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INDONESIA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri merupakan publikasi ilmiah primer yang memuat hasil penelitian primer komoditas perkebunan yang belum dimuat pada media apapun, diterbitkan oleh Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan, DIPA 2011 terbit empat kali setahun.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 552 Documents
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PENAWARAN EKSPOR PANILI INDONESIA NYAK ILHAM; SRI HASTUTI SUHARTINI; BONAR M. M. SINAGA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 10, No 2 (2004): Juni 2004
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v10n2.2004.41-50

Abstract

Panili Indonesia sudah dikenal di pasar intenasional dengan nama Java Vanilla Beans dengan kualitas yang cukup baik. Masalahnya mampukah Indonesia mempertahankan kontinuitas penawarannya sesuai dengan kualitas yang diinginkan pasar. Penelitian ini betujuan mcnganalisis: (1) kinerja penawaran atau produksi melalui peilaku luas areal dan produktivitas tanaman panili; (2) peilaku penawaran ekspor komoditas panili ke Jcrman dan Amerika Seikat (AS); dan (3) peilaku harga domestik dan harga ekspor komoditas panili. Data yang digunakan merupakan data sckundcr rentang waktu (lime series) tahunan: 1975 - 2000 pada tingkat nasional dan intenasional. Analisis data menggunakan pendekatan ckonometik dengan metode 2SLS. Hasil analisis menyimpul- kan: (1) luas tanam menghasilkan dipengaruhi oleh upah tenaga kerja secara ncgatif dalam jangka pendek luas tanaman menghasilkan belum rcsponsif terhadap perubahan tingkat upah, akan tetapi dalam jangka panjang menjadi responsif, (2) produktivitas panili dipengaruhi secara positif oleh harga panili domestik, namun produktivitas tidak rcsponsif terhadap perubahan harga; (3) ekspor panili Indonesia ke Jcrman dan AS dipengaruhi oleh ekspor tahun sebelumnya. Hal ini menginformasikan bahwa kegiatan ekspor tersebut terkait dengan kepcrcayaan antara ekspotir Indonesia dengan importir Jerman dan AS; (4) transmisi harga ekspor ke harga yang diteima petani sangat lemah, sementara transmisi harga dunia ke harga ekspor cukup erat Hal ini dapat dilihat dai tidak adanya pengaruh harga ekspor terhadap harga domestik, sedangkan harga ekspor sangat dipengaruhi oleh harga dunia; (5) upaya pengembangan panili di Indonesia lebih diarahkan pada peningkatan kualitas hasil, perluasan tanaman yang berlcbihan hendaknya memperhatikan kecenderungan permintaan ekspor; (6) untuk menjaga pangsa pasar panili Indonesia di pasar intenasional hendaknya tetap meningkatkan daya saing, baik dai segi kualitas maupun harga.Kata kunci: Panili, ekspor, Java vanilla, Indonesia, penawaranABSTRACTIndonesian Vanilla ExpotsIndonesian vanilla, Java Vanilla Beans, is widely known in intenational market. It is also regarded as high quality vanilla. The main concen for Indonesian expoters is to fulill the continuity of the supply for the quality as demanded. This study aims to analyze: (1) the effects of acreage and yields on supply and production of Indonesian vanilla; (2) the exports of Indonesian vanilla to Germany and the U.S.; (3) the domestic pices and export prices of Indonesian vanilla. This study used secondary data, time series rom 1975 to 2000 both national and intenational data. Econometric analyses using 2SLS was used in this study. The results are as follow: (1) the wages have negative effects on the acreage, in the shot run the acreage does not respond to wage changes; however, in the long run it does respond to wage changes; (2) the domestic prices positively affect on the yields, however, yields do not respond to price changes; (3) the previous expots affect on the current exports to Germany and the U.S., it shows that there is a cetain relationship between Indonesian expoters and German and the U.S. importers; (4) the expot pices weakly transmit to farmer level prices, moreover, intenational prices strongly transmit to the expot prices. It is shown by the absence of the effects of the expot pices on the domestic prices. Meanwhile intenational prices highly affects on the export prices; (5) the efforts to develop vanilla industry in Indonesia are concentrated on increasing quality of Indonesian vanilla, the addition of the acreage should consider the expot demand; (6) competitiveness of Indonesian vanilla should be maintained and improved to sustain and gain the market share.Key words : Vanilla, Java vanilla, Indonesia, expot, supply
RESPONSE OF FIVE KENAF ACCESSIONS TO SHOOT REGENERATION RULLY D. PURWATI; SUDJINDRO SUDJINDRO; SUDARMADJI SUDARMADJI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 5, No 1 (1999): Juni, 1999
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v5n1.1999.31-37

