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Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri merupakan publikasi ilmiah primer yang memuat hasil penelitian primer komoditas perkebunan yang belum dimuat pada media apapun, diterbitkan oleh Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan, DIPA 2011 terbit empat kali setahun.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 552 Documents
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PENGARUH JENIS DAN TARAF PUPUK ORGANIK TERHADAP PRODUKSI DAN MUTU PURWOCENG MUHAMAD DJAZULI; JOKO PITONO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 15, No 1 (2009): Maret 2009
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v15n1.2009.40-45

Abstract

ABSTRAKMemenuhi kebutuhan bahan baku simplisia purwoceng (Pimpinellapruatjan) untuk industri jamu, dan mengurangi dampak eksplorasi dihutan sekitar pegunungan Dieng, perlu areal pengembangan purwocengyang baru. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mendapatkan taraf dan jenispupuk organik yang optimal untuk peningkatkan produksi dan mutusimplisia purwoceng di KP Gunung Putri, Cianjur yang tanahnya berpasirdengan ketinggian 1.500 m dpl. Percobaan menggunakan rancangan acakkelompok dengan 4 ulangan. Perlakuan terdiri dari 12 kombinasi jenis dantaraf pupuk organik. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa jenispemupukan organik berpengaruh nyata terhadap komponen pertumbuhandan produksi biomas tanaman. Pemberian pukan ayam menghasilkanbobot daun, akar, dan total paling baik dibandingkan dengan pukankambing, pukan sapi dan pupuk kompos. Aplikasi pukan ayam dengantaraf yang rendah sebesar 0,24 kg/tanaman atau setara dengan 20 ton/hamempunyai efisiensi pemupukan yang paling tinggi dan tidak berbedanyata dengan aplikasi pemupukan yang lebih tinggi. Kadar sitosterol didalam daun terlihat lebih tinggi dibanding di dalam jaringan akar.Sebaliknya, kadar stigmasterol di dalam akar terlihat lebih tinggidibandingkan di dalam daun. Aplikasi pukan ayam dan pukan sapimenghasilkan kadar sitosterol yang lebih tinggi dibanding aplikasi pukankambing dan pupuk kompos. Sebaliknya, pupuk kompos dan pukankambing menghasilkan kadar stigmasterol yang lebih tinggi dibandingpukan ayam dan pukan sapi. Kondisi agroklimat dataran tinggi GunungPutri, Cianjur cukup sesuai untuk pengembangan baru purwoceng.Kata kunci : Pimpinella pruatjan, pupuk organik, taraf pupuk, produksi,mutuABSTRACTEffect of type and dosage of organic fertilizer(fertilization) on production and quality of pruatjanIn order to fulfill the demands of pruatjan raw materials for jamuindustry, and to minimize negative impact of over exploration of naturalpruatjan plants in the forest surrounding Mount Dieng areas, it is importantto search new plantation areas for the development of such plant. Thisresearch aimed to find out optimal combination of type and dosage oforganic fertilizer for increasing production and quality of pruatjan rawmaterial. A field experiment was conducted at Gunung Putri experimentalstation, Cianjur. The experiment was arranged using randomized blockdesign with four replicates, and the treatment consisted of twelvecombinations of type and dosage of organic fertilizer. The results showedthat type of organic fertilizer significantly affected plant growth andbiomass production. Application of chicken dung produced leaf, root, andtotal fresh and dry weights higher than those of sheep and cow dung, andcompost. The highest fertilization efficiency was found on the applicationof chicken dung at low dosage with 0.24 kg/plant (or equivalent with 20t/ha), however, it was not significantly different with that of higher level offertilizer application. Sitosterol content was slightly higher in leaves thanin roots. On the contrary, stigmasterol and total steroid in pruatjan rootswere higher than those in leaves. Application of chicken and cow dungproduced higher sitosterol content than those of sheep dung and compost.However, application of compost and sheep dung produced higherstigmasterol content than those of chicken and cow dung. Agroclimaticcondition of Gunung Putri highland, Cianjur is well suited for thedevelopment of new pruatjan plantation area.Key words : Pimpinella pruatjan, organic fertilizer, fertilizer level,production, quality
STUDI POPULASI OPTIMAL PADA TEMBAKAU MADURA DENGAN CARA PANEN SATU KALI ABDUL RACHMAN; . SUWARSO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 9, No 3 (2003): September, 2003
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v9n3.2003.98-103

