that the number of male B. tauin three orchards showed a similar fluctuation during the studyperiod with a major peak in July. The lower numbers of fliescaptured in plot 1 (with sanitation) compared to the two otherplots (without sanitation) were consistent with a lower percentageof damaged fruits in the plot 1 compared to the other two.The percentage of damaged fruits gradually decreased over timeto about 20% in plot 1 which is lower than that in the other twoplots (30-40%). The number of fruit flies captured with cue lurebaited traps correlated positively with all three abiotic factorsstudied. The seasonal fluctuation of the fruit fly population andthe damage to the fruits are necessary to be studied as a procedurein IPM for controlling B. tau.
MORPHOLOGICAL CHANGES DURING THE DEVELOPMENT OF SOMATIC EMBRYOS OF SAGO (Metroxylon sagu Rottb.) Kasi, Pauline D.; ., Sumaryono
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 8, No 2 (2007): October 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Development of somatic embryos of sago (Metroxylon saguRottb.) on agar-solidified medium are highly varied producingheterogeneous seedlings. Understanding of this phenomenon mayhelp in improving the cultural procedures and conditions of sagosomatic embryogenesis to obtain uniform seedlings in a largescale. This experiment was conducted at the laboratory for plantcell culture and micropropagation, Indonesian BiotechnologyResearch Institute for Estate Crops from January to March 2006to examine morphological changes i.e. color and developmentstages of sago during their somatic embryo development on anagar-solidified medium. Twenty single globular somatic embryosof sago with specific color (yellowish, greenish, and reddish)were cultured in a Petri dish supplemented with a solid medium.The medium was a micronutrients-modified MS (MMS) withhalf strength of macronutrients containing 0.01 mg l-1 ABA, 2mg l-1 kinetin, 20 g l-1 sucrose, 0.5 g l-1 activated charcoal, and2 g l-1 gelrite. Parameter observed was the percentage ofembryo’s number based on color and developmental stage. Theresult showed that at the end of 6-week culture passage, mostoriginally greenish (80.8%) and reddish (95.8%) embryosremained unchanged in their colors, whereas almost half of theoriginally yellowish embryos turned to greenish and only 30%remained yellowish. At the same time, single globular embryoshave changed gradually into the next developmental stages,although not all of the embryos were germinated. The initialcolor of embryo affected the rate of the developmental stagechanges. Yellowish and greenish globular embryos developedmore rapidly into cotyledon or germinant stages at 58% and55% respectively, in 6 weeks than the reddish ones (41%).Therefore, the yellowish and greenish embryos are the bestsources of material for in vitro mass propagation and syntheticseed production of sago.
DIALLEL ANALYSIS OF RESISTANCE TO BACTERIAL STALK ROT (Pectobacterium chrysanthemi pv. zeae Burk., McFad. and Dim.) IN CORN (Zea mays L.) Subekti, Nuning A.; Salazar, Artemio M.
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 8, No 2 (2007): October 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

One of the major disease problems affecting maize farming inthe Philippines is bacterial stalk rot (BSR) caused by Pectobacteriumchrysanthemi pv. zeae Burk., McFad. and Dim., whichis formerly known as Erwinia chrysanthemi. The annual lossdue to BSR is estimated at PhP. 20 million equivalent to Rp3.5billion. At present, there is no effective control method againstBSR and, therefore, varietal improvement through breedingresistant germplasms is needed. The present study aimed todetermine the combining ability and the extent of additive andnon-additive genetic effects in corn inbred lines with a rangeof reaction to BSR. Four resistant lines (S3YB 137-1-1-B, TUPI(S3) 5-1-B, TUPI (S3) 15-2-B, and 97-835) and two susceptiblelines (CML 295 and 97-733) were used as genetic materials.Generation of test entries and evaluation of disease resistancewere conducted at the experimental farm station of Universityof the Philippines Los Banos and Institute of Plant BreedingLos Banos, respectively, during 2002 to 2003 wet seasons.Griffing’s diallel mating system Model 1, Method 1 was followedin generating the test entries to make a total of 36 entries (sixselfed parental lines and 15 each of F1 crosses and their reciprocalcrosses). The entries were then evaluated for diseaseresistance in a yield trial following a randomized complete blockdesign (RCBD) with two replications. Results of diallel analysisshowed two lines, S3YB 137-1-1-B and TUPI (S3) 5-1-B,exhibited the best general combining ability (GCA) for resistanceto BSR, while the crosses S3YB 137-1-1-B x TUPI (S3)5-1-B and TUPI (S3) 5-1-B x 97-835 performed the bestspecific combining ability (SCA) for the resistance. GCA effectwas greater than that of SCA. This indicated that additive geneeffects were found to be more important than non-additive geneeffects in the expression of resistance to BSR in the six cornlines used. Therefore, breeding programs towards recurrentselection that emphasize GCA would be more appropriate forBSR resistance improvement involving those six lines.