Abstract

This expeiment was aimed to study response of fives kenfa accession to shoot regeneration and to establish an appropriate regeneration protocol for kenaf. Theexpeimentwasperformed at Tissue Culture Laboratory Research Institute for Tobacco and Fibre Crops (RITFC), Malang. from June to Octo¬ ber 1997 Cotyledons with plumules attached were used as explanls and culture medium for callus induction was MS-based medium with BAP (2 mg/1) and NAA (0 5 mg/1). Calli produced in this cultures were transferred into MS-based medium containing BAP (2 mg/1) and GA.i (5 mg/1) for shoot initiation. All shoots obtained were then sub-cultured in MS-based medium without regulators (MSO) for root formation. Rooted shoots (plantlets) were acclimatized in the sterile sand and transferred mto sterile soil in the glass house. Results of this experiment showed that the most responsive accessions were Cuba 108/1. followed by KK 60, He 48. PI 324922. and CHN/ 056 H with the average number of shoots per explant 4.32 * 4.21,4.00 + 4.01.3.05 + 2.98,2.80 + 1.47. aid 2.72 + 2.49. respectively, at 40 days ater transfering on shoot regeneration medium Shoots rooted ater 14 days on MSO medium with frequencies of 81 50-93.30%. Healthy plantlets survived and grew well in soil media in the glass house. Therefore, an appropriate shoot regeneration protocol for kenaf was found.
PERBAIKAN VARIETAS UNTUK PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIVITAS DAN MUTU SERAT KAPAS EMY SULISTYOWATI; SIWI SUMARTINI; ABDURRAKHMAN ABDURRAKHMAN; SRI RUSTINI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 15, No 2 (2009): Juni 2009
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v15n2.2009.66-76

Abstract

ABSTRAKPersilangan kapas yang dilakukan pada tahun 1999 denganmelibatkan 11 varietas kapas sebagai tetua betina dan lima varietas kapassebagai tetua jantan telah menghasilkan 22 set persilangan kapas. Adapuntujuan persilangan tersebut adalah untuk meningkatkan produktivitas danmutu serat varietas kapas nasional Indonesia. Program perbaikan varietasini menggunakan pendekatan seleksi pedigree pada F3, dan dilanjutkandengan seleksi galur pada generasi F5 dan selanjutnya. Pada kegiatanseleksi galur tahun 2004-2005 di Kebun Percobaan Asembagus, dari 22genotipe generasi F4 yang diseleksi dengan kriteria seleksi produktivitas >3 ton kapas berbiji/ha telah dihasilkan 23 galur harapan. Pada generasi F6dilakukan uji daya hasil dari 23 galur tersebut. Dari pengujian daya hasilgalur-galur tersebut pada tahun 2006, telah dihasilkan enam galur harapanyang memiliki tingkat produktivitas secara statistika tidak berbeda denganatau lebih tinggi dari Kanesia 8 dengan panjang serat > 1,16 inch, kekuatanserat > 30,77 g/tex, dan kehalusan serat antara 3,5 – 4,5 mic, yaitu99004/5, 99005/9, 99013/5, 99023/5, 99023/7, dan 99023/8. Galur-galurtersebut selanjutnya akan diuji secara multilokasi untuk menilai stabilitasekspresi genetiknya di beberapa wilayah pengembangan kapas.Kata kunci : Gossypium hirsutum, kapas, produktivitas, mutu seratABSTRACTVarietal Improvement for Increase of Productivity andQuality of Cotton Fiber Cotton breeding conducted since 1999 involving 11 varieties asfemale parent, and five varieties as male parents has resulted in 22crossing sets. The aim was to improve productivity level as well as fiberquality of national cotton varieties of Indonesia. The breeding approachwas accomplished by pedigree selection on F3 generation, which was thencontinued with line selection from F5 generation. From the line selectionactivity carried out at Asembagus Experimental Station during 2004-2005,out of 22 genotypes selected at the F4 generation based on productivitylevel of > 3 ton seed cotton/ha as selection criteria, 23 promising lines hadbeen selected which were then tested in a yield potential test. From theyield potential test conducted in 2006, six promising lines had beenselected whose productivity levels were statistically not different from orhigher than Kanesia 8 with fiber length of >1.16 inch, fiber strength>30.77 g/tex, and fiber fineness 3.5-4.5 mic. Those promising lines wouldthen be tested in multilocation trials to evaluate the stability of theirgenetic expression in several cotton development areas.Key words : Gossypium hirsutum, cotton, productivity, fiber properties
ADOPSITEKNOLOGI DAN INDEK PERTANAMAN POLA USAHA TANI BERBASIS LADA DI NANGABULIK KALIMANTAN TENGAH SYAFRIL KEMALA
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 4, No 5 (1999): Januari, 1999
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v4n5.1999.158-162

