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Jurnal Hortikultura
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 08537097     EISSN : 25025120     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Hortikultura (J.Hort) memuat artikel primer yang bersumber dari hasil penelitian hortikultura, yaitu tanaman sayuran, tanaman hias, tanaman buah tropika maupun subtropika. Jurnal Hortikultura diterbitkan oleh Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hortikultura, Badan Litbang Pertanian, Kementerian Pertanian. Jurnal Hortikultura terbit pertama kali pada bulan Juni tahun 1991, dengan empat kali terbitan dalam setahun, yaitu setiap bulan Maret, Juni, September, dan Desember.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,166 Documents
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Deteksi Cepat Carnation mottle virus pada Tanaman Anyelir (Dianthus caryophyllus L.) [Rapid Detection of Carnation mottle virus on Carnation Plant (Dianthus caryophyllus L.)] Erniawati Diningsih; Gede Suastika; Tri Asmira Damayanti; Slamet Susanto
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 27, No 1 (2017): Juni 2017
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v27n1.2017.p95-104

Abstract

Carnation mottle virus (CarMV) merupakan virus penting pada tanaman anyelir di Indonesia maupun di dunia.  Deteksi virus yang mudah dan cepat, diperlukan untuk memantau sumber induk anyelir bebas virus. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengevaluasi tiga metode preparasi RNA total yang mudah dan cepat dari tanaman anyelir sebagai templat one step RT-PCR.  Sumber RNA total adalah dari daun dan batang anyelir terinfeksi CarMV. Metode yang dievaluasi yaitu SDT, SEM, dan kit komersial sebagai pembanding. Optimasi dilakukan terhadap konsentrasi akhir primer (0.4 – 1.0 µM) dan MgCl2 (1.5 dan 2.0 mM).  Metode SDT dan SEM berhasil mendapat RNA total dari tanaman anyelir baik dari sampel daun maupun batang.  Keberhasilan yang didapat dengan metode SDT dan SEM sebanding dengan kit komersial.  One step RT-PCR RNA total yang digabungkan dengan metode SDT dan SEM menghasilkan intensitas DNA yang sebanding dengan kit komersial.  RNA total dari daun sebagai sumber templat one step RT-PCR terbaik dibandingkan batang. Preparasi RNA total dengan metode SDT dan SEM adalah metode cepat, mudah, dan murah dalam menyediakan templat one step RT-PCR. Konsentrasi primer 0.4 µM dan MgCl2 2 mM merupakan konsentrasi optimum dan menghasilkan hasil amplifikasi terbaikKeywordsCarmovirus; Simple extraction method (SEM); Simple direct tube (SDT); One step RT-PCRAbstrackCarnation mottle virus (CarMV) is an important virus on carnation plants in the world, including in Indonesia. A rapid and easy virus detection is necessary to monitor the source of virus free carnation mother plant. The aim of the research was to evaluate three methods of rapid and easy total RNA preparation from carnation plants as template of one step RT-PCR. The total RNA source is from the CarMV infected leaf and stem of carnations. The evaluated method namely simple direct method (SDT), simple extraction method (SEM), and commercial kit as comparison. Optimization was performed to a final concentration of premiere (0.4 – 1.0 µM) and MgCl2 (1.5 and 2.0 mM). SDT and SEM method successfully obtained a total RNA from both leaves and stems samples. The obtained success by the SDT and SEM methods were comparable with these of commercial kit. One step RT-PCR of total RNA combined with SDT and SEM methods produced DNA intensity comparable with commercial kits. Total RNA from leaves known to be the best source of one step RT-PCR template compared to these from stem. Total RNA preparation by SDT and SEM method is a method of quick, easy, and inexpensive to provide a template one step RT-PCR. Premiere and MgCl2 concentration of 0.4 μM and 2 mM, respectively were optimum concentration and produced best amplification result.
Uji Adaptasi Wortel di Tanah Lempung Liat Berpasir Dataran Rendah Palangka Raya (Adaptation Test of Carrot at Sandy Clay Loam in Low-Land Areas of Palangka Raya) Muhammad Anang Firmansyah; Twenty Liana; Wiwik Rahayu
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 26, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v26n2.2016.p197-206