Abstract

Percobaan dilakukan di dua tempat dengan perbedaan tipe lahan di Kabupaten Sumencp, P. Madura, unluk mempclajari pengaruh populasi tanam terhadap sifat agronomis dan kimia dari dua varietas tembakau madura Percobaan dilakukan pada tahun 1990 (Mei s/d September), dengan cara panen salu kali, di Desa Guluk-guluk mewakili lahan gunung dengan clevasi 235 m, dan di Desa Kambingan Barat mewakili lahan legal (lahan kering) dengan clevasi 15 m. Sifat tanah dari lahan gunung adalah betcksiur liat, dengan 55% liat, 29% debu, 16% pasir, 0 62% C-organik, 0.11% N, dan pi I 7.5; dan di lahan tcgal adalah betckstur lempung berliat, dengan 34% liat 38% debu, 28% pasir, 0.55% C-organik, 0.09% N, dan pH 6.9. Perlakuan terdiri atas dua variclas tembakau madura (Prancak dan Berbedih) dan tiga taraf populasi tanaman (25 000, 33 000, dan 41 000 tanaman per ha). Perlakuan disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok faktorial, dengan empat ulangan. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa pada lahan gunung variclas Prancak memberikan hasil krosok dan kadar Cl daun yang lebih tinggi dan pada varietas Berbedih. telapi variclas Berbedih memberikan jumlah daun dan kadar nikotin yang lebih tinggi dari pada varietas Prancak. Sifat lain dari kedua varietas tersebut adalah sama. Peningkatan populasi tanam meningkatkan hasil daun rajangan dan krosok. telapi menurunkan ukuran lebar daun Sebagian besar sifat-sifat tembakau tidak terpengaruh oleh kenaikan populasi. Populasi tanam yang sesuai untuk lahan gunung adalah 41 000 tanaman/ha, atau dengan jarak tanam (90 cm x 45 cm)/2 x 45 cm. Pada lahan legal varietas Prancak memberikan hasil krosok yang lebih linggi dari pada varietas Berbedih, tetapi varietas Prancak lebih rendah dalam hal jumlah daun, kadar nikotin dan gula dari pada varietas Berbedih Sifal yang lainnya dari kedua varietas tersebut adalah sama. Peningkatan populasi lanam di lahan legal meningkatkan ukuran tinggi tanaman dan hasil krosok Sebagian besar sifat tembakau tidak terpengaruh oleh peningkatan populasi. Populasi yang sesuai untuk lahan tcgal adalah 33 000 tanaman/ha, atau dengan jarak lanam (90 cm x 45 cm)/2 x 40 cm.Kata kunci: Nicotiana tabacum, tembakau madura, populasi lanam, varietas, tipe lahan ABSTRACT Study on optimal plant population of madura tobacco in one harvesting methodThe experiment was conducted in two locations with different type of land, in Sumenep Regency, Madura Island, to study the effect of plant populations on agronomic and chemical characteristics of two madura tobacco varieties. This experiment was conducted in 1990 (May to September) on madura tobacco in one harvesting method, in Guluk-guluk Village represented hilly land lypc at the elevation of 235 m, and in Kambingan Barat Village represented upland type at the elevation of 15 m The soil characteristics of hilly land is clay texture with 55% clay, 29% silt, 28% sand, 0.62% organic-C. 0.11% N, and pll 7.5; and the soil characteristics of upland is clay loam texture with 34% clay, 38% silt, 28% sand, 0.55% organic-C, 0.06% N, and pH 6.9. The treatment consislcd of two varieties of madura tobacco (Prancak and Berbedih) and three plant population rates (25 000, 33 000 and 41 000 plants/ha). The treatments were arranged in factorial randomized block design with four replications. The result showed that in hilly land, Prancak gave more dry leaf yield and leaf Cl content than thai of Berbedih, but Prancak gave less leaf number and leaf nicotine content than Berbedih Other characters of the two varieties were similar. Increasing plant population increased cut and dry leaf yield, but decreased leaf width. Most of tobacco characters were not affected by increasing plant population. Appropriate plant population for hilly land tobacco was 41 000 plants/ha or with plant spacing of (90 cm x 45 cm)/2 x 40 cm. In upland, Prancak gave more dry leaf yield more lhan Berbedih, but Prancak gave less leaf number, nicotine and sugar content than Berbedih. Other characters of the two varieties was similar. Increasing plant population increased plant height and dry leaf yield. Most of tobacco characters were not affected by increasing plant population. Appropriate plant population for upland tobacco was 33 000 plants/ha or with plant spacing of (90 cm x 45 cm)/2 x 45 cm.Key words : Nicotiana tabacum, madura tobacco, plant population, variety, land type
STABILITAS HASIL DAN MUTU GALUR-GALUR BARU TEMBAKAU TEMANGGUNG FATKHUR ROCHMAN; SUWARSO SUWARSO; ANIK HERWATI; SESANTI BASUKI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 5, No 4 (2000): Maret, 2000
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v5n4.2000.141-144