Abstract

Technology adoption and crops index ofpepper basedfarm¬ ing system in Nangabulik Central KalimantanA research on technology adoption, technology demontration and crops index of pepper based farming system was conducted in UPT Nangabu¬ lik, Central Kalimantan by using survey method. The purpose of the research was to show : (a) the role of technology demontration in increasing the willingness of the fanners in adopting the technology; (b) the crops index of the pepper based farming system as an indicator for income level. The data were analyzed by using nonparametics Wilcoxon sign rank test and cropping intencity index (CII). The results showed that the technology demontration of pepper based farming system had a significant effect in increasing the willingness of the farmers in adoption the technology. So that, the develop¬ ment of the pepper based farming system in IP I Nangabulik would go faster. An economic of scale aea of the pepper based farming system in Nangabulik would be achieved in around two years. The crops index of the pepper based fanning system was 215.30% meaning the level of eiciency of the pepper based farming system in using the land was 215.30% higher than the traditional farming system in Nangabulik. In other words the pepper based farming system would incease the farmers income by 215.30% (ceteis paibus). Compaing with the land in Java cropped with paddy and had crops index of 300% the pepper based farming system in Nangabulik would give higher income to the farmers after 5 years.
PENGARUH CEKAMAN AIR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN BIBIT EMPAT NOMOR JAMBU MENTE (Anacardium occidentale. L.) DEVI RUSMIN; . SUKARMAN; . MELATI; MAHARANI HASANAH
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 8, No 2 (2002): Juni, 2002
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v8n2.2002.49-54

