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INDONESIA
Jurnal Hortikultura
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 08537097     EISSN : 25025120     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal Hortikultura (J.Hort) memuat artikel primer yang bersumber dari hasil penelitian hortikultura, yaitu tanaman sayuran, tanaman hias, tanaman buah tropika maupun subtropika. Jurnal Hortikultura diterbitkan oleh Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Hortikultura, Badan Litbang Pertanian, Kementerian Pertanian. Jurnal Hortikultura terbit pertama kali pada bulan Juni tahun 1991, dengan empat kali terbitan dalam setahun, yaitu setiap bulan Maret, Juni, September, dan Desember.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 1,166 Documents
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Evaluasi Dua Calon Varietas Unggul Melon di Sumatera Barat, Jawa Barat dan Jawa Timur (Evaluation of Two Superior Variety Candidates of Melon in West Sumatera, West Java, and East Java) nFN Makful; nFN Hendri; nFN Sahlan
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 27, No 2 (2017): Desember 2017
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v27n2.2017.p185-194

Abstract

Ketersediaan varietas baru melon yang sesuai dengan permintaan konsumen akan membuat komoditas ini lebih berharga sehingga dapat meningkatkan pendapatan petani. Secara umum, karakteristik melon yang diinginkan adalah manis, renyah, beraroma kuat, kulitnya berjala, dan tahan simpan. Sampai saat ini ada dua kandidat melon hibrida yang sedang dievaluasi. Pada tahun 2012 dilakukan uji penanaman dua calon varietas melon tersebut. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk melakukan evaluasi dua calon varietas unggul baru (genotipe MB1 dan MB2) di tiga lokasi tanam dan juga untuk memperoleh calon varietas melon baru. Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Sumani (Solok, Sumatera Barat), Subang (Jawa Barat), dan Banyuwangi (Jawa Timur). Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan empat perlakuan, yaitu dua calon hibrida: 86H (MB1) dan 78M (MB2) dan dua varietas pembanding (Tropika dan Glamour), dengan enam ulangan. Setiap unit perlakuan terdiri dari 30 tanaman. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat interaksi nyata antara genotipe x lingkungan terhadap karakter berat buah dan total padatan terlarut. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pada karakter berat buah dan total padatan terlarut, genotipe 86H/MB1 memiliki koefisien regresi (βi) > 1, artinya genotipe memiliki stabilitas di bawah rerata (mempunyai daya adaptabilitas spesifik pada suatu lingkungan yang menguntungkan), sebaliknya untuk genotipe 78M/MB2 memiliki koefisien regresi (βi) < 1, yang berarti genotipe 78M/MB2 mempunyai stabilitas di atas rerata (tidak responsif terhadap perubahan lingkungan). Berdasarkan hasil pengujian di tiga lokasi diperoleh informasi berat buah semua aksesi tertinggi pada lokasi tanam Banyuwangi, yaitu genotipe 86H/MB1 dengan berat 2,35 kg, Tropika 2,68 kg, genotipe 78M/MB2 2,05 kg, dan Glamour 2,21 kg, TSS buah pada lokasi tanam Sumani, yaitu genotipe 86 H/MB1 dengan TSS 12,47ºBrix, Tropika 11,71ºBrix, genotipe 78 M/MB2 12,88ºBrix, dan Glamour 11,89ºBrix, sedangkan persentase jaring kulit melon genotipe MB1 lokasi Sumani adalah 86% dan Banyuwangi adalah 88,67% dengan tekstur jala halus, sedikit di bawah dari pembanding Tropika 89,5% dan Glamour 89%.KeywordsEvaluasi; Lokasi; Calon varietas; Melon; TSS; Cucumis melo LAbstractThe availability of new varieties of melon that suitable to the consumers demand will lead this commodity more marketable so that can increase farmers’ income. In general, expected characteristics of melon are sweet, crisp, strong-scented, rind nets, and long shelf-life. There are two candidates of melon hybrid that are being evaluated. The evaluation test of two candidates of melon varieties has been done in 2012. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the two candidates of new varieties (MB1 and MB2 genotype) in three planting locations and to obtain new candidate of melon varieties. The research was conducted in Sumani (Solok, West Sumatera), Subang (West Java), and Banyuwangi (East Java). A randomized block design was used in this experiment with four treatments [two hybrid melon candidates: 86H (MB1) and 78M (MB2)] and two other melon varieties (Tropika and Glamour) as comparator, and each treatment was replicated six times. Each experimental unit consisted of 30 plants. The result showed that there were interaction between location and genotypes on the weight and total soluble solid (TSS) characters. Fruit weight character and total soluble solid of 86H/MB1 genotype had regression coefficient (βi) > 1, it mean that genotype had below average stability, while 78M/MB2 genotype had regression coefficient (βi) < 1, that mean genotype above average stability. Based on test results in three locations obtained information accession with highest weight on the planting location in Banyuwangi namely genotype 86 H/MB1 2.35 kg, Tropika 2.68 kg, genotype 78M/MB2 2.05 kg and Glamour 2.21 kg. The highest TSS fruit on planting location Sumani namely genotype 86H/MB1 with TSSºBrix 12.47, Tropical 11.71ºBrix, genotype 78M/MB2 12.88ºBrix, and Glamour 11.89ºBrix. Furthermore, the net percentage of skin melon genotype MB1 on Sumani location is 86% and Banyuwangi is 88.67% with net texture smooth, slightly below of varieties Tropika 89,5% and Glamor 89%.
Kajian Budidaya Kentang Ramah Lingkungan dengan Teknik Konservasi Tanah di Lahan Kering Berlereng (Study of Environmentally Friendly Potato Cultivation with Soil Conservation Techniques in Sloping Upland Area) Zainal Arifin; Imam Sutrisno; Eli Korlina; Ratna Dewi Indriana
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 27, No 1 (2017): Juni 2017
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v27n1.2017.p55-68