Abstract

The stability of yield and quality of the new lines of Temanggung tobaccoThe productivity of Temanggung tobacco is relatively low. One of the causes of the low productivity is genetic deterioration. Fom a series of selection, four lines were potential to be developed. Befoe the new varieties are released they need to be tested at different locations in a central poducing area. The tests were conducted at 1 1 locations in Temanggung District rom 1995 to 1997. The lines tested included four selected lines, original population of Temanggung tobacco.from which the selected lines were produced, and Kemloko, a local variety generally planted by farmers. The trial, were designed as a randomized block in three replicates for respective location. Results showed that two of four tested lines i.e. 2258/2/1/1 and 2132/2/2/1/1 produced stable yield and quality. Compared with Kemloko (local variety) the dry sliced tobacco, grade index and crop index of 2258/2/1/1 increased by 17.57, 6.85, and 26.88% respectively and those of 2132/2/2/1/1 increased by 12.28, 16.03, and 31.88% respectively.
PENGEMBANGAN BUDIDAYA LORONG BERBASIS TANAMAN PERKEBUNAN DI DATARAN TINGGI SEKITAR DANAU TOBA ELNA KARMAWATI; SAHARMAN DAMANIK; . Mukhasim
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 8, No 3 (2002): September, 2002
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v8n3.2002.83-90

Abstract

Penelitian budidaya lorong bcrbasis tanaman perkebunan di sekitar Danau Toba telah dilaksanakan di kabupaten Simalungun Sumatera Utara dai bulan November 1999 - Januari 2002. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah unluk (I) mengidenlifikasi potensi dan peluang pengembangan tanaman perkebunan dan (2) memperoleh model usahatani yang layak dikembangkan pada daerah dataran tinggi sekitar Danau Coba Pcnarikan contoh acak secara berlapis dilakukan untuk memperoleh data primer dan petani/kelompok tani dan pedagang pcngumpul. I.apis pertama adalah kabupaten, kedua kecamatan dan ketiga adalah desa. Data sckundcr diperoleh dari instansi terkait yaitu UPS, Dinas Perkebunan lingkat propinsi dan kabupaten, BPN, I3PTP Gcdong Johor, BPK Ack Nauli dan kantor kecamatan. Berdasarkan penelitian yang Iclah dilaksanakan di dataran tinggi Danau Toba dapat diambil kesimpulan bahwa dari keadaan lahan dan iklim, sarana dan prasarana, kcragaan usahatani serta pemasaran. tanaman perkebunan berpeluang untuk dikembangkan di dalaran tinggi Danau Toba. Model yang dipilih dalam penerapan tanaman perkebunan dan tanaman pangarvhortikullura adalah model yang dapal mclcstarikan sumberdaya lahan, menccgah erosi dan memberikan nilai tambah kepada petani. Model tersebut adalah budidaya lorong dengan tanaman kopi yang ditanam segitiga sebagai pembentuk lorong dan baricr penahan erosi Diantara lorong ditanam tanaman jahe dan tanaman cabai merah secara tumpang gilir, dengan nilai BCR antara 1.07 -1.25. Pcngurangan laju erosi dengan penanaman kopi mencapai 30-44%.Kata kunci : Coffeae sp, Zingiber oicinale, potensi, peluang, Danau Toba, sumberdaya lahan, erosi, budidaya lorong, dalaran tinggi ABSTRACT Development of estate crop based alley cropping in the area of Toba LakeAlley cropping research on estate crops in area of Toba I ,ake was carried oul in Simalungun, North Sumatera from November 1999 to January 2002 The objectives were (1) to identify the polcncy and probability to develop estate crops and (2) lo obtain farming system model which are feasible to develop. Purposive stratified Random Sampling had been conducted lo obtain pimary data from farmers/farmers group and traders. The irst level was regency, the second sub distict and the third was village. Secondary data were obtained from related institution Based on the condition of soil and climate, facility, farming system performance and marketing. It could be concluded that estate crops had polcncy lo develop in upland area of Toba Lake. The model Uiat had to be selected was a model that could preserve land resource, prevent erosion, and increase farmers' income. The model was alley cropping based on triangle-planted coffee as erosion barrier. Ginger and red pepper were planted rotation between alleys. The value of BCR was 1.07 -1 25. The erotion rate decreased about 30-44%.Key words : Cofeae sp, Zingiber oficinale, potency, probability, Toba Lake, erosion, alley cropping, upland
SERAPAN HARA N, P, K PADA TUJUH NOMOR HARAPAN SERAI DAPUR PADA TANAH LASOTOL / The Nutrient Uptake of N, P, and K of Seven Promising Numbers of Lemongrass in Latosol Soil Octivia Trisilawati; Deliah Seswita; M. Syakir
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 23, No 2 (2017): Desember, 2017
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v23n2.2017.105-111