Abstract

Ketersediaan air pada fasc pembibitan, merupakan salah satu faktor pembatas dalam pertumbuhan bibit jambu mente. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendapatkan nomor harapan jambu mente (Anacardium occidentale I..) yang toleran terhadap cekaman air, khususnya pada fase pembibitan Percobaan dilaksanakan di rumah kaca Balai Penelitian Bioteknologi Tanaman Pangan dan Laboratorium Balai Penelitian Tanaman Rempah dan Obat, dari bulan Mei-Agustus 2001. Rancangan faktorial dengan dua faktor dan tiga ulangan disusun dalam rancangan acak kelompok. Faktor pertama adalah empat nomor harapan jambu mente yaitu : F2-8, III 4/2, P 293 dan B 02, dan sebagai faktor kedua adalah enam tingkat cekaman air yaitu : 50%, 55%, 60%, 65% 70% dan 75% kapasitas lapang (KL) Parameter yang diamati meliputi: pertumbuhan bibit (tinggi, jumlah daun, luas daun), bobot kering bibit (batang, daun dan akar), seta analisis kandungan prolin bebas. Hasil percobaan menunjukkan bahwa intcraksi nomor harapan dengan perlakuan cekaman air berbeda nyata terhadap kandungan prolin bebas. Kandungan prolin bebas tertinggi terdapat pada nomor B 0-2 pada cekaman air 50% KL, tetapi tidak berbeda nyata dengan F2-8, sedangkan kandungan prolin terendah didapatkan pada nomor III 4/2 dengan cekaman air 75% KL. Faktor tunggal nomor harapan berbeda nyata terhadap pertumbuhan bibit dan bobot keing bibit jambu mente. Dari empat nomor harapan yang diuji didapatkan bahwa nomor F2-8 mempunyai pertumbuhan bibit (tinggi, jumlah daun) dan bobot keing bibit yang paling tinggi dibandingkan nomor lainnya, sedangkan nomor B 0-2 mempunyai petumbuhan bibit (tinggi dan jumlah daun) dan bobot keing bibit yang paling rendah. Faktor tunggal tingkat cekaman air berbeda nyata terhadap pertumbuhan dan bobot keing bibit. Dai enam tingkat cekaman air didapatkan bahwa sampai cekaman air 70% KL pertumbuhan bibit (tinggi, jumlah daun, luas daun) tidak berbeda nyata, akan tetapi pada cekaman air 65% KL pertumbuhan dan bobot keing bibil berbeda nyata Berdasarkan petumbuhan bibit dan kandungan prolin bebas, dapat dikemukakan bahwa nomor F2-8. lebih toleran terhadap cekaman air dibandingkan dengan nomor lainnya.Kata kunci: Anacardium occidentale L, cekaman air, petumbuhan, fase bibit ABSTRACT Effect of water stress on the growth offour cashew line seedlings Water shortage during the seedling growth stage cashew is one of the limiting factors. Water available, has impotance rule on the growth of cashew seedling Anacardium occidentale L., especially when cashew is cultivated in the dry climate regions. Therefore, the evaluation of some promising lines to water stress was conducted. The main goal of this study was to ind out the promising cashew lines which tolerant to water stress: especially at seedling stages. The experiment was conducted in the green house of the Research Institute for Food Crop Biotechnology, and the laboratory of Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops, Bogor from Mei to Agustus 2001. Factorial expeiment with two factors and three replications was arranged in a randomized completely block design (RCBD). The irst factor consisted of four promising lines, F2-8, III 4/2, P293 and B 0-2 The second factor was six levels of water stress (50% 55%, 60% 65% 70% and 75%) ield capacity (FC). Data observation included the growth of seedling (height of seedling, number of leaves, leaf area/plant), dry weight (seedling) and content of free proline. The results of the experiment indicated that interaction between promising lines and water stress significantly affected the proline content. The highest proline content was found on number B0-2 at 50 % FC, however, it was not signiicantly different from number F2-8, while the lowest proline content was found on number III4/2 at 75 % FC. The ree proline content was also increase as water available decrease. Single factor, promising lines and water stress were significantly affected to the growth of seedling. F 2-8 and III4/2 produced better on growth and dry weight of seedling Up to70% ield capacity (FC) the growth of seeding was obviously normal and did not signiicantly different among promising lines, however, bellow 65 % (FC) growth of seedling was significantly affected by water available. Base on the growth of seedling and proline content indicated that F2-8 were more tolerance to water stress compared to others lines.Keywords: Anacardium occidentale.L water stress, growth, seedling stage
PERAN HYDRAULIC LIFT JA MBU METE PADA PEMELIHARAAN LENGAS TANAH DAN STATUS AIR JAGUNG SAAT KEKERINGAN / The Role of Cashew Hydraulic Lift in Maintaining Soil Moisture and Water Status of Maize under Drought Condition Joko Pitono; Nur Maslahah; Setiawan Setiawan
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 23, No 1 (2017): Juni, 2017
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v23n1.2017.55-62