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan memperoleh paket teknologi usahatani konservasi kentang yang dapat mengurangi laju erosi dan ramah lingkungan serta mampu meningkatkan produktivitas dan pendapatan usahatani kentang.  Lokasi penelitian terletak di sentra produksi kentang lahan kering dataran tinggi dengan ketinggian tempat 1.725 m dpl dan kemiringan lahan 40% di Desa Tosari, Kecamatan Tosari, Kabupaten Pasuruan, pada MH 2014/2015. Rancangan percobaan secara acak kelompok dengan 7 perlakuan dan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan teknik konservasi tanah meliputi : (1) teknologi petani A (bedengan searah lereng), 125 kg Urea/ha + 200 kg ZA/ha + 75 kg SP36/ha + 250 kg Ponska/ha + 5 t pupuk organik/ha, (2) teknik konservasi B1 (bedengan kemiringan 30o),  300 kg Urea/ha + 350 kg ZA/ha + 200 kg SP-36/ha + 100 kg KCl/ha + 2,5 t pupuk organik/ha + PHT, (3) teknik konservasi B2 (bedengan kemiringan 30o),  150 kg Urea/ha + 200 kg ZA/ha + 100kg SP-36/ha + 50 kg KCl/ha + 5 t pupuk organik/ha & Trichoderma + PHT,  (4) teknik konservasi C1 (bedengan searah lereng selang seling guludan kontur), 300 kg Urea/ha + 350 kg ZA/ha + 200 kg SP-36/ha + 100 kg KCl /ha + 2,5 t pupuk organik/ha + PHT, (5) teknik konservasi  C2 (bedengan searah lereng selang seling guludan kontur), 150 kg Urea/ha + 200 kg ZA/ha + 100 kg SP-36/ha + 50 kg KCl /ha + 5 t pupuk organik/ha & Trichoderma + PHT, (6) teknik konservasi D1 (teras kredit dengan bedengan searah lereng),  300 kg Urea/ha + 350 kg ZA/ha + 200 kg SP-36/ha + 100 kg KCl/ha + 2,5 t pupuk organik/ha +  PHT, (7) teknik konservasi D2 (teras kredit dengan bedengan searah lereng), 150 kg Urea/ha + 200 kg ZA/ha + 100 kg SP-36/ha + 50 kg KCl/ha + 5 t pupuk organik/ha & Trichoderma + PHT. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil umbi tertinggi dengan menerapkan teknik konservasi tanah dijumpai perlakuan bedengan searah lereng selang seling guludan kontur dengan ½ dosis pupuk (150 kg Urea/ha + 200 kg ZA/ha + 100 kg SP36/ha + 50 kg KCl/ha + 5 t pupuk organik/ha & Trichoderma) sebesar 37,7 t/ha umbi kentang ditambah hasil bawang prei 1,54 t/ha yang ditanam pada areal guludan kontur. Hasil umbi kentang yang tinggi di dominasi oleh ukuran umbi yang besar (> 200 g). Dengan teknik konservasi tanah ini dapat mengurangi laju erosi menjadi  26,98 t/ha (turun 34,31%) sehingga mengurangi kehilangan pupuk kimia yang terbawa erosi, dibanding  penanaman kentang searah lereng (teknologi petani) yaitu erosi 41,07 t/ha. Selain itu, dengan menerapkan teknik konservasi tanah ini diperoleh keuntungan yang tinggi dan R/C ratio 4,25.KeywordsBudidaya kentang; Teknik konservasi; Lahan kering berlereng; Erosi; ProduktivitasAbstractPlanting potatoes in a slope direction is often done on steep terrain so as to have a negative impact of increased run-off and erosion, and accelerate the process of land degradation. For that, required of soil conservation techniques are cheap and easy to implement farmers so that potato crop productivity increases and simultaneously can control the speed of run-off and erosion. This study aims to acquire of conservation farming technology of potatoes which can reduce the rate of erosion and environmentally friendly as be well as able to increase productivity and farm income. The research location was located in the center of upland potato production with an altitude of 1,725 m above sea level and a slope of 40% in Tosari Village, Tosari Subdistrict, Pasuruan District, wet season 2014/2015. The experimental design was a randomized block with seven treatments and four replications. The treatment of soil conservation techniques include : (1) farmer practice (undirectional slope beds), 125 kg Urea/ha + 200 kg ZA/ha + 75 kg SP36/ha + 250 kg Ponska/ha + 5 ton organic fertilizer/ha, (2) conservation technique of B1 (seedbed slope of 30o), 300 kg Urea / ha + 350 kg ZA/ha + 200 kg SP36/ha + 100 kg KCl/ha + 2,5 ton organic fertilizer/ha, (3) conservation technique of B2 (seedbed slope of 30o), 150 kg Urea/ha + 200 kg ZA/ha + 100 kg SP36/ha + 50 kg KCl/ha + 5 ton organic fertilizer/ha and Trichoderma, (4) conservation technique of C1 (seedbed contour parallel beds alternated with contour imparallel), 300 kg Urea/ha + 350 kg ZA/ha + 200 kg SP 36/ha + 100 kg KCl/ha + 2,5 ton organic fertilizer/ha, (5) conservation technique of C2 (seedbed contour parallel beds alternated with contour imparallel), 150 kg Urea/ha + 200 kg ZA/ha + 100 kg SP36/ha + 50 kg KCl/ha + 5 ton organic fertilizer/ha and Trichoderma, (6) conservation technique of D1 (credit terrace with unidirectional seedbed slopes), 300 kg Urea/ha + 350 kg ZA/ha + 200 kg SP36/ha + 100 kg KCl/ha + 2,5 ton organic fertilizer/ha, (7) conservation technique of D2 (credit terrace with unidirectional seedbed slopes), 150 kg Urea/ha + 200 kg ZA/ha + 100 kg SP36/ha + 50 kg KCl/ha + 5 ton organic fertilizer/ha and Trichoderma. The results showed the application of soil conservation techniques with treatment seedbed contour parallel beds alternated with contour imparallel in the land sloping > 40% accompanied fertilization ½ dose recommendation (150 kg Urea/ha + 200 kg ZA/ha + 100 kg SP 36/ha + 50 kg KCl/ha + 5 ton organic fertilizer/ha and Trichoderma) tuber produce 37.7 ton/ha and leek 1,54 ton/ha were planted in the area of contour ridges and economically beneficial to the R/C ratio of 4.25. Thus soil conservation techniques in seedbed contour parallel beds alternated with contour imparallel can reduce erosion and the use of chemical fertilizers and increasing yields and farm income potatoes.
Keragaan Tiga Galur Lanjut Cabai Merah Pada Ekosistem Dataran Tinggi Lembang, Jawa Barat (Performance of Three New Advanced of Hot Pepper Genotypes Grown on High Land Ecosystem of Lembang, West Java) nFN Kusmana; Yenni Kusandriani; Rinda Kirana; Liferdi Lukman
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 26, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v26n2.2016.p133-142

