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Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri merupakan publikasi ilmiah primer yang memuat hasil penelitian primer komoditas perkebunan yang belum dimuat pada media apapun, diterbitkan oleh Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan, DIPA 2011 terbit empat kali setahun.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 552 Documents
 21   22   23   24   25 
ISOLASI FRAGMEN GEN PENYANDI PUTRESIN N-METILTRANSFERASE DAN QUINOLINAT FOSFORIBOSILTRANSFERASE ASAL TEMBAKAU LOKAL TEMANGGUNG (Nicotiana tabacum) SESANTI BASUKI; NURHAJATI AA MATTJIK; SUWARSO SUWARSO; DESTA WIRNAS; SUDARSONO SUDARSONO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 17, No 3 (2011): September 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v17n3.2011.109-117

Abstract

ABSTRAKUpaya untuk menurunkan kandungan nikotin merupakan salah satuprioritas utama penelitian tembakau. Nikotin adalah senyawa alkaloidutama berpotensi dikonversi menjadi senyawa nor-nikotin yang bersifatkarsinogen. Gen PMT sebagai penyandi enzim putresin n-metiltransferase(PMT) dan gen QPT - penyandi enzim quinolinat fosforibosiltransferase(QPT) merupakan dua gen kunci yang berperan penting pada proses bio-sintesis nikotin. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengisolasi potongan genPMT dan QPT asal tembakau lokal Indonesia, mengkarakterisasi danmenganalisis runutan DNA-nya. Tahapan penelitian dimulai dengan me-rancang primer degenerate berdasarkan informasi yang ada di pangkalandata Bank Gen NCBI (National Centre for Biotechnology Information),mengamplifikasi PCR menggunakan templat DNA genomik tembakaulokal cv. Sindoro1, mengklon potongan DNA hasil PCR dan menentukanrunutan DNA-nya. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan dari dua belas pasangprimer degenerate yang dirancang, hanya dua pasang primer yang meng-hasilkan potongan DNA hasil amplifikasi PCR, yaitu pasangan primerPMt-7 (F & R) untuk gen PMT dan primer QPt-3 (F & R) untuk gen QPT.Setelah dilakukan penentuan runutan DNA-nya, amplikon yang didapatdari hasil PCR dengan pasangan primer PMt-7 sebesar 1418 bp, sedangkanuntuk primer QPt-3 sebesar 205 bp. Runutan DNA gen PMT dan gen QPTasal tembakau lokal cv. Sindoro1 mempunyai tingkat kesamaan yang ting-gi dengan gen PMT dan gen QPT asal tembakau lainnya yang ada dipangkalan data Bank Gen NCBI.Kata kunci : Gen PMT, gen QPT, lintasan biosintesis nikotin, perunutanDNA, amplifikasi PCR, primer degenerateABSTRACTIsolation of Genes encoding Putrescine N-Methyl-transferase and Quinolinat Phosphoribosyl transferasederived from Temanggung Tobacco Cultivar (Nicotianatabacum)Reduction of nicotine content is one of the major objective intobacco research. Nicotine is the main alcaloid compound that potentiallycould be converted into a carcinogenic compound (nor-nicotine). The PMTgene encoding putrescine N-methyl transferase (PMT) and the QPT gene -encoding quinolinate phosphoribosyl transferase (QPT) are the two keyenzymes involved in nicotine biosynthesis. The objectives of this researchwere to isolate PMT and QPT gene fragments originated from Indonesianlocal tobacco, to characterize, and to analyze their DNA sequences. Theresearch activities included: degenerate primer design based oninformation available in the GenBank DNA Database NCBI (NationalCentre for Biotechnology Information), PCR amplification usingdegenerate primer and genomic DNA template of a local tobacco cv.Sindoro1, clone the PCR amplified products, and determine their DNAnucleotide sequences. Results of the experiment indicated that from 12degenerate primer pairs synthesized, only two were able to yield positivePCR amplified products. These primer pairs were PMt-7 (F & R primers)for PMT and QPt-3 (F & R primers) for QPT. After DNA sequencing, theamplified DNA product amplified using PMt-7 degenerate primer pairswere 1418 bp, while that using QPt-3 primer pairs were only 205 bp.Nucleotide sequences of PMT or QPT gene fragments originated fromlocal tobacco cv. Sindoro1 showed a high nucleotide sequences identity ascompared to that of the respective genes from other tobacco species thatwere available in the GenBank DNA Database NCBI.Key words: PMT gene, QPT gene, nicotine biosynthetic pathways, DNAsequencing, PCR amplification, degenerate primer
PATOGENISITAS NEMATODA Heterorhabditis sp. TERHADAP KUMBANG DAUN KELAPA Brontispa longissima GESTRO WIRATNO WIRATNO; ROHIMATUN ROHIMATUN
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 18, No 4 (2012): Desember 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v18n4.2012.137-142

