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INDONESIA
Jurnal AgroBiogen
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 19071094     EISSN : 25491547     DOI : -
Core Subject : Agriculture,
Agriculture, Biological Sciences & Forestry
Jurnal AgroBiogen memuat artikel primer dan sekunder hasil penelitian bioteknologi dan sumberdaya genetik tanaman, serangga, dan mikroba pertanian. Jurnal ini diterbitkan tiga kali setahun pada bulan April, Agustus dan Oktober oleh Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumberdaya Genetik Pertanian
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 252 Documents
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KOMUNIKASI PENDEK Perbanyakan Tanaman Artemisia annua secara In Vitro Rossa Yunita; Endang G. Lestari
Jurnal AgroBiogen Vol 4, No 1 (2008): April
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jbio.v4n1.2008.p41-44

Abstract

Artemisinin, an anti-malarial medicineisolated from the annual wormwood Artemisia annua,has a marked activity against chloroquine-resistant andchloroquine-sensitive strains of Plasmodium falciparum.This compound is useful for treatment of cerebral malaria.An in vitro propagation system for A. annua has been developed.Shoots were induced by culturing seeds of A.annua on a MS medium containing BAP (0, 0.1, 0.3, 0.5mg/l). Shoots were also formed on each seedling culturedon the same medium. Root formations were obtained fromshoots that were subcultured on a MS medium containingIBA (0, 1.0, 1.5, 2 mg/l). The results showed that MS mediumsupplemented with BAP 0.3 mg/l was the best medium forinduction and multiplication of the shoots, while the MSmedium supplemented with IBA (1 mg/l) was good for rootformations.
Pemanfaatan Markah Molekuler dalam Proses Seleksi Pemuliaan Tanaman Muhammad Azrai
Jurnal AgroBiogen Vol 1, No 1 (2005): April
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jbio.v1n1.2005.p26-37

Abstract

DNA-based technology has dramatically enhanced the efficiency of plant breeding, especially when selections are to be done under unfavourable conditions. Although significant strides have been made in crop improvement trough phenotypic selections for ergonomically important traits, this often encounters considerable difficulties, particularly those posed by genotype x environment interactions. Besides testing procedure may be many times difficult, unreliable or expensive due to the nature of the target traits (e.g. abiotic and biotic stresses) or the target environment. The most widespread use of Marker Assisted Selection (MAS) to date is to assist backcrossing of major gene already proven elite cultivars. If individual genes or Quantitative Trait Loci (QTL) significantly influencing specific target traits can be identified based on their linkage to molecular markers, the efficiency of incorporating the desired traits in elite germplasm could be greatly enhanced. By combining QTL approach with backcrossing, useful genes that control quantitative traits have been identified in plant germplasm that are not for agriculture and have successfully been transferred to danced breeding lines. Indonesian molecular breeders should have a research program on DNA marker work that leads to application of useful selection tools and valuable germplasm. As molecular breeders adopt more rigorous experimental guidelines and ambitious goals, they also need to integrate the growing body of knowledge from genomics and bioinformatics.
Induksi dan Regenerasi Kalus Jagung yang Ditransformasi dengan Gen CsNitr1-L melalui Penembakan Partikel A. Dinar Ambarwati; Edy Listanto; Slamet Slamet; Umar Umar; Sustiprijatno Sustiprijatno; Sutoro Sutoro
Jurnal AgroBiogen Vol 11, No 1 (2015): April
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jbio.v11n1.2015.p25-32