Abstract

Cabai merupakan sayuran penting yang banyak digunakan masyarakat di Indonesia. Pengujian dilakukan dibawah kondisi agro ekosistem dataran tinggi di  Lembang, Kabupaten Bandung Barat. Penelitian disusun dengan menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok dengan lima ulangan. Tiga galur baru cabai  merah yaitu,  1) PP 0537-7558, 2) YK-1, 3) YK-2 serta dua vartietas pembanding  Perisai dan Tanjung- 2 dijadikan sebagai perlakuan.  Setiap plot ditanami 30 tanaman per plot. Peubah yang diamati diantaranya ialah tinggi tanaman, vigor tanaman, intensitas kerusakan oleh Antracnosa dan virus kuning,  hasil panen bobot dan jumlah buah, serta panjang buah yang merupakan karakter kuantitatif. Untuk karakter kualitatif yang diamati ialah data yang diperlukan untuk penyusunan deskripsi morfologi tanaman. Hasil pengujian diketahui bahwa, peroleh bahwa, galur YK-2 menampilkan vigor tanaman yang paling bagus.  Disamping itu galur tersebut menampilkan tinggi tanaman yang tertinggi. Potensi hasil paling tinggi dihasilkan galur YK-2 (22,64 ton/ha) nyata lebih tinggi dibandingkan kedua varietas pembandingnya yaitu Perisai (14,96 ton/ha) dan Tanjung-2 (14,62 ton/ha). Disamping itu galur YK-2 memiliki panjang buah yang ideal yaitu 15,08 cm, lebih panjang dari varietas pembanding Perisai (9,06 cm). Galur-galur yang diuji dapat dideskripsikan dengan cukup lengkap. Implikasi dari kegiatan ini terpilih satu galur advanced cabai untuk pengujian lebih lanjut.KeywordCapsicum annuum L.; Galur; Keragaan; Ekosistem; Dataran tinggi AbstractHot pepper is one of important vegetable crops which are consumed by most Indonesian people for ingredient of daily menu. Production and quality yield are affected by interaction of genotypes and environment. Therefore, in the breeding program of hot pepper adaptation test of the genotypes to the spesific environment is a must. The experiment was conducted at high land ecosystem in Lembang, District Bandung,  West Java Province. The experimental used  randomized complete block design with five replications. Three genotypes of hot pepper  used in this experiment were (1) PP 0537-7558, (2) YK-1, and (3) YK-2 and two varieties Perisai and Tanjung- 2 as control variety.  Each plot was planted by 30 plants. Data collected were plant height, plant vigor, intensity plant damage due to anthracnose and yellowing virus,  fruit weight, fruit size, numbers of fruit, and morphology data. The results of research showed that  the most vigorous and  the highest plant was obtained from YK-2 genotype. The highest yielding was also obtained from YK-2 genotype (22.64 ton/ha) and significantly different compared to control varieties Tanjung-2 (14.62 ton/ha) and Perisai (14.96 ton/ha). YK-2 genotipe had  an ideal of fruit length (15,08 cm) which are longer than that of cv. Perisai (9.06 cm). The genotypes tested was morphologically characterized based on local growth condition.
Perkembangan Penyakit Diplodia pada Tiga Isolat Botryodiplodia theobromae Path dan Peran Toksin Dalam Menekan Penyakit pada Jeruk (Citrus spp.)/Diplodia Disease Development and Toxin of Three Isolates Botryodiplodia theobromae Path. on Citrus (Citrus spp) Mutia Erti Dwiastuti; Gusti Ngurah Ketut Budiarta; Loekas Soesanto
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 27, No 2 (2017): Desember 2017
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v27n2.2017.p231-240