Abstract

The constrain of lemongrass cultivation is crop nutrient requirement does not estimate yet as a reference for determining the dosage of fertilizer needed to produce good yield and quality. The study aims to determine the NPK uptake of seven lemongrass promising numbers grown in latosol soil in Cibinong research garden, Bogor, namely: Cyci 0003, 0004, 0006, 0009, 0012, 0018 and local. Seven lemongrass promising numbers were from Boyolali, Yogyakarta, Cipatat, Cisaroni, East Nusa Tenggara, Bogor, and Cibinong which had been characterized. The design used was randomized block design with four replications and 25 plants per plots. The parameters observed were number of tillers, plant height, leaf length and width, stem diameter weight per clump, oil yield and quality, and chlorophyll content. The results showed that there were differences of nutrient uptake pattern, as well as the amount of fertilizer requirement N, P and K on all seven promising numbers of lemongrass. Local and Cyci 0003 had highest oil and sitral production compared to other lemongrass promising numbers. To generate the essential oil yield 81,39 kg ha-1 and production of citral 14,25 tonnes ha-1, Cyci 0003 absorbed 284,65 kg Urea, 49,15 kg SP-36, and 308,95 kg KCl ha-1, while local Cyci absorbed 230,29 kg Urea, 49,97 kg SP-36, and 161,8 kg KCl ha-1 to produce 97,94 kg essential oils yield ha-1 and 16,01 tonnes citral ha-1. Essential oil content of Lemongrass increased with increasing uptake of N and P, and citral oil content increased with increasing nutrient P uptake. Local Cyci promising number was relatively efficient in N, P, and K nutrient absorption.Keywords: Cymbopogon citratus Stapf., promising number, yield, quality, the uptake of N, P, and K. AbstrakSalah satu kendala dalam pengembangan budidaya serai dapur adalah belum ada perhitungan kebutuhan hara tanaman secara riil sebagai acuan dalam menentukan dosis pupuk yang dibutuhkan untuk menghasilkan produksi dan mutu terna yang baik. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui serapan hara N, P, dan K dari tujuh nomor harapan serai dapur yang ditanam di tanah latosol. Tujuh nomor harapan serai dapur yang telah dikarakterisasi yaitu Cyci 0003, Cyci 0004, Cyci 0006, Cyci 0009, Cyci 0012, Cyci 0018 dan Cyci lokal berasal dari Boyolali, Yogyakarta, Cipatat, Cisaroni, NTT, Bogor, dan Cibinong ditanam di kebun percobaan Cibinong, Bogor. Penelitian menggunakan Rancangan Acak Kelompok, dengan 4 ulangan dan jumlah tanaman sebanyak 25 per petak. Parameter yang diamati meliputi jumlah anakan, tinggi tanaman, panjang dan lebar daun, diameter batang, bobot kering terna per rumpun, kadar minyak, mutu minyak, serta kandungan klorofil. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat perbedaan pola serapan hara, jumlah serta kebutuhan pupuk N, P, dan K dari ke tujuh nomor harapan serai dapur. Cyci lokal dan Cyci 0003 menghasilkan minyak atsiri dan sitral tertinggi. Untuk menghasilkan minyak atsiri 81,39 kg ha-1 dan sitral 14,25 t ha-1, Cyci 0003 menyerap 284,65 kg Urea, 49,15 kg SP-36, dan 308,95 kg KCl ha-1, sedangkan untuk menghasilkan minyak atsiri 97,94 kg ha-1 dan sitral 16,01 ton ha-1, Cyci lokal menyerap 230,29 kg Urea, 49,97 kg SP-36 dan 161,8 kg KCl ha-1. Kadar minyak atsiri serai dapur meningkat sejalan dengan peningkatan serapan hara N dan P, dan kadar minyak sitral meningkat seiring dengan peningkatan serapan hara P. Cyci lokal merupakan nomor harapan serai dapur yang relatif efisien dalam penyerapan hara N, P, dan K.Kata kunci: Cymbopogon citratus Stapf, nomor harapan, produksi, mutu, serapan hara N, P dan K. 
PENGARUH PUPUK ORGANIK DAN ANORGANIK ZA DAN SP 36 TERHADAP HASIL DAN MUTU TEMBAKAU TEMANGGUNG PADA TANAH ANDISOL DJAJADI DJAJADI; M. SHOLEH; NUNUNG SUDIBYO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 8, No 1 (2002): Maret, 2002
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v8n1.2002.32-37