Abstract

ABSTRAKSuatu bioassay telah dilakukan di Balai Penelitian TanamanRempah dan Obat Bogor, dari bulan November 2010 sampai dengan Maret2011, yang bertujuan untuk mengetahui potensi Heterorhabditis sp. dalammengendalikan Brontispa longissima. Nematoda dipanen dengan carameletakkan larva Tenebrio molitor mati terinfeksi nematoda patogenserangga (NPS) di atas kertas saring yang diletakkan di dalam cawan petriberisi 30 ml air. Juvenil infektif (JI) yang ada di dalam tubuh larva akankeluar dan hidup di dalam air. Suspensi JI kemudian dilarutkan 1.000 kalilalu populasinya dihitung di bawah mikroskop binokuler dan diulang 3kali. Populasi JI diperoleh dengan melarutkan 10 ml suspensi dengansejumlah air sehingga diperoleh populasi 7.000, 3.500, 1.750, 875, 438,dan 0 JI/ml air. Masing-masing perlakuan diujikan pada 10 ekor larva,pupa, dan imago dengan menyemprotkan 2 ml suspensi JI. Pengamatanmortalitas B. longissima dilakukan pada 24, 48, dan 72 jam setelahinfestasi (JSI). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa patogenisitasHeterorhabditis sp. tertinggi pada stadia larva diikuti imago dan pupa.Pada populasi 3.500 JI/ml air kematian larva, imago, dan pupa pada 24 JSIberturut-turut sekitar 73, 63, dan 10%, berbeda tidak nyata denganperlakuan 7.000 JI/ml air. LC 50  Heterorhabditis sp. terhadap larva, imago,dan pupa pada 72 JSI berturut-turut 1.492, 2.622, dan 800.818 JI/ml air.Kata kunci: Brontispa  longissima,  kelapa,  Heterorhabditis  sp.,patogenisitasABSTRACTIn order to evaluate the potensial of Heterorhabditis sp. incontrolling B. longissima bioassays was conducted in IndonesianResearch Institute for Spices and Medicinal Crops, Bogor from November2010 until March 2011. Infective juveniles (IJ) of the nematodes wereharvested by putting dead Tenebrio molitor on a filter paper placed in apetri dish containing 30 ml of water. IJs in the larval body will then go outand live in the water. The suspension was then diluted 1,000 times andthen population counted under a binocular microscope and repeated 3times. IJ population is obtained by dissolving 10 ml suspension to obtain7,000; 3,500; 1,750; 875; 438; and 0 IJs/ml of water. Each treatment wastested on 10 larvae, pupae, and adults by spraying 2 ml IJ suspension.Mortality observations were made at 24, 48, and 72 hours after infestation(HAI). The results showed that the highest Heterorhabditis sp.pathogenicity was found in larvae stadium followed by pupae and adultstadia. In the 3,500 IJ population/ml of water, larvae, imago, and pupaemortalities in 24 HAI were approximately 73, 63, and 10%, respectivelyand were not significantly different with 7,000 IJ/ml of water. LC 50 valuesof Heterorhabditis sp. on the larvae, adult, and pupae in 72 HAI were1,492; 2,622; and 800,818 IJ/ml of water, respectively.Key words: Brontispa longissima, Cocos nucifera, Heterorhabditis sp.,pathogenicity
SELECTION OF VEGETATIVE AND GENERATIVE CHARACTERS OF ARABICA COFFEE BY USING SEQUENTIAL PATH ANALYSIS AND STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELS EDI WARDIANA; DIBYO PRANOWO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 20, No 2 (2014): Juni 2014
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v20n2.2014.77-86

Abstract

ABSTRACTInterrelations among vegetative, generative and yield characters incoffee plantation is important in breeding and selection programs.Interrelationships among these characters are the causal model and it canbe analyzed by Sequential Path Analysis (SPA). This research was carriedout at Pakuwon Experimental Station located at 450 m above sea level, inLatosol soil type with B type of climate, from December 2010 to April2012. The objectives of this research is to analyze the direct or indirectinfluence of several vegetative and generative characters on yieldcharacters of Arabica coffee through the application of SPA and StructuralEquation Models (SEM). The observation method with systematicsampling on 40 Arabica coffee plants of Kartika 1 and Kartika 2 varietieswere used in this study. The results showed that the number of cherries ofArabica coffee var. Kartika 1 and 2 population in Pakuwon ExperimentalStation were affected directly by generative and indirectly by vegetativecharacters. Plant height and stem girth can be used as positive selectioncriteria for high yielding at vegetatite phase, while the character of widthcanophy can be used as negative selection criteria. In generative phase, thecharacter of quantity of productive branches and the amount of berries andflower cluster can be used as positive selection criteria.Keywords: Coffea arabica, selection, vegetative, generative, yield,sequential path analysis, structural equation modelsABSTRAKKeterkaitan antara karakter vegetatif, generatif dan hasil padatanaman kopi merupakan hal penting dalam program pemuliaan danseleksi. Model saling keterkaitan antar karakter tersebut adalah modelsebab-akibat dan dapat dianalisis melalui Analisis Lintasan Bertahap(ALB). Penelitian ini dilakukan di Kebun Percobaan Pakuwon, padaketinggian tempat 450 m dpl, jenis tanah Latosol, dan tipe iklim B, mulaibulan Desember 2010 sampai April 2012. Tujuan penelitian adalah untukmenganalisis beberapa karakter vegetatif dan generatif yang berpengaruhterhadap karakter hasil tanaman kopi Arabika melalui penggunaan ALBdan Model Persamaan Struktural (MPS). Metode yang digunakan adalahmetode observasi dengan teknik penentuan pohon contoh secara sistematissebanyak 40 tanaman kopi Arabika varietas Kartika 1 dan Kartika 2. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa jumlah buah pada populasi kopi Arabikavarietas Kartika 1 dan 2 di KP Pakuwon dipengaruhi secara langsung olehkarakter generatif dan secara tidak langsung oleh karakter vegetatif. Padafase vegetatif, karakter tinggi tanaman dan diameter batang dapatdigunakan sebagai kriteria seleksi positif untuk produksi tinggi,sedangkan karakter lebar tajuk dapat digunakan sebagai kriteria seleksinegatif. Pada fase generatif, karakter jumlah cabang produktif serta jumlahklaster buah dan bunga dapat digunakan sebagai kriteria seleksi positif.Kata kunci: Kopi arabika, seleksi, vegetatif, generatif, hasil, analisislintasan bertahap, model persamaan struktural
PERTUMBUHAN EMPAT KLON HARAPAN VANILI (Vanilla planifolia) PADA UMUR FISIOLOGIS DAN POSISI RUAS YANG BERBEDA SUKARMAN SUKARMAN
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 17, No 1 (2011): Maret 2011
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v17n1.2011.1-5