Abstract

Penyakit diplodia (Botryodiplodia theobromae) pada tanaman jeruk menyebar cukup luas di sentra jeruk Indonesia. Serangan parah penyakit dapat menyebabkan kematian apabila tidak dikendalikan. Tujuan penelitian adalah mengetahui patogenisitas dan peran toksin dari tiga isolat B. theobromae asal Pasuruan dan Magetan pada jeruk siam, pamelo, dan manis. Penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium dan Rumah Kasa Balai Penelitian Tanaman Jeruk dan Buah Subtropika pada bulan November 2015 – Mei 2016. Penelitian terdiri atas dua percobaan, yaitu uji patogenisitas pada tanaman dan uji toksin kasar pada skala laboratorium. Uji patogenisitas menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan sembilan kombinasi perlakuan terdiri atas tiga jenis isolat, yaitu Mg52A.1, dan Mg39.2 (asal Magetan), Ps8b (asal Pasuruan), serta tiga jenis tanaman jeruk (pamelo, siam, manis). Parameter pengamatan terdiri atas masa inkubasi, jumlah sampel nekrosis, dan luas gejala. Perlakuan pengujian toksin terdiri atas kontrol tanpa toksin, toksin kasar isolat Mg52A.1, toksin kasar isolat Mg39.2, dan toksin kasar isolat Ps8b. Aplikasi toksin dilakukan pada daun tiga varietas jeruk dengan rancangan acak lengkap, tiap perlakuan diulang tiga kali dan masing masing terdiri atas dua daun asal tanaman yang berbeda. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa masa inkubasi isolat Mg39.2 lebih cepat dibandingkan dengan isolat Mg52A.1 dan Ps8b. Ketiga isolat patogen B. theobromae asal Pasuruan dan Magetan memiliki patogenisitas yang sama dalam menimbulkan gejala penyakit pada jeruk pamelo, siam, dan manis, sedangkan toksin hanya berperan dalam mempercepat masa inkubasi.KeywordsJeruk; Patogenisitas; Botryodiplodia theobromae; Toksin kasarAbstractDiplodia disease (Botryodiplodia theobromae) spread quite widely in Indonesia citrus center. Severe attacks of disease can cause death if it not controlled. The purpose of this study was determine the pathogenicity and the effect of toxins from three isolates of B. theobromae origin Pasuruan and Magetan on tangerine, pummelo, and sweet orange varieties. The study was conducted at Indonesian Citrus and Subtropical Research Institute during November 2015 – May 2016. This observation consisted of two experiments that pathogenicity test in screenhouse and crude toxin of patogen test in laboratory. Pathogenicity test used randomized block design arranged as factorial. The first factor was three isolates: Mg52A.1, Mg39.2 (from Magetan), Ps8b (from Pasuruan) and the second factor were kind of citrus (pummelo, tangerine , and sweet orange). The observation parameter consist of the incubation period, the number of necrotic samples and visual symptom. Crude toxin test treatment consists of a control test toxin without toxins, crude toxin Mg52A.1, crude toxin Mg39.2 toxin, crude toxin Ps8b. Application toxin carried out on the three leaf varieties of oranges. Each treatment was repeated three times and each consists of two leaves of different varieties. The results showed that the incubation period Mg39.2 isolates faster than two other isolates. Infection with different isolates and treatment of different citrus varieties shows that it did not different significantly in causing disease symptom of diplodia. Similarly result on crude toxin treatment with three isolates on three varieties showed that it were not different necrotic symptom. Thus the three isolates of pathogens B.theobromae origin from Pasuruan and Magetan have the same pathogenicity in causing disease symptoms in citrus pummelo, tangerine, and sweet orange. Toxin only play a role in accelerating the incubation period.
Toleransi Tanaman Kentang (Solanum tuberosum) Terhadap Suhu Tinggi Berdasarkan Kemampuan Berproduksi di Dataran Medium [Heat Stress Potato (Solanum tuberosum) Tolerance Based on Tuber Production in Medium Altitude] Diny Djuariah; Tri Handayani; Eri Sofiari
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 27, No 1 (2017): Juni 2017
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v27n1.2017.p1-10