Abstract

Effect of organic (biogrcen) and inorganic fetilizers (ammonium sulphate and SP36) on the yield and quality of the temanggung tobacco in andosol soil was studied at Galapansari - Temanggung, from Februai to December 2001. The organic and inorganic fetilizers were formulated in 10 packages, namely : (1) 570 kg ammonium sulphate (AS) ♦ 100 kg SP36; (2) the recommended rate for temanggung tobacco (20 000 kg stable manure 500 kg AS + 100 kg SP36; (3) 5 000 kg organic fetilizer (OF); (4) 7 500 kg OF; (5) 8 500 kg OF; (6) 10 000 kg OF; (7) 12 500 kg OF; (8) 14 500 kg OF; (9) 7 500 kg OF + 3 500 kg sUble manure (SM); (10) 7 500 kg OF + 4 500 kg SM. All the rates of fetilizers were based on one hectare planted area (16 500 plants) The expeiment was designed as a randomized block in four replicates. Results showed that organic fertilizer waa more effective than stable manure in improving die growth, yield and quality of temanggung tobacco. A the rate of 5 000 kg was sufficient to produce high ( 6 313 kg fresh or 800 kg sliced died leaves), grade index (51.68) and crop index (55.31). Key words : Organic fetilizer, ammonium sulfate, SP36, temanggung tobacco, andisol
KONSERVASI TANAMAN LADA (Piper nigrum L.) SECARA IN VITRO YELNITITIS YELNITITIS; NURLIANI BERMAWIE
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 7, No 3 (2001): September, 2001
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v7n3.2001.88-92

Abstract

In vitro conservation of black pepper (Piper nigrum L.)Black pepper (Piper nigrum L.) is one of the economically im¬ potant spices. The major constraint in black pepper cultivation and conservation in ield is foot rot disease caused by Phytopthora capsici which could cause plants die. Conservation of black pepper germplasms as living collections in ield is risky due to pests and natural disaster. The experiment on in vitro cop ervation of black pepper var. LDL was conducted al the laboratory of Plant Genetic Resources and Breeding, Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops (RISMC) Bogor from April 1998 to Maret 1999. Single node cuttings from sterile culture were used as explains. The explains were cultured on Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium on full and half strength concentration supplemented with paclobutrazol (paclo) (0, 1, 3 and 5 mg/1). The experiment was performed in a randomized complete block design arranged factorially with 10 replications. The result showed that the medium supplemented with paclo on both full MS and MS A medium could suppress vegetative growth until 12 months. There was no signiicant interaction between medium and paclo on shoot initiation. The effect was signiicant on shoot height, number of leaves and culture performances. Increasing paclo concen¬ tration caused higher suppression of plant growth. MS A medium supplemented with paclo 5 mg/1 showed the slowest growth with shool height 2.10 cm and number of leaves 9. Culture performance was fresh, with green leaves and vigorous. Advcntive shoots were able to regenerate on the medium supplemented with BA 0.3 mg/1. In vitro conservation of black pepper with paclo did not change plant regeneration ability. Therefore, this technique may be used as an altenative method for black pepper conservation.
KANESIA 10 - KANESIA 13: EMPAT VARIETAS KAPAS BARU BERPRODUKSI TINGGI EMY SULISTYOWATI; SIWI SUMARTINI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 15, No 1 (2009): Maret 2009
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v15n1.2009.24-32