Abstract

Tanaman wortel (Daucus carota L.) menghendaki suhu udara optimal 18oC–21oC, suhu udara tersebut di daerah tropis umumnya tercapai pada ketinggian > 500–1.000 m diatas permukaan laut (dpl.). Upaya pengembangan wortel di dataran rendah bersuhu > 28oC di Indonesia belum banyak dilakukan. Tujuan penelitian  untuk melihat daya adaptasi varietas wortel di dataran rendah 40 m dpl di Kota Palangka Raya.  Penelitian disusun menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dan diulang tiga kali.  Perlakuan terdiri dari lima varietas, yaitu wortel import (Royal Chantenay, Nantes Improved, Flaker Giant), serta wortel lokal (Cisarua dan Batu). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan daya kecambah varietas Cisarua tertinggi pada 8, 10, 12, dan 14 hari setelah tanam (HST) hingga 202 tnm/m2.  Tinggi tanaman 91 HST pada Flaker Giant tertinggi, yaitu 56,7 cm tidak berbeda nyata kecuali dengan varietas Nantes Improved. Jumlah daun  pada 91 HST pada Cisarua terbanyak mencapai 11,3 helai/tnm dan berbeda nyata dengan varietas lainnya.  Berat brangkasan basah dan kering varietas Flaker Varietas Giant tertinggi 61,20 g/tnm dan 7,32 g/tnm. Rasio berat brangkasan dan umbi basah terendah dicapai varietas Cisarua 0,89 dan Batu 0,64, dan berbeda nyata dengan  wortel varietas import.  Panjang umbi wortel tidak berbeda antarvarietas, yaitu 9,40–21,90 cm/umbi.  Diameter umbi total dan hati umbi varietas lokal dan import tidak berbeda nyata kecuali dengan varietas Nantes Improved, masing-masing  26,00–27,63 mm dan 15,93–17,87 mm. Bobot umbi terberat dicapai varietas Cisarua 41,87 g disusul varietas Flaker Giant 32,3 g, diikuti  bobot daging tertinggi pada varietas Cisarua 18,53 g dan berbeda nyata dengan varietas Nantes Improved. Tingkat kemanisan daging dan hati umbi wortel varietas Cisarua tertinggi, yaitu 8,87oBrix dan 7,43oBrix. Wortel varietas Cisarua memiliki adaptasi terbaik berdasarkan daya kecambah, bobot umbi, rendahnya tingkat serangan penyakit busuk daun, dan tingkat kemanisan daging umbi.KeywordsDaucus carota L.; Dataran rendah; Palangka RayaAbstractThe carrot (Daucus carota L.) is a plant that requires optimum temperature in the range of 18°C to 21°C. In the tropics, this temperature could be generally found in the highlands with height of >500–1,000 meters above sea level. In Indonesia, carrots farming development in the lowlands with temperatures >28oC has not been conducted. The aims of this study is to know adaptability of some carrots varieties grown in the lowlands areas, at 40 m above sea level in Palangka Raya. The research design used randomized block design with three replication. There are treatments consisting of five varieties of imported carrots namely, Royal Chantenay, Nantes Improved, Flaker Giant, including two local varieties namely Cisarua and Batu. The results showed that highest germination is dominated by local varieties of Cisarua at 8, 10, 12, and 14 days after planting, it was up to 202 plants/m2. The highest plant at the age of 91 days after planting (DAP), the variety of Flaker Giant reaches 56.7cm, although it not significantly different with the other varieties except Nantes Improved. The number of leaves at the age of age 91 DAP showed that most of Cisarua variety has11.3 pieces of leaf/plant and it is significantly different from other varieties. For stover weight, both in wet, and dry condition, the variety of Flaker Giant reached respectively 61.20 g/plant and 7.32 g/plant. Stover weight ratio and the lowest wet tuber was dominated by Cisarua that is 0.89, not significantly different with Local Batu, 0.64 but it was significantly different from other imported varieties of carrots. The length of carrot tuber leng this not different among varieties, that is 9.40 to 21.90 cm/tuber. Diameter of tuber and tubers core diameter of local and imported varieties were not significantly different except with Nantes Improved, which the range of each variety is between 26.00–27.63 mm and 15.93–17.87 mm. The heaviest weight was found at Local Cisarua, that is 41.87 g, followed by Flaker Giant, 32.3 g. For tuber weight, this is followed by Cisarua with weight of 18.53 g, it is highest and significantly different from Nantes Improved. For carrots weetness level, it was not significantly different. However, Cisarua has the value of 8,87oBrix, including its tuber core 7.43oBrix. Cisarua has good adaptation in low land, base on germination, tuber yield, attack of late blight and sweetness of tuber.
Studi Adopsi Varietas Bawang Merah Bima Brebes dari Balitsa di Kabupaten Brebes (Adoption Study of Bima Brebes Shallot from IVEGRI in Brebes District) Rofik Basuki Sinung; Nur Khaririyatun; Asma Sembiring; Idha Widi Arsanti
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 27, No 2 (2017): Desember 2017
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v27n2.2017.p261-268