Abstract

Produksi dan produktivitas tanaman kentang menjadi salah satu yang terdampak oleh kenaikan suhu akibat pemanasan global. Untuk itu, diperlukan upaya adaptasi budidaya dengan penggunaan kultivar yang toleran terhadap suhu tinggi. Penelitian untuk melihat toleransi tanaman kentang terhadap suhu tinggi telah dilakukan di dataran medium Majalengka (550 m dpl), pada bulan September sampai November 2014. Sepuluh klon, yaitu Klon 1 (397077.16), Klon 2 (397073.7), Klon 3 (392781.1), Klon 4 (391846.5), Klon 5 (395195.7), Klon 6 (394613.139), Granola, Atlantik, Merbabu-17 dan Tenggo,  ditanam menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok, 3 kali ulangan, dengan sistem doble row. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan Klon 5 toleran  terhadap suhu tinggi di dataran medium Majalengka dan mampu berproduksi dengan baik, ditunjukkan dengan rerata produksi ubi yang mencapai 430 gram per tanaman, rerata jumlah ubi 8,70 ubi per tanaman dan perkiraan hasil yang mencapai 19,37 ton per hektar. Klon 5 ini memiliki keunikan dibandingkan klon-klon lainnya pada karakter batang yang berwarna hijau keunguan, ubi berbentuk oval memanjang dengan kulit dan daging yang berwarna putih. Berdasarkan keunggulan yang dimiliki oleh Klon 5 di pengujian ini, maka Klon 5 dapat direkomendasikan sebagai klon unggul di dataran medium dan dapat dimanfaatkan dalam program pemuliaan tanaman kentang untuk tujuan ketahanan terhadap suhu tinggi.KeywordsSolanum tuberosum; Kemampuan berumbi; Suhu tinggi AbstractProduction and productivity of potato plants to be one affected by temperature rising due to global warming. Therefore, adaptation of cultivation with using of heat tolerant cultivars is required. Research for testing the potato crop tolerance to high temperatures based on tuber production has been done in medium altitude Majalengka (550 m asl.), from September to November 2014. Ten clones, i.e. clone 1 (397077.16), clone 2 (397073.7), clone 3 (392781.1), clone 4 (391846.5), clone 5 (395195.7), clone 6 (394613.139), Granola, Atlantik, Merbabu-17, and Tenggo were planted using a randomized block design, three replications, with the double row systems. The results showed that clone 5 was tolerant to high temperatures in medium altitude Majalengka and produce well, as indicated by the average potato production reached 430 g per plant, average of tuber number 8.70 per plant and potential yield reached 19.37 tons per hectare. In addition, clone 5 was unique compared to other clones in color stem character i.e. purplish green, and tuber characters i.e. elongated oval shaped with the white skin and flesh. Based on its superiority in this research, then clone 5 can be recommended as superior clone in medium altitude and can be used in a breeding program high temperature tolerance. 
Sikap Konsumen Terhadap Harga Referensi Komoditas Hortikultura Strategis : Studi Kasus Kecamatan Cengkareng, Jakarta Barat (Consumer’s Attitude Towards the Reference Price of Strategic Horticulture Commodity : Case of Study in Cengkareng, West Jakarta) Adhitya Marendra Kiloes; nFN Puspitasari
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 28, No 1 (2018): Juni 2018
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v28n1.2018.p123-132

Abstract

Solusi jangka pendek untuk menstabilkan harga bawang merah dan cabai adalah dengan melakukan impor produk-produk hortikultura tersebut dari negara lain saat harga melonjak naik. Kuota impor baru akan dibuka apabila harga bawang merah dan cabai di pasar eceran melebihi harga referensi yang telah ditetapkan. Penelitian  bertujuan menganalisis sikap dan faktor-faktor yang memengaruhi sikap konsumen terhadap harga referensi yang ditetapkan pemerintah pada komoditas bawang merah dan cabai sebagai masukan untuk penentuan harga referensi. Penelitian  dilakukan pada Bulan Desember 2015 di Kecamatan Cengkareng, Jakarta Barat dengan metode survey menggunakan kuesioner. Data yang diambil dalam penelitian ini berupa karakteristik responden dan sikap konsumen apakah bersedia membayar lebih tinggi dari harga referensi yang ditetapkan atau tidak. Dari survey yang dilakukan ditemukan bahwa sebagian besar konsumen menunjukkan sikap bersedia membayar lebih tinggi dari harga referensi yang ditetapkan. Rata-rata harga tertinggi yang bersedia dibayarkan oleh konsumen adalah sebesar Rp38.272,00/kg untuk komoditas bawang merah, Rp 41.800,00/kg untuk komoditas cabai merah atau cabai merah keriting dan Rp42.221,00/kg untuk komoditas cabai rawit merah. Studi ini merekomendasikan kemungkinan penetapan ulang harga referensi bawang merah dan cabai dengan tingkat harga yang lebih tinggi dibanding yang telah ditetapkan. KeywordsBawang merah; Cabai; Sikap konsumen; Harga referensi  AbstractA short solution to stabilize shallot and chili price is frequently carried out by importing those commodity from other countries when the price are high. Import quota is opened when shallot and chili price in retail market above the reference price. No revision has been done yet since shallot and chili’s reference price were announced in 2013. The objective of this research is to analyze consumer’s attitude and factors affecting consumer’s attitude regarding the 2013 reference price, whether they are willing to pay higher or not.  This research was conducted in December 2015 in Cengkareng Subdistrict, West Jakarta. Survey method was used for collecting data through the use of structured questionnaire. Most important information gathered were the characteristics of consumer respondents and their attitude towards shallot and chili’s reference prices. Results suggest that most respondents are willing to pay higher than the reference prices. In average they are willing to pay as much as IDR 38,272,00/kg for shallot, IDR 41,800,00/kg for chilli pepper, and IDR 42,221,00/kg for cayenne chili pepper. This study recommends the possibility of redetermining the shallot and chili’s reference prices by the price level that is higher than previously set. 
Eksplorasi dan Pengaruh Cendawan Endofit yang Berasal dari Akar Tanaman Cabai Terhadap Pertumbuhan Benih Cabai Merah (The Exploration and Effect of Endophytic Fungus Isolated from Chilli’s Root to Growth of Chilli Seedling) Anna Feronika Cindra Irawati; Kikin Hamzah Mutaqin; Maggy Tenawidjaja Suhartono; Yudi Sastro; nFN Sulastri; nFN Widodo
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 27, No 1 (2017): Juni 2017
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v27n1.2017.p105-112