Abstract

ABSTRAKPenelitian dilakukan di Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat(Balittro) dan Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Aneka TanamanIndustri (Balittri) dari bulan Januari 2006 sampai Desember 2007.Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh posisi ruas terhadapdaya tumbuh dan pertumbuhan benih empat klon harapan vanili, sebagaisalah satu landasan penetapan standar prosedur operasional (SPO)perbanyakan benih vanili secara vegetatif. Penelitian terdiri atas duakegiatan, yaitu: (1) Pengaruh umur fisiologis dan posisi ruas yang berbedaterhadap daya tumbuh setek dan pertumbuhan vanili klon 1 dan 2, dan (2)Pengaruh posisi ruas terhadap daya tumbuh setek dan pertumbuhanbenih/setek vanili klon 3 dan klon 4. Percobaan pertama disusun dalampola faktorial 2 x 2 x 3 dan dilaksanakan dalam rancangan petak terbagidua kali, dengan 3 ulangan dan 20 setek tiap satuan percobaan. Petakutama adalah dua klon vanili, yaitu klon 1 dan 2, dan anak petak adalah 2umur fisiologis sulur, yaitu (1) sulur umur 6 bulan, dan (2) sulur umur 12bulan setelah pemangkasan. Anak-anak petak adalah setek pada limaposisi ruas, yaitu 1) pertama, 2) kedua, 3) ketiga, 4) keempat, dan 5) ke-lima. Percobaan kedua menggunakan rancangan petak terbagi yangdiulang 3 kali dengan 20 sampel tanaman setiap perlakuan dan ulangan.Petak utama adalah dua nomor klon harapan vanili yaitu klon 3 dan 4,anak petak adalah setek pada 10 posisi ruas, yaitu 1) pertama, 2) kedua, 3)ketiga, 4) keempat, 5) kelima, 6) keenam, 7) ketujuh, 8) kedelapan, 9) ke-sembilan, dan 10) kesepuluh. Posisi ruas yang digunakan dalam keduapercobaan tersebut dihitung dari bagian atas sulur, setelah 2 ruas daripucuk dibuang. Peubah yang diamati meliputi daya tumbuh setek,pertumbuhan tanaman (tinggi tanaman/panjang sulur, jumlah dan panjangruas, serta jumlah dan ukuran daun. Pertumbuhan vanili tidak dipengaruhioleh jenis klon serta umur fisiologis sulur, tetapi dipengaruhi oleh posisiruas. Setek dari ruas kedua sampai ketujuh mempunyai pertumbuhan yangterbaik, dengan daya tumbuh berturut-turut 87,47; 84,58; 81,25; 85,00;81,67; dan 83,83%. Disimpulkan bahwa perbanyakan tanaman vanili dapatmenggunakan setek l ruas yaitu dari ruas kedua sampai ruas ketujuh.Kata kunci: Vanilla planifolia, umur fisiologis, sulur, posisi ruas, dayatumbuh, pertumbuhanABSTRACTGrowth of Four Promissing Vanila Clones (Vanillaplanifolia) at Different Physiological Stages and Inter-nodes PositionsThe experiment was conducted at the Indonesian Medicinal andAromatic Crops Research Institute (IMACRI) and Indonesian Spice andIndustrial Crops Research Institute (ISICRI), from January 2006 untilDecember 2007. This experiment aimed at evaluating the effect ofphysiological stages and internodes positions on the cutting germinationpercentage and growth of four vanilla clones, in terms of establishingstandard operational procedure (SOP) of vegetative propagation of vanilla.The research consisted of 2 experiments, i.e. (1) effect of physiologicalstages and internodes positions on the cutting germination and growth ofvanilla clon 1 and 2, and (2) effect of internodes positions on thegermination and growth of vanilla clone 3 and 4. The first experimenttested 3 treatment factors and was arranged in 2 x 2 x 3 factorial pattern insplit-split plot design with 3 replicates. Twenty cuttings were planted ineach experimental unit. The main plots were two vanilla clones (clone 1and 2), and sub plots were two different physiological stages of internodes,i.e. (1) 6 and (2) 12 months old after cutting their main stem. While thesub-sub plots were cuttings from five internodes positions : (1) first, (2)second, (3) third, (4) fourth, and (5) fifth internodes. The secondexperiment was arranged in factorial split plot design with 3 replicates.The main plots were 2 different vanilla clones, i.e. (1) clone 3 and 4, andsub-plots were cuttings from 10 different internodes positions, i.e. 1) first,(2) second, (3) third, (4) fourth, (5) fifth, 6) sixth, 7) seventh, 8) eighth, 9)ninth, and 10) tenth internodes. Variables observed were germination ofcuttings and plant growth (plant height, number and length of internodes,number and size of leaves). The results indicated that growth of vanillawas not affected by clones and physiological stage of cuttings, but it wassignificantly influenced by internodes positions. Cuttings originated fromsecond until seventh internodes positions resulted in the best growth ofvanilla plant, with germination rates of 84.58; 81.25; 85.00; 81.67; and83.83 %, respectively. It could be concluded that cuttings from seconduntil seventh internodes positions were recommended for plantingmaterials of vanilla.Key words: Vanilla planifolia, physiological stages, internodes positions,germination, growth
ELIMINASI Potyvirus PENYEBAB PENYAKIT MOSAIK PADA TANAMAN NILAM DENGAN KULTUR MERISTEM APIKAL DAN PERLAKUAN AIR PANAS PADA SETEK BATANG RITA NOVERIZA; GEDE SUASTIKA; SRI HENDRASTUTI HIDAYAT; UTOMO KARTOSUWONDO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 18, No 3 (2012): September 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v18n3.2012.107-114