Abstract

The success in development of transgenic plants is influenced by the regeneration system. The objective of the study was toassess the response of maize genotypes to regeneration system of organogenesis and embryogenesis, after transformed withCsNitr1-L gene through particle bombardment. Induction and callus regeneration of maize immature embryos of inbred linesUlt:cm.1#, ARC 178-123-112-XB3, and AZ2 were conducted through organogenesis, whereas those inbred lines AZ1, AZ2,P4G19(S)C2.59.3.3.1.3 and P4S3.29.4.4.1 were conducted through embryogenesis somatic. Transformation of CsNitr1-L gene wasdone with the distance of bombardment of 7 cm and 9 cm and calli were then selected using 10 mg/l hygromycin. All explants(100%) of inbred lines Ult:cm.1# formed organogenic callus, while callus formation of ARC 178-123-112-XB3 was 94.3% and AZ2was 60.5%. Ult:cm.1# was the most responsive line to the regeneration of organogenesis and produced 24 green shoots,compared with ARC 178-123-112-XB3 which produced one green shoot and AZ2 that did not produce green shoots. The highestpercentage of embryogenic calli formed through somatic embryogenesis was obtained on inbred lines AZ1 (85.4%) and thelowest was on P4S3.29.4.4.1 (18.9%). Inbred lines AZ1 had the highest percentage of regeneration (50.7%) and produced 62plants, followed by P4G19(S)C2.59.3.3.1.3 that produced 17 plants (2.8%) and P4S3.29.4.4.1 which produced two plants.Preliminary identification on 31 putative transgenic plants through PCR analysis produced 22 plants (70.96%) that contained nptIIgene.
Seleksi In Vitro dan Pengujian Mutan Tanaman Pisang Ambon Kuning untuk Ketahanan terhadap Penyakit Layu Fusarium Deden Sukmadjaja; Ragapadmi Purnamaningsih; Tri P. Priyatno
Jurnal AgroBiogen Vol 9, No 2 (2013): Agustus
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jbio.v9n2.2013.p66-76

Abstract

Fusarium wilt of banana (Musa spp.) caused byFusarium oxysporum f. sp. cubense (Foc) is the most seriousproblem faced in banana cultivation in terms of plantproductivity and fruit quality. Mutation breeding is one of thealternative method that can be applied in producing newbanana cultivar. Mutants can be induced by chemicalmutagen such as ethyl methane sulfonate (EMS) followed byin vitro selection and then evaluation of the mutants tofusarium wilt disease in glasshouse and Foc infected field.The aim of this research was obtained EMS induced and invitro selected mutants of banana var. Ambon Kuning andevaluated Foc disease resistant clones in glasshouse andFoc infected field. The first step to obtain the explants forthis research was initiation and formation of multiple budclumps (MBC) using MS basal media supplemented with 5,10, and 20 mg/l of benzyladenin. Plant regeneration of MBCwas also studied by using MS media containing 0, 0.2, and 1mg/l of benzyladenin. To induce mutagenesis, MBC wassoaked in 0.1, 0.3, and 0.5% (v/v) EMS for 1, 2, and 3 hours.The assesment of resistant MBC mutants to Fusariumphytotoxin was conducted by using fusaric acid (FA) asselection agent in concentration of 30, 45, and 60 ppm.Putative mutant plants produced by in vitro selection werefurther tested using spore solution of Foc race 4 inglasshouse. Meanwhile, Foc resistance assesment in theinfected field was conducted in Pasirkuda ExperimentalStation, Bogor Agricultural University. The results showedthat MBC can be formed in MS basal media supplementedwith 10 or 20 mg/l benzyladenin. The EMS played a role inobtaining mutants by producing 68 MBC putative mutantstolerant to Foc based on FA selection. Further evaluation inthe glasshouse was obtained 64 Foc resistant plants from391 putative mutants produced by in vitro selection.Evaluation in the Foc infected field showed six clonessurvived until generative phase (12 month of age).
Analisis Sekuen Gen Tubulin-β Isotipe 1 Cacing Haemonchus contortus Isolat Resisten terhadap Benzimidazole pada Domba di Indonesia Dyah Haryuningtyas; Wayan T. Artama
Jurnal AgroBiogen Vol 4, No 2 (2008): Oktober
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jbio.v4n2.2008.p45-50