Abstract

Cendawan endofit diketahui memiliki kemampuan dalam menghasilkan metabolit sekunder yang sering berdampak terhadap pertumbuhan inangnya, seperti meningkatkan ketahanan tanaman terhadap kondisi cekaman biotik dan abiotik, maupun meningkatkan pertumbuhannya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi dan mengetahui pengaruh aplikasi cendawan endofit yang diperoleh dari akar tanaman cabai terhadap pertumbuhan bibit tanaman cabai besar (Capsicum annuum L.). Kegiatan penelitian dilakukan di Laboratorium Mikrobiologi dan Rumah Kaca BPTP Jakarta, sejak September 2012 hingga Agustus 2013. Penelitian terdiri dari eksplorasi, uji patogenisitas, dan uji efikasi terhadap cendawan endofit. Eksplorasi cendawan endofit dilakukan terhadap sampel akar tanaman cabai sehat dari daerah Garut (Jawa Barat), yang sering digunakan untuk budidaya tanaman cabai dan Cipayung (Jakarta Timur), yang merupakan daerah baru untuk budidaya tanaman cabai. Seleksi awal terhadap isolat cendawan dilakukan dengan uji patogenisitas secara in vitro. Uji efikasi cendawan secara in vivo pada bibit cabai berfungsi untuk mengetahui efek aplikasi cendawan terpilih (46 isolat non patogenik dan 16 isolat potensial patogenik) terhadap pertumbuhan bibit. Hasil eksplorasi menunjukkan bahwa isolat cendawan yang diperoleh dari akar tanaman cabai daerah Garut, secara makroskopis memiliki keragaman lebih tinggi dibanding dengan keragaman isolat dari daerah Cipayung. Uji patogenisitas menunjukkan bahwa isolat cendawan yang diuji cenderung didominasi oleh cendawan yang bersifat patogenik dan potensial patogenik. Uji efikasi cendawan endofit terpilih dalam mempengaruhi pertumbuhan vegetatif bibit, menunjukkan bahwa 74,19% isolat yang diuji memiliki kemampuan memicu pertumbuhan bibit pada kondisi media tanam steril. sebanyak 34 isolat dari isolat-isolat tersebut diketahui merupakan isolat yang sejak awal bersifat nonpatogenik dan 12 isolat yang awalnya bersifat potensial patogenik.KeywordsCendawan nonpatogenik; Metabolit sekunder; FitohormonAbstractEndophytic fungi are known be able to produce secondary metabolites that often impact on the growth of its host, such as increasing the resistance of plant to biotic and abiotic stress conditions, as well as enhance its growth. This study aimed to isolate and determine the effect of endophytic fungi applications that isolated from the roots of chilli plants to the growth of chilli seeds (Capsicum annuum L.). The research activities carried out in the Laboratory of Microbiology and Greenhouse BPTP Jakarta, from September 2012 to August 2013. The study was consisted the exploration, pathogenicity test, and the efficacy test of the endophytic fungi. The exploration of endophytic fungus carried out on samples of chilli healthy plant roots from the area of Garut (West Java), which is often used for the cultivation of chilli plants, and Cipayung (East Jakarta), which is a new area for the cultivation of chilli plants. The initial selection of the isolates of the fungi carried by the pathogenicity test in vitro. The efficacy test of the fungus, in vivo, in seedlings of chilli serves to determine the effect application of the fungus that selected on the growth of seedlings. Exploration results indicate that fungi isolates obtained from roots of pepper plants Garut, macroscopically has a higher diversity compared with isolates from regional diversity Cipayung. Pathogenicity test demonstrated that the fungi tested isolates tend to be dominated by a fungus that is pathogenic and potentially pathogenic. Test the efficacy of endophytic fungus chosen in influencing the vegetative growth of seedlings (46 isolates nonpathogenic and 16 isolates potentially pathogenic), showed that 74.19% of isolates tested has the ability to trigger the growth of seedlings at planting medium sterile conditions. As many as 34 isolates from isolates are well known consistence as nonpathogenic isolates and 12 isolates were to be potentially pathogenic isolates on pathogenicity test.
Karakterisasi Morfologi dan Anatomi Markisa F1 di Kebun Percobaan Berastagi (Morphology and Anatomy Characterization of Passion Fruit in Berastagi Experimental Farm) Rina Christina Hutabarat; Rasiska Tarigan; Susilawaty Barus; Fitriana Nasution
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 26, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v26n2.2016.p189-196