Abstract

Hydraulic lift (HL) plants are reported to share water to other plants during drought period. Our previous study found cashew had HL capability, however it was still unclear for sharing water. This study was carried out at the greenhouse of Cimanggu from May to November 2016, to evaluate whether the cashew HL could share water during drought period and its effect on maintaining soil moisture, leaf water potential, transpiration, and photosynthesis of maize. The cashew variety, B-02 and maize variety, Lamuru, planted side by side in the special designed pots, and setted in three conditions, i.e. full irrigation (B), drought without cashew HL access (K), and drought with cashew HL access (H). All of the treated plants were setted in a randomized block design with nine replicates. The results showed the cashew HL could share water to themaize. During the advanced drought periods, the soil moisture of maize was maintained higher ± 2.5% compared to it without access of cashew HL. It promoted water status of maize to be better at 8th day after drought treatment, with decrease of leaf water potential, transpiration, and photosynthesis respectively just about 30%, 36% and 32% of the values on the well irrigated condition. However, those decreased values reached 40%, 70% and 57% for the maize without cashew HL access. This study showed the cashew HL quite effectively induced the sharing water to the maize during drought periods, and alleviated the worse effects of drought stress, so that the maize could maintain a good soil moisture and tissue water status.Keywords: cashew, hydraulic lifts, sharing water, leaf water potential,maize AbstrakTanaman hydraulic lift (HL) dilaporkan dapat memasok air pada tanaman lain di sekitarnya saat periode kekeringan. Hasil studi sebelumnya menunjukkan jambu mete memiliki kemampuan HL, namun belum diketahui potensi pasokan airnya. Penelitian ini dilakukan di komplek rumah kaca Cimanggu antara Mei-November 2016 dengan tujuan mengevaluasi kemampuan pasokan air dari hydraulic lift jambu mete pada periode kekeringan dan efeknya terhadap status air jaringan jagung yang tumbuh di sekitarnya. Jambu mete varietas B-02 dan jagung varietas Lamuru ditanam berdampingan pada pot dengan desain khusus, yang diatur dalam tiga kondisi perlakuan, yakni selalu berkecukupan air (B), kekeringan tanpa ada akses HL jambu mete (K), dan kekeringan dengan akses HL jambu mete (H). Ketiga perlakuan kondisi tanaman tersebut ditempatkan di rumah kaca dalam rancangan acak kelompok dengan sembilan ulangan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan HL jambu mete dapat memasok air pada jagung, sehingga pada periode kekeringan tingkat lanjut, lengas tanahnya menjadi lebih tinggi ± 2,5% dibandingkan jagung tanpa akses HL jambu mete. Adanya pasokan air tersebut menyebabkan status air jaringan jagung selama periode kekeringan menjadi lebih baik dengan tingkat penurunan nilai dari kondisi kecukupan air pada potensial air daun, transpirasi, dan fotosintesis berturut-turut hanya sekitar 30%, 36%, dan 32%, dibandingkan penurunan nilai tersebut pada kondisi tanpa akses HL jambu mete yang mencapai 40%, 70%, dan 66%. Hasil penelitian ini memperlihatkan pasokan air pada jagung oleh HL jambu mete cukup efektif pada periode kekeringan, dan membantu meringankan efek stres kekeringan pada jagung sehingga dapat memelihara status air jaringannya tetap baik.
ANALISIS PENAWARAN DAN PERMINTAAN LADA INDONESIA DI PASAR INTERNASIONAL SABARMAN DAMANIK
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 7, No 4 (2001): Desember, 2001
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v7n4.2001.113-119

Abstract

Analysis of Indonesian pepper supply and demand in the International MarketStudy on the supply and demand of Indonesian pepper in the international market was conducted by using the data of time series from 1980 to 1999. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression and two stage least square (2 SLS) estimation method. The result of analysis revealed that the factors affecting pepper supply from Indonesia were international market, world price, pepper production, exchange rate, and the last export volume. The supply export of pepper of each major pepper producing counlircs showed similar characeristics, i.e. die expot of pepper of the countries, including Indonesia was affeclcd signiicantly by the national pepper production. When the price changed, the supply would change with the percentage higher than that of the price change. The demand for pepper import at the elasticity coeicient value smaller than one (0.144 -0.680) meant that it was inelastic. The elasticity coeficient value of the Indonesian pepper supply in the short and long terms was 1 168 and 4.037 respectively. It meant that they were elastic, if the price changed, the supply would change with the percentage higher than thai of the price change. The implication to Ihe pepper industry in Indonesia were (a) the decrease in Ihe pepper price in the international market did not affect the national pepper production, and (b) the exchange rale affect the volume of the pepper export.
KARAKTERISTIK FISIOLOGI ISOLAT Pleurotus spp. ACHMAD ACHMAD; ELIS NINA HERLIYANA; OSICA ASNO FERINA YURTI; ANANG PRANOTO HIDAYAT
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 15, No 1 (2009): Maret 2009
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v15n1.2009.46-51