Abstract

Benzimidazole (BZ)resistance to gastrointestinal nematodes in small ruminants(sheep and goat) has become a significant problem worldwide.Evidences of anthelmintic resistance to albendazole inIndonesia has been reported from some government ownedfarms in West Java, Central Java, and Yogyakarta. Previousstudy on the sheep parasite H. contortus had shown that theBZ resistance was related to selection for individuals in apopulation possesing a spesific β-tubulin isotype 1 gene. Thestudy is aimed to determine mutation on coding region ofcentral part of β-tubulin isotype 1 gene of H. contortus resistantstrain from Indonesia. Seven H. contortus worms wereisolated from four BZ resistant sheep from two governmentfarms (SPTD Trijaya, Kuningan, West Java, and UPTDPelayanan Kesehatan Hewan, Bantul, Yogyakarta), and froma BZ susceptible sheep from Cicurug, Sukabumi, West Java.DNA was extracted individually from female H. contortusworms. A fragment of 520 bp β-tubulin isotype 1 gene exon3, 4, 5 was amplified using the PCR technique and thensequenced. The results showed that a single mutationoccurred in codon 200 (from phenilalanine to tyrosine) hadcaused benzimidazole resistance in H. contortus from SPTDTrijaya, Kuningan, West Java. Mutation in β-tubulin isotype 1gene of H. contortus from UPTD Pelayanan KesehatanHewan, Yogyakarta, occurred in codon 198 (from glutamateto glycine), codon 201 (from cystein to stop codon), andcodon 202 (from isoleucyne to stop codon).
Parameter Genetik Jagung Populasi Bisma pada Pemupukan Berbeda. I. Ragam Aditif-Dominan Bobot Biji Jagung Sutoro Sutoro; Abdul Bari; Subandi Subandi; Sudirman Yahya
Jurnal AgroBiogen Vol 2, No 2 (2006): Oktober
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jbio.v2n2.2006.p60-67

Abstract

New maize varieties could be obtained through improvement of their plant populations. The method used in selection in the crop improvement was based on values of their genetic parameters. Bisma is one of the maize varieties that has a broad genetic background. New maize varieties could be obtained by improving their population through selection under different environmental conditions. Genetic parameter value were estimated by conducting an experiment under NCD II crossing at Bogor. Twenty seven sets, which were developed from three females and three males of S1 as parents of each set, were evaluated under three different fertilization schemes. Results of the experiment showed that the additive genetic variance was significantly different from zero, and so among the different levels of fertilizer applications. The dominant variances was not significant under the three different levels of fertilization applications. The additive genetic variance was lower under the low level of fertilizer application than that on the higher level of fertilization application. This might be due to the scale effect. To reduce effect of scale, the data were transformed by dividing the grand mean value. After the data transformation, the genetic variance under the low level of fertilizer application tended to be greater than that under the higher level of fertilizer application. There was a tendency that population improvement of Bisma variety could be achieved better under lower level of fertilizer applications than under the higher ones.
Empat Belas Tahun Perkembangan Peraturan Keamanan Hayati dan Keamanan Pangan Produk Rekayasa Genetik dan Implementasinya di Indonesia Muhammad Herman
Jurnal AgroBiogen Vol 6, No 2 (2010): Oktober
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jbio.v6n2.2010.p113-125