Abstract

ABSTRAKMinyak nilam merupakan salah satu bahan baku parfum multifungsiyang bernilai tinggi. Budidaya dan pengembangan tanaman nilamterkendala oleh serangan Potyvirus yang menyebabkan penyakit mosaik.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan benih nilam bebas virusdengan metode kultur meristem apikal dan perlakuan air panas pada setekbatang. Penelitian dilaksanakan mulai Januari sampai Desember 2010 diLaboratorium Virologi Tumbuhan, Institut Pertanian Bogor dan RumahKasa Hama dan Penyakit, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Obat dan Aromatik(Balittro) di Bogor. Bahan tanaman yang digunakan adalah tiga varietasnilam (Sidikalang, Lhokseumawe, Tapak Tuan). Penelitian terdiri atas (1)Eliminasi Potyvirus pada tanaman nilam menggunakan kultur meristemapikal dan (2) Eliminasi Potyvirus pada setek batang nilam denganperlakuan air panas. Percobaan pertama disusun menggunakan rancanganacak lengkap dengan perlakuan 3 varietas nilam dan 2 tipe eksplan(meristem apikal dan batang terminal), dan diulang 10 kali. Parameteryang diamati adalah persentase pertumbuhan, waktu inisiasi, tinggi, danwarna tunas, serta persentase tanaman yang terinfeksi Potyvirus.Percobaan kedua menggunakan air panas pada tiga tingkatan suhu (50, 55,dan 60 o C) dan tingkatan waktu perendaman (10, 20, dan 30 menit).Percobaan disusun menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan 10perlakuan dan 10 ulangan. Tanaman nilam dipelihara selama 8 minggu dandilakukan pengamatan tinggi setek yang tumbuh dan daun yang bergejalamosaik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa tanaman nilam, yangdiperbanyak dari kultur meristem apikal ukuran 0,5-1 mm, menghasilkan33,3-99,9% tanaman bebas virus. Perendaman setek batang nilam di dalamair panas pada suhu 50-60 o C selama 10-30 menit tidak dapatmengeliminasi Potyvirus yang menginfeksi ketiga varietas nilam yangdiuji. Setek batang nilam varietas Tapak Tuan dan Lhokseumawe lebihtoleran terhadap air panas dibandingkan Sidikalang tetapi daya tumbuhyasemakin menurun seiring semakin lama waktu perendaman. Teknik kulturmeristem apikal berpotensi untuk menghasilkan setek nilam yang bebasvirus.Kata kunci : kultur meristem apikal, perlakuan air panas, Pogostemoncablin, PotyvirusABSTRACTPatchouli oil produced by patchouli plant is one of multifunctioningperfume’s raw materials and has high economic value. One importantconstraint during its cultivation is infection by Potyvirus causing seriousmosaic disease. This study was conducted to develop a technique toproduce virus-free cutting seeds using apical meristem culture and hotwater treatment on stem cutting. The study was carried out from January toDecember 2010 in Plant Virology Laboratory of Bogor AgriculturalUniversity and Pest and Diseases screen house of Indonesian Medicinaland Aromatic Crops Research Institute (Balittro) in Bogor. Three varietiesof patchouli plant, i.e. Sidikalang, Lhokseumawe, and Tapak Tuan, wereused in this study. The study consisted of (1) Elimination Potyvirus incuttings of patchouli through apical meristem culture and (2) EliminationPotyvirus in stem cuttings of patchouli with hot water treatment. The firstexperiment was arranged using completely randomized design withtreatments of three patchouli varieties and two explant types (apicalmeristem and stem terminal), and it was replicated 10 times. Parametersobserved were bud growth percentage, initiation time, height, and color,and also percentage of plant infected by Potyvirus. The second experimentapplied hot water at three temperature levels (50, 55, and 60 o C) andsubmersion periods (10, 20, and 30 minutes). It was arranged usingrandomized complete design, consisting of 10 treatments with 10 plantsfor each treatment. The patchouli plants were maintained for 8 weeks andobservations were made for height of growing cuttings and leaves withmosaic symptoms. The results showed that the patchouli plants propagatedfrom apical meristem culture of 0.5-1 mm in sizes yielded 33.3-99.9%virus-free plants. Submersion of patchouli stem cutting seeds in hot waterof 50-60 o C and soaking period of 10-30 minutes could not eliminated theinfecting Potyvirus on patchouli the three tested varieties. Cutting seeds ofLhokseumawe and Tapak Tuan varieties were more tolerant to hot waterthan Sidikalang one. However, their ability to grow decreased in line withlonger submersion time period. Apical meristem culture technique ispotential to produce virus-free cutting seeds of patchouli.Key words: apical meristem culture, hot water treatment, Pogostemoncablin, Potyvirus
POTENSI BAKTERI ENDOFIT DALAM UPAYA MENINGKATKAN PERTUMBUHAN, PRODUKSI, DAN KANDUNGAN ANDROGRAFOLID PADA TANAMAN SAMBILOTO GUSMAINI GUSMAINI; SANDRA ARIFIN AZIZ; ABDUL MUNIF; DIDY SOPANDIE; NURLIANI BERMAWIE
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 19, No 4 (2013): Desember 2013
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v19n4.2013.167-177

