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Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri
Published by Kementerian Pertanian
ISSN : 08538212     EISSN : 25286870     DOI : -
Core Subject : Engineering,
Industrial & Manufacturing Engineering
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri merupakan publikasi ilmiah primer yang memuat hasil penelitian primer komoditas perkebunan yang belum dimuat pada media apapun, diterbitkan oleh Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan, DIPA 2011 terbit empat kali setahun.
Arjuna Subject : -
Articles 552 Documents
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FRAKSINASI KERING MINYAK KELAPA MENGGUNAKAN KRISTALISATOR SKALA 120 KG UNTUK MENGHASILKAN FRAKSI MINYAK KAYA TRIASILGLISER0L RANTAI MENENGAH MURSALIN MURSALIN; PURWIYATNO HARIYADI; EKO HARI PURNOMO; NURI ANDARWULAN; DEDI FARDIAZ
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 19, No 1 (2013): Maret 2013
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v19n1.2013.41-50

Abstract

ABSTRAKMinyak kelapa merupakan sumber medium chain triglycerides(MCT) utama. Melalui proses fraksinasi dapat dihasilkan fraksi minyakdengan kandungan MCT tinggi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajaripengaruh berbagai faktor perlakuan dingin terhadap kristalisasi danfraksinasi minyak kelapa, serta untuk menetapkan prosedur pendinginanyang efektif dalam menghasilkan fraksi minyak dengan kandungan MCTtinggi. Penelitian dilaksanakan di Laboratorium SEAFAST CENTER IPBdari bulan Maret 2012 sampai bulan Februari 2013. Fraksinasi dilakukandengan memanaskan minyak pada suhu 70°C lalu didinginkan padaberbagai laju pendinginan untuk mencapai beberapa variasi suhukristalisasi, diaduk dengan kecepatan 15 rpm, dibiarkan mengkristal padalama waktu yang berbeda (hingga 900 menit), serta difraksinasi denganpenyaringan vakum menggunakan kertas Whatman 40. Tiga tahappendinginan yang merupakan faktor kunci keberhasilan proses kristalisasiminyak kelapa yaitu tahap pendinginan awal dari suhu 70 hingga 29°C;tahap pendinginan kritis 29°C hingga suhu kristalisasi; dan tahapkristalisasi itu sendiri. Pada tahap pertama minyak kelapa didinginkansecepat mungkin untuk menurunkan waktu proses, tetapi pada tahap keduaharus dilaksanakan dengan laju pendinginan lambat (kurang dari 0,176°C/menit) untuk menghasilkan kristal yang berukuran besar dan tidak mudahmeleleh. Minyak dengan kandungan triasilgliserol tinggi dapat diperolehdari fraksi olein minyak kelapa. Pada perlakuan suhu kristalisasi 21,30-21,73°C untuk laju pendinginan kritis antara 0,013 hingga 0,176°C/menit,semakin rendah laju pendinginan kritis dan semakin lama proseskristalisasi maka kandungan MCT fraksi olein yang dihasilkan akansemakin tinggi.Kata kunci: minyak kelapa, laju pendinginan, kristalisasi, fraksinasi, MCTABSTRACTCoconut oil is the main source of medium chain triglycerides(MCT). Fractionation produce oil fraction containing MCT concentrate.This research aims to study the influence of various factors of coolingtreatment on the crystallization and fractionation of coconut oil, and toestablish effective cooling procedure to produce oil fraction with highMCT content. The research was conducted in Laboratorium of SEAFASTCENTER IPB from March 2012 to February 2013. Coconut oil washeated at 70°C then cooled at different cooling rate to reach variouscrystalization temperatures. The oil was then stirred at 15 rpm and allow tocrystallized at different period of time (up to 900 min), and finallyfractionated by vacuum filtration using Whatman #40 paper. Fractionationtemperatures was the same as crystalization temperature. The resultsshowed that there were three distinct cooling regimes critical tocrystallization process, i.e temperature range from 70 to 29°C; 29°C tocrystallization temperature; and crystallization temperature. In the firstregime, melted coconut oil might be cooled quickly to save time, but in thesecond regime need be done with a cooling rate of less than 0.176°C/minto produce physically stable crystal. Oil with high triacylglycerol contentcould be obtained from olein fraction of coconut oil. At the crystallizationtemperature 21.30-21.73°C for the critical cooling rate between 0.013 to0.176°C/min, the higher MCT content of olein fraction were produced bythe lower critical cooling rate and the longer crystallization process.Keywords: fractionation, crystallization, MCT, coconut oil, cooling rate.
PENGARUH MINYAK JARAK PAGAR (Jatropha curcas LINN.) TERHADAP MORTALITAS, BERAT PUPA, DAN PENELURAN HAMA JARAK KEPYAR TUKIMIN S W; DECIYANTO SOETOPO; ELNA KARMAWATI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 16, No 4 (2010): Desember 2010
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v16n4.2010.159-164