Abstract

Kontribusi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran (Balitsa) sebagai institusi pemerintah penghasil teknologi baru, termasuk varietas baru untuk meningkatkan pendapatan petani masih belum diperoleh informasi secara lengkap. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui tingkat adopsi dan kontribusi varietas bawang merah Bima Brebes asal Balitsa dalam meningkatkan pendapatan petani adopter, serta mengetahui tingkat pengembalian investasi rate of investment (ROI ) biaya penelitian dan pengembangan teknologi bawang merah Bima Brebes pada bulan Juni–Desember 2014 di Desa Wanasari, Tanjung, Kemukten, dan Limbangan, Kabupaten Brebes. Lokasi-lokasi tersebut dipilih secara purposive karena dari observasi lapangan diketahui bahwa para petani di lokasi-lokasi tersebut diketahui telah mengadopsi teknologi dan varietas unggul dari Balitsa. Pengumpulan data dilakukan melalui Fokus Grup Diskusi (FGD) dan wawancara individual dengan kuesioner terstruktur. Pemilihan responden dilakukan secara purposive yang terdiri atas 16 petani penanam bawang merah varietas Bima Brebes (adopter) dan 21 petani penanam varietas Bima Curut (nonadopter). Analisis data dilakukan menggunakan statistik deskriptif, menggunakan gambar garis waktu. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa teknologi benih bawang merah varietas Bima telah didiseminasikan di Brebes sejak tahun 1985 dan hingga saat ini diadopsi cukup luas di Kabupaten Brebes dengan sebaran adopsi kurang lebih 16.522 ha. Pada tahun 2013, adopsi varietas Bima Brebes di Kabupaten Brebes dapat meningkatkan pendapatan bersih total adopter sebesar 345,050 milyar rupiah dengan ROI biaya penelitian dan diseminasi sebesar 71.125%.KeywordsBawang merah; Varietas Bima Brebes; Tingkat adopsi; Profit; ROIAbstractContribution of Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute (IVEGRI) as an institution who produces new technologies, including new varieties, on the improvement of farmers’ income has not been got completed information yet. The objectives of the research were to figure out the level of adoption and contribution of Bima Brebes shallot variety from IVEGRI in increasing adopter farmers’ profit, as well as to figure out the return on investment (ROI) of research and dissemination of Bima Brebes shallot. This expost evaluation research was conducted in June–December 2014 in Wanasari Village, Tanjung, Kemukten, and Limbangan, Brebes District. The location was chosen purposively because in the area there were a quite lot of farmers who adopted Bima Brebes shallot variety. Data were collected through Focus Group Discussion (FGD) and an individual interview used structured questionnaire. The respondents consisted of 16 Bima Brebes adopter shallot farmers and 21 nonadopters shallot farmers who planting Bima Curut variety. Data were analysed using descriptive statistic with time line picture. The result of study showed that the technology of Bima Brebes variety from IVEGRI has been disseminated since 1985 in Brebes District and currently, it has been adopting quiet large as well. The spreading adoption is about 16,522 ha. In 2013, the adoption of Bima Brebes in Brebes District could increase adopters’ profit as much as 345.050 billions rupiah with ROI of research and dissemination of the variety was 71,125%.
Identifikasi Gejala dan Kisaran Inang Enam Isolat Begomovirus Cabai di Indonesia (Symptom and Host Range Identification of Six Chilli Begomovirus Isolate in Indonesia) Redy Gaswanto; Muhamad Syukur; Sri Hendrastuti Hidayat; Neni Gunaeni
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 26, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v26n2.2016.p223-234

Abstract

Perkembangan infeksi Begomovirus pada cabai di Indonesia tidak menutup kemungkinan adanya isolat baru yang berbeda gejala dan kisaran inangnya. Tujuan penelitian adalah melakukan identifikasi isolat Begomovirus cabai dari beberapa sentra produksi di Indonesia berdasarkan gejala dan kisaran inangnya. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium dan Rumah Kasa Virologi Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran (Balitsa) Lembang, dari Bulan Mei 2013 sampai dengan Agustus 2013. Isolat Begomovirus cabai diperoleh dari enam daerah, yaitu Leuwikopo-Bogor, Brebes, Magelang, Kediri, Blitar, dan Karangploso-Malang. Isolat Begomovirus cabai tersebut diisolasi dan dipelihara pada benih tanaman cabai sehat varietas Tanjung-2 dengan cara ditularkan melalui serangga vektor Bemisia tabaci nonviruliferous. Deteksi isolat Begomovirus cabai secara polymerase chain reaction (PCR) menggunakan sepasang primer universal pAL1v1978/pAR1c715. Identifikasi gejala dan kisaran inang dilakukan pada sembilan jenis tanaman indikator, yaitu cabai, tomat, terung, kacang panjang, buncis, mentimun, babadotan, caisim, dan bayam duri. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan tiga ulangan. Amplifikasi PCR menggunakan primer universal pAL1v1978/pAR1c715 terhadap enam isolat Begomovirus cabai berhasil memperoleh fragmen DNA berukuran 1.600 kb. Isolat Begomovirus cabai asal Brebes, Magelang, Kediri, Blitar, dan Karangploso berhasil ditularkan pada tanaman indikator cabai, tomat, terung, mentimun, kacang buncis, kacang panjang, dan babadotan, namun tidak berhasil ditularkan pada tanaman caisim dan bayam duri. Pada tanaman cabai, isolat Begomovirus asal Brebes lebih virulen 3,3–10% untuk tingkat kejadian penyakit dengan masa inkubasi lebih cepat 2,7–3,7 hari dibandingkan isolat Begomovirus asal Bogor, Magelang, Kediri, Blitar, dan Malang. Untuk kepastian perbedaan enam isolat Begomovirus cabai secara molekuler, disarankan untuk analisis perunutan DNA.KeywordsBegomovirus; Gejala; Kisaran inang; VirulenAbstractPossibility Begomovirus infection on chilli in Indonesia continually could appear a new isolate. The research was aimed at identifying chilli Begomovirus isolate from some chilli area in Indonesia according to their symptom dan host range. The research was conducted at virology’s Laboratory and Screen Net House of the Indonesian Vegetable Research Institute (IVEGRI), from May to August 2013. Chilli Begomovirus isolates from six area were collected, namely: Leuwikopo-Bogor, Brebes, Magelang, Kediri, Blitar, and Karangploso-Malang. All isolates were isolated and maintained to the healthy chilli seedling of Tanjung-2 variety transmitted by insect vector B. tabaci nonviruliferous. The molecular isolate detection by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using a pair of universal primers pAL1v1978/pAR1c715. Nine indicator plants were used to identify their symptom and host range, namely chilli, tomato, eggplant, yardlong bean, bean, cucumber, ageratum, caisim, and wild spinach. A randomized block design was used with three replications. Amplification on six chilli Begomovirus isolates. Isolates from Brebes, Magelang, Kediri, Blitar, and Karangploso were succesfully transmitted to various indicator plants, i.e chilli, tomato, eggplant, cucumber, bean, yardlong bean, and ageratum weed, but failed on caisim and wild spinach. Isolate from Brebes was 3.3–10.0% more virulent (disease incident parameter) and 2.7–3.7% days shorter (incubation time parameter) than isolate from Bogor, Magelang, Kediri, Blitar, and Malang. DNA sequencing analysis is recommended to be done. Further DNA sequencing was recommended to confirm the moleculer diffferences among the six chilli Begomovirus isolates.
Keragaman Jeruk Gunung Omeh (Citrus nobilis Lour.) di Sumatera Barat Berdasarkan Marka RAPD [The Diversity of Gunung Omeh Citrus (Citrus nobilis Lour.) in West Sumatera Based on RAPD Marker] Nirmala Friyanti Devy; nFN Hardiyanto
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 27, No 2 (2017): Desember 2017
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v27n2.2017.p155-164