THE INHERITANCE OF YIELD AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF FIVE WHEAT HYBRID POPULATIONS UNDER DROUGHT CONDITIONS Khaliq, Ihsan; Maekawa, Masahiko; Ahmed, Nisar; Chowdhry, Muhammad Aslam
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 8, No 2 (2007): October 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

The magnitude of genetic inheritance and expected genetic advanceare important for the prediction of response to selectionin diverse environments and provide the basis for planning andevaluating breeding programs. This work investigated the inheritanceof traits related to drought in wheat under naturaldrought conditions. Cross combinations were made to produceF1 and F2 hybrid populations, which were evaluated in a randomizedcompleted block design with three replications at Universityof Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan. Six wheat varieties/linesand six derived F2 hybrids were studied to ascertain heritabilityand genetic advance for plant height, days taken to maturity,number of tillers per plant, spike length, number of grains perspike, 1000-grain weight, and grain yield per plant. Data werecollected and subjected to statistical genetic analyses. Heritabilityestimates and expected genetic advance for plant height,days taken to maturity, number of tillers per plant, 1000-grainweight and grain yield per plant were high for the entire crosscombinations while the estimates for spike length and numberof grains per spike were relatively low. Our results suggest thatimprovement for these characters should be faster because ofhigher heritabilities and greater phenotypic variation. Prospectsof genetic improvement for all the characters studied are evident.The most promising cross combinations were WL60 × LU26Sand WL61 × LU26S. These traits, therefore, deserve better attentionin future breeding programs for evolving better wheatfor stress environments.[Keywords: Triticum aestivum, plant breeding, drought resistance,yield components, genetic gain, heritability]
REGENERATION OF Pimpinella pruatjan THROUGH SOMATIC EMBRYOGENESIS Roostika, I.; Purnamaningsih, R.; Darwati, I.; Mariska, I.
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 8, No 2 (2007): October 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Abstract

Pruatjan (Pimpinella pruatjan Molk.) is an Indonesian endangeredplant which has various medicinal properties such asaphrodisiac, diuretic, and tonic. The plant is commonly harvestedfrom its natural habitat, therefore it becomes endangered. Regenerationof pruatjan through organogenesis has been studied,but its shoot multiplication was very low (5 shoots per explant).The study aimed to investigate the best regeneration techniqueof pruatjan through somatic embryogenesis. This research wasconducted at the tissue culture laboratory, Indonesian Centerfor Agricultural Biotechnology and Genetic Resources Researchand Development in 2004-2005. Callus formation of pruatjanwas induced from the petioles and leaves in Driver andKuniyaki’s (DKW) based medium containing 2,4-D combinedwith picloram at the level of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, and 1.5 ppm. Embryogeniccalli were then transferred into embryo developmentmedium in two ways. First, they were directly transferred intomedia containing IBA/NAA at the level of 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5 ppm.Second, they were indirectly transferred into media containing2.0 ppm 2,4-D and 0.3% casein hydrolysate prior to the IBA/NAA media. Parameters evaluated were fresh weight, dryweight, time initiation of embryogenic callus formation, andtotal number of embryos. The result showed that calli ofpruatjan were successfully induced from the petioles and leaves.The best calli were induced from the leaves in the DKWmedium containing 2.0 ppm 2,4-D and 0.5 ppm picloram.Embryo development of the calli was best if they were firstgrown in the media containing 2.0 ppm 2,4-D and 0.3% caseinhydrolysate then transferred to the IBA/NAA media. The totalnumber of somatic embryos was counted up to 103 on themedium containing 1.5 ppm IBA. This study indicated thatpruatjan somatic embryogenesis regeneration required threedifferent media, i.e. for callus induction, development andmaturation, and for germination.
SOIL PROPERTIES OF THE ALLUVIAL PLAIN AND ITS POTENTIAL USE FOR AGRICULTURE IN DONGGALA REGION, CENTRAL SULAWESI Al-Jabri, M.