Abstract

ABSTRAKPenelitian pengaruh minyak jarak pagar (Jatropha curcas L.)terhadap mortalitas, berat pupa dan peneluran larva Achaea janata belumpernah dilakukan di Indonesia. Berdasarkan analisis yang dilakukansebelumnya minyak jarak pagar mengandung phorbol ester yang dapatdigunakan sebagai biopestisida dan Achaea janata merupakan hama utamapada tanaman jarak kepyar. Penelitian ini telah dilaksanakan diLaboratorium Entomologi, Balai Penelitian Tanaman Tembakau dan SeratMalang pada bulan April - Juli 2009, menggunakan rancangan acakkelompok dengan 4 perlakuan konsentrasi minyak jarak pagar, satupembanding, satu kontrol air dan kontrol detergen, diulang tiga kali.Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mengetahui efek phorbol ester dalamminyak biji jarak pagar (MJP) untuk membunuh larva A. janata. Duaaksesi minyak biji jarak pagar yang diuji adalah: SP 67 asal SulawesiSelatan dan Jatim 45 asal Jawa Timur. Pengamatan meliputi jumlahmortalitas larva, berat prepupa, pupa, jumlah telur, dan telur tetas. Hasilpenelitian menunjukkan bahwa aksesi SP 67 yang memiliki kandunganphorbol ester 9,49 µg/ml dengan konsentrasi 5 ml minyak biji jarak pagar(J. curcas) + 1 g detergen/liter air cukup efektif dan mengakibatkanmortalitas larva A. janata 85,34%, LC 50 =2,33 ml/L, 72 jam setelahpenyemprotan. Jumlah telur 362 butir dan telur tetas 34,27%. Aksesi Jatim45 yang memiliki kandungan phorbol ester 4,39 µg/ml dengan konsentrasi10 ml minyak biji jarak pagar (J. curcas) + 1 g detergen/liter air cukupefektif dan mengakibatkan mortalitas larva A. janata 85,34%, LC 50 = 9,35ml/liter pada 72 jam setelah penyemprotan. Jumlah telur 487 butir dantelur tetas 34,75%. Kedua aksesi tersebut mengakibatkan mortalitas larvaA. janata dan efek lanjutan mengakibatkan cacat larva, prepupa, dan pupa,penurunan jumlah telur dan presentase telur tetas.Kata kunci: Jatropha curcas L, phorbol ester, aksesi, minyak biji jarakpagar, mortalitas, larva, Achaea janata L.ABSTRACTEffects of Jatropha curcas Crude Oil (JCO) on Mortality,Weight of Pupae, and Fertility of Achaea janataStudy on the effects of JCO on mortality, weight of pupae, andfertility of Achaea janata has never been done in Indonesia. Based onanalysis, JCO contains phorbol ester which can be used as biopesticide.A. janata is a main pest on castor oil plants. This study was carried out atEntomology Laboratory of Indonesian Tobacco and Fiber Crops ResearchInstitute (ITOFCRI) in Malang from April through July 2009. Theexperiment was arranged using randomized block design with 7 treatmentsand 3 replicates. The objective of the research was to find out the ability ofJCO to kill larvae of A. janata and its effect on pupae weight and fertility.This experiment tested two physic nut accessions : SP 67 (originated fromSouth Sulawesi) and Jatim 45 (from East Java). Observations included thenumber of larvae mortality, weights of prepupae and pupae, number ofeggs, and percentage of hatches. Results showed that SP 67 accessioncontaining 9.49 µg phorbol ester/ml oil with concentration of 5 ml JCO +1 g detergent/l was fairly effective to kill larvae of A. janata (LC 50 = 2.33ml/l) after 72 hours of spraying. Pupae laid 362 eggs and only 34.27% ofthe eggs hatched. Jatim 45 accession containing 4.3 g/µg phorbol ester perml oil with concentration of 10 ml JCO + 1 g detergen/l was fairlyeffective to kill larvae of A. janata (LC 50 = 9.35 ml/l) after 72 hours ofspraying. Only 34.75 % of the 487 eggs hatched.Key words: Jatropha curcas L., phorbol ester, accessions, JCO,mortalily, larvae, Achaea janata L.
TRANSFER GEN   -1,3-GLUCANASE DARI JAMUR Trichoderma asperillum PADA KALUS ABAKA UNTUK KETAHANAN TERHADAP PENYAKIT LAYU FUSARIUM RULLY DYAH PURWATI; LILIEK SULISTYOWATI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 18, No 1 (2012): Maret 2012
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v18n1.2012.24-30