Abstract

ABSTRAKStudi in vitro tentang karakteristik fungi isolat Pleurotus spp. telahdilaksanakan di Bogor dari bulan Juli sampai Agustus 2004. Penelitianmenggunakan rancangan faktorial dalam rancangan acak lengkap danbertujuan untuk mempelajari pengaruh media, temperatur inkubasi dan pHmedia terhadap 6 isolat Pleurotus sp. Karakter lain yang juga dipelajariadalah kemampuan untuk mengoksidasi asam tanat dan asam galat dalammedia agar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Pleurotus isolat sp.6dan sp.8 tumbuh baik pada media MPA, isolat Pleurotus sp.1, 3 dan 4pada media MEA dan isolate sp.2 pada media PDA. Kecuali isolat sp.8,isolat lainnya tidak dapat tumbuh pada temperatur 10 dan 35 o C. Pertum-buhan isolat sp.8 terbaik dibandingkan isolat lainnya pada semuatemperatur. Diameter koloni isolat lainnya hanya mencapai 0,2 – 2,33 cm.Pertumbuhan isolat sp.8 juga terbaik pada semua pH media diikuti isolatsp.6 kemudian isolat sp.4. Semua isolat menunjukkan reaksi oksidasipositif pada agar asam tanat dan asam galat yang ditunjukkan oleh warnacoklat pada media yang melingkari koloni.Kata kunci : Pleurotus spp, media, temperature, pH, oksidasi, asam tanat,asam galatABSTRACTPhysiological Characteristics of Pleurotus spp. IsolatesPhysiological characteristics of some Pleurotus sp. isolates werestudied in vitro, from July until August 2004 in Bogor. Experiments tostudy the effect of kind of media, temperature of incubation room, and pHof medium on six isolates of Pleurotus sp. were arranged in factorialrandomized complete design and replicated three times with colony in apetri dish as experimental units. Another physiological character studiedwas the ability to oxidize tannic and gallic acids in agar medium. Resultsshowed that isolates Pleurotus sp.6 and -8 grew better in MPA medium,Pleurotus sp.1, -3, and -4 in MEA, and Pleurotus sp.2 in PDA. ExceptPleurotus sp.8, other isolates could not grow in incubation roomtemperature of 10 and 35 o  C. The growth of Pleurotus sp.8 was the bestamong the isolates in all temperature levels. Other isolates grew poorly in20 and 29o C with diameter range was 0.2 – 2.33 cm. The growth ofPleurotus sp.8 was also the best in all pH medium levels, followed byPleurotus sp.6, and then Pleurotus sp.4. All isolates showed positiveoxidative reaction on tannic and gallic acid agar indicated by brown colorof the medium around the colony.Key words: Pleurotus spp., medium, temperature, pH, oxidation, tannicacid, gallic acid
COCONUT PRODUCTION UNDER VARIOUS CROPPING PATTERNS AND ITS CORRELATION TO THE SOIL AND LEAF NUTRIENT ELEMENT DOAH DEKOK TARIGANS
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 9, No 3 (2003): September, 2003
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v9n3.2003.81-90