Abstract

Ketersediaan varietas markisa unggul yang bermutu tinggi, produktif, tahan terhadap hama/penyakit dan toleran terhadap cekaman lingkungan merupakan salah satu faktor penting dalam peningkatan daya saing industri hortikultura nasional. Upaya untuk memperoleh varietas unggul dilakukan melalui silangan antaraksesi lokal yang memiliki karakter unggul. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengarakterisasi morfologi dan anatomi aksesi markisa lokal berkulit ungu, merah, dan markisa hasil silangan. Kegiatan dilaksanakan di Kebun Percobaan Berastagi mulai April 2014 sampai Juli 2014. Hasil analisis data diperoleh kemiripan morfologi markisa ungu dan markisa merah berdasarkan habitat, bunga, liana, teresterial, akar tunggang, batang dan arah tumbuh, sedangkan daun, bunga, buah, biji, dan warna batang berbeda. Berdasarkan karakter kuantitatif antara markisa F1 dengan markisa ungu memiliki kadar gula sama dengan markisa ungu lokal yakni 16,6o Brix. Markisa F1 memiliki 73,06 ml/100 g dengan total asam 1,53%. Berdasarkan hasil analisis dendogram diketahui hubungan morfologi markisa menunjukkan tingkat kemiripan markisa lokal merah dan markisa F1 sebesar 81%. Markisa F1 memiliki buah besar, warna kulit ungu kemerahan, aroma sari buah mirip dengan aroma jambu biji.KeywordsPassiflora edulis f. edulis Sims; Karakter; Morfologi; AnatomiAbstractAvailability of superior variety of passion fruits which high quality, resistant to pests or diseases, and tolerance to environmental stress are essential in improving the competitiveness of national horticultural industry. Superior varieties have been made through crossing local accessions that have superior characters. The aim of this experiment was to characterize the morphology and anatomy of purple passion, red passion, and F1 of passion fruit at Berastagi Experimental Farm from April 2014 to July 2014. Morphology and anatomy characterization obtained that purple passion fruit and red passion fruit had same characters based on habitat, flowers, lianas, terrestrial, taproot, stems, and direction of growth, whereas leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, and stems color had different characters. Brix sugar level degrees between purple passion fruit and F1 almost similar, it was 16,6o Brix, while the terms content juice of passion fruit cross F1 was 73,06 ml/100 g with total acid was 1,53%. Dendogram based on morphology characters of purple, red, and passion fruit cross F1 had 81% of similarity degree. Passion fruit cross F1 had a great size, reddish purple color, and guava aroma.
Pengaruh Ozonisasi dan Kemasan untuk Mereduksi Residu Pestisida dan Mempertahankan Karakteristik Kesegaran Cabai Merah dalam Penyimpanan Ali Asgar; Darkam Musaddad; Rahmat Sutarya
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 27, No 2 (2017): Desember 2017
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v27n2.2017.p241-252

Abstract

(The Effect of Ozone and Packaging in Storage for Decreasing in Pesticide Residue and Keeping the Freshness of Red Chili Characteristic)Pestisida merupakan suatu substansi bahan kimia dan material lain (mikrob, virus, dan lain-lain) yang tujuan penggunaannya untuk mengontrol atau mengendalikan hama/penyakit yang menyerang tanaman, bagian tanaman, dan produk pertanian, membasmi rumput/gulma, mengatur dan menstimulasi pertumbuhan tanaman/bagian tanaman, namun bukan penyubur. Hampir semua sampel yang diuji positif mengandung residu pestisida walaupun kadarnya di bawah ambang batas yang diizinkan. Penelitian bertujuan (1) mengetahui pengaruh ozonisasi terhadap karakteristik kesegaran cabai merah dan reduksi residu pestisida selama penyimpanan pada suhu kamar dan (2) mengetahui pengaruh suhu dan jenis pengemas terhadap kualitas cabai merah vatietas Tit Segitiga selama penyimpanan. Penelitian dilakukan dari bulan Januari sampai dengan Desember 2013 di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Sayuran, Lembang. Penelitian pendahuluan dilakukan terhadap konsentrasi gas ozon yang terdiri atas (1) 0,0 ppm (kontrol tanpa perendaman), (2) 0,0 ppm (perendaman dalam air tanpa ozon), (3) 0,2 ppm, (4) 0,4 ppm, (5) 0,6 ppm, (6) 0,8 ppm, dan (7) 1 ppm. Penelitian utama dilakukan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok pola petak terpisah dengan dua ulangan. Sebagai petak utama, yaitu suhu terdiri atas (1) 5°C, (2) 10°C, (3) 15°C, dan (4) suhu kamar. Sebagai anak petak, yaitu pengemas terdiri atas (1) polipropilen (PP 0,03 mm), (2) polietilen (PE 0,03 mm), (3) wrapping plastic, dan (4) kontrol (tanpa pengemas). Hasil pendahuluan menunjukkan bahwa kesegaran dan penampakan cabai merah dengan perlakuan larutan ozon 0,4 ppm merupakan perlakuan terbaik dan disukai panelis. Dengan perlakuan larutan ozon 0,4 ppm, cabai merah mempunyai residu pestisida profenofos 1,1504 ppm (terjadi penurunan 35,9073%), klorfirifos 0,1519 ppm (terjadi penurunan 23,2441%), TPC (jumlah total mikrob) 31,25 x 105 cfu/ml, susut bobot 15,50%, kadar air 85,53%, warna (nilai L*) 30,52. Hasil penelitian utama menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan yang terbaik selama penyimpanan minggu keempat, yaitu suhu penyimpanan 5ºC dengan macam kemasan polietilen (PE) dan wrapping plastic.KeywordsCabai merah; Ozon; Pengemasan; PendinginanAbstractPesticide is a chemical substance and other materials (microbes, viruses, etc.) which are intended to control pests or diseases that attack plants, plant parts and agricultural products, eradicate the grass/weeds, regulate and stimulate plant growth or parts of the plant, but not the fertilizer. Almost all of the samples that tested positive for pesticide residues even though the levels were below the allowed threshold. Research aims were (1) to determine the effect of ozonation on the characteristics of red chili freshness and reduction of pesticide residues during storage at room temperature and (2) to determine the effect of temperature and packaging on the quality of red chili during storage. The study was conducted from January–December 2013 at The Research Institute of Vegetable. Preliminary research conducted on the concentration of ozone which consists of (1) 0.0 ppm (control without soaking), (2) 0.0 ppm (immersion in water without ozone), (3) 0.2 ppm, (4) 0.4 ppm , (5) 0.6 ppm, (6) 0.8 ppm, and (7) 1 ppm. Primary research conducted using randomized block split plot with repeated patterns as much as two times. Temperature as the main plot which consists of (1) 5° C, (2) 10° C, (3) 15° C, and (4) room temperature. The subplot is packaging which consists of (1) polypropylene (PP 0.03 mm, (2) polyethyelene (PE 0.03 mm), (3) wrapping plastic, and (4) control (without packaging). Preliminary results show that the freshness and appearance of red chili with 0.4 ppm ozone treatment was the best treatment and preferred by panelists. Treatment with a solution of 0.4 ppm ozone, the red chili have pesticide residue of profenofos 1.1504 ppm (decrease as much as 35,9073%), 0.1519 ppm klorfirifos (decrease as much as 23,2441%), TPC (total number of microbes) 31.25 x 105 cfu/ml, 15.50% weight loss, levels of 85.53% water content, color (L* value) 30.52. The main research results showed that the best treatment for 4 weeks of storage is the storage temperature of 5 º C with wide packaging polyethylene (PE) and wrapping plastic.
Analisis Progeni F1 Hasil Persilangan Intra dan Inter-Spesies Durian (Durio sp.) Menggunakan Marka Mikrosatelit [Analysis of F1 Progenies of Intra and Inter-Species Crossing of Durian (Durio sp.) using Microsatellite Markers] Adi Pancoro; Tri Annisa Septiyani; Ni Luh Putu Indriyani; Panca Jarot Santoso
Jurnal Hortikultura Vol 26, No 2 (2016): Desember 2016
Publisher : Indonesian Center for Horticulture Research and Development