Abstract

ABSTRAKKendala utama dalam budidaya tanaman abaka (Musa textilis Nee.)adalah penyakit layu Fusarium yang disebabkan oleh Fusarium oxysporumf.sp cubense (Foc). Upaya perbaikan sifat ketahanan tanaman abakamelalui persilangan sulit dilakukan karena keragaman genetiknya sempitakibat  pola  perbanyakan  secara  vegetatif  yang  terus-menerus.Transformasi gen ketahanan β-1,3-Glucanase merupakan salah satualternatif untuk memperbaiki sifat ketahanan tanaman dengan bantuanvektor Agrobacterium tumefaciens. Gen   -1,3-Glucanase diisolasi darijamur endofit Trichoderma asperillum yang diketahui antagonis terhadapFusarium oxisporum. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengintroduksi gen β-1,3 Glucanase pada tanaman abaka, sebagai tahap awal untuk memperolehtanaman abaka tahan terhadap penyakit layu Fusarium. Penelitiandilaksanakan di Laboratorium Bioteknologi Fakultas Pertanian, Univer-sitas Brawijaya dan Laboratorium Kultur Jaringan Balai PenelitianTanaman Tembakau dan Serat, mulai Juni 2007 sampai dengan Mei 2009.Penelitian terdiri atas tiga tahap sebagai berikut: transfer gen   -1,3-Glucanase pada kalus abaka embriogenik, regenerasi tunas dan planletabaka transforman, dan konfirmasi planlet abaka transforman yangmengandung gen Gus dan   -1,3-Glucanase. Transfer gen dilakukanmelalui vektor A. tumefaciens strain LBA4404 yang mengandung plasmidpB2GW7 berisi gen-gen   -1,3-Glucanase, Gus (  -glucuronidase) sebagaigen pelapor dan Bar (Basta resistance) sebagai gen penyeleksi. Kalusabaka klon UB-13 embriogenik berukuran 3 x 3 x 3 mm 3 direndam dalamsuspensi A. tumefaciens, kemudian ditanam pada media kokultivasi selama2 hari. Setelah kokultivasi, kalus dipindahkan ke media MS cair+Timentin100 ppm selama 2 minggu. Selanjutnya kalus dipindahkan ke mediainduksi kalus (MK) yaitu MS + BAP 5 mg/l + Thidiazuron 0,4 mg/l +vitamin C 100 mg/l + Basta 50 ppm + Timentin 100 ppm. Regenerasitunas dilakukan dengan memindahkan kalus transforman ke media induksitunas (MT): MS+BAP 0,5 mg/l + vitamin C 100 mg/l dengan penambahandan tanpa Timentin 100 ppm. Tunas transforman dengan tinggi 2-3 cmdipindahkan ke dalam media induksi akar (MA) : MS + arang aktif 2 g/ldengan penambahan dan tanpa Timentin 50 ppm. Keberadaan gen Gusdideteksi dengan reaksi histokimia, dan konfirmasi keberadaan gen   -1,3-Glucanase dilakukan dengan Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR). Daripenelitian berhasil diperoleh 2% kalus transforman yang lolos seleksiBasta. Hasil konfirmasi keberadaan gen Gus pada planlet transformanmenunjukkan 9 dari 20 (45%) planlet yang diuji, positif mengandung genGus. Konfirmasi keberadaan gen   -1,3-Glucanase dengan PCRmenunjukkan hanya 2 dari 20 planlet transforman, positif mengandung   -1,3-Glucanase. Pengujian ketahanan dari plantlet transgenik tersebut perludilakukan terhadap Fusarium oxisporum f.sp cubense (Foc).Kata kunci: Musa textilis Nee., transformasi gen,   -1,3-Glucanase,Agrobacterium