Abstract

i-ow productivity of coconut farm is the main problem of coconut industry. The fact that intercropped palms were more productive than when solely planted, the most suitable way to increase productivity is through multiple cropping. To cope with (he existing variation of cropping pattern in relation to coconut production, soil and leaf nutrient element, various cropping patterns with four species of perennial crop as intercrops were conducted under study. The objectives of the study were (1) to study the effect of cropping patterns on the growth, nut production and farm productivity of coconut under farmer levels, soil chemical propeties and leaf nutrient element and (2) to study the correlation between growth and production parameter with soil chemical propeties and leaf nutrient elements. Various cropping patens under study namely (1) coconut monoculture (control), (2) coconut + pineapple, (3) coconut + coffee, (4) coconuf - papaya ♦ pineapple, (5) coconut + banana + coffee, and (6) coconut + banana + papaya + coffee i pineapple Total area for each cropping patern was 0.5 ha with coconut planting distance 8 m x 10 m and the palms 35-40 years old The site of the experiment conducted was at Silang, Cavite. Data on coconut growth and production, soil chemical properties and leaf nutrient parameters, were statistically analyzed in a randomized complete block design (RCDB) with three replications. Correlation analysis were performed on the following (1) Growlh and production parameters with soil chemical propeties, and leaf nutrient elements, (2) Relationship among nutrient element in the coconut leaves under various cropping paterns Results of the study showed that the effect of cropping patterns on the number of full-grown nul increased signiicantly more nut and higher amounts of copra per tree were produced in intercropped farms than in the mono-cropped coconut plantation. These increase ranged from 64 to 98 percent in terms of nuts and 70 to 105 percent in terms of copra. Positive correlation was observed between nitrogen in the top soil with weight of copra and nut production. The exchangeable potassium in lop soil was positively correlated with nut production. Meanwhile, the organic mater, content in the soil were positively correlated with weight of copra, nut production but negatively correlated with percentage of nul shedding. These results implies that increase organic matter content in the soil will increase coconut production including fruit set Nitrogen concentration in the leaf was positively and highly signiicantly correlated with number of nut shedding These finding suggested that the increased nitrogen concentration in the leaf greatly promotes nul production and fruit set of the palms under various cropping patterns in coconut The potassium in the leaf was significantly correlated with nul production but negatively correlated with percentage of nut shedding. Key words: Coconut production, cropping patterns, soil chemical, leaf nutrient elements, correlationRINGKASAN Produksi kelapa pada beberapa pola tanam dan hubungannya dengan kandungan unsur hara tanah dan daun kelapaRendahnya produktivitas tanaman merupakan masalah utama pada perkebunan kelapa. Salah satu cara untuk meningkatkan produktivitas yaitu melalui penerapan usahatani kelapa campuran. Suatu kenyataan bahwa penerapan intercropping menyebabkan tanaman kelapa lebih produktif dibandingkan dengan tanaman monokultur. Untuk mengetahu sejauh mana pengaruh tersebut secara ilmiah, serta hubungannya terhadap unsur hara tanah dan unsur hara dalam daun kelapa maka dilakukan penelitian secara terencana pada pertanaman kelapa rakyat produktif. Tujuan penelitian ini (1) untuk mengetahui pengaruh pola tanam terhadap petumbuhan dan produksi tanaman kelapa, terhadap unsur hara dalam tanah dan kadar hara daun kelapa dan (2) mcmpelajari korelasi antara parameter petumbuhan dan produksi kelapa dengan hara tanah serta kadar unsur hara daun. Enam polatanam kelapa yang diuji dalam penelitian ini yaitu (1) kelapa monokultur, (2) pola tanam kelapa + nanas, (3) pola tanam kelapa * kopi, (4) pola tanam kelapa + papaya + nanas , (5) pola tanam kelapa + pisang ♦ kopi dan (6) pola tanam kelapa + pisang + papaya ♦ kopi + nanas dimana masing-masing pola tanam seluas 0.5 ha. Jarak tanam kelapa 8 m x 10 m, dengan umur 40-45 tahun. Penelitian dilakukan di Silang, Cavite. Penelitian menggunakan rancangan acak lengkap (randomized complete block design) dengan tiga ulangan. Parameter yang diamali meliputi jumlah daun, jumlah bunga betina (button) per tandan, kadar unsur hara tanah meliputi kandungan bahan organik, pH, CEC, Nitrogen, Phosphor, Calcium, dan Magnesium. Sedangkan unsur hara daun yaitu Nitrogen, Phosphor, Calsium, dan Magnesium. Analisis korelasi dilakukan terhadap (1) pertumbuhan dan produksi kelapa dengan unsur hara tanah, dan unsur hara daun dan (2) hubungan antar unsur hara daun kelapa pada beberapa polatanam kelapa yang ditclili. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa produksi buah dan kopra pada polatanam campuran lebih tinggi dibandingkan dengan hasil pola tanam kelapa monokultur. Peningkatan produksi buah 64-98 persen dan kopra 70-105 persen. Kadar nitrogen pada lapisan atas tanah mempunyai korelasi positif dengan berat kopra dan produksi buah. Sedangkan unsur kalium pada lapisan tanah yang sama mempunyai korelasi positif dengan produksi buah kelapa Kandungan bahan organik tanah mempunyai korelasi positif dengan berat kopra, produksi buah namun berkorelasi negatip dengan presentase buah yang gugur (nut shedding) Hasil ini berimplikasi bahwa dengan meningkatnya kadar bahan organik tanah akan meningkatkan produktivitas tanaman kelapa. Lebih lanjut, hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kadar nitrogen dan kalium pada daun mempunyai korelasi positif dengan peningkatan produksi kelapa dan persentasi buah yang jadi.Kata kunci: Produksi kelapa, polatanam, unsur hara tanah, kadar unsur daun, analisis korelasi
PRODUKTIVITAS KELAPA HIBRIDA KHINA-1 DAN PB-121 DI LAHAN MINERAL DAN GAMBUT HELDERING TAMPAKE; WILY A. BARINGBING; H. T. LUNTUNGAN
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 8, No 3 (2002): September, 2002
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v8n3.2002.91-96