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jhort.v26n2.2016.p171-180

Abstract

Keragaman genetik tetua dan progeni menjadi informasi dasar untuk pelaksanaan kegiatan seleksi dan persilangan lanjutan dalam program pemuliaan durian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan informasi keragaman genetik enam tetua dan empat populasi progeni F1 hasil persilangan intra dan inter-spesies durian di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Buah Tropika. DNA diisolasi dari daun berdasarkan protokol berbasis CTAB. Amplifikasi 10 lokus mikrosatelit dilaksanakan menggunakan teknik PCR berlabel fluoresense. Analisis hasil dilakukan menggunakan perangkat lunak Genemarker 2.20, Cervus 3.0.3 dan GenAlex 6.3. Enam dari 10 lokus yang digunakan menunjukkan kemampuan tinggi sebagai penanda yang informatif untuk analisis tetua dan populasi progeni F1 hasil persilangan intra dan inter-spesies durian. Lima tetua dari spesies Durio zibethinus terbagi menjadi dua kelompok, yaitu Otong, Kani, dan Sitokong berada dalam satu kelompok, serta Matahari dan Petruk di satu kelompok lainnya, sedangkan Lai Mas (D. kutejensis) berada diluar kedua kelompok. Empat populasi progeni F1 memiliki perbedaan genetik yang signifikan antarpopulasi dan antarindividu dalam populasi. Populasi progeni F1 hasil persilangan inter-spesies Lai Mas x Matahari menunjukkan heterozigositas yang paling tinggi dibandingkan populasi lainnya. Sebaliknya, populasi-populasi persilangan intra-spesies cenderung memiliki heterozigositas yang rendah. Hasil ini dapat dijadikan acuan dalam melaksanakan seleksi dan kegiatan persilangan berikutnya.KeywordsDurio sp.; Intra dan inter-species; Progeni F1; Marka mikrosatelitAbstractGenetic diversity of parent and progeny is a fundamental information for selection and subsequent activities in durian breeding program. This research was aimed to obtain information regarding genetic diversity of six parents and four F1 populations of intra and inter-species crossing of durian at Indonesian Tropical Fruit Research Institute (ITFRI). DNA was isolated from young shoot leaf by using CTAB based method. Amplification of 10 microsatellite loci was conducted using fluorecent labelled PCR technique. Result analysis was conducted by using PC-softwares Genemarker 2.20, Cervus 3.0.3 and GenAlex 6.3. Six of 10 loci used in the study demonstrated high capability as informative markers for analysis of parent and F1 progeny populations of intra and inter-species crossing of durian. Five parent trees of D. zibethinus species were divided into two groups. Otong, Kani, and Sitokong standed together as a group, whilst Matahari and Petruk stand as another group. One parent tree of D. kutejensis (Lai Mas) stands alone out of both groups. Four F1 progeny populations demonstrated significantly genetic dissimilarity amongst population and amongst individu within population. F1 progeny population of inter-species crossing of Lai Mas x Matahari indicated highest heterozigosity compared to other populations. However, populations of intra-species crossing had low heterozigosity. The results could be used as reference for further selection and crossing activity.

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