Abstract

Jeruk siam Gunung Omeh/Gn. Omeh (Citrus nobilis Lour.) merupakan jeruk lokal yang berkembang di seluruh sentra jeruk Sumatera Barat. Namun, buah yang ada di pasar sangat beragam fenotipiknya. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengelompokkan sebaran tanaman jeruk Gn. Omeh yang berada pada empat Kabupaten berdasarkan karakter genetik dan morfologi. Penelitian dilakukan pada bulan Januari sampai dengan Juni 2016, dengan 21 contoh daun dan buah berasal dari petani di empat kabupaten pengembangan wilayah jeruk Sumatera Barat (Kabupaten Limapuluh Kota, Agam, Solok Selatan, dan Tanah Datar), dan dua contoh daun kontrol masing-masing asal BPMT dan PIT di Kabupaten Limapuluh Kota. Keragaman morfologi daun dan buah dianalisis dengan Analisis Komponen Utama (Principal Component Analysis/PCA). Data yang dihasilkan dianalisis lebih lanjut dengan kluster analisis untuk mengamati pengelompokannya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan tingkat kemiripan secara genetik 23 contoh jeruk Gn. Omeh yang dianalisis menggunakan dua macam RAPD marker, yaitu OPA 04 dan OPA 18 yang menghasilkan 24 pita, di mana 83,3% adalah polimorfik. Berdasarkan dendrogram yang dihitung menurut UPGMA, 23 contoh daun jeruk secara genetis terbagi menjadi dua kelompok besar. Pada kelompok I, terdapat dua contoh asal Kabupaten Limapuluh Kota, sedangkan 21 contoh sisanya berada pada kelompok II. Pada derajat kemiripan antara 86,5–96%, tanaman PIT mirip dengan A1 dan satu subkelompok dengan S2, A5, T3, T5, dan S1, sedangkan BPMT mirip dengan T4, dan satu subkelompok dengan A4 dan A3. Berdasarkan karakter morfologi pada derajat kemiripan 75%, jeruk Gn. Omeh di Sumatera Barat terbagi menjadi lima kelompok, di mana pada kelompok 1, 3, 4, dan 5 masing-masing adalah contoh L1, T5, S5, dan S2, sedangkan 18 tanaman lainnya masuk di dalam kelompok 2. Dari hasil analisis secara genetik maupun morfologi menghasilkan derajat variasi yang cukup tinggi di antara 23 contoh yang ada. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa keragaman buah yang ada diduga disebabkan oleh penggunaan benih serta pengelolaan tanaman yang beragam.KeywordsJeruk (Citrus nobilis Lour.); RAPD; MorfologiAbstractThe Gunung Omeh citrus (Citrus nobilis Lour.) is a local citrus growing throughout the citrus center of West Sumatera. However, the fruits available in the market are very diverse phenotypic. The purpose of this study is to classify the spread of citrus cv. Gn. Omeh derived from four districts based on genetic and morphological characters. The study was conducted from January to June 2016, with 21 of leaf and fruit samples collected from four Citrus District Regional Development farmers in the West Sumatera (Limapuluh Kota, Agam, Solok Selatan, and Tanah Datar). Besides that, control leaf samples derived from Budwood Multiplication Block/BPMT and Single Mother Tree/PIT were used. The morphological diversity both leaves and fruits were analyzed by Principal Component Analysis (PCA). The result showed that the level of genetic similarity in 23 samples of orange Gn. Omeh analyzed using two markers RAPD namely OPA 04 and OPA 018 which generate 24 bands, where 83.3% were polymorphic The resulting data were further analyzed by cluster analysis to observe groupings. Based on the dendrogram calculated according to UPGMA, 23 samples genetically are divided into two major groups. In the first group, there are two samples from Limapuluh Kota, while the remaining 21 samples are in second group. On the degree of similarity between 86.5–96%, PIT similar to the A1 plant and it belong to the same subgroup with S2, A5, T3, T5, S1. While BPMT similar to T4 plant, and it belong to the same subgroup with A4 and A3. Based on morphological characters at a 75% degree of similarity, the Gn. Omeh citrus in West Sumatra is divided into five groups, where the L1, T5, S5, and S2 plant sample belongs to the groups 1, 3, 4, and 5, respectively, while 18 others in Group 2. From the analysis of both genetic and morphological characters, it generates fairly high degree of variation among 23 samples. This shows that the diversity of the marketed is thought to be caused by the use of seed plants and crop cultivated management are diverse.
Efektivitas Pupuk Hayati Unggulan Nasional Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Hasil Bawang Merah (Effectivities Trial of National Biofertilizers on Growth and Yield of Shallot) nFN Suwandi; Gina Aliya Sopha; Liferdi Lukman; Muhammad Prama Yufdy
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 27, No 1 (2017): Juni 2017
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v27n1.2017.p23-34