tumefaciens, penyakit, jamur patogen,FusariumABSTRACTThe main constraint of abaca (Musa textilis Nee.) cultivation isinfection of wilt disease caused by Fusarium oxysporum f.sp cubense(Foc). The effort to improve abaca resistance through hybridization is stilldifficult due to narrow genetic variability resulted from continuousvegetative multiplication. Transformation of   -1,3-Glucanase resistancegene is an alternative way to improve character of genetic resistance withhelp of Agrobacterium oxisporum. The research aimed at introducing   -1,3-Glucanase gene to abaca plants prior to obtaining the plants resistanceagainst Fusarium wilt diseases. The research was conducted inBiotechnology Laboratory, Faculty of Agriculture Brawijaya Universityand Tissue Culture Laboratory of Indonesian Tobacco and Fibre CropsResearch Institute, from June 2007 to May 2009. This experimentconsisted of three steps, namely:   -1,3-Glucanase gene transfer onto abacaembriogenic calli, regeneration of transgene abaca shoots and plantlets,and confirmation of transgene abaca plantlets containing Gus and   -1,3-Glucanase genes. Gene transfer was performed using A. tumefaciensvector strain LBA4404 with pB2GW7 containing genes of   -1,3-Glucanase and Gus (  -glucuronidase) as reporter, and Bar (Bastaresistance) as selector marker. Embriogenic calli of abaca clone UB-13were soaked in A. tumefaciens suspension and then cultured in co-cultivation medium for two days. After co-cultivation, calli weretransferred to liquid of MS medium + 100 ppm Timentine for two weeks.Furthermore, the calli were sub-cultured into callus induction medium :MS + 5 mg BAP/l + 0.4 mg Thidiazuron/l + 100 mg vitamin C/l + 50 ppmBasta + 100 ppm Timentine. Shoots regeneration was conducted bytransferring transgene calli to shoot induction medium : MS + 0.5 mg/lBAP + 100 mg vitamin C/l with and without addition of 100 ppmTimentine. Transgene shoots with 2-3 cm height were sub-cultured to rootinduction medium : MS + 2 g active charcoal/l with and without additionof 50 ppm Timentine. Detection of Gus gene was conducted usinghistochemical reaction, while confirmation of   -1,3-Glucanase gene wasperformed by PCR. This project resulted in 2% transgene calli passingBasta selection. Nine out of 20 plantlets (45%) confirmed the existance ofGus gene. PCR results showed that only 2 out of 20 transformed plantlets positively contained   -1,3-Glucanase gene. The plantlets resistanceagainst Fusarium oxisporum f.sp cubense (Foc) needs to be evaluated.Key words: Musa textilis Nee, gene transformation,   -1,3-Glucanase,Agrobacterium tumefaciens, plant disease, fungal disease,Fusarium
PENGARUH CEKAMAN KURANG AIR TERHADAP BEBERAPA KARAKTER FISIOLOGIS TANAMAN NILAM (Pogostemon cablin Benth) SETIAWAN SETIAWAN; TOHARI TOHARI; DJA’FAR SHIDDIEQ
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 19, No 3 (2013): September 2013
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v19n3.2013.108-116