Abstract

Fourteen Years of Development of Biosafety and FoodSafety Regulations of Genetically Engineered Productsand their Implementation in Indonesia. M. Herman. InIndonesia, the need for biosafety and food safety regulationof genetically engineered products (GEP) is well recognized.The Food Law and the Decree on Provisions of Biosafety ofGenetically Engineered Agricultural Biotechnology Productshas been signed respectively by the President of Republic ofIndonesia in 1996 and by the Minister of Agriculture in 1997.The biosafety and food safety regulation of GEP comprise ofguidelines, ministerial decree, joint ministerial degree,government regulation, presidential regulation, presidensialdecree, and law. In the implementation of biosafety regulationduring the year of 1999-2001, there were five GE cropsand two enzymes products derived from GE microorganismsfor feed additive have been decraled as safe to the environment.One of the five GE crop declared for environmentsafety, the insect resistant (IR) cotton (Bt cotton) was commercializedfor limited released in seven districts of SouthSulawesi during 2001-2003. Whereas, from 2001-2010 thereare 13 GE crops have been studied in the greenhouse ofbiosafety containment and confined field trials, among ofthose there are two GE crops, herbicide tolerant (HT) GEmaize and drought tolerant (DT) GE sugarcane have beenassessed and recommended for environment safety. Fiveapplication of animal vaccine derived from GE microorganismsfor studied in the biosafety containment andconfined field have been submitted to the regulator. Inaddition to biosafety regulation, food safety regulation hasalso been implemented after the Food Safety AssessmentGuideline for GEP has been signed by the Head of Food andDrug Inspection Agency in July 2008. Food safety assessmenthas been conducted on 10 GE crops such as HT maize, HTsoybean, IR maize, amylase modification maize and DTsugarcane. There are some constraints encountered duringthe implementation of biosafety and food safety regulation.The constraints are the lack of commitment of relatedinstitution involved in the regulation, lack of understading onthe regulation, and difficulties of implementing the regulationon the import products such as maize and soybean forfood and feed process.
Pemetaan, Karakterisasi, dan Pengembangan Primer-primer Lokus Pup1 (P uptake 1) pada Padi untuk Peningkatan Toleransi terhadap Defisiensi Fosfor Joko Prasetiyono; Tasliah Tasliah
Jurnal AgroBiogen Vol 8, No 3 (2012): Desember
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jbio.v8n3.2012.p120-129

Abstract

Phosphorus (P) is the second most important nutrient forplants after nitrogen, but is available in very low amount. Pdeficiency in rice would reduce the number of tillers andgrain production. There are numerous publications onexploration of genes that are associated with P. Manyresearches on P that are directed to breeding program andinvolving many countries/institutions focus on Pup1research. Pup1 (P uptake 1) is associated with P uptake hasbeen well mapped on chromosome 12 at a distance of 15.31to 15.47 Mb and microsatellite markers between RM28073and RM28102 can be used as a selection tool in the MAB(Marker Assisted Backrossing) program. Indonesia is veryconcerned with this research because of P-deficientproblem. This review aims to provide current information ofresearch that explore the genes in Pup1 locus. This reviewoutlines the history of Pup1 mapping, to explain sequenceand expression analysis of Pup1, and to inform of Pup1specific primers. The latest information is expected to beuseful for rice breeders in Indonesia, especially for thosewho are interested to P deficiency research. Study of geneswithin Pup1 locus is still ongoing, and found that somegenes do not contribute directly to P uptake. This mayindicate that Pup1 locus use other mechanisms in the Puptake. This may indicate that some genes (dirigent-like,fatty acid α-dioxygenase, aspartic proteinases) play a role inthe increasing level of lignin in P deficient condition.Increasing level of lignin would increase the volume of rootsand thus increasing P uptake and resistance to biotic andabiotic stresses. Specific markers to detect the genes in thePup1 locus have been successfully developed, and can beused for breeding and exploration activities on Indonesianrice germplasm.
Isolasi dan Karakterisasi Aktinomisetes Penghasil Antibakteri Enteropatogen Escherichia coli K1.1, Pseudomonas pseudomallei 02 05, dan Listeria monocytogenes 5407 Dwi Ningsih Susilowati; Ratih Dewi Hastuti; Erny Yuniarti
Jurnal AgroBiogen Vol 3, No 1 (2007): April
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jbio.v3n1.2007.p15-23