Abstract

Penggunaan pupuk hayati merupakan salah satu cara pengelolaan hara  ramah lingkungan untuk  mengurangi input  pupuk in-organik, meningkatkan produktivitas dan kualitas hasil, serta melestarikan kesuburan tanah.  Penelitian bertujuan untuk mendapatkan pupuk hayati unggulan nasional (PHUN) paling efektif untuk meningkatkan pertumbuhan dan hasil umbi bawang merah di tanah Alluvial. Rancangan percobaan yang digunakan adalah Rancangan Acak Kelompok, dengan 4 ulangan dan 11 perlakuan pengelolaan hara, yaitu kontrol (tanpa pemupukan), pemupukan rekomendasi (2 ton/ha pupuk organik/kompos, 300 kg/ha Urea + 300 kg/ha ZA, 300 kg/ha SP-36, 200 kg/ha KCl), dan 9 PHUN (Beyonic+, Biotrico, PROBIO-New, Super-BIOST, Bio-SRF, Bion-UP, Bio-Padjar, Agrifit, dan BIOPF) dikombinasikan dengan½ pemupukan rekomendasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pemberian PHUN +  ½ dosis NPK rekomendasi pada bawang merah di lahan Aluvial (ketersediaan P & K tinggi) dapat meningkatkan pertumbuhan tanaman, serapan N&K, serta hasil umbi bawang, tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dibandingkan pemupukan dosis rekomendasi. Perlakuan PHUN - Biotrico, Beyonic+, PROBIO-New dan BioPF mempunyai efektivitas lebih baik terhadap parameter tanaman tersebut dibandingkan jenis PHUN lainnya. Selanjutnya disarankan uji lanjutan PHUN  pada tanah Aluvial yang subur (P & K tinggi) secara parsial tanpa dikombinasikan dengan pupuk NPK dan pemberian pupuk oranik.KeywordsAllium ascalonicum; NPK; PHUN; Serapan hara NPK; Hasil bawang merahAbstractThe use of organic fertilizers and biological fertilizers environmentally friendly management practices to reduce nutrient inputs in the organic fertilizer, increasing the quantity and quality of results, and preserving soil fertility. The purpose of the research to get national biofertilizers (PHUN) are most effective for improving growth and yield of shallot bulbs in the Alluvial soil. The experimental design used was a randomized complete block design with four replications and 11 treatments nutrient management, consisted of control (without fertilizer), fertilizer recommendations (2 tonnes/ha of organic manure/compost, 300 kg/ha of + 300 kg/ha ZA , 300 kg/ha SP 36 , 200 kg/ha KCl), and nine types of biofertilizers (Beyonic + Biotrico, PROBIO - New , Super - BIOST, Bio - SRF , Bion - UP , Bio - Padjar , Agrifit , and BIOPF) combined with ½ dose fertilizers recommendation. The results showed that applied of PHUNs and ½ doses of NPK recommendation on shallot in Alluvial soil (P and K high availability) could improve plant growth, uptake of N and K, as well as the dry shallot yield, but did not significantly different with the recommended fertilization. Treatments of PHUN - Biotrico, Beyonic +, PROBIO-New, and BioPF gave better effectiveness on those parameters observed than other types of PHUN.
Dampak Kebijakan Subsidi Pupuk Terhadap Daya Saing Komoditas Sayuran di Bali (The Impact of Fertilizer Subsidy Policy on the Competitiveness of Vegetable Commodities in Bali) Jemmy Rinaldi; Rizka Amalia Nugrahapsari; nFN Suharyanto
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 27, No 1 (2017): Juni 2017
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v27n1.2017.p137-146