Abstract

ABSTRAKProgram perbaikan varietas kapas bertujuan meningkatkanproduktivitas dan mutu serat. Sembilan hasil persilangan kapas tahun 1997dan 1998 yang melibatkan dua tetua dari Amerika Serikat (DeltapineAcala 90 dan Deltapine 5690), tiga tetua dari India (LRA 5166, Pusa 1,dan SRT 1), dan satu tetua dari Asia Tengah (Tashkent 2) telah melaluitujuh pengujian di Jawa Timur, Nusa Tenggara Barat, dan SulawesiSelatan untuk menilai potensi produksi, mutu serat, dan tingkat ketahananterhadap beberapa hama di lahan tadah hujan dengan atau tanpa diproteksidengan insektisida. Perlakuan disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok(RAK) yang diulang tiga kali dalam kondisi diproteksi ataupun tanpadiproteksi dengan insektisida pada petak-petak percobaan berukuran 40-50m2 dengan jarak tanam (100 x 25) cm. Pengendalian hama pada ulanganulanganyang diproteksi dengan insektisida adalah penambahan insektisidabenih Imidachloprit 10 ml/kg benih dan pengendalian hama H. armigerasebanyak 5-6 kali menggunakan pestisida nabati Organeem (Azadirachtin1%). Hasil pengujian menunjukkan bahwa Kanesia 10 – Kanesia 13mampu berproduksi lebih tinggi apabila diproteksi dengan insektisidadengan potensi produksi berturut-turut 19,32, 21,75, 17,05, dan 21,7%lebih tinggi dari Kanesia 8, dan rata-rata produktivitas berturut-turutadalah 2.457,2, 2.507,3, 2.410,5, dan 2.506,8 kg kapas berbiji per hektar.Kanesia 10 dan Kanesia 11 memiliki kandungan serat berturut-turut 27,2%dan 8,11% lebih tinggi dibandingkan Kanesia 8. Pada rekayasa Kanesia10 - Kanesia 13 ini tidak diperoleh kemajuan genetik yang nyata padaparameter mutu serat, akan tetapi mutu serat dari empat galur tersebut diatas memenuhi kriteria industri tekstil yaitu dengan rata-rata karakteristikmutu serat yaitu panjang serat 26,92 – 29,34 mm, kekuatan 27,13 – 29,50g/tex, kehalusan 4,38-5,08 micronaire, dan keseragaman serat 83,3 –84,6%.Kata kunci : Gossypium hirsutum, kemajuan genetik, produktivitas, mutuseratABSTRACTKanesia 10- Kanesia 13: Four New High Yielding Cotton VarietiesThe cotton breeding program is focusing on the increase ofproductivity and fiber properties. The 1997 and 1998 crossing programinvolving two parents introduced from the United States of America(Deltapine Acala 90 and Deltapine 5690), three parents introduced fromIndia (LRA 5166, Pusa 1, and SRT 1), and one variety originated fromCentral Asia (Tashkent 2), have resulted in nine crosses which had beentested in seven locations at East Java, West Nusa Tenggara, and SouthSulawesi to evaluate their yield potentials, fiber properties, and resistancelevel to insect pests on rainfed areas with or without protection.Experiments were arranged in randomized block design (RBD) with threereplications either with or without insecticide spray on 40-50 m2 plots with(100 x 25) cm planting space. Insect controls were done by treating cottonseed with 10 ml Imidachloprit per kg seed and 5-6 applications ofbotanical pesticide Organeem (Azadirachtin 1%). Experimental resultsshowed that Kanesia 10-Kanesia 13 yield better when insects arecontrolled. Their yield potentials are 19.32, 21.75, 17.05, and 21.7%higher than Kanesia 8, respectively, and means of yield are 2,457.2,2,507.3, 2,410.5, and 2,506.8 kg seed cotton, respectively. Kanesia 10 andKanesia 11 have 27.2 and 8.11% higher gin turnout, respectively thanKanesia 8. On the engineering of Kanesia 10-Kanesia 13, there is noimprovement on the fiber properties, although they meet the textileindustries’ criteria i.e. staple length 26.92 – 29.34 mm, fiber strength 27.13– 29.50 g/tex, fiber fineness 4.38-5.08 micronaire, and uniformity ratio83.3 – 84.6%.Key words : Gossypium hirsutum, genetic improvement, productivity,fiber properties
INDUCING GENETIC VARIABILITY OF BLACK PEPPER (Piper nigrum L.) by IRRADIATION NURLIANI BERMAWIE
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 10, No 4 (2004): Desember, 2004
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v10n4.2004.166-172