Abstract

ABSTRAKNilam (Pogostemon cablin Benth) merupakan salah satu tanamanpenghasil minyak atsiri yang dikenal dengan minyak nilam (patchouli oil).Salah satu kendala dalam pengembangan tanaman nilam adalah pekaterhadap kekurangan air. Perubahan iklim cenderung menyebabkan lebihsering terjadi kekeringan di sejumlah wilayah termasuk Indonesia sehinggadalam pengembangan tanaman nilam diperlukan varietas toleran terhadapcekaman kurang air. Terdapat tiga varietas unggul nilam (Tapaktuan,Sidikalang, dan Lhokseumawe) dengan produksi minyak (290-375 kg/ha)dengan kadar patchouli alkohol 32–33%. Penelitian bertujuan untukmengevaluasi respon fisiologis 4 varietas/aksesi tanaman nilam terhadapcekaman kurang air. Penelitian dilaksanakan di rumah kaca di Bogor padatahun 2012. Penelitian menggunakan RAK faktorial dengan tiga ulangan.Faktor  pertama  4  varietas/aksesi  nilam  (V)  yaitu  Sidikalang,Lhokseumawe, Tapaktuan, dan Bio-4. Faktor kedua empat intervalpenyiraman (W) yaitu 1, 3, 6, dan 9 hari sekali. Evaluasi pengaruhcekaman kurang air dilakukan terhadap beberapa karakter fisiologitanaman nilam. Pengamatan dilakukan antara lain terhadap peubah kadarlengas tanah, konduktivitas stomata (Gs), laju transpirasi (Tr), kandunganair nisbi (KAN), potensial air daun (PAD) dan kandungan prolin daun.Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa terjadi penurunan kadar lengas tanah,konduktivitas stomata, laju transpirasi, dan KAN pada semua varietas,sedangkan PAD dan kadar prolin meningkat seiring dengan semakinlamanya interval penyiraman. Kadar prolin tertinggi pada interval 9 harisekali pada varietas Sidikalang. Tidak terdapat perbedaan responvarietas/aksesi nilam yang diuji.Kata kunci: Pogostemon cablin Benth, cekaman kurang air, karakterfisiologis.ABSTRACTPatchouli (Pogostemon cablin Benth) is one of plant that producespatchouli oil call patchouli oil. However, patchouli is susceptible todrought. The effect of global warming which changes rainfall patterncaused droughts in several regions including Indonesia. Therefore, it isimportant to find patchouli variety which is relatively tolerant to drought.Tapaktuan, Sidikalang, dan Lhokseumawe are three varieties of patchouliwhich produce high essential oil (290-375 kg/ha) with high patchoulialcohol content (32–33%). The objective of this research was to evaluatethe physiological responses of four varieties/clone of patchouli to drought.The experiment was conducted at greenhouse at Cimanggu, Bogor fromFebruary to July 2012. The research was designed in randomized factorialblock design (RBD) with three replications. The first factor was fourvarieties/clone of patchouli (V) Sidikalang, Lhokseumawe, Tapaktuan, andBio-4. The second factor was four watering intervals (W) every 1, 3, 6and 9 days of watering. Parameters evaluated were physiologicalcharacteristics, soil moisture content, stomatal conductance, transpirationrate (Tr), leaf water potential, relative water content, and proline content ofleaf. The results showed that soil moisture content, stomatal conductivity,transpiration rate and relative water content decreased, while leaf waterpotential and proline levels increased along with the increase of wateringintervals. The highest proline level was at interval of nine days wateringtreatment on Sidikalang varieties. However, all varieties/clone have notdifferent responses to water deficit.Key words: Pogostemon  cablin  Benth,water  deficit,  physiologicalcharacteristics
EVALUASI HIBRIDA HASIL PERSILANGAN TEMBAKAU MADURA DAN ORIENTAL SUWARSO SUWARSO; ANIK HERWATI; ABDUL RACHMAN; SRI HARTINIADI ISDIJOSO
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 4, No 6 (1999): Maret, 1999
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v4n6.1999.168-173

Abstract

Evaluation of hybrid resultedrom crossing ofMadura and oriental tobaccoProductivity and quality of tobacco could be improved by improving genetical traits through crossing Oiental tobacco was used as donor parent due to high number of leaves and aromatic that was able to enhanced the yield and quality of Madura tobacco. The exploits of heterosis in hybrid were expected to short cut the time of research The experiment was conducted in some villages i.e. [«bbek and Klompang Barat (District of Pamekasan). Por-dapor and Guluk-guluk (District of Sumenep) during 1997 season. The treatments consisted of four hybrids and Prancak-95 as the standard variety Hie purpose of the experiment was to find out the potency of hybrids and their improvement compared to Prancak-95. Sliced tobacco yields of all treatments were not different, except Ft Prancak-95x Ismir produced 0.701 Mia. closed to Prancak-95, i.e. 0.703 Mia Genotype x environment interaction affected on grade index, but this hybrid still the best one in Lebbek. K lompang Barat. and Por-dapor. Its standard heterosis was 43% while standard heterosis for crop index was 31.41%.
KERAGAMAN GENETIK PLASMA NUTFAH PINANG (Areca catechu L.) DI PROPINSI GORONTALO ISMAIL MASKROMO; . MIFTAHORRACHMAN
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 13, No 4 (2007): DESEMBER 2007
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v13n4.2007.119-124