Abstract

Usahatani sayuran dinilai tidak berdaya saing dan kurang menguntungkan karena mahalnya harga input produksi tidak seimbang dengan harga output yang dihasilkan. Hal ini menyebabkan produksi sayuran di Bali semakin berkurang sehingga harus mendatangkan pasokan sayuran dari luar Bali. Penelitian ini betujuan untuk: (1) mengetahui daya saing usahatani sayuran di Bali dan (2) mengetahui dampak kebijakan subsidi pupuk pemerintah terhadap pengembangan usahatani sayuran di Bali. Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kabupaten Tabanan Provinsi Bali dengan pertimbangan bahwa kabupaten tersebut merupakan sentra produksi sayuran di Bali. Penelitian ini dilakukan dengan pendekatan Focus Group Discussion (FGD) yang dihadiri oleh 50 orang petani sayuran sebagai sampel penelitian. Data yang diperoleh dalam penelitian ini adalah data primer berupa data input output dalam berusahatani sayuran yang diterapkan petani selama tahun 2014. Metode analisis yang digunakan dalam mengolah data adalah Policy Analysis Matrix (PAM). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa usahatani sayuran di Bali masih memiliki keunggulan komparatif dan kompetitif terutama pada usahatani komoditas cabai merah, cabai rawit dan tomat. Kebijakan subsidi pupuk dari pemerintah berdampak pada pengembangan usahatani sayuran di Bali terutama pada usahatani cabai merah, sawi hijau dan kubis/kol. Untuk meningkatkan daya saing usahatani sayuran dan merangsang petani meningkatkan produksi sayuran di Bali diharapkan pemerintah daerah mampu memberikan kebijakan tambahan berupa: subsidi obat-obatan yang selama ini masih dibeli dengan harga impor oleh petani dan menetapkan kebijakan harga output pada komoditas sayuran.KeywordsUsahatani sayuran; Daya saing; Policy analysis matrix; BaliAbstractVegetable farming in Bali is less desirable by the farmers because the input price is expensive. Whereas Bali is one of the city’s tourism industry which the need of vegetables were expected to continue rising. In line with this the government provides subsidies for production input, especially fertilizer input to improve agricultural competitiveness in Indonesia. This research aims to: (1) determine the competitiveness of vegetable farming in Bali and (2) determine the impact of the fertilizer subsidy policy of the government towards the development of vegetable farming in Bali. This research was conducted in Tabanan Bali Province on the consideration that the district is the center of vegetable production in Bali. This research was conducted by focus group discussion (FGD approach), which was attended by 50 vegetables farmers. The data obtained in this study are primary data in the form of input output data in vegetable farming during 2014. The analytical method used is the policy analysis matrix (PAM). The results showed that vegetable farming in Bali still has comparative and competitive advantages, especially in red chilli, cayenne pepper, and tomatoes. Fertilizer subsidy policy of the government have an impact on the development of vegetable farming in Bali mainly on red chilli, chinese cabbage, and cabbage. To improve the competitiveness of vegetables farming and to stimulate farmers to increase production of vegetables in Bali, local government is expected to be able to provide additional policies such as socialize how to use chemical pesticide and set an output pricing policy on vegetable commodities.
Induksi Resistensi Tanaman Krisan Terhadap Puccinia horiana P. Henn. Dengan Menggunakan Ekstrak Tanaman Elisitor (Resistance Induction of Chrysanthemum Plant to Puccinia horiana P. Henn Using Elicitor Plant Extracts) nFN Hanudin; Wakiah Nuryani; Budi Marwoto
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 26, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v26n2.2016.p245-256

Abstract

Penyakit karat putih yang disebabkan oleh Puccinia horiana Henn. merupakan salah satu penyebab masalah yang paling penting pada tanaman krisan (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev.). Serangan pada tanaman ini dapat menurunkan nilai komersial bunga krisan. Induksi resistensi merupakan salah satu strategi untuk mengendalikan penyakit ini. Beberapa jenis tanaman elisitor terbukti efektif meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman terhadap serangan berbagai jenis patogen. Tujuan penelitian adalah memperoleh minimal dua spesies ekstrak tanaman elisitor yang efektif menginduksi ketahanan tanaman krisan terhadap P. horiana, dan mendapatkan informasi kandungan asam salisilat pada tanaman krisan yang terbukti tahan terhadap P. horiana akibat perlakuan ekstrak tanaman elisitor. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium dan Rumah Kaca Balai Penelitian Tanaman Hias pada Januari hingga Desember 2013. Tujuh tanaman elisitor yang diuji, yaitu daun tanaman ivy (Hedera helix), batang tanaman wilow (Salix sp.), daun bunga pukul empat (Mirabilis jalapa), daun Phytholacca americana (anti viral), daun kecubung (Datura suaveolens), daun pagoda (Clerodendron japonicum), dan daun lengkuas (Alpinia galanga) yang masing-masing diencerkan dengan perbandingan 1 : 1 w/v (100 g bagian bahan tananam digerus menggunakan mortal sampai halus, kemudian ditambah 100 ml larutan 0,01 M fosfat buffer pH 7,0). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa ekstrak batang Salix sp. dan daun C. japonicum efektif menginduksi ketahanan tanaman krisan terhadap P. horiana dengan persentase penekanan masing-masing mencapai 80,20 dan 75,46%. Kandungan asam salisilat pada tanaman krisan tahan P. horiana yang diinduksi oleh tanaman elisitor, masing-masing bervariasi antara 1.767,55– 3.767,55 ppm. Pemanfaatan hasil penelitian ini dapat meningkatkan daya saing bunga krisan di pasar internasional melalui aplikasi ekstrak tanaman elisitor sehingga ramah lingkungan dan ekonomis.KeywordsDendranthema grandiflora; Efektivitas; Tanaman elisitor; Induksi resistensi; Puccinia horianaAbstractWhite rust disease caused by Puccinia horiana Henn. Is one of the most important problems in chrysanthemum (Dendranthema grandiflora Tzvelev.) cultivation system. Attacks on these plants can reduce the commercial value of the Chrysanthemum flowers. Induction of resistance is one of reliable strategies for controlling the disease. Some types of plants elicitor are proved to be effective to improve plant resistance to various pathogens. The purpose of this study is to obtain at least two species of plant extracts that its effective to induce plant resistance to P. horiana of chrysanthemum, and obtain information on the content of salicylic acid of resistant plant has been induced by application of plant elicitor extract. The research was conducted in the Laboratory and Greenhouse Indonesian Ornamental Crops Research Institute conducted between January until December 2013. Seven elicitor plants that are leaf ivy (Hedera helix), the plant stem willow (Salix sp.). Leaves flowers at four o’clock (Mirabilis jalapa) , leaves Phytholacca americana (anti-viral), cone-shaped leaves (Datura suaveolens), leaf pagoda (Clerodendron japonicum), and leaves galangal (Alpinia galanga), were tested. Each of which is diluted in the ratio 1: 1 w / v (100 g of the material plants crushed using a mortal until smooth, then add 100 ml of 0.01 M phosphate buffer pH 7.0). The results showed that stem extract of Salix sp. and the leaves extract of C. japonicum were effectively induced plant resistance to P. horiana of chrysanthemum with emphasis percentages respectively reached 80.20 and 75.46%. Salicylic acid content in chrysanthemum effectively induced by elicitor plants, each contained varying between 1,767.55 to 3,767.55 ppm. The used of leave extract of both species can improve resistance plant species.
Pengaruh Penyambungan Plantlet Jeruk Siam Kintamani (Citrus nobilis Lour.) yang Diregenerasi Melalui Embriogenesis Somatik Terhadap Pertumbuhan dan Produksi Tanaman Nirmala Friyanti Devy; nFN Yenni; nFN Hardiyanto
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 27, No 2 (2017): Desember 2017
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v27n2.2017.p173-184