Abstract

Genetic variability of black pepper germplasm in Indonesia is low. To broaden genetic variability, newly growth shoot tips from in vitro culture of black pepper var. LDL were y irradiated with doses 0, 0.3 0.6, 0.9, 1.2 and 1.5 krad. The treatments were designed in a complete block with five replications. The irradiaed plantlets were grown on MS medium. Response of the variety is described by recording an increase in leaves, shoots and node, numbers, plantlet height, and morphological abnormality in the irst vegetative mutation generation (MVI) and the second vegetative mutation generation (MV2). Ater 6 weeks, the plantlets were sub cultured and the leaves of MV2 were used for RAPD analysis. Six random primers were used for the study, i.e. OPC-01 (TTCGAGC- CAG), OPC-02 (GTGAGGCGTC), OPC-04 (CCGCATCTAC), OPC-05 (GATGACCGCC), OPC-06 (GAACGGACTC) and Abi 117.17 (GCTC- GTCAAC). The results showed that the lowest averages value on the increase of leaves, shoots, nodes and plantlets height al MVI are resulted at dose 1.5 krad, whereas dose 0.3 krad increases averages value on shoots and plantlet height. The highest percentage of abnormal leaves is resulted at dose 1.2 krad. Ater subculture, the MV2 plantlets showed higher averages value for almost all parameters observed than the untreated plantlets. The number of score able bands varied from 2-5 bands with molecular weight 0.4-12 kb. Thirty three bands were detected from the six primers, with OPC-01, OPC-04 and OPC-06 showed polymorphisms with 8 (24%) polymorphic bands. In OPC-01 one band with DNA size 1 -1.5 kb was absence rom the treated plants at dose 0.9-1.5 krad, while with OPC- 04, one band size 1 5 kb present only at 1.2 krad and with OPC-06 one band size 12 kb absence from 0.6 and 0.9 krad, and 3-5 bands size 1.5, 1.8 and bands with size 3-12 kb disappeared at dose 1.2 and 1.5 krad. The appearance and disappearance of bands may be related to the genetic changes due to y irradiation, and further exploration may be needed to ind how much genetic variation induced by irradiation in ield and the relationships with the changes in plant characters.Key words: Piper nigrum L., mutation, irradiation, RAPD, genetic variation ABSTRAK Peningkatan keragaman genetik tanaman lada (Piper nigrum L.) dengan iradiasi sinar gammaKeragaman genetik plasma nutfah lada sempit, untuk meningkatkan keragaman genetik, mata tunas yang tumbuh dari biakan lada varietas LDL diradiasi dengan sinar y dengan dosis 0, 0.3 0.6, 0.9, 1.2, dan 1.5 krad. Perlakuan menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap dengan lima ulangan. Tunas hasil radiasi ditanam pada media MS. Respon tanaman terhadap perlakuan iradiasi dilakukan dengan mengamati peningkatan jumlah daun, tunas, buku, tinggi tanaman dan morfologi pada planlet hasil perbanyakan vegetatif generasi pertama (MVI) dan kedua setelah iradiasi (MV2). Tunas hasil perbanyakan sub-kultur setelah iradiasi (MV2) dianaltsa keragaman genetiknya dengan RAPD (Randomly Ampliied Polymorphic DNA) menggunakan enam primer acak, yaitu OPC-01 (TTCGAGCCAG), OPC-02 (GTGAGGCGTC), OPC-04 (CCGCATCTAC), OPC-05 (GATGACCGCC), OPC-06 (GAACGGACTC) dan Abi 117.17 (GCTCGTCAAC). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa iradiasi menyebabkan perubahan yang nyata pada planlet generasi pertama setelah perbanyakan vegetatif (MVI) terutama pada jumlah buku dan tinggi tanaman. tetapi tidak berbeda nyata untuk penambahan jumlah daun dan166 tunas. Nilai rata-rata penambahan jumlah daun, tunas, buku dan tinggi planlet terendah ditunjukkan oleh perlakuan iradiasi pada dosis 1.5 krad, sedangkan pada iradiasi 0.3 krad meningkatkan nilai rata-rata jumlah tunas dan tinggi planlet. Persentase daun abnormal diperoleh pada perlakuan 1.2 krad. Setelah sub-kultur, planlet generasi kedua setelah perbanyakan vegetatif (MV2) yang tumbuh menunjukkan nilai rata-rata yang lebih tinggi dari normal pada semua parameter. Persentase daun variegata pada MVI diperoleh dari perlakuan 1.2 krad tetapi pada MV2 diperoleh dari perlakuan 0.6 krad. Jumlah pita DNA yang terampliikasi berkisar antara 2-5 dengan berat molekul 0.4-12 kb. Tiga puluh tiga pita tcrdetcksi, 8 (24 %) pita diantaranya polimorfik, yang berasal dari primer OPC-01, OPC-04 dan OPC-06. Pada OPC-01 satu pita dengan ukuran 1-1.5 kb hilang dari perlakuan 0.9-1.5 krad, sementara pada OPC-04, satu pita dengan ukuran 1.5 kb muncul hanya pada perlakuan 1.2 krad dan pada OPC-06 satu pita 12 kb hilang dari perlakuan 0-6 dan 0.9 krad, 3-5 pita dengan ukuran 1.5 kb, 1.8 kb dan antara 3-12 kb hilang dari perlakuan 1.2 dan 1.5 krad. Hilang dan munculnya pita kemungkinan berhubungan dengan perubahan genetik akibat radiasi sinar y dan penelitian lanjut perlu dilakukan untuk menge¬ tahui tingkat keragaman yang ditimbulkan akibat iradiasi di lapang dan hubungannya dengan perubahan sifat terutama sifat yang mengunlungkanKara kunci: Piper nigrum L„ Lada, mutasi, radiasi, RAPD, variasi genetik
KERAGAAN MORFOLOGI DAN HASIL 60 INDIVIDU JARAK PAGAR (Jatropha curcas L.) TERPILIH DI KEBUN PERCOBAAN PAKUWON SUKABUMI R.R. SRI HARTATI; A. SETIAWAN; B. HELIYANTO; D. PRANOWO; SUDARSONO SUDARSONO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 15, No 4 (2009): Desember 2009
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v15n4.2009.152-161