Abstract

Pinang merupakan salah satu tanaman palma yang terdapat hampir di seluruh wilayah Indonesia, terutama Pulau Sumatera. Di luar Sumatera, salah satu wilayah yang memiliki potensi tanaman pinang adalah Propinsi Gorontalo, Sulawesi. Wilayah provinsi ini memiliki potensi plasma nutfah pinang yang belum diidentifikasi keragaman genetiknya. Eksplorasi dilakukan untuk mengetahui potensi keragaman genetik plasma nutfah pinang sebagai dasar informasi pengembangan di wilayah Gorontalo untuk masa mendatang, dan mengumpulkan plasma nutfah pinang yang terdapat di beberapa daerah di Gorontalo. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode survei dengan lokasi contoh dipilih secara sengaja berdasarkan informasi dari Dinas Perkebunan dan masyarakat petani. Eksplorasi dilakukan di Kabupaten Gorontalo, Pohuwato dan Bone Bolango. Hasil eksplorasi diperoleh 6 (enam) aksesi pinang yaitu aksesi Duhia Da’a dari Marisa, Kabupaten Pohuwato, Tingkohubu I dan Tingkohubu II asal Suwawa, Kabupaten Bone Bolango dan Huntu I, Huntu II, dan Huntu III dari Batudaa, Kabupaten Gorontalo, yang memiliki keragaman dalam ukuran dan bentuk buah, dengan jarak genetik yang jauh. Aksesi yang berpotensi produksi tinggi adalah Duhia Da'a, Tingkohubu I dan Tingkohubu II, sedangkan aksesi untuk bahan pelengkap dalam kegiatan budaya dan upacara adat adalah Tingkohubu II.Kata kunci : Pinang, Areca catechu L., keragaman genetik, plasma nutfah, Gorontalo ABSTRACTGenetic diversity of Arecanut (Areca catechu L.) germplasm in GorontaloArecanut is one of the palm crops found throughout Indonesia, Sumatera Island. Outside Sumatera Island, the crop exist in Gorontalo Province, Sulawesi. The exploration is conducted to observe potency of arecanut germplasm as based information for future development in Gorontalo. The purpose of exploration was to identify genetic diversity and to collect the arecanut in that area. Survey was done at three regency chosen purposively. There were six arecanut accessions identified namely Duhia Da’a from Marisa District, Pohuwato Regency, Tingkohubu I and Tingkohubu II from Suwawa District, Bone Bolango Regency, and Huntu I, Huntu II and Huntu III from Batuda’a District, Gorontalo Regency. They were various in size and shape, and so far for genetic distance. Accesions which have high potency production are Duhia Da'a, Tingkohubu I and of Tingkohubu II, while for the materials of complementary in custom ceremony and culture is Tingkohubu II.Key words : Arecanut, Areca catechu L., genetic diversity, germplasm, Gorontalo
PENGARUH LINGKUNGAN DAN TEKNIK BUDIDAYA TERHADAP EP I DEMI PENYAKIT VASCULAR STREAK DIEBACK (VSD) PADA TANAMAN KAKAO / Agronomical Practices and Environmental Effect to The Epidemics of Vascular Streak Dieback (VSD) Disease of Cocoa nFN Khaerati; Suryo Wiyono; Efi Toding Tondok
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 22, No 1 (2016): Maret, 2016
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v22n1.2016.1-10

Abstract

Vascular Streak Dieback (VSD) in cocoa caused by Oncobasidium theobromae. This is one of the important disease of cocoa in the world, including Indonesia. The knowledge on environmental effect and agronomical practices to the epidemics of VSD disease of cocoa, is important to control the diseases. The objectives of this research were to investigate environmental effect and agronomical practices to the epidemic VSD disease of cacao. The study was conducted on February to August 2014 in the three sub districts namely Tinondo (≥ 700 m asl), Mowewe (300-400 m asl) and Lambandia (≤ 100 m asl) East Kolaka Regency, South East Sulawesi. The study was carried out by colleting primary data included agronomical practices, the measurement of VSD disease severity in the field and soil nutrient, as well as secondary data. The results of this research showed that the environment and agronomical practices gave an effect to the epidemics VSD disease. Monoculture plantation had higher severity than mixed garden of cocoa. More condense the canopy of cocoa, more severe the VSD disease. More near the location of cacao plants to the river, more humid the enviroment and more severe the desease. Potassium deficiency in plants will cause susceptible to the disease, the high levels of Mg may limit K and Zn uptake at the soil. Recommendation for reducing VSD disease severity on cocoa plantations are cropping systems mixed with other plants, prunning, reducing the use of insecticides and herbicides, and do not plant the cocoa near to the river.Keywords: cacao, disease, epidemic, Oncobasidium theobromae
INDUKSI EMBRIO SOMATIK SEKUNDER KOPI ARABIKA DAN DETEKSI KERAGAMAN SOMAKLONAL MENGGUNAKAN MARKA SSRs / Induction of Secondary Somatic Embryos of Arabica Coffee and Detection Somaclonal Variation Using SSRs Marker Meynarti Sari Dewi Ibrahim; Rr. Sri Hartati; Reflinur Reflinur; Sudarsono Sudarsono
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 24, No 1 (2018): Juni, 2018
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v24n1.2018.11-20