Abstract

(The Effect of Grafted Kintamani Tangerine Plantlet Derived from Somatic Embryogenesis on its Growth and Production)Plantlet jeruk hasil perbanyakan embriogenesis somatik (ES) in vitro telah banyak dihasilkan. Meskipun demikian, pertumbuhan vegetatif dan generatif di lapang belum dievaluasi. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengevaluasi kemampuan pertumbuhan vegetatif dan generatif tanaman jeruk hasil sambung dengan plantlet asal ES dibandingkan mata tempel asal BPMT. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Tlekung, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Jeruk dan Buah Subtropika, mulai September 2013 sampai dengan Desember 2016. Materi penelitian adalah tanaman jeruk dengan batang atas asal (a) plantlet hasil regenerasi melalui ES tanpa bagian akarnya dan (b) mata tempel yang berasal dari Blok Penggandaan Mata Tempel (BPMT), yang masing-masing disambungkan dan ditempelkan dengan batang bawah Japansche Citroen (JC) berumur 8 bulan setelah transplanting. Tanaman hasil sambung berumur 1 tahun dipindah dan ditanam di lapang dengan jarak tanam rapat 1,5 m x 1,5 m. Pengamatan pertumbuhan dilakukan mulai umur 18 – 42 bulan setelah transplanting (BST). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanaman jeruk dengan batang atas hasil ES dapat tumbuh, berkembang, dan berproduksi sama dengan tanaman dengan batang atas asal BPMT. Tinggi tanaman, diameter batang atas, dan diameter batang bawah pada tanaman ES tidak berbeda nyata dengan tanaman BPMT. Tanaman pada dua perlakuan mulai berbunga pada umur 18 BST, dengan jumlah bunga, buah, dan persentase fruitset yang tidak berbeda nyata antarkedua perlakuan, demikian juga pada pembungaan pada tahun berikutnya. Jumlah buah pada tahun ke-2 berbuah (September 2014) dan akhir pengamatan (September 2016) menunjukkan terjadi kenaikan sebesar 215,7% dan 176,1% pada masing-masing perlakuan ES dan BPMT, sedangkan pada tahun ke-4 pembuahan (2016), perlakuan tanaman jeruk hasil ES mempunyai jumlah buah/tanaman dan berat buah total/tanaman lebih banyak secara nyata dibandingkan asal BPMT. Sifat fisik dan kualitas buah (vit C, total keasaman, dan TPT) yang dihasilkan relatif sama. Tanaman jeruk siam Kintamani yang berasal dari plantlet hasil perbanyakan ES in vitro dan disambungkan dengan batang bawah JC dapat tumbuh, berkembang, dan berproduksi dengan normal di lapang.KeywordsSiam Kintamani (Citrus nobilis Lour.); BPMT; Sambung; Tempel; Embriogenesis somatikAbstractThe plantlets derived from citrus somatic embryogenesis (SE) in vitro have been widely produced. However, their vegetative and generative growth in the field has not been evaluated. The aimed of this research was to evaluate the ability of vegetative and generative growth both of SE and Budwood Multiplication Block (BMB) derived citrus plants. The research was conducted in Tlekung Experimental Garden, Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Fruit Research Institute, from September 2013 to December 2016. The citrus plants derived from (a) root-decapitated plantlets and (b) buds come from BMB that were grafted and budded, respectively on 8 months old JC rootstock. One-year old grafted and budded plants were planted at field using a dense spacing (1.5 m x 1.5 m). The plant growth observation was done at 18–42 months after field transplanting (MAT). The results showed that the SE derived citrus plants could grow, develop, and produce as well as the BMB one. The SE and BMB plant height, scion, and rootstock diameter were not significantly different. All treatment plants were flowering on 18 MAT, the number of flower, fruit, and fruit set percentages were not significantly as well as in the following year. The fruit total in the 2nd year (September 2014) and the end of the observation (September 2016) showed an increase of 215.7% and 176.1% on the both of SE and BMB derived plant, respectively. In the 4th year (2016), the number fruits/plant and total fruit weight/plant were better on SE derived plant than BMB one, however the fruit physical and quality properties produced (vitamin C, total acidity, and TSS) were relatively similar. The Kintamani tangerine citrus plants derived from plantlet that grafted on to JC rootstock could grow develop and produce well in the field.
Karakter Morfo-Fisiologi Daun Tiga Jenis Plantlet Anggrek Pada Tahapan Aklimatisasi (Leaf Morpho-Physiological Characters of Three Orchid Species on an Acclimatization Stage) Arief Priyadi; Ema Hendriyani
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 26, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v26n2.2016.p143-152