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 8, No 2 (2007): October 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Agricultural lands of Donggala region are extensively distributedin alluvial plain. However, information on soil properties andfertility constraints has not been known in detail. An investigationof soil resources was conducted in September 2003 andDecember 2004 to characterize surface soil properties of alluvialplain and to evaluate soil fertility constraints. For this study,55 representative soil profiles consisting of 187 soil sampleswere selected for physical, chemical, and mineralogical analyses.The soil profiles were classified as soil groups of Ustifluvents,Haplustepts, Eutrudepts, and Endoaquepts. All the soil physicaland chemical data were calculated as weighted average based ontop 30 cm soil layer analyses. The results showed that soil textureranged from sandy loam to loam. In ustic moisture regime,the average pH was neutral (7.0-7.2), but in udic moisture regimeit was slightly acid (5.5-6.2). In all soil groups, the organiccarbon content was very low to low (0.58-1.44%), P retentionwas very low (3-18%), and soil cation exchange capacity (CEC)was very low to low (9-14 cmol(+) kg-1). In contrast, all the soilgroups showed very high content of potential phosphate (81-118 mg P2O5 100 g-1) and potassium (338-475 mg K2O 100 g-1),but the available phosphate and potassium were 16-47 mg kg-1P and 0.18-0.35 cmol(+) kg-1, respectively, which were consideredto be low to medium range. The very high P2O5 and K2O wereprobably derived from weathered mica-schist and granite rocks,but low exchangeable K was probably due to K fixation. Thesand mineral fraction was composed of relatively high (> 20%)weatherable minerals of acid parent materials, such as orthoclaseand sanidine, while the clay mineral was composed ofsmectite and illite. The low soil-CEC, low organic matter, andexchangeable K contents were the main soil fertility constraints.Therefore, soil management should be directed to organic matterapplication to increase soil carbon content, CEC, and nutrientavailability. Fertilizer recommendation for wetland rice and severalupland crops is suggested based on the soil properties.
CHANGES OF SUCROSE CONTENT AND INVERTASE ACTIVITY DURING SUGARCANE STEM STORAGE Siswoyo, Tri Agus; Oktavianawati, Ika; ., Djenal; Sugiharto, Bambang; Murdiyanto, Untung
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 8, No 2 (2007): October 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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ABSTRACTInvertases (beta-D-fructofuranosidase, E.C. 3.2.1.26) are the keyenzymes involved in sucrose metabolism in sugarcane plants.They are highly correlated with sucrose and reducing sugar contentsduring plant growth. The sugarcane plants have two kindsof invertases, namely neutral invertase (NI) and acid invertase(AI). They have different function in sucrose accumulation.The research aimed to study the role of AI and NI in accumulationof reducing sugar during storage of sugarcane stems. Plantmaterials of 18-month-old field grown sugarcane of the commercialvariety R-579 (wet-land) and M 442-51 (dry-land) wereused. Three internodes were sampled to represent immature(internode 1-8/F1), maturing (internode 9-16/F2), and mature(internode 17-24/F3) stem tissues. All tissues were stored for0-9 days at room temperature (28-32oC) and each day, the samplewas extracted to determine invertase activity, total solubleprotein, and sugar contents. This observation was valid forinvertase activity expressed on a protein basis. At the initiateharvested (0-3 days), NI had a higher specific activity than AIin the sucrose-accumulating region of the sugarcane stems.Negative significant correlation was found between NI specificactivity and sucrose accumulation (r2 = 0.41, P < 0.05). AIshowed a higher specific activity after 4 days harvested and hadnegative correlation with sucrose accumulation (r2 = 0.40, P <0.05). These results showed that NI could be more responsiblein sucrose hydrolisis than AI at early storage of sugarcane stems.
SELECTION RESPONSE FOR INCREASED GRAIN YIELD IN TWO HIGH OIL MAIZE SYNTHETICS Mejaya, Made J.; Lambert, R.J.