Abstract

The secondary somatic embryogenesis of coffee plant can be used to propagate superior varieties, plant resulted from genetic transformation and mutation. Present study aimed to obtain the best media composition for induction of secondary somatic embryos in solid or semi-solid media, and to evaluate the possibility of somaclonal variations occurrence in the resulting plantlets. Primary somatic embryos torpedo phase of the AS2K variety were used as explant sources. Types of cytokines i.e. 2-iP (4.54 and 9.08 μM), kinetin (9.30 μM) and BAP (BAP 17.76 and 1.33 μM) and medium density (solids and semi-solid) were used as treatments. A total of 20 SSRs marker were used in molecular analysis of plantlets with 10 replication per treatment. The results showed that the media with the addition of BAP 17.76 μM resulted in the highest percentage (75.50%), the highest number of secondary somatic embryos (10.63), the tertiary, quarter and quiner somatic embryos. Number of secondary somatic embryos produced in a dense media was higher than those in the semi-solid media.. Based on molecular analysis, planlets on all treatment were relatively homogenous except on medium with 17.76 μM BAP which indicated by one allelle changing at ssrR209 locus. These findings indicated that the use of culture medium with supplemented with 9.08 μM 2-iP is advisable to induce the secondary somatic embryos due to its capacity to produce high number of somatic embryos and exhibited no somaclonal variations occurred among the plantlets.Keywords: Coffea arabica, tertiary somatic embryos, quarter somatic embryos, quiner somatic embryos, semi solid media AbstrakEmbriogenesis somatik sekunder pada tanaman kopi dapat digunakan untuk memperbanyak varietas unggul, hasil transformasi dan mutasi. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendapatkan komposisi media terbaik dalam menginduksi embrio somatik sekunder dalam media padat maupun semi padat, dan mengevaluasi kemungkinan terjadinya variasi somaklonal pada planlet yang dihasilkan. Eksplan yang digunakan adalah embrio somatik primer fase torpedo dari varietas AS2K. Perlakuan yang diuji adalah jenis sitokinin yaitu: 2-iP (4,54 dan 9,08 μM), kinetin (9,30 μM) dan BAP (BAP 17,76 μM dan 1,33 μM) dan kepadatan media (padat dan semi padat). Analisis molekuler menggunakan 20 primer marka SSRs dengan jumlah ulangan 10 planlet per perlakuan. Hasil penelitian memperlihatkan media dengan penambahan BAP 17,76 μM menghasilkan persentase embrio somatik sekunder tertinggi (75,50%), embrio somatik sekunder terbanyak (10,63), embrio somatik tersier, kuarter dan kuiner. Jumlah embrio somatik sekunder yang dihasilkan pada media padat lebih banyak dibandingkan semi padat. Berdasarkan analisis molekuler, planlet yang dikulturkan pada semua perlakuan relatif seragam, kecuali pada perlakuan BAP 17,76 μM yang menunjukkan telah terjadi perubahan satu alel pada lokus ssrR209. Temuan ini memperlihatkan bahwa penggunaan media kultur dengan 2-iP 9,08 μM lebih dianjurkan untuk menginduksi embrio somatik sekunder karena dapat menghasilkan jumlah embrio somatik cukup banyak dan tidak memperlihatkan adanya variasi somaklonal pada planlet yang dihasilkan.Kata kunci: Coffea arabica, embrio somatik tersier, embrio somatik kuarter, embrio somatik kuiner, media semi-padat
Pestalotiopsis desseminata PADA JAMBU MENTE BIOLOGI DAN INTERAKSINYA DENGAN Helopeltis antonii ESTHER M. ADHI; SUPRIADI SUPRIADI; S. RAHAYUNINGSIH; D. KILIN; NURI KARYANI
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 6, No 3 (2000): Desember, 2000
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/jlittri.v6n3.2000.66-72