Abstract

ABSTRAKBakteri endofit hidup di dalam jaringan tanaman yang sehat danberperan antara lain di dalam memacu pertumbuhan tanaman denganmenghasilkan senyawa-senyawa zat pengatur tumbuh, seperti IAA, GA 3 ,dan Sitokinin. Tujuan penelitian ini untuk mengevaluasi potensi bakteriendofit dalam  meningkatkan pertumbuhan, produksi, dan kadarandrografolid pada tanaman sambiloto. Penelitian dilakukan di rumah kacaBalittro Cimanggu Bogor pada Oktober 2011–Mei 2012. Perlakuandisusun mengikuti Rancangan Acak Kelompok, enam perlakuan danempat ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari (1) kontrol, dan perlakuan bakteriendofit yaitu (2) 20BB, (3) 5MD, (4) 20BD, (5) 20CD (perlakuan 2-5masing-masing terdiri dari 4 jenis isolat), dan (6) 90AA (isolat tunggal).Suspensi bakteri endofit (50 ml/tanaman) diberikan 4 kali yaitu padaminggu ke 3, 5, 7, dan 9 setelah tanam dengan konsentrasi 10 10 spk/ml.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa bakteri endofit berpengaruh postifdan nyata dalam meningkatkan pertumbuhan, produksi herba segar dankering serta andrografolid pada tanaman sambiloto lebih baikdibandingkan kontrol. Peningkatan pertumbuhan tertinggi ditunjukkanpada tinggi tanaman dan jumlah cabang primer yaitu masing-masing24,7% (20 CD) dan 42,2% (20 BB). Produksi herba kering meningkat 25-82,81%, sejalan dengan meningkatnya serapan hara N (64,7-158,8%), P(50-100%), dan K (65-155%). Peningkatan produksi herba kering danandrografolid terbaik diperoleh dari penggunaan 20 CD (82,81 dan142,11%), 20 BB (88,75 dan 131,58%), dan 20 BD (65,63 dan 131,58%).Implikasi dari hasil penelitian ini bahwa bakteri endofit berpotensi untukdikembangkan pada budidaya tanaman sambiloto.Kata kunci: Andrographis paniculata, bakteri endofit, andrografolid,pertumbuhan, produksiABSTRACTEndophytic bacteria live within healthy plant tissue and playimportant roles, such as producing compounds of plant growth regulatorssubstances such as IAA, GA 3 , and Cytokinin. The aims of this research isto evaluate the potential of endophytic bacteria to promote the growth,andrographolide content, and dry matter yield of king of bitter. Theresearch was conducted in the greenhouse of Cimanggu Balittro in October2011-May 2012. Treatments were arranged in a randomized completeblock design with six treatments and four replications. Treatments consistof (1) control, and 5 kinds of endophytic bacteria isolates such as (2)20BB, (3) 5MD, (4) 20BD, (5) 20CD (treatments no.2-5, consisted of 4types of isolate), and (6) 90AA (single isolate). The highest presentage ofplant height and number of primary branches were obtained from thetreatment of 20CD (24.7%) and 20BB (42.2%). Increase in the dry herbyield of 25-82.81% was in agreement with increasing in uptake of N (64.7-158.8%), P (50-100%), and K (65-155%). The best treatment with whichyielding high of dry herbs and andrographolide was 20CD isolates (82.81and 142.11%), followed with 20 BB (88.75 and 131.58%), and 20 BD(65.63 and 131.58%). The study implies that endophytic bacteria havepotential for development of king of bitter cultivation.Key words: Andrographis paniculata, endophytic bacteria, androgra-pholide, growth, yield
PATOGENISITAS BEBERAPA ISOLAT CENDAWAN TERBAWA BENIH KAKAO HIBRIDA BAHARUDIN, BAHARUDIN; PURWANTARA, A.; ILYAS, S.; SUHARTANTO, M.R.
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 19, No 1 (2013): Maret 2013
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v19n1.2013.8-14