Abstract

Isolation and Characterization of Actinomycetes ProducingAntibacterial Compound into EnteropatogenikEscherichia coli K1.1, Pseudomonas pseudomallei 02 05and Listeria monocytogenes 5407. Dwi N. Susilowati,Ratih D. Hastuti, and Erny Yuniarti. The resistance ofbacterial pathogens to some antibacterial agents and sideeffects of the antibacterial usage demanded discovery ofnew effective, safe, and active antibacterial compounds.Some pathogenic bacteria, such as enteropathogen Escherichiacoli (EPEC) that cause diarrhoea on children andinfants, Pseudomonas pseudomallei that cause melioidosison human and animal, and Listeria monocytogenes thatcause listeriosis on newly born babies mortality and death ofpregnant woman. Actinomycetes is the largest bacterialgroup that produce antibiotics. More than 10,000 antibacterialcompounds had been discovered, two-third ofthem were produced by this bacterial group. A study wasdone to isolate and characterize Actinomycetes producingantibacterial compounds effective against EPEC K1.1 and P.pseudomallei 02 05. Soil samples were taken from 39locations in Indonesia and 115 actinomycetes isolates wereobtained. Two of the isolates, i.e., isolate A3.5 that waseffective against P. pseudomallei 02 05 and isolate F6.1 thatwas effective against EPEC K1.1 evaluated further. Theisolate A3.5 had an optimum time 72 hours to produce antibacterialcompound, while F6.1 took 96 hours. The antibacterialcompounds produced by both isolates were dissolvein the a 70% ethyl acetate solution, but not in a 40oCwarm methanol solution because it is very dissolved. Theantibacterial compound extracted from the isolate A3.5 hada similar effectiveness to antibiotics bacithracyn 10 unit andneomycin 30 g. On the other hand, the antibacterialcompound extracted from isolate F6.1 had a similar effectivenessto antibiotics colistin 10 g and doxyciclin 30 g.Further identification of the isolates suggested that both ofthem belongs to the genera Streptomyces.
Pengaruh Media terhadap Produksi Prodigiosin Isolat Bakteri Entomopatogen Serratia marcescens Asal Wereng Batang Cokelat Ifa Manzila; Tri P. Priyatno; Rahminovita Herlis; Iman Rusmana; I Made Samudra; Yadi Suryadi
Jurnal AgroBiogen Vol 10, No 2 (2014): Agustus
Publisher : Balai Besar Penelitian dan Pengembangan Bioteknologi dan Sumber Daya Genetik Pertanian

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jbio.v10n2.2014.p77-84

Abstract

Prodigiosin, the red pigment producedby the bacterium Serratia marcescens, is a secondarymetabolite of the family tripyrrole that has been widely usedas an antibiotic in the multifunction treatment ofantibacterial as well as antifungal. This study was aimed tostudy the effect of Luria-Bertani (LB) broth and nutrientbroth (NB) media suplemented with several concentrationsof FeSO4 and CaCO3 on the production and characteristic ofprodigiosin derived from S. marcescens. The study wasarranged in a completely randomized factorial design withfour replications. The LB and NB media were supplementedwith 0, 2.5, 5, and 10 mM CaCO3 and 0, 0.25, 0.5, and 1 mMFeSO4. Results showed a red pigment produced by S.marcescens when cultured on both LB and NB media. Redlikepigmentation was varied when supplemented withdifferent concentration of Fe2+ and Ca2+. The higher theconcentration of Fe2+, the more intense the red color,conversely, the higher the concentration of Ca2+, the lighterthe red color. The interaction was found between the mediaand concentrations of CaCO3 and FeSO4 on the productionof prodigiosin. The highest prodigiosin production wasobtained on NB media supplemented with FeSO4.Meanwhile, the addition of CaCO3 did not affect theprodigiosin production. An addition of 1 mM FeSO4 to LBand NB media produced crude prodigiosin of 486.0 mg/mland 489.0 mg/ml, respectively. Based on purification bycolumn chromatography using silica gel, the prodigiosinproduction on LB and NB media was 378 mg/ml and 450mg/ml, with the purity level of 77.8% and 92%, respectively.Detection of prodigiosin by thin-layer chromatography usingsilica gel showed the red pigment had Rf value of 0.83 andbioautography assay showed there was an antibacterialactivity against Xanthomanas oryzae pv. oryzae.

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