Abstract

Pestalotiopsis desseminata on cashew: its biology and interaction with Helopeltis antoniiPestalotiopsis desseminata is one of pathogens causing leaf spots. die-back of shoots and inflorescence of cashew plant. It is assumed there is an interaction between the attack of Helopeltis antonii and the fungus in Ihe ield so that the damage becomes more devastating. The objectives of (his research were to investigate several aspects of fungal biology (pathogenicity, mycelial growth, acervuli production, sensitivity to fungicides) and its interaction with //. antonii. The esearch was carried out from April 1999 to March 2000 at the laboratory and green house of Pest and Disease Department Research Institute for Spice and Medicinal Crops, Bogor. /' desseminata was diectly isolated from cashew leaves. Pathogenicity test of P. desseminata isolate was conducted on cashew seedlings. The fungal growth and fungicide effects were carried out in vitro on agar medium. The interaction between P. desseminata and H. antonii was examined by inoculating the fungus and insect, either individually or in combination, on cashew seedlings. The results showed that P. desseminata isolate fomis black spherical acervuli containing oblongs conidia with 5 cells, and the outermost cell has 3 flagellate. Acervuli could only be produced on the cultue illuminated continuously by 600 lux translucent lamp. Pathogenicity test of several isolates of /' desseminata on cashew seedlings caused spherical leaf spot symptom, individually or coalesced as bigger leaf spots. In vitro fungal mycelia growth could be suppressed by several fungicides, including bcnomyl 50% (I ppm) and Uiiopanate-mcthyl 70% (10 ppm) Combining inoculation between P. desseminata and //. antonii resulted in moe severe (devastating) die-back compared with individually inoculated.
PENGARUH CEKAMAN AIR TERHADAP PERTUMBUHAN DAN PRODUKSI PADA TANAMAN JAMBU MENTE M. YACUB LUBIS; JOKO PITONO; PASRIL WAHID
Jurnal Penelitian Tanaman Industri Vol 5, No 1 (1999): Juni, 1999
Publisher : Pusat Penelitian dan Pengembangan Perkebunan

Show Abstract | Download Original | Original Source | Check in Google Scholar | DOI: 10.21082/littri.v5n1.1999.1-7

Abstract

Effects of water stress on plant growth and production of cashewTo complete the characteristic tests of prospective numbers of cashew (Anacardium occidentale L). research on the production stability and envi¬ ronmental stress tolerance were conducted. The objectives of the research were to study the effects of the water stress on the growth performance, inflorescent formation, production and quality of cashew. The research activi¬ ties wee caried out at Cimanggu Research Insulation from Apil 1995 to March 1998. The research used factorial randomized block design with 3 replications and 4 plants per pot. The treatments tested were wateing intervals (A) of 2, 4. 8. and 12 days with 9 mm deep of water for each treatments Prospective numbers of cashew (N) namely Pecangakan. Jepara F2-10. Balak¬ risnan B-02. and Silanka S-21. The results obtained 13 months ater gratings or 11 months ater the application showed that water stress and prospective numbers significantly affected the vegetative growth of the plants namely plant height, primary branch number, secondary branch numbers and canopy diameter. Amongst the prospective numbers, Balakrisnan B-02 had lower growth rate compared with Pecangakan. Jepara F2-I0, and Silanka S-21. Water stress significantly affected the formation of inflorescence, which tended to decrease along with the increase of water stress. On the same level of water stress, the inflorenscent formation of Jepara F2-10 was more domi¬ nant than the other numbers. However the proportion of male flowers, hermaprodite, and the ratio ofhermaprodite flowers to total number of flowers wee not significantly affected by water stress. The difference of inflorescent formation of prospective numbers was significant on the formation of the male flowers only, the highest was Srilanka S-21 and the lowest was Jepara F2- 10. The water stress showed significant effect on the number of the pods per tree, production and the protein content of the cashew nuts. The number of pods per tree and the production tended to decrease along with the increase of water stress, while the protein content of the cashew nut tend to increase along with the water stress incease The number of pods and production per tree were highest on Balakisnan B-02 followed by Pecangakan. Jepara F2-10 and Silanka S-21. espectively, where as the highest protein content of Ihe cashew kernel was on Balakrisnan B-02.

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