Abstract

ABSTRAKBenih kakao hibrida diketahui dapat membawa beberapa mikrobayang bersifat patogenik dan menurunkan mutu benih. Penelitian bertujuanuntuk mengetahui pengaruh beberapa isolat cendawan terbawa benihterhadap penurunan viabilitas benih dan vigor bibit kakao hibrida.Penelitian dilakukan di Kebun Benih Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan KakaoIndonesia, Jember, Laboratorium Mikrobiologi dan rumah kaca BalaiPenelitian Bioteknologi Perkebunan Indonesia, Bogor, pada bulan Julisampai November 2008. Penelitian menggunakan 13 cendawan terbawabenih kakao hibrida. Benih diperoleh dari persilangan buatan antara kakaoTSH 858 dengan Sca 6. Penelitian menggunakan model Rancangan AcakLengkap dengan 4 ulangan. Inokulasi patogen pada benih kakao dilakukandengan cara merendam benih di dalam suspensi patogen dengan kerapatan10 6 spora/ml selama 30 menit. Selanjutnya benih ditanam pada media pasirsteril dalam boks plastik ukuran 30 x 30 cm, menurut rancangannya.Setiap perlakuan diulang 4 kali. Parameter yang diamati adalah dayaberkecambah, indeks vigor, kecepatan tumbuh relatif, kecepatanberkecambah T 50 , laju pertumbuhan kecambah, jumlah daun, tinggi bibit,panjang akar, jumlah akar dan kematian benih. Data dianalisis denganANOVA dan dilanjutkan dengan uji Jarak Berganda Duncan. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa ke-13 spesies cendawan bersifat patogenikpada benih kakao hibrida. Cendawan patogen terbawa benih yang bersifatpatogenik adalah Aspergillus flavus, A. ochraceus, Cladosporiumherbanum,  Curvularia  geniculata,  Fusarium  oxysporum,  Phomaglomerata dan Macrophoma sp. Cendawan patogen tersebut dapatmenurunkan daya berkecambah 20-40%, indeks vigor 30-47%, kecepatantumbuh relatif 13-45%, dan meningkatkan kecepatan perkecambahan(T 50 menurun) dari 0,62-7,36 hari. Ke-13 isolat patogen dapatmenyebabkan kematian benih 29-52% dibanding kontrol. Ke-13 isolatpatogen juga menginfeksi bagian tanaman seperti kotiledon, daun, batangdan akar bibit kakao, namun hanya Phoma glomerata dan Macrophomasp. yang menurunkan tinggi bibit, jumlah daun, jumlah dan panjang akarsecara nyata. Tujuh dari 13 isolat cendawan patogen terbawa benih tidakhanya menurunkan viabilitas dan vigor benih kakao hibrida tetapi jugadapat berkembang pada bibit sehingga perlu penanganan benih secara dini.Kata kunci: benih hibrida, patogen terbawa benih, viabilitas, vigor benih,Theobroma cacaoABSTRACTIn 2009 revitalization of cacao plantations in Indonesia required 168million seeds. Distribution of low quality and infected seeds leads to hugelosses and in a long term will destruct cultivation of cacao. Seed-bornepathogens of infected cacao hybrid seeds are dangerous because they mayreduce physiological qualities of the seeds. The study aimed atdetermining the effect of several isolates of seed borne fungi on theviability and vigor of hybrid cacao seeds as well as growth of theseedlings. The study was conducted at the Seed Garden Indonesian Coffeeand Cacao Research Center in Jember, Microbiology Laboratory and glasshouse of Biotechnology Research Institute for Estate Crops of Indonesia,Bogor, from July to November 2008. The study used 13 seed-borne fungiin hybrid cacao. The cacao seeds were obtained from hand pollinatedcrossing between TSH 858 with Sca 6. The experiment was arranged usingCompletely Randomized Design with four replicates. Cacao seeds wereinoculated by immersing them for 30 minutes in the spore suspension of13 isolates of seed-borne fungi CTB at a density of 10 6 spores/ml. Afterinoculation, the seeds were planted on sterile sand in a plastic box (30 x 30cm). Parameters observed were germination rate, vigor index, KCT-R T 50rate of seedling growth, leaf number, seedling height, root length, rootnumber, and level of pathogenicity. Data were analyzed by ANOVAfollowed with Duncan's Multiple Test. The results showed that the 13species of seed-borne pathogens were in hybrid cacao seeds with varyingpathogenicity. The most pathogenic fungi were Aspergillus flavus,Aspergillus ochraceus, Cladosporium herbanum, Curvularia geniculata,Fusarium oxysporum, Phoma glomerata, and Macrophoma sp. Seed bornepathogenic fungi had the ability to reduce seed germination of 20-40%,vigor index of 30-47%, relative growth rate of 13-45%, and delayedgermination speed (T 50 decreases) from 0.62 to 7.36 days. Seed bornepathogens caused (29-52%) death seed compared to control. All that 13isolates of seed-borne pathogens infected plant tissues such as cotyledons,leaves, stems, and roots of cacao seedlings, but only isolates of Phomaglomerata and Macrophoma sp. which lowered the height of seedlings,leaf number, root number and length. The study indicated that infection ofseed-borne pathogens on cacao seed hybrid can cause seed death.Therefore, seeds should be handled properly.Key words: hybrid seeds, seed borne pathogens, viability, seed vigor,Theobroma cacao
KETAHANAN 35 KLON KAKAO TERHADAP INFEKSI Phytophthora palmivora Butl. BERDASARKAN UJI DETACHED POD RUBIYO RUBIYO; AGUS PURWANTARA; SUDARSONO SUDARSONO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 16, No 4 (2010): Desember 2010
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v16n4.2010.172-178