Abstract

ABSTRAKDi Indonesia, jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.) merupakan tanamanpenting untuk menghasilkan biofuel. Dari biji tanaman ini dapatdiekstraksi bahan bakar biokerosen dan biodiesel. Tetapi potensi hasiltanaman ini perlu ditingkatkan agar pemanfaatannya dapat mempunyainilai komersial. Peningkatan potensi hasil tanaman jarak pagar dapatdilakukan dengan program pemuliaan tanaman. Tujuan penelitian yangdilakukan adalah mengevaluasi karakter vegetatif dan generatif sertapotensi hasil dari individu J. curcas hasil seleksi di Kebun Induk JarakPagar Pakuwon, Sukabumi. Penelitian ini juga mempelajari korelasi antarakarakter vegetatif dan generatif serta potensi hasil dari tanaman yangdievaluasi. Data yang diperoleh selanjutnya digunakan untuk meng-identifikasi individu tanaman yang dapat dimanfaatkan sebagai tetuapotensial untuk program pengembangan kultivar J. curcas yang berdayahasil tinggi. Tanaman yang dievaluasi berasal dari 20 genotipe terpilihyang berasal dari Lampung, Jawa Tengah, Jawa Timur, Nusa TenggaraBarat dan Sulawesi. Genotipe-genotipe tersebut diseleksi berdasarkan hasiluji provenan yang telah dilakukan sebelumnya. Dari setiap genotipeterpilih diambil tiga butir benih. Benih-benih tersebut kemudiandikecambahkan di tempat pembibitan yang terkontrol dan setelah berumur2 bulan bibit ditanam di lapangan pada tanggal 22 Mei 2007. Karaktervegetatif dan generatif serta potensi hasil dari individu-individu yangdievaluasi dimonitor selama satu tahun (1 Agustus 2007 – 31 Juli 2008).Hasil penelitian yang dilakukan menunjukkan tanaman-tanaman yang diuji(merupakan keturunan dari 20 genotipe J. curcas hasil seleksi), bervariasipada karakter tinggi tanaman, lingkar batang, dan percabangan. Tanaman-tanaman tersebut juga menunjukkan variasi pada umur berbunga, jumlahinfloresen, jumlah tandan buah, jumlah buah, dan jumlah biji serta kadarminyak biji. Tinggi tanaman, jumlah infloresen, dan jumlah tandan buahberkorelasi positif dengan hasil buah dan biji per tanaman. Sementara ituumur berbunga berkorelasi negatif dengan semua karakter generatif.Berdasarkan karakter vegetatif dan generatif serta potensi hasilnya,teridentifikasi tiga individu yang berpotensi sebagai tetua untukpengembangan kultivar J. curcas yang berdaya hasil tinggi. Individu-individu tersebut adalah HS 49-2, PT 13-2, dan PT 15-1. Ketiga individutersebut menghasilkan lebih dari 350 buah per tanaman dan kadarminyaknya berkisar antara 36 – 38%.Kata kunci : Jatropha curcas L., evaluasi lapangan, seleksi fenotip,analisis korelasi, karakter vegetatif, karakter generatif, dayahasil, kandungan minyak bijiABSTRACTMorphologies and Yield Performances of 60 SelectedGenotypes of Physic nut (Jatropha curcas L.) at PakuwonExperimental Station, SukabumiPhysic nut (Jatropha curcas L) is an important biofuelproducing crops in Indonesia. Biokerosene and biodiesel fuel could beextracted from seeds of this crop. Yield potential of this crop needs to beincreased in order to meet its commercial usage. Such yield potentialimprovement could be achieved through plant breeding program. Theobjectives of this research were to evaluate vegetative and generativecharacters and yield potentials of selected individual of J. curcas at KebunInduk Jarak Pagar Pakuwon, Sukabumi. This research was also intended toanalyze correlation among vegetative and generative characters and yieldpotentials of the evaluated genotypes. Subsequently, the collected datawere used to identify individual crop that can be used as potential parentgenotypes for developing new high yielding J. curcas cultivar. Theevaluated genotypes were derived from 20 selected parent plantsoriginated from Lampung, Central Java, East Java, West Nusa Tenggara,and Sulawesi. The genotypes were selected based on provenance trials inthe previous experiment. Three seeds were collected from each parentplant and were germinated in the controlled seed nursery conditions. Theseedlings were planted in the field on May 22, 2007 when they were 2months old. Vegetative and generative characters and yield potentials ofthe evaluated individuals were monitored for one year (August 1, 2007 toJuly 31, 2008). Results of the experiments indicated the tested genotypesderived from 20 selected J. curcas parent plants exhibited variabilities intheir height, stem girth, and branches characters. They also exhibited highvariabilities in their time of flowering, number of inflorescence, number ofbunches, number of fruits and nut per plant, and their oil contents. Plantheight, number of inflorescence, and number of bunches were positivelycorrelated with yield of fruits and nuts per plants. Meanwhile, time offlowering was negatively correlated with all generative characters. Basedon their vegetative and generative characters and their yield potentials,three genotypes were identified as the new potential parents for developinghigh yielding J. curcas cultivar. They were HS 49-2, PT 13-2, and PT 15-1. These newly selected genotypes yielded more than 350 fruits per plantwith 36 – 38 % seed oil content in their first year.Key words : Jatropha curcas L., field evaluation, phenotypic selection,correlation  analysis,  vegetative characters,  generativecharacters, seed yield, oil content

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