Abstract

Penelitian dilaksanakan pada lahan mineral dan lahan gambut Perkebunan Kelapa PT. Sac Nusantara di Kecamatan Mcsudji, Kabupaten Tulangbawang, Propinsi Lampung selama dua tahun (Juni 1999 - Juni 2001). lokasi penelitian terletak pada kelinggian 9 - 23 m dpi. dengan jenis tanah mineral yakni Podsolik Merah Kuning (PMK) dan lahan gambut rawa lebak yang tidak dipengaruhi pasang surul air laut. Curah hujan tahunan 2100 mm dengan 8 bulan basah dan 4 bulan kering. Jenis kelapa yang digunakan yakni kelapa hibrida PB-121 (MYDxWAT) dan KHINA-1 (GKNxDTA) yang ditanam tahun 1992 pada jarak tanam 9 m x 9 m segitiga. Penanaman menggunakan sistem blok yang luasnya antara 15 - 20 ha dan 10 blok diantaranya pada setiap ekosistem ditanami kelapa hibrida PB-121 dan KHINA-1. Rancangan percobaan menggunakan rancangan acak kelompok dengan jenis hibrida sebagai perlakuan dan blok sebagai ulangan Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui produktivitas kelapa hibida PB-121 dan KHINA-1 skala pengembangan di lahan mineral dan gambut. Pengamatan dilakukan terhadap sifat-sifat jumlah tandan/ph/Oi, jumlah buah/tandan, jumlah buah, berat daging dan berat kopra/ph/th selama 24 bulan panen. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terdapat intcraksi antara genolip x lingkungan tumbuh pada semua sifat. Jumlah landan/ph/th sangat dipengaruhi lingkungan tumbuh sedangkan jumlah buah/tandan. jumlah buah/ph/th, berat dagingphth dan berat kopra/ph/th dipengaruhi genolip lanaman. Di lahan gambut jumlah tandan/ph/th lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan lahan mineral, sedangkan jumlah buah/tandan, jumlah buah/ph/th, berat daging/ph/th dan berat kopra/ph/th kelapa hibrida KHINA-1 lebih banyak dibandingkan dengan PB-121, baik di lahan mineral maupun lahan gambut. Hal itu merupakan suatu indikasi bahwa KHINA-1 lebih adaliT terhadap berbagai lingkungan tumbuh.Kata kunci: Kelapa, produktivitas, kelapa hibrida, lahan mineral, lahan gambut ABSTRACTProductivity of hybrid coconut KHINA-1 and PB-121 in mineral and peat soilThis research was conducted in mineral and peat soil of PT. Sac Nusantara Coconut Plantation at Mesudji District, Tulangbawang Regency, Lampung Province for two years (June 1999 - June 2001). The altitudes were 9-23 meters above sea level, type of mineral soil is Red Yellow Podsolic (PMK) and peat soil of low lands wamps. 'The rainfalls were 2100 millimeters a year with 8 wet months and 4 dry mondis. The experiment used two coconut varieties i.e.: PB-121 (MYDxWAT) and KHINA-1 (GKNxDTA) hybrid, planted in 1992 with plant spacing 9 m x 9 m triangle. The plant planting used in block system were 15 - 20 Ha. a width and 10 blocks among these on each ecosystem planted PB-121 and KHINA-1 hybrids. The experiment was designed as a randomized block design with two hybrids as a treatment and blocks as replication. The objective of this study was to know the production of PB-121 and KHINA- 1 on a developed scale in mineral and peat soil. The observation character was done during 24 months to die number of bunch/palm/year, number of nut/bunch, total number of nut, weight of meat and weight of copra/ palm/year. Results of the experiment showed that there was genotype x environment interaction of die caracters observed. The number of bunch/ palm/year caused by environment conditions but the number of nut/ bunch, he total number of nut, weight of meal and weight of copra/palm/ycar were caused by genotype. On the peat soil, the total number of bunch/ palm/year higher than die mineral soil. The number of nuts/hunch. number of nuts.palm/year, weight of meat/palm/year and weight of copra/palm/ycar of the KHINA-1 in the peal soil were higher than those of PB-121 hybrid in mineral and peal soil. This indicated that KHINA-1 hybrid was more adaptive to the cnvironmcnl conditions.Key words : Coconut, productivity, hybrid coconut, mineral soil, peat soil

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