Abstract

ABSTRAKPemuliaan untuk menghasilkan klon yang toleran terhadap penyakitbusuk buah kakao sudah lama dilakukan di Indonesia. Pengendalian yangefektif dan efisien terhadap penyakit ini adalah dengan menggunakanbahan tanaman yang tahan. Tetapi untuk mendapatkan atau merakit bahantanaman yang tahan memerlukan waktu yang lama, juga ketersediaanplasma nutfah yang memiliki keragaman genetik yang tinggi. Penelitian inibertujuan untuk mengevaluasi respon koleksi kakao terhadap infeksipenyakit busuk buah P. palmivora. Kegiatan yang telah dilakukan adalahpengujian ketahanan 35 klon kakao terhadap infeksi P. palmivoraberdasarkan uji detached pod, dan menentukan ada tidaknya hubunganantara tipe kakao dan bentuk buahnya dengan sifat ketahanan terhadapinfeksi P. palmivora, serta kerentanan klon kakao terhadap infeksiP. palmivora pada koleksi plasma nutfah kakao. Penelitian dilakukan diLaboratorium Penyakit Pusat Penelitian Kopi dan Kakao Indonesia Jemberpada Tahun 2008. Penelitian ini menggunakan buah kakao dari 35 klonbuah 4 bulan setelah antesis. Buah yang dipetik dari pohon diinokulasidengan miselia P. palmivora di laboratorium. Pengamatan dilakukan ter-hadap panjang dan lebar bercak yang diakibatkan oleh infeksi P. palmi-vora terhadap buah kakao yang diuji. Berdasarkan hasil penelitiandiketahui bahwa klon kakao yang tahan terhadap penyakit busuk buah(P. palmivora) adalah klon ICCRI 1, PA 300, ICCRI 3, UIT 1, NIC 4, DR38, ICS 13, Sca 6, TSH 858 dan ICS 60 merupakan 10 klon kakao yangmempunyai tingkat resistensi tinggi terhadap infeksi P. palmivora dari 35plasma nutfah klon kakao yang diuji. Klon kakao yang sangat rentanadalah RCC 73, KKM 22, NIC 7, DRC 16, RCC 71, BL 300, BL 301,KEE 2, TSH 908 dan DRC 15. Klon kakao yang dapat digunakan sebagaitetua untuk proses seleksi lebih lanjut adalah: ICCRI 1, PA 300, ICCRI 3,UIT 1, TSH 858, NIC 4, DR 38, ICS 13, dan Sca 6.Kata kunci : Theobroma cocoa, kakao, busuk buah, evaluasi, plasmanutfah, uji ketahananABSTRACTResistance of 35 Cocoa Clones against Phytophthorapalmivora Butl. Infection Based on Detached PODAssaysBreeding to produce clones tolerant to black pod disease of cocoahas long been done in Indonesia. Effective and efficient control of thisdisease is by using resistant planting material. But to obtain or assembleresistant planting materials require long period of time, also theavailability of germplasm with high genetic diversity. This researchactivities were conducted to evaluate the response of cocoa collectionagainst infection of black pod disease caused by Phytophthora palmivora.The objectives of this experiment were (i) to evaluate the respone of 35cocoa clones against infection of P. palmivora using detached pod assay,(ii) to determine the most resistance cocoa clones, and (iii) the mostsusceptible cocoa clones among evaluated cocoa germplasm collectionagainst infection of P. palmivora. The research was conducted at theDisease Laboratory of Indonesian Center for Coffee and Cocoa ResearchInstitute in 2008. In the experiment, pods of 35 cocoa clones (at 4-5months after anthesis) were harvested and inoculated with mycelia of P.palmivora in the laboratory. Observations were conducted on length andwidth of necrosed symptoms because of P. palmivora infection on thesurface of the tested pods. The experiment showed that ICRI 1, PA 300,ICRI 3, UIT 1, NIC 4, DR 38, ICS 13, TSH 858, SCA 6, and ICS 60 werethe ten most resistant cocoa clones. On the other hand, cocoa clones ofRCC 73, KKM 22, NIC 7, DRC 16, RCC71, BL 300, BL 301, KEE 2,TSH 908, and DRC 15 were the ten most susceptible cocoa clones.Genotypes used as the parental clones for future selection process wereclones: ICCRI 1, ICCRI 3, ICS 13, TSH 858, UIT 1, PA 300, NIC 4, DR38, and Sca 6.Key words: Theobroma cocoa, cocoa, black pods, germplasm evaluation,resistance tests
PENGARUH KONDISI HOMOGENISASI TERHADAP KARAKTERISTIK FISIK DAN MUTU SANTAN SELAMA PENYIMPANAN SARI INTAN KAILAKU; TATANG HIDAYAT; DONDY A. SETIABUDY
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 18, No 1 (2012): Maret 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v18n1.2012.31-39