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 8, No 1 (2007): April 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Selection for increased oil level in maize showed the increase wasassociated with decrease in starch concentration, kernel weight,and grain yield. The study was conducted with the objectives:(1) to evaluate response to six cycles for increased grain yieldin the high oil maize Alexho Elite (AE: 60-90 g kg-1 oil concentration)and Ultra High Oil (UHO: 100-140 g kg-1 oil concentration)using inbred tester B73; (2) to measure responses toselection for increased grain yield with changes in yield components;and (3) to determine a suitable tester. Previously the twosynthetics had been selected for oil concentration. After six cycles,the six genotypes i.e. AE C0, AE C3, AE C6, UHO C0, UHO C3,and UHO C6 were testcrossed to B73, LH185, and LH202 inbreds(40 g kg-1 oil concentration) to a total of 18 testcrosses. Twofield experiments were used to evaluate selection in AE and UHOtestcrosses. The study showed selection using inbred tester B73in AE and UHO was effective in increasing grain yield of AEtestcrosses without changing (i.e. decreasing) oil and proteinconcentrations. AE testcrosses produced higher grain yield andgreater selection response for grain yield than UHO testcrosses.LH185 was best for grain yield in AE and UHO testcrosses. Increasein grain yield in most of the testcrosses was associated withincreases in starch concentration, kernel weight, kernel number, andgrain weight.
PRINCIPAL COMPONENT ANALYSIS OF FACTORS DETERMINING PHOSPHATE ROCK DISSOLUTION ON ACID SOILS Hilman, Yusdar; Rahim, Anuar Abdul; Musa, Mohamed Hanafi; Hashim, Azizah
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 8, No 1 (2007): April 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Many of the agricultural soils in Indonesia are acidic and lowin both total and available phosphorus which severely limits theirpotential for crops production. These problems can be correctedby application of chemical fertilizers. However, these fertilizersare expensive, and cheaper alternatives such as phosphate rock(PR) have been considered. Several soil factors may influencethe dissolution of PR in soils, including both chemical and physicalproperties. The study aimed to identify PR dissolution factorsand evaluate their relative magnitude. The experiment was conductedin Soil Chemical Laboratory, Universiti Putra Malaysia andIndonesian Center for Agricultural Land Resources Research andDevelopment from January to April 2002. The principal componentanalysis (PCA) was used to characterize acid soils in anincubation system into a number of factors that may affect PRdissolution. Three major factors selected were soil texture, soilacidity, and fertilization. Using the scores of individual factors asindependent variables, stepwise regression analysis was performedto derive a PR dissolution function. The factors influencing PRdissolution in order of importance were soil texture, soil acidity,then fertilization. Soil texture factors including clay content andorganic C, and soil acidity factor such as P retention capacityinteracted positively with P dissolution and promoted PR dissolutioneffectively. Soil texture factors, such as sand and siltcontent, soil acidity factors such as pH, and exchangeable Cadecreased PR dissolution.
THE ROLE OF SUBSURFACE FLOW DYNAMIC ON SPATIAL AND TEMPORAL VARIATION OF WATER CHEMISTRY IN A HEADWATER CATCHMENT Tanaka, Tadashi
Indonesian Journal of Agricultural Science Vol 8, No 1 (2007): April 2007
Publisher : Indonesian Agency for Agricultural Research and Development - MOA

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Variation of water chemistry does not merely occur due to in situ chemical process, but also transport process. The study was carried out to address the role of subsurface flow dynamic on spatial and temporal variation of water chemistry in a headwater catchment. Hydrometric and hydrochemistry measurements were done in transect with nested piezometers, tensiometers, and suction samplers at different depths across hillslope and riparian zone in a 5.2 ha first-order drainage of the Kawakami experimental basin, Nagano, Central Japan from August 2000 to August 2001. Spatial variation of solute concentration was defined by the standard deviation and coefficient of variation of the seasonal observed concentrations. Autocorrelation analysis was performed to define temporal variation of solute concentration. The results showed that spatial variation of water chemistry was mainly influenced by the variation of subsurface flow through the hillslope and riparian zone. Solute  concentration in the deep riparian groundwater was almost three times higher than that in the hillslope segment. A prominent downward flow in deep riparian groundwater zone provided transport of solutes to thedeeper layer. Time series analysis showed that in the deep ripariangroundwater, Ca2+, Mg2+, SO42- and HCO3- concentrations underwenta random process, Na+ concentration of a random process superimposedby a trend process, and SiO2 of a random process superimposedby a periodic process. Near the riparian surface, SO42- concentration was composed of a random process superimposed by a periodic process, whereas other solutes were mainly in a random process. In the hillslope soil water, there was no trend observed for the Na+ concentration, but there were for Ca2+ and Mg2+. The magnitude and direction of subsurface flow across hillslope and riparian zone created transport and deposition processes that changed solute concentration spatially and temporally.

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