Abstract

Teknik perbanyakan secara in vitro memerlukan kondisi lingkungan yang terkendali untuk mengoptimalkan pertumbuhan plantlet. Namun, saat plantlet dipindahkan pada fase ex vitro dengan kondisi lingkungan tidak terkendali sering terjadi kematian plantlet. Oleh karena itu aklimatisasi merupakan tahap penting pada transplantasi plantlet dari fase in vitro ke fase ex vitro. Selama 10 tahun ini Kebun Raya Eka Karya Bali (KREKB) bersama tiga Kebun Raya Indonesia (KR Bogor, KR Cibodas, dan KR Purwodadi) aktif berperan dalam upaya konservasi anggrek alam secara in vitro. Bulbophyllum echinolabium, Dendrobium fimbriatum, dan D. spectabile merupakan jenis anggrek alam yang telah berhasil diperbanyak secara in vitro di KREKB. Walaupun upaya perbanyakan ini telah lama dilakukan, tetapi tahapan aklimatisasi baru dilaksanakan pada tahun 2012. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi tahapan aklimatisasi plantlet dari tiga jenis anggrek alam hasil kultur in vitro di KREKB. Perlakuan pertama tahapan aklimatisasi adalah pemberian sungkup dengan tujuan mengurangi fluktuasi kelembaban udara. Sungkup perlahan-lahan dibuka secara bertahap selama 1 bulan agar plantlet dapat beradaptasi dengan kondisi lingkungan terbuka. Perlakuan kedua adalah penyiraman 2–3 kali/minggu dan pemberian pupuk daun sebanyak 1 kali/minggu. Tahapan ini dilakukan selama 14–16 bulan sejak penanaman. Persentase plantlet yang hidup dihitung secara periodik. Pada akhir tahapan aklimatisasi, dilakukan pengamatan karakter stomata dari ketiga jenis anggrek tersebut meliputi ukuran, densitas, dan pola buka-tutupnya selama 24 jam periode pengamatan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa sebanyak 25–45% plantlet dapat bertahan hidup hingga akhir penelitian. Ukuran stomata pada tiap spesies bervariasi, stomata terbesar dimiliki oleh B. echinolabium. Densitas stomata antara daun tua dan muda tidak menunjukkan pola yang sama. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa karakter densitas stomata lebih dipengaruhi oleh spesies spesifik, sedangkan pengamatan terhadap pola buka tutup stomata pada D. fimbriatun dan D. spectabile menunjukkan bahwa kedua jenis anggrek tersebut memiliki tipe fotosintesis CAM, sedangkan pada B. echinolabium merupakan anggrek dengan tipe fotosintesis C3. Informasi ini tidak hanya penting untuk menentukan perlakuan yang tepat selama tahapan aklimatisasi tetapi juga untuk keefektifan aplikasi penyiraman dan pemupukan sehingga mendukung keberhasilan budidaya.KeywordAklimatisasi anggrek; Stomata; C3; CAMAbstractIn vitro plant propagation technique requires strict controls of its environmental conditions in order to optimize growth of plantlets. However, when the plantlets are moved to uncontrolled condition, the plantlets are often collaps. In this regards, acclimatization practices play important roles to provide transitional conditions from fully in vitro fully ex vitro. During the last 10 years, Bali Botanic Garden (BBG) has been actively involved in the in vitro propagation of species orchids, along with three other Botanic Gardens in Indonesia (Bogor, Cibodas, and Purwodadi). Bulbophyllum echinolabium, Dendrobium fimbriatum, and D. spectabile have been among the first succeded in vitro propagated species orchids by BBG. Despite of long periods of orchid in vitro propagation efforts, acclimatization practices was not started until 2012. This experiment was carried out to evaluate the acclimatization step of in vitro propagated native species orchid in BBG. Plantlets of three species of orchids were planted ex vitro. First of all, plastic sheet cover was applied to minimize air relative humidity fluctuation. After a month, the sheet was gradually opened until the plantlets were able to survive without cover. The second practices were water spraying 2–3 times a week and foliar fertilization each week. These were conducted in a period of 14 – 16 months since the planting date. Percentage of survived plantlets were recorded time after time. By the end of the acclimatization period, a series of stomatal observations were performed to asses its size, density, and opening-closing rhytm in a 24 hours period. The results showed that 25% to 45% of plantlets succeded to survive. Stomatal size varied across species, in which the largest is B. echinolabium’s and stomatal size of D. fimbriatum and D. spectabile were comparable each other. There was no general pattern of stomatal density between mature and young leaves because this trait seemed to be species specific. Diurnal stomatal opening-closing rhytm suggested that D. fimbriatum and D. spectabile are orchids with CAM photosynthetic pathway whereas the pathway of B. echinolabium is C3. Information on these characters was not only important to formulate best practices in acclimatization efforts but also further cultural practices such as watering and foliar fertilizer applications.

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