Abstract

ABSTRAKProduk santan awet semakin banyak digunakan masyarakat untukalasan kepraktisan. Salah satu cara untuk menstabilkan emulsi santan yaitudengan penambahan emulsifier/stabiliser dan proses homogenisasi.Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan kondisi proses homogenisasiyang dapat menghasilkan emulsi santan yang stabil dengan masa simpanyang optimal. Perlakuan yang diterapkan yaitu tiga kecepatan putaran(6.000, 11.000, dan 16.000 rpm) dan empat durasi homogenisasi (10, 20,30, dan 40 menit). Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap(RAL) faktorial dengan tiga kali ulangan. Parameter yang diamati yaitukarakteristik fisik emulsi santan yang meliputi stabilitas emulsi, viskositas,dan mikroskopik santan. Kemudian diamati pula mutu santan selamapenyimpanan dengan menguji parameter pH, warna, kadar asam lemakbebas, dan total mikroba. Emulsifier yang digunakan adalah Tween 20(konsentrasi 0; 0,5; dan 1%) dan karboksi-metilselulosa-CMC (konsentrasi0 dan 0,6%). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan CMC 0,6%dapat menghasilkan stabilitas emulsi yang baik (100%) sampai denganakhir pengamatan (14 hari). Kondisi proses homogenisasi yang optimaldiperoleh pada kecepatan putaran 6.000 rpm selama 30 menit. Mutu santanyang dihasilkan dari kondisi proses homogenisasi yang optimal cukup baikdan layak dikonsumsi sampai dengan penyimpanan minggu ke-6.Kata kunci: Santan, homogenisasi, emulsifier/stabiliser, karboksi-metil-selulosa (CMC), mutuABSTRACTPreserved coconut milk is increasingly used publicly because of itspractical reasons. One of the ways to stabilize the coconut milk emulsionis by addition of emulsifier/stabilizer and homogenizing process. Thisstudy aimed at obtaining conditions of the homogenization process toproduce stable emulsions of coconut milk with optimum storage period.The treatments applied were three rotation speeds (6,000, 11,000, and16,000 rpm) and four homogenization durations (10, 20, 30, and 40minutes). The experiment was arranged using factorial completelyrandomized design (CRD) factorial with three replicates .  Parametersobserved were physical characteristics including coconut milk emulsionstability, viscosity, and microscopic test of milk. Furthermore, it was thenobserved quality of the coconut milk during storage by testing theparameters of pH, color, free fatty acid (FFA) levels, and total microbes bytotal plate count (TPC). Emulsifiers used in the experiment were Tween 20(concentrations of 0, 0.5, and 1%) and carboxy-methylcellulose - CMC(concentrations of 0 and 0.6%). The results showed that the use of 0.6%CMC was able to produce a good emulsion stability (100%) until the endof the observation (14 days). Optimal condition of homogenizationprocess was obtained at the rotation speed of 6,000 rpm for 30 minutes.The quality of coconut milk resulted from optimal condition ofhomogenization process was quite good and valid for consumption up to 6weeks of storage.Key words : Coconut  milk,  homogenization,  emulsifier/stabilizer,carboxy-methylcellulose (CMC), quality.
SKRINING GALUR KAPAS (Gossypium hirsutum L.) TOLERAN TERHADAP KEKERINGAN DENGAN PEG-6000 PADA FASE KECAMBAH SIWI SUMARTINI; EMY SULISTYOWATI; SRI MULYANI; ABDURRAKHMAN ABDURRAKHMAN
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 19, No 3 (2013): September 2013
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v19n3.2013.139-146

Abstract

ABSTRAKDaerah pengembangan kapas di Indonesia umumnya lahan keringdengan keterbatasan air. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan galur-galur kapas toleran kekeringan menggunakan PEG-6000 pada fasekecambah. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium Pengujian Benih BalaiPenelitian Tanaman Pemanis dan Serat, mulai bulan April sampai Juni2012. Perlakuan disusun dalam rancangan Petak Terbagi dan diulang duakali. Petak utama adalah perlakuan PEG-6000 (-3 bar) dan tanpa PEG-6000 (air), sedangkan anak petak adalah 13 galur kapas dan varietasKanesia 14. Setiap perlakuan terdiri dari lima pot masing-masing ditanamsepuluh biji. Benih kapas dicampur dengan fungisida Mancozeb 80% 2g/kg benih sebelum ditanam. Parameter pengamatan meliputi dayaberkecambah, panjang kecambah dan akar, bobot kecambah dan akar,rasio  panjang  akar/kecambah,  serta  indeks  kerentanan  terhadapkekeringan. Kecambah dihitung sebagai kecambah normal jika panjanglebih dari 0,5 cm. Perlakuan PEG-6000 berpengaruh sangat nyata terhadappenurunan daya berkecambah, panjang kecambah dan akar, serta bobotkecambah dan akar. Sebaliknya, rasio panjang akar/kecambah lebih tinggipada perlakuan PEG-6000 dibandingkan dengan perlakuan tanpa PEG-6000. Respon ketahanan galur kapas yang dihitung dengan indekskerentanan kekeringan berbeda pada masing-masing parameter yangdiamati. Dari nilai rata-rata indeks kerentanan kekeringan semuaparameter, tidak ada galur yang tahan terhadap kekeringan (S<0,50).Terdapat delapan galur yang agak tahan kekeringan (0,50<S<1,0) danlebih tahan dibandingkan dengan Kanesia 14, yaitu 03002/12, 03006/1,03008/7, 03008/24, 03012/17, 03014/12, 03017/13, dan 03017/15.Kata kunci: Gossypium hirsutum L., tahan kekeringan, PEG-6000,perkecambahan, galurABSTRACTCotton production areas in Indonesia are arable land with lack of wateravailability. The aim of this study was to obtain cotton lines tolerant todrought using PEG-6000 at germination stage. The experiment wasconducted at the Seed Testing Laboratory in Indonesian Sweetener andFiber Crops Research Institute, from April to June 2012. Treatments werearranged in a Split Plots design with two replications. The main plot wasPEG-6000 (-3 bar) and without PEG-6000 (water), while the subplot was13 cotton lines and Kanesia 14 variety. Seed cotton was treated with 80%Mancozeb fungicide dose of 2g/kg seed before sowing. Parametersobserved were germination percentage, shoot and root length, shoot androot weight, ratio of root/shoot length, and drought susceptibility index.Seedling was counted as normal if its length more than 0.5 cm. PEG-6000treatment gives very significant effect on the decline on seed germination,shoot and root length, shoot and root weight. Otherwise, ratio of root/shootlength was higher in the PEG-6000 than without PEG-6000 treatment.Response of cotton lines to drought which calculated with a droughtsusceptibility index were different among parameter observed. Meandrought susceptibility index of all parameters showed that none of cottonline tolerant to drought (S < 0,50) was achieved from the study. Therewere eight moderately drought-resistant lines (0, 50 < S < 1,0) achievednamely 03002/12, 03006/1, 03008/7, 03008/24, 03012/17, 03014/12,03017/13, and 03017/15 which more resistance than Kanesia 14.Key words: Gossypium hirsutum L., drought tolerant, PEG-6000,germination, lines

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